A Liderança Fundamentalista: Uma Abordagem a partir de Freud / Fundamentalist Leadership: An Approach from Freud / Liderazgo Fundamentalista: Un Abordaje desde Freud

Trabalhado a partir de revisão de literatura, este artigo visa a uma abordagem do fundamentalismo religioso sob a perspectiva da teoria freudiana. Justifica-se abordar esse fenômeno complexo e, atualmente, alardeador sob diversas perspectivas epistemológicas - dentre as quais, a psicanalítica -, objetivando uma compreensão interdisciplinar. A psicanálise, desde seus inícios, manifestou interesse pelo fenômeno religioso, que se tornou tema recorrente ao longo da obra de Freud. Diante da expressividade do atual fundamentalismo religioso na sociedade pós-moderna, faz-se oportuno buscar, no pensamento freudiano, aportes teóricos que possam contribuir para pensar esse fenômeno. A pesquisa desenvolvida busca destacar uma característica relevante nos segmentos religiosos fundamentalistas: o poderio dos líderes que, como a figura do grande homem abordado por Freud, são capazes de atrair, influenciar e mobilizar as massas, levando-as, inclusive, a posturas de intolerância e ataque contra a diversidade que constitui a sociedade. Conclui-se que o fundamentalismo religioso tende a persistir e suas variadas ressurgências demonstram como a religião não é imune a portar, em si, um potencial para o desencadeamento da pulsão agressiva e destrutiva inerente a todos os seres humanos e a suas diversas formas de associarem.

Based on a literature review, this article aims to approach religious fundamentalism from the perspective of Freudian theory. It is justified to approach this complex and currently boasting phenomenon from different epistemological perspectives - among which, the psychoanalytic one -, aiming at an interdisciplinary understanding. Psychoanalysis, from its beginnings, showed an interest in the religious phenomenon, which became a recurring theme throughout Freud's work. Given the expressiveness of current religious fundamentalism in postmodern society, it is opportune to seek, in Freudian thought, theoretical contributions that can help thinking about this phenomenon. The research developed seeks to highlight a relevant characteristic in fundamentalist religious segments: the power of leaders who, like the figure of the great man approached by Freud, are capable of attracting, influencing and mobilizing the masses, even leading them to postures of intolerance and attack against the diversity that constitutes society. It is concluded that religious fundamentalism tends to persist and its various resurgences demonstrate how religion is not immune to carrying, in itself, a potential for triggering the aggressive and destructive drive inherent to all human beings and to their various ways of associating.

A partir de una revisión de la literatura, este artículo tiene como objetivo abordar el fundamentalismo religioso desde la perspectiva de la teoría freudiana. Se justifica abordar este fenómeno complejo y, actualmente, prestigiado desde diferentes perspectivas epistemológicas -entre las cuales, la psicoanalítica-, visando una comprensión interdisciplinar. El psicoanálisis, desde sus inicios, mostró un interés por el fenómeno religioso, que se convirtió en un tema recurrente a lo largo de la obra de Freud. Dada la expresividad del fundamentalismo religioso actual en la sociedad posmoderna, es oportuno buscar en el pensamiento freudiano aportes teóricos que puedan contribuir a pensar este fenómeno. La investigación desarrollada busca resaltar una característica relevante en los segmentos religiosos fundamentalistas: el poder de los líderes que, como la figura del gran hombre abordada por Freud, son capaces de atraer, influir y movilizar a las masas, incluso llevándolas a posturas de intolerancia y atentado contra la diversidad que constituye la sociedad. Se concluye que el fundamentalismo religioso tiende a persistir y sus diversos resurgimientos demuestran cómo la religión no es inmune a portar, en sí misma, un potencial para desencadenar la pulsión agresiva y destructiva inherente a todo ser humano y a sus diversas formas de asociación.

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in a polarized political system: Lessons from the 2020 election.

Given the deep polarization of the American political system in recent decades, was the 2020 presidential election an extension of the pre-existing partisan coalitions or did the Covid-19 pandemic and its economic consequences have a significant impact on the outcome? Using a national probability sample provided by AmeriSpeak and voter verification provided by Catalist, we construct a structural equation model to examine the relative influence of age, race, gender, education, religious fundamentalism, ideological partisanship, affective partisanship, and measures of Covid-19 experiences and understanding to predict the 2020 vote. We re-construct the partisan polarization landscape to examine the role of politically interested non-partisans in the center of the ideological spectrum and examine their ability to select candidates in response of specific issues. The Covid-19 pandemic had a significant marginal impact on the outcome of the 2020 presidential election.

Relationships between Spirituality, Religious Fundamentalism and Environmentalism: The Mediating Role of Right-Wing Authoritarianism.

According to past research, religious attitudes can strongly influence individuals' beliefs and behaviors. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationships between spirituality (the Scale of Spirituality; dimensions include religious spirituality, expanding consciousness, searching for meaning, sensitivity to art, doing good, and sensitivity to inner beauty), religious fundamentalism (the Religious Fundamentalism Scale), support for right-wing authoritarianism (the Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale), climate concerns (the Environmental Concern Scale), and pro-environmental behavior (the Pro-Environmental Behavior Scale). The cross-sectional study involved 512 Poles aged 18-63 (M = 34.63, SD = 5.96; Mdn = 33), including 51% females. Multiple regression analysis revealed that two dimensions of spirituality (sensitivity to art and doing good) and religious fundamentalism are significant and opposite predictors of climate concern and pro-environmental behavior. Spirituality appeared to foster increased climate concern and caring behavior, while religious fundamentalism negatively predicted the same variables. Mediation analysis revealed that the relationship between religion and environmentalism could be explained in part by differences in support for right-wing authoritarianism (authoritarianism itself was negatively related to environmental outcomes). In addition, analysis of variance revealed that believers (70% of participants in the study were Catholic) showed significantly lower scores regarding climate concerns and pro-environmental behavior than non-believers, yet the inclusion of support for right-wing authoritarianism as a covariate in the equation reduced intergroup differences to statistical insignificance. The data obtained suggest that religious attitudes and socio-political views may play important roles in solving environmental problems.

Religious Fundamentalism, Delusions, and Conspiracy Beliefs Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The widespread COVID-19 conspiracy theories are a problem in dealing with the pandemic, as their proponents tend not to adhere to public health regulations. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between religious fundamentalism, delusions, compliance with public health regulations, and religion-related conspiracy beliefs about the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were 570 internet users aged 18-60. They responded to questions regarding sociodemographic variables, compliance with public health regulations, conspiracy beliefs concerning COVID-19, as well as the Revised Religious Fundamentalism Scale, and the Delusions Scale. The results indicated that people exhibiting more conspiracy beliefs were less likely to comply with public health regulations concerning the COVID-19 pandemic and showed more religious fundamentalism. Additionally, there was an indirect effect of religious fundamentalism on conspiracy beliefs through delusions. The results suggest that when formulating epidemiological messages, it is worth paying attention to the importance of rational thinking.

Does religion predict coronavirus conspiracy beliefs? Centrality of religiosity, religious fundamentalism, and COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs.

There has been an increasing interest in the relationship between religion and psychosocial functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interestingly, emerging recent findings suggest that religiousness may have a Janus-face impact on how people cope with the pandemic, leading to both positive and negative social outcomes. In this project, we examine whether two types of religiousness (i.e., centrality of religiosity and religious fundamentalism) are associated with COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and socially undesirable behavior during the pandemic. We suggest that only the most dogmatic and fundamentalistic type of religiousness could lead to conspiracy beliefs, while centrality of religiosity could be unrelated or even negatively related to this type of thinking. In a series of two studies (N = 361 and N = 394) conducted among Polish Roman Catholics, we demonstrate that religious fundamentalism, unlike centrality of religiosity, is positively related to coronavirus conspiracy beliefs, which, in turn, promote socially maladaptive behavior such as freeriding or non-adherence to safety guidelines.

When Is "Gay Panic" Accepted? Exploring Juror Characteristics and Case Type as Predictors of a Successful Gay Panic Defense.

"Gay panic" refers to a situation in which a heterosexual individual charged with a violent crime against a homosexual individual claims they lost control and reacted violently because of an unwanted sexual advance that was made upon them. This justification for a violent crime presented by the defendant in the form of a provocation defense is used as an effort to mitigate the charges brought against him. There has been relatively little research conducted concerning this defense strategy and the variables that might predict when the defense is likely to be successful in achieving a lesser sentence for the defendant. This study utilized 249 mock jurors to assess the effects of case type (assault or homicide) and juror characteristics (homophobia, religious fundamentalism, and political orientation) on the success of the gay panic defense compared with a neutral provocation defense. Participant homophobia was found to be the driving force behind their willingness to accept the gay panic defense as legitimate. Higher levels of homophobia and religious fundamentalism were found to predict more leniency in verdict decisions when the gay panic defense was presented. This study furthers the understanding of decision making in cases involving the gay panic defense and highlights the need for more research to be conducted to help understand and combat LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) prejudice in the courtroom.

Factors Associated with Transphobia: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.

Our study examined factors associated with transphobia with a particular focus on the interrelations between religious fundamentalism and contact to impact transphobia. We used an online sample of U.S. adults (Mean age = 38.91 years, SD = 12.58 years; n = 400) to conduct a partially latent variable SEM analysis and tested the direct effects of religious fundamentalism, contact, and gender on transphobia and the indirect effects of religious fundamentalism on transphobia through contact. We additionally tested for gender differences in the structural relations of the variables through a multi-group analysis. Results showed a statistically significant effect of religious fundamentalism, contact, and gender on transphobia. Religious fundamentalism also had a statistically significant indirect effect on transphobia through contact. Gender differences were also found for the effects of religious fundamentalism on contact and on transphobia. We conclude with implications for research and practice.

Religious fundamentalism, right-wing authoritarianism, and meaning in life.

OBJECTIVE: Two studies examined the relationship between right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and religious fundamentalism (RF), and tested their unique contributions to meaning in life (MIL). METHOD: We recruited Amazon Mechanical Turk Participants located in the United States. Studies 1 (N = 827) included measures of RWA, RF, and global MIL. Study 2 (N = 809) additionally included measures of the facets of global MIL (existential significance, purpose, and coherence), and intrinsic religiosity. RESULTS: In both studies, RWA, RF, and MIL were positively correlated. Partial correlations and structural equation modeling showed that, when modeled together, RF significantly contributes to MIL and RWA facets were either unrelated or negatively related. Study 2 extended these results to show that RF primarily contributed positively to global MIL through existential significance, rather than purpose or coherence. When modeled jointly with intrinsic religiosity, religious fundamentalism no longer contributed to MIL. CONCLUSIONS: These studies demonstrate that RF positively contributes to the experience of MIL, and that the link between RWA and MIL arises from their mutual overlap with RF. The link between RF and MIL is about religiosity, rather than fundamentalism. Implications are discussed.

[The anti-semitism of the others: towards a differentiated view of anti-semitic attitudes among Muslims in Germany]. / Der Antisemitismus der Anderen: Für eine differenzierte Betrachtung antisemitischer Einstellungen unter Muslim:innen in Deutschland.

For some years now, there has been a discussion about a new anti-Semitism. The focus of these debates is increasingly on immigrants, but above all on Muslims, and thus there is now talk about an Islamized anti-Semitism. These discussions quickly became a political issue. Right-wing extremist actors such as the Alternative for Germany seized on the evidence of anti-Semitism among Muslims and instrumentalized it for their anti-Muslim agenda. This instrumentalization, in turn, makes it difficult for people working against anti-Muslim discrimination to acknowledge the existence of anti-Semitism among Muslims. Using a variety of empirical material, this article examines the prevalence of anti-Semitic resentment among Muslims and how it relates to the persistence of anti-Semitism in German society. The results show that traditional forms of anti-Semitism, and in particular Israel-related anti-Semitism, are particularly accentuated among Muslims. Together with ethnonational, right-wing extremist anti-Semitism, anti-Semitism among Muslim submilieus poses a threat to Jews in Germany. Anti-Semitism among Muslims draws on narratives from their countries of origin and on religious sources. However, anti-Semitism among Muslims in Germany is less pronounced than in most societies in the Islamic world. Moreover, guilt-denying articulations of anti-Semitism remain a hallmark of the autochthonous population and right-wing political milieus. Anti-Semitism in Germany therefore requires a more nuanced understanding than seemed necessary just a few years ago.

Disentangling Honor-Based Violence and Religion: The Differential Influence of Individual and Social Religious Practices and Fundamentalism on Support for Honor Killings in a Cross-National Sample of Muslims.

Religion is seen as one of the main causes of honor violence; yet, empirical studies investigating this purported relationship remain scarce. Therefore, we investigated how individual and social religious practices, religious fundamentalism, and demographic variables contribute to support for honor killings of women and men. We analyzed multinational face-to-face interview data of Muslims with a final sample size of N = 25,723. Using multilevel ordinal regression, we found that increased support for honor killings was strongly predicted by the frequency of mosque attendance, religious fundamentalism, a lower educational level, and living in a rural area. Conversely, gender and the frequency of private prayer did not significantly relate to support for honor killings. Thus, different aspects of religion have differential effects: Individual aspects of religious practice such as private prayer seem to be not significantly related to support for honor violence, whereas social aspects such as mosque attendance and religious fundamentalism strongly predict an increased support for honor killings.

Slapping Them Into Heaven? Individual and Social Religiosity, Religious Fundamentalism, and Belief in Heaven and Hell as Predictors of Support for Corporal Punishment.

Support for corporal punishment (CP) has been associated with religiosity. Yet, little is known about which aspects of religiosity predict support for CP. To close this gap in the literature, we investigated how individual and social religiosity, religious fundamentalism, belief in heaven, belief in hell, and demographic variables contribute for the support of CP. We analyzed population-based cross-sectional data, as gathered in the General Social Survey, with a final sample size of n = 671. Using ordinal regression, we found that increased support for CP was best predicted by belief in heaven and religious fundamentalism. These results suggest that support for CP seems to emerge mainly from absolute belief in divine reward and retribution. Religious parents might endorse CP as a means to ensure that their children enter heaven.

The "Real" Chechen Man: Conceptions of Religion, Nature, and Gender and the Persecution of Sexual Minorities in Postwar Chechnya.

In March of 2017, the Russian LGBT Network received their first reports of police violence against individuals in Chechnya because of their perceived sexual orientation. In the following months, news spread of a campaign of forced disappearances and torture specifically targeting suspected homosexual men. Between December, 2018 and February, 2019, police carried out another wave of unlawful detentions of men on the basis of their sexual orientation. The reports of unlawful detentions and extrajudicial killings of queer men may seem surreal in a world that has slowly grown more progressive with regard to LGBT rights issues. And yet, this violence is the reality faced by gay and bisexual men in Chechnya under Ramzan Kadyrov, the hypermasculine Chechen leader. This paper explores the ways in which religious practice, imaginations of nature, and conceptions of gender have influenced Chechnya's current anti-LGBT climate.

Dataset on the relations between religious and secular attitudes.

This article presents data that examines the relationship between Religious orientation (Extrinsic, Intrinsic, and Quest), Religious fundamentalism, Secularism of state, Attitudes toward pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, Attitudes toward embryonic stem cells research, Attitudes toward same-sex marriage, Attitude towards adoption by same-sex couples, and Social desirability. The sample consists of 312 Italians, who completed a questionnaire containing measures of investigate construct. Participants were contacted in various places and asked to complete a questionnaire individually. Only participants who said they were Italian and Catholic were included in this dataset. All participants were informed that their responses would remain confidential. Sample demographics, descriptive statistics, and correlations among measures were provided.

Fundamentalismo Religioso y su Relación con Variables Psicosociales en Judíos Ortodoxos / Religious Fundamentalism and its Relation to Psychosocial Variables in Orthodox Jews

Resumen El fundamentalismo religioso expresa un conjunto de creencias basadas en una interpretación literal de un manuscrito considerado sagrado, con una exigencia intransigente de sometimiento a una doctrina. Diferentes variables psicosociales como el autoritarismo, la dominancia social, la necesidad de cierre y la ideología del rol de género han sido estudiadas en relación con fundamentalismo religioso. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo revisar estas relaciones y proponer un modelo teórico que las vincula, en una muestra de judíos ortodoxos. Se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística de judíos ortodoxos, compuesta por 426 adultos entre hombres y mujeres, con un rango etario de 18 a 69 años. Los resultados observados, en convergencia con estudios previos, confirman las relaciones positivas entre el fundamentalismo religioso y la necesidad de cierre cognitivo, el autoritarismo del ala de derechas, la orientación a la dominancia social y la ideología de roles de género. A partir de ello, se propone un modelo teórico en el que autoritarismo y dominancia social modulan los niveles de necesidad de cierre y fundamentalismo religioso los que, a su vez, inciden en los niveles de ideología del rol de género. Los hallazgos de este estudio pueden contribuir al análisis de los efectos de la radicalización y brindar insumos para el desarrollo e implementación de las medidas preventivas necesarias. Se discuten los alcances y límites de la propuesta teórica.

Abstract Religious fundamentalism expresses a set of beliefs based on a literal interpretation of a manuscript considered sacred, with an intransigent demand for submission to a doctrine. Different psychosocial variables such as authoritarianism, social dominance, the need for closure and the gender role ideology have been studied in relation to religious fundamentalism. On the one hand, authoritarianism and social dominance have been considered as predictors of religious fundamentalism while, on the other hand, the need for closure and the gender role ideology have been studied in their relations with religious fundamentalism. The aim of this work was to review these relationships and propose a theoretical model that links them, in a sample of Orthodox Jews. We worked with a non-probabilistic sample of Orthodox Jews, composed of 426 adults between men and women, with an age range of 18 to 69 years. The results observed, in convergence with previous studies, confirm the positive relationships between religious fundamentalism and the need for cognitive closure, the authoritarianism of the right wing, the orientation to social dominance and the ideology of gender roles. From this, a theoretical model is proposed in which authoritarianism and social dominance modulate the levels of need for closure and religious fundamentalism which, in turn, affect the levels of ideology of the gender role. The scope and limits of the theoretical proposal are discussed.

Religious Fundamentalism, Satisfaction with Life and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Intensity in a Polish Sample of People Living with HIV/AIDS.

We investigated the relationship between religious fundamentalism, satisfaction with life and the intensity of posttraumatic stress symptoms in people living with HIV/AIDS. The study was conducted on 283 adults, including 242 HIV-positive patients and 41 individuals with AIDS, aged from 20 to 74. Religious fundamentalism was positively correlated with age and posttraumatic stress symptoms intensity. Negative correlation between satisfaction with life and posttraumatic stress intensity was also found. Religious fundamentalism and satisfaction with life accounted for 34% of the variance in posttraumatic stress symptoms intensity. The level of patients' education mediated the relationship between religious fundamentalism and the posttraumatic stress symptoms intensity.

Religious fundamentalism is associated with hyperactive performance monitoring: ERP evidence from correct and erroneous responses.

The aim of the current study was to examine whether action monitoring is associated with religious fundamentalism. Participants performed a stop-signal task that required response inhibition to a simple auditory tone. The level of their religious fundamentalism was measured on a scale. Analysis with mixed-effects linear models revealed significantly larger error-related negativity, correct-related negativity, and post-error positivity components in individuals scoring higher on religious fundamentalism, pointing to their increased engagement in response monitoring. However, it was not accompanied by improved behavioral performance. The electrophysiological results of our study suggest that individuals high in religious fundamentalism engage more in monitoring for conflict between outcomes of their actions and standards of correct behavior. Our findings also point to a possible association between a fundamentalist mindset and higher levels of negative affect, uncertainty, anxiety, and distress, as measured by response-related brain activity.

Religiosity, Religious Fundamentalism, and Ambivalent Sexism Toward Girls and Women Among Adolescents and Young Adults Living in Germany.

The New Year's Eve 2015 mass sexual assaults in Germany led to a broader debate about whether the perpetrators, most of them self-identifying as Muslims, were encouraged to such acts by particularly sexist attitudes toward girls and women. Here, we argue that it is not the specific religious affiliation of individuals per se that predicts sexism. Rather it should be the extent to which they are involved in their religion, i.e., their religiosity and their endorsement of religious fundamentalism. In line with the theory of ambivalent sexism, we distinguish hostile and benevolent sexism, while controlling for right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. In two Pilot Studies, we explored differences in ambivalent sexism (a) between male and female individuals of Muslim faith, Christian faith, Muslim faith, Christian faith, and no religious affiliation residing in Germany, while at the same time (b) differentiating between sexism directed toward girls and sexism directed toward women. In our Main Study, we tested the interrelations between religiosity, religious fundamentalism, and ambivalent sexism in our religious subsamples of male Christians, female Christians, male Muslims, and female Muslims using a multigroup multivariate moderated mediation analysis. In all three studies, Muslims were more religious, endorsed religious fundamentalism more strongly, and held stronger benevolent sexist beliefs toward girls and women as well as stronger hostile sexist beliefs toward women than Christians and non-religious participants. In our Main Study, with female Christians as the reference group, male Muslims' stronger benevolent and hostile sexist beliefs toward girls were mediated by religiosity and fundamentalism. Female Muslims' stronger endorsement of benevolent sexism toward girls could be explained by their higher level of fundamentalism. While our findings show that differences in ambivalent sexism between religious groups were partly due to different levels of religiosity and fundamentalism, they also suggest that there are factors other than those investigated in our studies responsible for male Muslims' particularly strong sexism. We discuss specific contents of Islamic religious teachings and honor beliefs as possible causes to be investigated further in future research.

Ideologia de gênero: estratégia argumentativa que forja cientificidade para o fundamentalismo religioso / Gender Ideology: argumentative strategy that forges scientificity for religious fundamentalism / Ideología de género: estrategia argumentativa que forja cientificidad para el fundamentalismo religioso / L'idéologie du genre: stratégie argumentative qui forge la scientificité pour le fondamentalisme religieux

A "ideologia de gênero" tem sido o principal argumento de fundamentalistas religiosos/as e extremistas conservadores/as para a ofensiva contra direitos sexuais no Brasil, com ênfase para o cerceamento da educação sobre gênero e sexualidade nas escolas. Este projeto de pesquisa propõe mapear as estratégias argumentativas adotadas em livros publicados sobre "ideologia de gênero" e nas proposições legislativas que visam censurar o debate sobre gênero e sexualidade nas escolas a partir deste argumento. Analisa uma amostra de publicações disponíveis no mercado editorial brasileiro sobre "ideologia de gênero", bem como as proposições legislativas apensadas em torno do projeto Escola Sem Partido. Por meio deste mapeamento que delineia os principais argumentos presentes nestes materiais, visa subsidiar novos projetos de pesquisa que venham contribuir para a consideração crítica dos argumentos que têm sido adotados por fundamentalistas religiosos/as em uma ofensiva contra direitos sexuais em curso no país.

"Gender ideology" has been the main argument for religious fundamentalists and conservative extremists for the offensive against sexual rights in Brazil, with an emphasis on curtailing gender and sexuality education in schools. This research project proposes to map the argumentative strategies adopted in published books on "gender ideology" and in the legislative proposals that aim to censor the debate on gender and sexuality in schools from this argument. It analyzes a sample of publications available in the Brazilian publishing market on "gender ideo-logy", as well as the legislative proposals appended around the project School Without Party. Through this mapping that outlines the main arguments in these materials, it aims to subsidize new research projects that will contribute to the critical consideration of the arguments that have been adopted by religious fundamentalists in an offensive against sexual rights in progress in the country.

La "ideología de género" ha sido el principal argumento de fundamentalistas religiosos y extremistas conservadores para la ofensiva contra derechos sexuales en Brasil, con énfasis en el cercenamiento de la educación sobre género y sexualidad en las escuelas. Este proyecto de investigación propone mapear las estrategias argumentativas adoptadas en libros publicados sobre "ideología de género" y en las proposiciones legislativas que pretenden censurar el debate sobre género y sexualidad en las escuelas a partir de este argumento. Se analiza una muestra de publicaciones disponibles en el mercado editorial brasileño sobre "ideología de género", así como las propuestas legislativas apensadas en torno al proyecto Escuela Sin Partido. Por medio de este mapeo que delinea los principales argumentos presentes en estos materiales, pretende subsidiar nuevos proyectos de investigación que vengan a contribuir a la consideración crítica de los argumentos que han sido adoptados por fundamentalistas religiosos en una ofensiva contra derechos sexuales en curso en el país.

L'"ideologie du genre" a été le principal argument en faveur de les fondamentalistes religieux et les extrémistes conservateurs pour l'offensive contre les droits sexuels au Brésil, en mettant l'accent sur la limitation de l'éducation sexuelle et sexiste dans les écoles. Ce projet de recherche propose de cartographier à partir de cet argument les stratégies argumentatives adoptées dans des ouvrages publiés sur l'"ideologie du genre" et dans les propositions législatives visant à censurer le débat sur le genre et la sexualité dans les écoles. Il analyse un échantillon de publications disponibles sur le marché de l'édition brésilien sur l'"ideologie du genre", ainsi que les propositions législatives annexées autour du projet Ecole San Parti. Cette cartographie qui présente les principaux arguments de ces documents vise à subventionner de nouveaux projets de recherche qui contribueront à la prise en compte critique des arguments adoptés par les fondamentalistes religieux dans le cadre d'une offensive contre les droits sexuels en cours dans le pays.

Religious Fundamentalism Modulates Neural Responses to Error-Related Words: The Role of Motivation Toward Closure.

Examining the relationship between brain activity and religious fundamentalism, this study explores whether fundamentalist religious beliefs increase responses to error-related words among participants intolerant to uncertainty (i.e., high in the need for closure) in comparison to those who have a high degree of toleration for uncertainty (i.e., those who are low in the need for closure). We examine a negative-going event-related brain potentials occurring 400 ms after stimulus onset (the N400) due to its well-understood association with the reactions to emotional conflict. Religious fundamentalism and tolerance of uncertainty were measured on self-report measures, and electroencephalographic neural reactivity was recorded as participants were performing an emotional Stroop task. In this task, participants read neutral words and words related to uncertainty, errors, and pondering, while being asked to name the color of the ink with which the word is written. The results confirm that among people who are intolerant of uncertainty (i.e., those high in the need for closure), religious fundamentalism is associated with an increased N400 on error-related words compared with people who tolerate uncertainty well (i.e., those low in the need for closure).

Saúde sexual e reprodutiva, conservadorismo religioso e acesso a medicamentos: uma discussão sobre a estratégia global de advocacy do Consórcio Internacional sobre Contracepção de Emergência / Sexual and reproductive health, religious conservatism, and access to medicines: a discussion on the global advocacy strategy of the International Consortium for Emergency Contraception / Salud sexual y reproductiva, conservadurismo religioso y acceso a medicamentos: una discusión sobre la estrategia global de advocacy del Consorcio Internacional sobre Anticoncepción de Emergencia

Resumo O Consórcio Internacional sobre Contracepção de Emergência (ICEC) é uma organização não governamental, criada em 1996 por iniciativa da Fundação Rockefeller. O ICEC tem sido o principal interlocutor no cenário mundial na defesa do acesso à contracepção de emergência (CE) e na sua difusão nos, assim chamados, países em desenvolvimento. Seu website é uma importante fonte de informação e veículo para advogar em prol dos CE. Foi realizada uma análise temática em documentos selecionados do website do ICEC disponíveis no período de 2013 e 2014. Este artigo indaga se a ausência de uma discussão ampla sobre sexualidade e direitos humanos, constatada no material analisado, seria pautada por um cenário político de acirrado fundamentalismo religioso.

Abstract The International Consortium for Emergency Contraception is a non-governmental organization, created in 1996 by initiative of the Rockefeller Foundation initiative. ICEC has been the main international voice advocating for the access to emergency contraception (EC) and its dissemination in so-called developing countries. Its website is an important source of information and a vehicle for EC advocacy. A thematic analysis was performed on selected ICEC website documents available during the 2013-2014 period. This article questions whether the lack of a broad discussion on sexuality and human rights that results from this assessment responds to a political scenario of intensified religious fundamentalism.

Resumen El Consorcio Internacional sobre Contracepción de Emergencia (ICEC) es una organización no gubernamental, criada en 1996 por iniciativa de la Fundación Rockefeller. El ICEC ha sido el principal interlocutor en el escenario mundial en la defensa del acceso a la anticoncepción de emergencia (AE) y en su difusión los llamados países en desarrollo. Su sitio web es una importante fuente de información y vehículo para abogar en favor de los AE. Fue realizado un análisis temático en documentos seleccionados en el sitio web del ICEC disponibles durante el período de 2013 y 2014. Este artículo indaga si la falta de una discusión amplia sobre sexualidad y derechos humanos, constatada en el material analizado, sería resultado de un escenario político de intensificado fundamentalismo religioso.