RESUMO
ABSTRACT Aim: This study investigated how Colombian dentists with different academic levels indicate antibiotics with therapeutic purposes in endodontics. Materials and method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 559 dentists in the form of an online questionnaire. Results: Three hundred and twenty questionnaires were answered (57.2%). There were significant differences among respondents. For irreversible pulpitis, 140 dentists (43.7%) said they prescribe antibiotics (57.5% of general practitioners, 20.1% of specialists and 38.9% of those with Master's and/or PhD degrees), while for symptomatic apical periodontitis, 183 (57.2%) did so (74.1% of general practitioners, 28.4% of specialists and 50.0% of those with Master's and/or PhD degrees) (p < 0.05). Amoxicillin was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic, and its association with clavulanic acid was the most often cited for acute periradicular abscess with systemic involvement. Conclusions: The greatest misunderstandings in prescribing antibiotics occurred among general practitioners. Considering all clinical conditions that do not require antibiotics, 60% of general practitioners and 34% of specialists, on average, indicated antibiotics.
RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo investigou como dentistas colombianos com diferentes níveis acadêmicos indicaram antibióticos com fins terapêuticos em Endodontia. Materiais e método: Realizou-se um levantamento transversal com 559 dentistas. Foi enviado um questionário online. Resultados: Foram respondidos 320 questionários (57,2%). Houve diferenças significativas entre os profissionais com diferentes níveis de formação. Para pulpite irreversível, 140 (43,7%) dentistas afirmaram indicar antibióticos (57,5% clínicos gerais, 20,1% especialistas e 38,9% com mestrado e/ou doutorado), enquanto para periodontite apical sintomática, 183 (57,2%) prescrevem estes medicamentos (74,1% clínicos, 28,4% especialistas e 50,0% com mestrado e doutorado) (p < 0,05). A amoxicilina foi a mais indicada entre os profissionais, e sua associação com ácido clavulânico foi a mais referida para abscesso perirradicular agudo com acometimento sistêmico. Conclusões: Os maiores equívocos na prescrição de antibióticos ocorreram com os clínicos gerais. Considerando todas as condições clínicas que não requerem antibióticos, 60% dos clínicos gerais e 34% dos especialistas, em média, indicaram estes medicamentos.
RESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar el impacto sobre la resistencia bacteriana de la revisión previa de la prescripción de antibióticos por parte del servicio farmacéutico en hospitales de mediana y alta complejidad del departamento del Atlántico (Colombia). Metodología: Se analizaron los valores de resistencia de bacterias Gram positivas, Enterobacterias y Gram negativos no fermentadores reportados en cinco institutos prestadores de salud (IPS) del departamento del Atlántico, en dos periodos (preintervención e intervención), de 12 meses cada uno, entre junio de 2015 y mayo de 2017. Resultados: Durante los dos periodos de estudio se identificaron 68 microorganismos en 8590 aislamientos microbiológicos provenientes de muestras de orina (40,3 %), sangre (21,7 %), tejidos (8,5 %) y otras (29,5 %). Los microorganismos aislados más frecuentemente fueron Escherichia coli (28,9 %), Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo (12,1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12,0 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11,1 %) y Staphylococcus aureus (7,2 %). Durante los dos periodos la resistencia global osciló entre 27 y 40 %. Durante la Preintervención la resistencia osciló entre el 33 y el 39 %, mientras que durante la Intervención estuvo entre el 27 y 40 %. Al comparar los periodos de estudio solo hubo disminución significativa de la resistencia en los primeros nueve meses del periodo de intervención (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: Los valores de resistencia bacteriana reportados en el periodo de intervención fueron menores que en el periodo de preintervención. Se evidenció que la revisión previa de la prescripción por parte del servicio farmacéutico en las instituciones participantes influye en una disminución significativa de la resistencia bacteriana, pero que esta debe ser tanto continua como incremental.
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the impact on bacterial resistance of the previous review of the prescription of antibiotics by the pharmaceutical service in medium and high complexity hospitals of the Department of Atlántico (Colombia). Methodology: Resistance values were analyzed for Gram-positive bacteria, Enterobacte-rial and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria reported in five health care institutions (IPS) of the Atlántico Department, in two periods (pre-intervention and intervention), of 12 months each between the months of June 2015 and May 2017. Results: During the two study periods, 68 microorganisms were identified in 8,590 microbiological isolates from urine samples (40.3 %), blood samples (21.7 %), tissues (8.5%) and others (29.5 %). The most frequently isolated microorganisms were Escherichia coli (28.9 %), Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (12.1 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.0 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.1 %) and S. aureus (7.2 %). During both periods the global resistance ranged between 27 and 40 %. During the Pre-intervention the resistance ranged between 33 and 39 %, while during the Intervention it was between 27 and 40 %. When comparing study periods, there was only significant decrease in resistance in the first nine months of the intervention period (p <0.05). Conclusions: the bacterial resistance values reported during the intervention period were lower than in the pre-intervention period. It was evidenced that the previous revision of the prescription by the pharmaceutical service in the participating institutions influences a significant decrease of the bacterial resistance; but that this must be both continuous and incremental.
