Explantador de Cabrera: un nuevo dispositivo para explantar endoprótesis aórticas después de reparo endovascular de aneurisma de aorta, un estudio experimental ex vivo / Cabrera explanter: a new device to explant aortic stents after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair, an ex vivo experimental study

Introducción. Las complicaciones posteriores a la reparación endovascular de aneurisma (EVAR) pueden resolverse con técnicas endovasculares. Sin embargo, cuando está indicada, la explantación de una endoprótesis es un procedimiento complejo, que se asocia a lesiones vasculares o viscerales, con alta morbimortalidad, en pacientes con edad avanzada y múltiples comorbilidades, y por lo tanto, alto riesgo quirúrgico. No existen dispositivos producidos por la industria para explantar las endoprótesis aórticas, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar un dispositivo para la explantación de endoprótesis aórticas. Métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio experimental, en fase preclínica, para desarrollar un dispositivo para la explantación de endoprótesis aórticas, con pruebas en modelos 3D y en un modelo animal porcino cadavérico. Resultados. Es factible desarrollar un modelo experimental de un nuevo dispositivo para explantar endoprótesis aórticas, denominado explantador de Cabrera, y comprobar su funcionamiento en un modelo animal cadavérico. El uso del explantador de Cabrera limitó el daño de la pared aórtica por parte de la endoprótesis en un 100 % al momento de su explantación en un modelo experimental ex vivo. Conclusión. Usando una jeringa septo, el explantador de Cabrera es superior a la técnica estándar de explantación de una endoprótesis al limitar la lesión de la pared aórtica, al colapsar y liberar los ganchos de fijación suprarrenal de forma controlada y segura al interior de la luz aórtica y, posteriormente, extraerla de forma rápida y efectiva, conservando la mayor cantidad de aorta sana para la posterior reconstrucción aorto-ilíaca.

Introduction. Complications after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) can be resolved with endovascular techniques; however, when indicated, stent explantation is a complex procedure, which is associated with vascular or visceral injuries, with high morbidity and mortality in patients, with advanced age and multiple comorbidities, and therefore high surgical risk. There are no devices produced by the industry to explant aortic endoprostheses, so the objective of this work was to develop a device for the explantation of aortic endoprostheses. Methods. An experimental study was carried out, in the preclinical phase, to develop a device for the explantation of aortic endoprostheses, with tests in 3D models and in a cadaveric porcine animal model. Results. It is feasible to develop an experimental model of a new device for explanting aortic endoprostheses, called Cabrera explanter, and verify its operation in a cadaveric animal model. The use of the Cabrera explanter limited damage to the aortic wall by the endoprosthesis by 100% at the time of explantation in an ex vivo experimental model. Conclusions. Using a septum syringe, the Cabrera explanter is superior to the standard stent explantation technique by limiting injury to the aortic wall, collapsing and releasing the adrenal fixation hooks in a controlled and safe manner into the aortic lumen, and subsequently, extract it quickly and effectively, preserving the greatest amount of healthy aorta for the subsequent aorto-iliac reconstruction.

Superiority of 3D planimetry over pressure half-time method for the assessment of mitral valve area after percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral repair.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: There is limited evidence to identify the most accurate method for measuring the mitral valve area (MVA) after percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral repair. Our objective was to evaluate the optimal method in this context and its correlation with the mean transmitral gradient. METHODS: A registry of patients undergoing percutaneous mitral repair was conducted, analyzing different methods of measuring MVA and their correlation with the mean gradient. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 167 patients. The mean age was 76±10.3 years, 54% were men, and 46% were women. Etiology was degenerative in 45%, functional in 39%, and mixed in 16%. Postclip MVA measurements were 1.89±0.60 cm2 using pressure half-time (PHT), 2.87±0.83 cm2 using 3D planimetry, and the mean gradient was 3±1.19mmHg. MVA using 3D planimetry showed a stronger correlation with the mean gradient (r=0.46, P<.001) than MVA obtained by PHT (r=0.19, P=.048). Interobserver agreement was also higher with 3D planimetry than with PHT (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.90 vs 0.81 and variation coefficient of 9.6 vs 19.7%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that the PHT method significantly underestimates MVA after clip implantation compared with direct measurement using transesophageal 3D planimetry. The latter method also correlates better with postimplantation gradients and has less interobserver variability. These results suggest that 3D planimetry is a more appropriate method for assessing postclip mitral stenosis.

Aneurisma de arteria carótida interna. Caso clínico

Introducción: Los aneurismas de la arteria carótida extracraneal (ACEC) son poco frecuentes en comparación con las lesiones oclusivas. Los ACEC son menos del 1% de todos los aneurismas arteriales y solo el 10% son considerados aneurismas verdaderos. Caso Clínico: Paciente femenina de 84 años, en excelentes condiciones generales, hipertensa e hiperlipidémica, neurológicamente asintomática, con hallazgo de aneurisma de carótida interna derecha en el contexto de una arteria elongada, estenosis moderada ostial y oclusión de arteria carótida interna contralateral. Se realiza resección de aneurisma con anastomosis término terminal, endarterectomía del ostium y angioplastía con parche. Su evolución fue favorable, manteniéndose asintomática y con la reconstrucción permeable a 6 meses de seguimiento en eco duplex. Discusión: La elección del manejo del ACEC va a depender de sus características morfológicas, en este caso la presencia de tortuosidad extrema de la arteria carótida interna dificultaba la posibilidad de manejo endovascular, pero facilitaba la resección del aneurisma con anastomosis primaria término terminal. Conclusión: La aneurismectomía y reconstrucción es una modalidad de manejo disponible para los ACEC.

Introduction: Extracranial carotid artery aneurysms (ECAA) are rare compared to occlusive disease, less than 1% of all arterial aneurysms and only 10% are considered true aneurysms. Clinical case: A 84-year-old female, active and in excellent general health, with a prior history significant only for hypertension and hyperlipidemia was referred for a right internal carotid artery aneurysm and elongation in the context of contralateral internal carotid artery occlusion. The patient denied neurologic symptoms. Resection of the aneurysm and end-to-end anastomosis, endarterectomy of the ostium and patch angioplasty was performed. The patient had an uneventful recovery, remaining asymptomatic and the reconstruction patent on duplex scan at 6 month follow up. Discussion: The choice of repair alternatives for EICA depend on its morphological characteristics. The presence of extreme tortuosity of the internal carotid artery in this case, on one hand make difficult to consider endovascular alternatives, but facilitates aneurysm resection and primary end-to-end anastomosis. Conclusion: Aneurysmectomy and arterial reconstruction is a treatment alternative for EICA repair.

Hernia de la línea arcuata, una patología poco difundida

La hernia de la línea arcuata (HLA), es una entidad claramente reconocida, sin embargo, existen escasas publicaciones al respecto. Corresponde a un defecto en la vaina posterior del músculo recto del abdomen, separándose la línea arcuata del musculo, formando un bolsillo, lo que corresponde a un defecto inter-parietal y no una verdadera hernia. Probablemente este subdiagnosticado y sub reportado. Su relevancia es que puede constituir una parte relevante de las consultas en servicio de urgencia por dolor abdominal sin etiología demostrada1. El diagnóstico debe sospecharse ante la presencia de dolor abdominal de tipo orgánico, sin otra etiología demostrada. Se confirma con imágenes, especialmente la tomografía computada. El tratamiento, apoyándose en lo reportado en la literatura, sugiere que la vía laparoscópica sería de elección. A continuación, analizamos la anatomía de la linea arcuata, la presentación clínica de esta afección, sus hallazgos imagenológicos, quirúrgicos, y las diferentes alternativas de tratamiento que se han propuesto en la literatura.

The arcuate line hernia is a clearly recognized entity, but of which little is mentioned. It corresponds to a defect in the posterior wall of the rectus abdominis, separating the arcuate line of the muscle, forming a pocket, which corresponds to an interparietal defect and not a true hernia. It is probably underdiagnosed and underreported. Its relevance is that it can constitute a significant part of the consultations in the emergency department for abdominal pain without proven etiology. The diagnosis should be suspected in the presence of organic abdominal pain, with no other proven etiology. It is confirmed with images, especially computed tomography. The treatment, based on what has been reported in the literature, suggests that the laparoscopic approach should be the choice. We analyze the anatomy of the arcuate line, its clinical presentation, imaging and surgical findings, and the different treatment alternatives that have been proposed in the literature.

Perfil molecular de cáncer de endometrio en mujeres de Bogotá D.C., Colombia

Introducción: El cáncer de endometrio ocupa el sexto lugar en incidencia del cáncer en mujeres. La caracterización molecular de este cáncer permite optimizar la estratificación de riesgo para mejorar el tratamiento de las pacientes. Objetivo: Determinar el perfil molecular TCGA de pacientes con cáncer de endometrio en Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. Método: Estudio descriptivo en una cohorte de pacientes con cáncer de endometrio. Las mutaciones en los exones 9 a 14 del gen POLE fueron identificadas mediante amplificación por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, seguida de secuenciación Sanger y análisis bioinformático. La expresión de las proteínas MMR y p53 se identificó mediante inmunohistoquímica. Resultados: Se incluyeron 40 pacientes con una mediana de edad de 66 años. El 15% presentaron mutaciones en el dominio exonucleasa de POLE. El 32% de las pacientes que no presentaron mutaciones manifestaron deficiencia en el sistema MMR. El 43,47% de las pacientes sin mutaciones en POLE ni alteración del sistema MMR presentaron alteración de la proteína p53. Conclusiones: La población de cáncer de endometrio analizada presenta un perfil molecular TCGA similar a lo reportado para otras poblaciones.

Introduction: Endometrial cancer ranks sixth in cancer incidence among women. Its molecular characterization allows for a more precise risk stratification with the aim of improving patient treatment. Objective: To determine the TCGA molecular profile of patients with endometrial cancer in Bogota, Colombia. Method: A descriptive study of a cohort of patients with endometrial cancer. The expression of MMR proteins and p53 was identified through immunohistochemistry. Mutations in exons 9 to 14 of the POLE gene were identified through polymerase chain reaction amplification, followed by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Results: Forty patients were included in the study, with a median age of 66 years, 15% of them exhibited mutations in the exonuclease domain of POLE, while 32% of patients without mutations showed deficiency in the MMR system. Forty three percent of patients without mutations in POLE or MMR alterations showed aberrant p53 protein expression. Conclusions: The analyzed population of endometrial cancer presents a TCGA molecular profile similar to that reported for other populations.

Use of botulinum toxin type A in the prehabilitation of abdominal wall musculature for hernia repair: a consensus proposal.

The prehabilitation of the abdominal wall through the infiltration of botulinum toxin type A, which induces temporary chemical denervation ("chemical component separation") in the lateral abdominal musculature, is a common practice in units specialized in abdominal wall surgery. However, its use for this indication is currently off-label. The main objective of this article is to describe a consensus proposal regarding indications, contraindications, dosages employed, potential side effects, administration method, and measurement of possible outcomes. Additionally, a proposal for an informed consent document endorsed by the Abdominal Wall Section of the Spanish Association of Surgeons is attached.

La importancia de evaluar el daño al DNA / The Importance of Assessing DNA Damage

Resumen Se calcula que el cuerpo humano está conformado por billones de células, las cuales sufren cientos de miles de lesiones al día en su DNA. Aunque el DNA no es la única biomolécula que sufre daños, su importancia radica en que es la única que no puede ser sustituida por la célula, así que, cuando esta sufre daños, la célula debe repararlos, tolerarlos o, en el caso extremo, activar las vías que la llevarán a la muerte, ya que lo importante es mantener la integridad celular y la homeostasis del organismo. Hay miles de agentes que pueden dañar al DNA, algunos los produce la misma célula y se les denomina 'agentes endógenos', mientras que otros son agentes externos y se les conoce como 'agentes exógenos'. La célula no puede evitar el daño causado por los agentes endógenos, ya que son productos de la actividad metabólica, por ejemplo; así que, cuando suceden se activan de forma inmediata los mecanismos celulares para mitigarlos. Lo mismo pasa con los daños causados por agentes exógenos, ya que la célula hará todo lo posible por disminuir los efectos adversos que pueden causar. El problema se pone de manifiesto cuando la célula no puede reparar los daños o los repara mal o son tantos que los mecanismos de reparación se ven rebasados, es entonces cuando el daño permanece en el DNA y se genera un estado de inestabilidad cromosómica que puede conducir a la célula a la disfunción y a la malignización. Este estado de inestabilidad cromosómica se puede ver reflejado en el aumento de rompimientos de DNA o de micronúcleos en las células expuestas, lo que se puede cuantificar por medio de métodos especiales como el 'Ensayo Cometa' y el 'Ensayo de Micronúcleos', ya que identificar el daño en el DNA es una forma de evaluar el potencial tóxico que tienen los agentes a los que están expuestas las poblaciones, permite conocer los mecanismos de acción que tienen y, además, ayuda a comprender los factores que influyen en el detrimento de la salud poblacional.

Abstract It is estimated that the human body is made of trillions of cells, which suffer hundreds of thousands of DNA lesions every day. Although DNA is not the only biomolecule that suffers damage, its importance lies in the fact that it is the only biomolecule that cannot be replaced by the cell, so when it suffers damage, the cell must repair it, tolerate or, in a extreme case, activate pathways that will lead to death, since the objective is to maintain cell integrity and the homeostasis of the organism.There are thousands of agents that can damage DNA, some are produced by the cell and are called 'endogenous, while others are external agents and are known as 'exogenous. The cell cannot avoid the damage caused by endogenous agents, since they are products of its metabolic activity, for example, so when they occur, cellular mechanisms are immediately activated to mitigate them. The same happens with the damage caused by exogenous agents, since the cell will do everything possible to diminish the adverse effects they can cause. The problem becomes apparent when the cell is unable to repair the damage or poorly repairs it, or repairs so much that the mechanisms are overwhelmed, when the damage remains in the DNA and a state of chromosomal instability is generated that can lead the cell to dysfunction and malignization. This state of chromosomal instability can be reflected in increased DNA breaks or micronuclei in exposed cells, which can be quantified by special methods such as the 'Comet Assay' and the 'Micronucleus Assay'. Since identifying DNA damage is a way of evaluating the toxic potential of the agents to which populations are exposed, it allows us to know their mechanisms of action and helps to understand the factors that influence the detriment in population's health.

[Translated article] Efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in rotator cuff repair: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the efficacy and safety after the application of platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) as an adjuvant in arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A bibliographic search of the literature of prospective studies with level of evidence one or two was carried out from January 2004 to December 2021, including studies that compare the functional and re-tear results after arthroscopic cuff repair rotator with or without PRP. RESULTS: A total of 281 articles were identified, of which 14 met the inclusion criteria. The overall re-rupture rate was 24%. In the PRP group, a decrease in the re-rupture rate and better functional results were demonstrated, although these differences were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant treatment with PRP has shown promising results, although there is not yet enough evidence to provide a clear advantage for routine use in clinical practice.

Preprocedural transthoracic echocardiography for predicting outcomes of transcatheter edge-to-edge repair for chronic primary mitral regurgitation.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Limited data exist on the prognostic usefulness of transthoracic echocardiography preceding MitraClip for chronic primary mitral regurgitation (MR). We evaluated the predictive ability of transthoracic echocardiography in this setting. METHODS: A total of 410 patients (median age, 83 years, 60.7% males) were included in the study. The primary outcome was the 1-year composite of all-cause mortality or heart failure hospitalization. Secondary endpoints encompassed individual elements of the primary outcome, the persistence of significant functional impairment or above-moderate MR at 1 year, and above-mild MR at 1-month. RESULTS: The only parameter associated with the risk of the primary outcome was a ventricular end systolic diameter index of ≥2.1 cm/m2, corresponding to the cohort's 4th quartile (HR, 2.44; 95%CI, 1.09-4.68; P=.022). Concurrently, higher left atrial volume index (LAVi) and a mid-diastolic medial-lateral mitral annular diameter (MAD) equal to or above the cohort's median of 32.2mm were linked to a higher probability of death and heart failure hospitalization, respectively. LAVi of ≥ 60mL/m2, above-mild mitral annular calcification, and above-moderate tricuspid regurgitation conferred higher odds of functional class III-IV or above-moderate MR persistence. All variables except LAVi and MAD, as well as indexed mid-diastolic medial-lateral MAD of ≥ 20.2mm/m2 and mitral effective regurgitant orifice area of ≥ 0.40 cm2, were associated with greater-than-mild MR at 1 month. CONCLUSIONS: Preprocedural increased indexed left heart dimensions, mainly left ventricular end-systolic diameter index, MAD, mitral annular calcification, mitral effective regurgitant orifice area, and tricuspid regurgitation mark a less favorable course post-MitraClip for chronic primary MR.

Cirugia de la insuficiencia tricuspidea

La valvulopatía tricuspídea es considerada frecuente y sobre todo en pacientes con afectación mitral, habiendo sido sostenidamente objeto de controversias, tanto en la selección de la correcta actuación terapéutica, como del momento apropiado de su ejecución. Aunque la válvula tricúspide es afectada por estenosis, predominantemente es asiento de lesión tipo insuficiencia, que significa paso retrógrado de sangre desde el ventrículo derecho (VD) a la aurícula derecha durante la sístole. Puede ser primaria (orgánica) o secundaria (funcional), relacionada a dilatación/disfunción ventricular derecha, dilatación anular, tracción de sus valvas e hipertensión arterial pulmonar. La ecocardiografía tridimensional (3D) y la resonancia magnética cardiaca al permitir cuantificar con mayor precisión el tamaño del VD y la función sistólica, han permitido actuaciones terapéuticas más tempranas y con mejores resultados, que incluyen la reparación valvular tricuspídea, sustitución valvular y diversas modalidades de técnicas transcatéter. Con estas consideraciones, presentamos a consideración de ustedes el estado actual de la cirugía en la insuficiencia tricuspídea.

Tricuspid valve disease is considered common and especially in patients with mitral involvement, having been the subject of sustained controversy, both in the selection of the correct therapeutic action and the appropriate moment of its execution. Although the tricuspid valve is affected by stenosis, it is predominantly the seat of an insufficiency-type lesion, which means retrograde passage of blood from the right ventricle (RV) to the right atrium during systole. It can be primary (organic) or secondary (functional), related to right ventricular dilation/dysfunction, annular dilation, traction of its leaflets and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Three- dimensional (3D) echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance, by allowing more precise quantification of RV size and systolic function, have allowed earlier therapeutic actions with better results, which include tricuspid valve repair, valve replacement and various modalities of transcatheter techniques. With these considerations, we present for your consideration the current state of surgery in tricuspid regurgitation.

Reparación percutánea de insuficiencia mitral primaria con técnica borde a borde: primer reporte de caso en Uruguay

La insuficiencia mitral (IM) es una enfermedad frecuente. La degeneración mixomatosa es la principal causa de IM primaria en los países desarrollados. Si no se corrige, conduce a la disfunción ventricular y a la insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva, con elevada morbimortalidad. La cirugía de reparación valvular es el tratamiento recomendado en la IM primaria severa y sintomática. En los pacientes con alto riesgo quirúrgico las opciones terapéuticas son limitadas. El surgimiento de la reparación percutánea borde a borde ha permitido ofrecer alternativas terapéuticas para estos pacientes, y se han demostrado buenos resultados. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente añoso con IM primaria severa. Por su elevado riesgo quirúrgico se optó por realizar reparación percutánea con técnica borde a borde, con excelentes resultados clínicos y ecocardiográficos. Se trata del primer reporte de caso de estas características en nuestro país.

Summary: Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common disease. Myxomatous degeneration is the main cause of primary MR in developed countries. If not corrected, it leads to ventricular dysfunction and congestive heart failure, with high morbidity and mortality. Valve repair surgery is the recommended treatment for severe and symptomatic primary MR. In patients with high surgical risk, therapeutic options are limited. The emergence of edge-to-edge percutaneous repair has made it possible to offer therapeutic alternatives for these patients, and good results have been demonstrated. We present the clinical case of an elderly patient with severe primary MR. Due to his high surgical risk, it was decided to perform percutaneous repair with edge-to-edge technique, with excellent clinical and echocardiographic results. It is the first case report of these characteristics in our country.

A regurgitação mitral (RM) é uma doença frequente. A degeneração mixomatosa é a principal causa de RM primária em países desenvolvidos. Se não for corrigido, leva à disfunção ventricular e insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, com alta morbimortalidade. A cirurgia de reparo valvular é o tratamento recomendado na RM primária grave. Em pacientes com alto risco cirúrgico, as opções terapêuticas são limitadas. O surgimento do reparo percutâneo com plicatura dos segmentos é uma opção terapêutica alternativa, com bons resultados demonstrados. Apresentamos o caso clínico de um paciente doente por RM primária grave. Devido ao seu alto risco cirúrgico, optou-se pela correção percutânea com técnica "edge-to-edge", com excelentes resultados clínicos e ecocardiográficos. Este é o primeiro caso publicado com a técnica em Uruguai.

Robotic transversus abdominis release: A paradigm shift in complex abdominal wall surgery?

Abdominal wall reconstruction techniques have evolved significantly over the last fifty years and continue to do so at an increasing pace. Beginning with open incisional hernia repair with bilateral rectus myofascial release, multiple techniques to offset tension at the midline by exploring options of layered myofascial release have been described. This article reviews the history, technique, advancements, and future of myofascial release in abdominal wall reconstruction leading from the open Rives-Stoppa repair to the robotic-assisted iteration of the transversus abdominis release.

Laparoscopic TAPP to treat inguinal hernia. Is the robot preferable? A review and cohort-study on anatomical landmarks of robotic-assisted transabdominal preperitoneal groin hernia repair (r-TAPP).

In this review, the advantages of the robotic platform in rTAPP are presented and discussed. Against the background of the unchanged results of conventional TAPP for decades (approx. 10% chronic pain and approx. 3.5% recurrence), a new anatomy-guided concept for endoscopic inguinal hernia repair with the robot is presented. The focus is on the identification of Hesselbach's ligament. The current results give hope that the results of TAPP can be improved by rTAPP and that rTAPP is not just a more expensive version of conventional TAPP. To support the rationale presented here, we analyzed 132 video recordings of rTAPP's for the anatomical structures depicted therein. The main finding is, that in all cases (132/132 or 100%) Hesselbach's ligament was present and following its lateral continuity with the ileopubic tract offered a safe framework to develop all the critical anatomical structures for clearing the myopectineal orifice, repair the posterior wall of the groin and perform a flawless mesh fixation. Future studies are needed to integrate all the resources of the robotic platform into an rTAPP concept that will lead out of the stalemate of the indisputably high rate of chronic pain and recurrences.

Recurrence after retromuscular repair or posterior components separation: How to address them. A retrospective multicentre cohort study.

Abdominal wall hernias are common entities that represent important issues. Retromuscular repair and component separation for complex abdominal wall defects are considered useful treatments according to both short and long-term outcomes. However, failure of surgical techniques may occur. The aim of this study is to analyze results of surgical treatment for hernia recurrence after prior retromuscular or posterior components separation. We have retrospectively reviewed patient charts from a prospectively maintained database. This study was conducted in three different hospitals of the Madrid region with surgical units dedicated to abdominal wall reconstruction. We have included in the database 520 patients between December 2014 and December 2021. Fifty-one patients complied with the criteria to be included in this study. We should consider offering surgical treatment for hernia recurrence after retromuscular repair or posterior components separation. However, the results might be associated to increased peri-operative complications.

Inteligencia emocional y resiliencia en universitarios: Influencia de la cultura, del género y del deporte competitivo / Inteligência emocional e resiliência em universitários: Influência da cultura, gênero e de desporto competitivo / Emotional intelligence and resilience in university students: Influence of culture, gender, and competitive sport

La Inteligencia Emocional (IE) permite identificar y manejar las propias emociones y reconocer las de los demás impactando en la satisfacción vital y bienestar psicológico; a su vez, la resiliencia permite superar adversidades, siendo procesos importantes en el ámbito universitario. Los objetivos de esta investigación consistieron en describir la IE en sus factores atención, claridad, reparación emocional, y resiliencia en estudiantes universitarios y compararlas en función del país (México y España), género y práctica deportiva con fines competitivos. Participaron 423 estudiantes universitarios (M = 22.83; DT = 4.71; 49% mexicanos, 51% españoles; 66.5% mujeres, 32.3% hombres, 1.2% no binarios; 17.5% practican deporte con fines competitivos). A través de un diseño descriptivo, comparativo transversal no probabilístico y transcultural, se completaron los cuestionarios de Escala Rasgo de Metaconocimiento Emocional (TMMS-24) y Escala de Resiliencia Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC). Los hallazgos principales de la prueba t-Student fueron diferencias significativas en: 1) reparación emocional, donde los universitarios de México presentan medias mayores (t = 2.23); 2) atención emocional, reparación emocional y resiliencia en función del género (t = 2.57, -3.46, -4.42); y 3) reparación emocional y resiliencia en función de la práctica de deporte con fines competitivos (t = -2.08, -3.36). El MANOVA reveló significancia en el cruce por país y deporte (F = 3.22). Estos resultados sugieren que la IE y la resiliencia en universitarios, se ven influidas por el país, el género y la práctica de deporte con fines competitivos, aportando evidencia para futuras líneas de investigación transcultural de la IE en el deporte.(AU)

Emotional Intelligence (EI) allows to identify and manage own emotions and recognize them in others impacting on life satisfaction and psychological well-being; on the other hand, resilience allows overcoming adversities, being importantprocesses in the university environment. Therefore, the aims of this research were to describe EI in its emotional attention, clarity and repair factors, and resilience in university students and to compare them depending on the country (Mexico and Spain), gender, and sports practice for competitive purposes. A total of 423 university students participated (M = 22,83; SD = 4,71; 49% Mexican, 51% Spanish; 66.5% women, 32.3% men, 1.2% non-binary; 17.5% practice sports for competitive purposes). Through a descriptive, comparative cross-sectional non-probabilistic, and cross-cultural design, it was completed the Emotional Meta-knowledge Trait Scale (TMMS-24) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) questionnaires. The main findings of the t-Student test were significant differences in 1) emotional repair where university students in Mexico present higher means (t = 2.23); 2) emotional attention, emotional repair, and resilience based on gender (t = 2.57, -3.46, -4.42); and 3) emotional repair and resilience depending on the practice of sport for competitive purposes (t = -2.08, -3.36). The MANOVA revealed significance in the crossover by country and sport (F = 3.22). These results suggest that EI and resilience in university students are influenced by the country, gender, and the practice of sports for competitive purposes, providing evidence for future lines of cross-cultural research on EI in sports. (AU)

A Inteligência Emocional (IE) permite identificar e gerir as próprias emoções e reconhecê-las nos outros impactando na satisfação com a vida e no bem-estar psicológico. Por outro lado, a resiliência permite a superação das adversidades, sendo processos importantes no ambiente universitário. Portanto, os objetivos deste estudo consistiram em descrever a IE nos seus factores atenção, clareza e reparação emocional, e resiliência nos estudantes universitários e compará-los de acordo com o país (México e Espanha), géneroe prática desportiva competitiva. Um total de 423 estudantes universitários (M = 22,83; DT = 4,71; 49% mexicanos, 51% espanhóis; 66,5% femininos, 32,3% masculinos, 1,2% não binários; 17,5% praticantes de desporto para fins competitivos) participaram nesteestudo. Por meio de um delineamento descritivo, comparativo, transversal, não probabilístico e transcultural, foram preenchidos os questionários Escala de Traços de Metaconhecimento Emocional (TMMS-24) e Escala de Resiliência de Connor-Davidson (CD-RISC).Os principais resultados a partir do teste t de Student foram os seguintes: diferenças significativas nareparação emocional com estudantes universitários mexicanos com meios mais elevados (t = 2.23);atenção emocional, reparação emocional e resiliênciaem função do sexo (t = 2.57, -3.46, -4.42); e reparação emocional e resiliência em função da prática desportiva de competição (t = 2.08, -3.36). A MANOVA revelou diferenças significativas no cruzamento por país e por desporto (F = 3,22). Estes resultados sugerem que a IE e a resiliência em estudantes universitários são influenciadas pelo país, gênero e prática desportiva para fins competitivos, fornecendo evidências para futuras linhas de investigação transcultural sobre IE no desporto. (AU)

Comparative Assessment of Contact Osteogenesis at the Titanium Implant-Bone Junction in Male Rabbits with Dissimilar Femoral Defects / Evaluación Comparativa de la Osteogénesis de Contacto en la Unión entre el Hueso y el Implante de Titanio en Conejos Macho con Defectos Femorales Diferentes

SUMMARY: Traumatized bone tissue has the capacity to repair itself so that it eventually regains its almost original form, even in the case of artificially inserted implants. The process that stays at the base of the regeneration is represented by osteogenesis or remote osteogenesis. The major difference between the two types of bone formation is the location of the cement line, which is located on the surface of the implant for contact osteogenesis and on the surface of the bone defect for remote osteogenesis. The aim of the present study was to assess the contact osteogenesis in the case of inserted titanium screws in holes with diameters of 1.8 mm and 1 mm respectively. The obtained results show, in the case of the groove with 1.8 mm that the newly proliferated bone represents 73.85 % of the total area, while in the case of the groove with 1 mm in diameter the value of the newly proliferated bone is 26.15 %. In conclusion, the insertion of titanium screws by self-tapping into the hole smaller than the core of the screw is accompanied by bone proliferation by contact osteogenesis much more modest than in the case of insertion into the hole larger than the core of the screw.

El tejido óseo traumatizado tiene la capacidad de reparar en forma espontánea, de modo que eventualmente recupera su forma casi original, incluso en el caso de implantes insertados artificialmente. El proceso que queda en la base de la regeneración está representado por la osteogénesis u osteogénesis a distancia. La principal diferencia entre los dos tipos de formación ósea es la ubicación de la línea de cemento, que se encuentra en la superficie del implante para la osteogénesis de contacto y en la superficie del defecto óseo para la osteogénesis remota. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la osteogénesis de contacto en el caso de tornillos de titanio insertados en forámenes con diámetros de 1,8 mm y 1 mm respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos muestran, en el caso del surco de 1,8 mm que el hueso neoproliferado representa el 73,85 % del área total, mientras que en el caso del surco de 1 mm de diámetro el valor del hueso neoproliferado es del 26,15 %. En conclusión, la inserción de tornillos de titanio por autorroscantes en el foramen menor que el núcleo del tornillo se acompaña de una proliferación ósea por osteogénesis de contacto mucho más modesta que en el caso de la inserción en el foramen mayor que el núcleo del tornillo.

Manejo del aneurisma de aorta abdominal sintomático no roto: últimos adelanto / Management of symptomatic unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms: state of the art

RESUMEN El aneurisma de aorta abdominal (AAA) sintomático no roto es una patología que involucra a aquellos pacientes con AAA intacto, pero que presentan dolor abdominal y/o lumbar atribuido al aneurisma. Esta forma de presentación clínica es po tencialmente mortal dado que su etiopatogenia comprende cambios agudos en la pared aórtica, incluyendo inflamación, lo que incrementa la probabilidad de ruptura inminente. Está claro que estos pacientes deben ser derivados a reparación del AAA. Sin embargo, el momento de la intervención es controvertido. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue revisar la información actualizada sobre el abordaje diagnóstico-terapéutico del AAA sintomático no roto.

ABSTRACT Symptomatic unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) refers to a group of patients with intact AAA but who present abdominal and/or lumbar pain attributed to the aneurysm. This form of clinical presentation is potentially fatal since its etiopathogenesis, involving acute changes in the aortic wall, including inflammation, increases the probability of impending rupture. It is clear that these patients should be referred to AAA repair. However, the timing of the intervention is contro versial. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to review updated information on the diagnostic-therapeutic approach of symptomatic unruptured AAA.

Electrochemical Studies of Magnesium Coated with Modified Chitosan and Electrosprayed as an Anticorrosive Protection Method in Bone Repair / Estudios Electroquímicos del Magnesio Recubierto con Quitosano Modificado y Electrorociado como Proceso de Protección Anticorrosiva en la Reparación de Hueso

ABSTRACT Magnesium (Mg) is essential for the metabolic reactions of the human body and is known for its biocompatibility, its mechanical and physical properties are similar to human bone, which is why it is considered to have high potential in biomedical applications such as temporary and resorbable implants. Through surface modifications, the high tendency to corrosion of Mg could be controlled, such as biodegradable membranes that prevent the passage of chloride ions present in the human organism. To prepare the membrane, solutions of chitosan modified with gelatin and/or glutaraldehyde are used and by means of the electrospray method applied to protect the Mg. To simulate body fluid conditions a Kokubo saline solution (BFK) was prepared. The study focuses on evaluating the corrosion rate of Mg with a coating made of a chitosan electrosprayed membrane, applying electrochemical measurements of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linear polarization resistance. The key additive to improve the behavior of the membranes was observed with the use of gelatin, where the membrane with the best results lowing corrosion rates is the Mg CH+GE+GL system, which it was observed with very good physical integrity in the images of morphological analyzes of the surface after 30 days of exposure.

RESUMEN El magnesio (Mg) es esencial para las reacciones metabólicas del cuerpo humano y es conocido por su biocompatibilidad, sus propiedades mecánicas y físicas son similares a las del hueso humano, por lo que se considera que tiene un alto potencial en aplicaciones biomédicas como implantes temporales y reabsorbibles. Mediante modificaciones superficiales se podría controlar la alta tendencia a la corrosión del Mg, como por ejemplo membranas biodegradables que impidan el paso de iones cloruro presentes en el organismo humano. Para preparar la membrana se utilizan soluciones de quitosano modificado con grenetina y/o glutaraldehído y mediante el método de electrorociado se aplican para proteger el Mg. Para simular las condiciones de los fluidos corporales se preparó una solución salina de Kokubo. El estudio se enfoca en evaluar la velocidad de corrosión del Mg con un recubrimiento hecho de una membrana electrorociada con quitosano, aplicando técnicas electroquímicas de espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica y resistencia de polarización lineal. El aditivo clave para mejorar el comportamiento de las membranas se observó con el uso de gelatina, donde la membrana con mejores resultados bajando los índices de corrosión es el sistema Mg CH+GR+GL, el cual se observó con muy buena integridad física en las imágenes de análisis morfológicos de la superficie después de 30 días de exposición.

Novel Studies in the Designs of Natural, Synthetic, and Compound Hydrogels with Biomedical Applications / Novedosos Estudios en el Diseño de Hidrogeles Naturales, Sintéticos y Compuestos con Aplicaciones Biomédicas

ABSTRACT Hydrogels are gaining widespread popularity in the biomedical field due to their extraordinary properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, zero toxicity, easy processing, and similarity to physiological tissue. They have applications in controlled drug release, wound dressing, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Among these applications, hydrogels as a controlled drug delivery system stands out, which releases active substances in precise amounts and at specific times. To explore the latest advances in the design of hydrogels, a literature review of articles published in indexed scientific journals, in Scopus and Science Direct, was carried out. This review aimed to discover and describe the most innovative hydrogel research with applications in the biomedical field; hydrogels synthesized with polymers of different origins were selected, such as; i. Natural (dextran, agarose, chitosan, etc.); ii. Synthetic (polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.); iii. Composites (interpenetrants, hybrid crosslinkers, nanocomposites, etc.). Comparative analysis revealed that hydrogels with composite materials show the most promise. These composite hydrogels combine the advantages of different polymers or incorporate additional components, offering enhanced properties and functionalities. In summary, hydrogels are versatile biomaterials with immense potential in biomedicine. Their unique properties make them suitable for diverse applications. However, innovative designs and formulations must continue to be explored to further advance the capabilities of hydrogels and expand their biomedical applications.

RESUMEN Los hidrogeles están ganando una extensa popularidad en el campo biomédico gracias a que presentan propiedades extraordinarias como biocompatibilidad, biodegradabilidad, nula toxicidad, fácil procesamiento, y similitud con el tejido fisiológico. tienen aplicaciones en la liberación controlada de fármacos, el vendaje de heridas, la ingeniería de tejidos y la medicina regenerativa. Entre estas aplicaciones, destaca el uso de hidrogeles como sistema de administración controlada de fármacos, que liberan sustancias activas en cantidades precisas y en momentos concretos. Para explorar los últimos avances en el diseño de hidrogeles, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos publicados en revistas científicas indexadas, en Scopus y Science Direct. El objetivo de esta revisión fue descubrir y describir las investigaciones de hidrogeles más innovadoras con aplicaciones en el campo biomédico, se seleccionaron hidrogeles sintetizados con polímeros de diferente índole como; i. Naturales (dextrano, agarosa, quitosano, etc.); ii. Sintéticos (poliacrilamida, polietilenglicol, alcohol polivinílico, etc); iii. Compuestos (interpenetrantes, reticulantes híbridos, nanocompuestos, etc.). El análisis comparativo reveló que los hidrogeles que utilizan materiales compuestos son los más prometedores. Estos hidrogeles compuestos combinan las ventajas de distintos polímeros o incorporan componentes adicionales, ofreciendo propiedades y funcionalidades mejoradas. En resumen, los hidrogeles son biomateriales versátiles con un inmenso potencial en biomedicina. Sus propiedades únicas los hacen adecuados para diversas aplicaciones, sin embargo, se debe seguir explorando diseños y formulaciones innovadores para seguir avanzando en las capacidades de los hidrogeles y ampliar sus aplicaciones biomédicas.

Observing and interpreting clinical process: Methods and findings from 'Layered analysis' of parent-infant psychotherapy.

This paper describes a method for investigating clinical process, Layered Analysis, which combines therapist countertransference reports and multi-faceted microanalytic research approaches. Findings from the application of Layered Analysis to video-recorded micro-events of rupture and repair in four psychoanalytic parent-infant psychotherapy sessions are presented. Layered analysis showed that countertransference and observation are complementary perspectives, which enable concomitant study of interactive events, conscious internal experiences, as well as nonconscious and unconscious elements of therapeutic interaction. Interactional rupture and repair were found to constitute co-constructed micro-events that occurred fleetingly and often implicitly, and differed in the structure, coherence and flow of interactions and in the relationship between verbal and nonverbal communication. Furthermore, interactional ruptures were found to sometimes 'get into' the therapist and transiently disrupt their self-organization, such that the therapist became a locus of disruption for the patient(s), actively contributing to the rupture, which thus became embedded in the therapeutic system. Interactive repair was found to be most often initiated by the therapist and to be underpinned by the therapist re-establishing self-regulation, through metabolizing embodied and verbal aspects of the rupture. Studying such processes can enhance our understanding of clinical process, inform therapist training and clinical supervision, and contribute to clinical outcomes.

Este ensayo describe un método para investigar un proceso clínico, Análisis en Capas, el cual combina los reportes de contratransferencia del terapeuta y los acercamientos investigativos micro analíticos multifacéticos. Se presentan los resultados de aplicar Análisis en Capas a micro eventos, grabados en video, de ruptura y reparación en cuatro sesiones de sicoterapia sicoanalítica de progenitor e infante. Los Análisis en capas mostraron que la contratransferencia y la observación son perspectivas complementarias que, en combinación, permiten el estudio concomitante de eventos interactivos, experiencias internas conscientes, así como elementos no conscientes de la interacción terapéutica. Adicionalmente, los resultados mostraron que la ruptura y la reparación constituyen micro eventos co-construidos que ocurren muy fugazmente y a menudo implícitamente, y que difieren en la estructura, coherencia, flujo de interacciones y en la relación entre la comunicación verbal y no verbal. Es más, rupturas interaccionales pueden 'meterse en' el terapeuta y transitoriamente interrumpir su autoorganización, de manera que el terapeuta se convierte en un punto de interrupción para el paciente y la ruptura pasa a ser parte del sistema terapéutico. La reparación interactiva está sostenida por, y depende de, la metabolización del terapeuta de los aspectos incorporados y verbales de la ruptura. Estudiar tales procesos puede mejorar nuestra comprensión del proceso clínico y ser usado en entrenamiento y supervisión de terapeutas.

Cet article décrit une méthode d'investigation du processus clinique d'Analyse Multidimensionnelle en Couches, qui combine des rapports de contre-transfert du thérapeute et des approches de recherche micro-analytique à facettes multiples. Les résultats de l'application de l'analyse multidimensionnelle en couches à des micro-événements enregistrés à la vidéo de rupture et de réparation dans quatre séances de psychothérapie psychanalytiques parent bébé sont présentés. L'analyse multidimensionnelle en couches a montré que le contre-transfert et l'observation sont des perspectives complémentaires qui, combinés l'un avec l'autre, permettent une étude concomitante d'événements interactifs, d'expériences internes conscientes et d'éléments non-conscients de l'interaction thérapeutique. De plus, les résultats ont montré que la rupture et la réparation constituent des micro-événements co-construits, qui se passent très fugacement et souvent implicitement et diffèrent en structure, cohérence et flux des interactions et dans la relation entre la communication verbale et non verbale. Enfin les ruptures interactionnelles peuvent 'entrer' dans le thérapeute et perturber de façon transitoire leur auto-organisation, de telle manière que le thérapeute devient le locus de la perturbation pour le/la/les patient(e/s) et la rupture s'encastre dans le système thérapeutique. La réparation interactive est étayée par, et elle en dépend également, la métabolisation d'aspects verbaux et incarnés de la rupture du thérapeute. L'étude de tels processus peut améliorer notre compréhension du processus clinique et être utilisée dans la formation et la supervision des thérapeutes.