Evolución ponderal y de comorbilidades a largo plazo en pacientes intervenidos de cirugía bariátrica / Long-term outcome of weight and comorbidities in patients undergoing bariatric surgery

Objetivo: analizar la evolución de las comorbilidades mayores e índice de masa corporal a largo plazo en pacientes intervenidos de cirugía bariátrica. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo transversal sobre una muestra de 38 pacientes intervenidos de cirugía bariátrica entre los años 2008 y 2011. La muestra se compone de 32 mujeres y 6 varones, con una media de edad de 43,52 años. Las intervenciones quirúrgicas realizadas fueron 8 bandas gástricas, 8 gastrectomías verticales y 22 by-pass. Resultados: la DM mejora en un 71,43% de los casos, la HTA en 47,05%, la DL en un 75% y el SAOS en un 70%. Por encima de los 5 años de seguimiento, el 28,9% de los pacientes presenta obesidad tipo I, el 23,7% presenta sobrepeso, el 23,7% obesidad tipo II y el 23,7% obesidad tipo III. Conclusión: la cirugía bariátrica consigue la resolución de comorbilidades asociadas a la obesidad en un porcentaje muy elevado de casos, siendo la más efectiva la dislipemia. La reganancia de peso a largo plazo sigue siendo un problema en estos pacientes así como su seguimiento por encima de los 5 años.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to analyze the outcome of major comorbidities and body mass index during long-term follow-up in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Material and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 28 patients (32 women and 6 men; mean age: 43.52 years) undergoing bariatric surgery between 2008 and 2011. The surgical procedures performed were adjustable gastric banding (n =8), sleeve gastrectomy (n = 8) and gastric bypass (n = 22). Results: Diabetes mellitus was resolved in 73.43% of cases, hypertension in 47.05%, dyslipidemia in 75% and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in 70%. Five years after surgery, 28.9% of the patients had obesity class I, 23.7% had overweight, 23.7% had obesity class II and 23.7% had obesity class III. Conclusion: bariatric surgery achieves resolution of comorbidities associated with obesity in a high percentage of cases. This effect is more effective in dyslipidemia. Weight regain in the long-term and follow-up beyond five years after surgery are still pending issues.

Tumores primarios de sacro: análisis de resultados y complicaciones / Primary sacral tumors: analysis of results and complications

Resumen: Introducción: Los tumores primarios de sacro son poco frecuentes, el tratamiento en la mayoría de los casos es quirúrgico con o sin radioterapia adyuvante; los resultados oncológicos y funcionales suelen ser adversos con una tasa alta de complicaciones. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, analítico y observacional que incluye 22 casos tratados entre el 2000 y 2017, se analizaron sus características demográficas, el tipo de tratamiento en la recidiva y el resultado oncológico y funcional; asimismo, se analizó la tasa de complicaciones. Resultados: 22 pacientes fueron sometidos a sacrectomía, con abordaje posterior por cordoma (13 pacientes), tumor de células gigantes (tres pacientes) y otros (seis pacientes). Se realizaron tres sacrectomías totales, 13 sacrectomías parciales, dos hemisacrectomías y cuatro sacrectomías ampliadas. La media de duración quirúrgica fue de 229 minutos, con un sangrado promedio de 2,100 cm3, el tamaño tumoral promedio fue de 13.8 cm (6-30 cm); presentaron complicaciones 10 pacientes, ocho por infección de sitio quirúrgico, uno por hernia sacra y uno por osteomielitis. La supervivencia global fue de 44.4 meses. Discusión: El tratamiento de los tumores sacros es complejo y requiere un equipo multidisciplinario; el resultado oncológico es adecuado cuando se consiguen márgenes libres de neoplasia, los resultados funcionales estarán determinados por el tipo de resección y la tasa de complicaciones es alta; sin embargo, es la mejor alternativa de curación.

Abstract: Introduction: Primary sacral tumors are rare, treatment in most cases is surgical with or without adjuvant radiotherapy; oncology and functional results are usually adverse with a high rate of complications. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective, analytical and observational studies that includes 22 cases treated between 2000 and 2017, analyzed their characteristics demographic, the type of treatment received, and the oncological, functional results and the rate of complications were analized. Results: 22 patients were subjected to sacrectomy with posterior approah because of cordoma (13 patients), giant cell tumour (three patients) and other (six patients). Three total sacrectomies, 13 partial sacrectomies, two hemisacrectomies and four sacrectomies enlarged were performed. The mean surgical time was 229 minutes, with an average bleeding of 2,100 cm3, the average tumour size was 13.8 cm (6-30cm); 10 patients were presented with complications, eight by surgical site infection, one sacral hernia and one osteomyelitis. Overall survival was 44.4 months. Conclusions: Treatment of sacral tumors is complex, requires a multidisciplinary team; the oncological result is adequate when you get free margins of neoplasia, the functional results will be determined by the type of resection, and the rate of complications is high however is the best alternative healing in our hospital.

Results of short term radiotherapy followed by radical surgery for rectal cancer: A long-term unicenter observational study. / Resultados de la radioterapia de ciclo corto seguida de cirugía radical en el cáncer de recto: estudio unicéntrico y observacional a largo plazo.

INTRODUCTION: Short-term radiotherapy (STR) for rectal cancer (RC) has rarely been used in Spain. The aim of the present study is to describe oncological results after RTC and surgery for RC. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of patients treated with STR and surgery for RC (1999-2012). Epidemiological data, staging, complications of STR, STR-surgery interval, surgical approach, rate of anastomotic/perineal wound dehiscence, and pathological data (regression degree and staging) were collected. Global survival, disease free survival, local recurrence rate and incidence of toxicity, response and complications of combined treatment are reported. RESULTS: Of 1229 patients treated, 209 patients received STR and surgery. The median follow-up was 6.2 years. Mean age was 68 years and 66% of the patients were men. A total of 88% were cT3-4 and 44% cN+17 (8.1%) patients had resectable synchronous metastases. Acute and chronic toxicity due to STR was <5%. In 75% of the cases the STR-surgery interval was <15 days, and in 9%> 4 weeks. Seven patients (3.3%) presented complete response. Nine (4.3%) patients presented an local recurrence rate. Global survival at 5, 10 and 15 years was 67.8, 49.2 and 37.5%, respectively. Disease free survival at 5, 10 and 15 years was 66.1, 47.1 and 33%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results compare favorably with multicentric historical series. STR offers certain advantages that could be increased by increasing the STR-surgery interval and/or interspersed with sequential chemotherapy.

Cryoballoon ablation in young patients with lone paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Long-term efficacy following cryoballoon ablation of lone paroxysmal atrial fibrillation remains unknown. We describe long-term follow-up results of the single cryoballoon ablation procedure. METHODS: Pulmonary vein isolation was performed in 103 patients (72 male; median age 52 years) with symptomatic lone paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The end-point of this observational cohort study was first electrocardiogram-documented recurrence of arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation, atrial tachycardia, or atrial flutter) during the 5-year follow-up, in the absence of anti-arrhythmic treatment. RESULTS: Acute complete pulmonary vein isolation was achieved in 86% of the patients with a single cryoballoon. The 6-month, 1-year, and 5-year success rate after a single procedure was 94%, 91%, and 77%, respectively. Arrhythmia recurrence was observed in 24 cases at a median of 14.8 months [range, 8.0-16.8 months]. Thirteen symptomatic patients were well controlled on beta-blockers only. Seven symptomatic patients had anti-arrhythmic treatment (class IC in 5 patients; dronedarone in 2 patients) introduced during the blanking period. Two of them had early arrhythmia recurrence within the blanking period only; they were arrhythmia-free in further follow-up on dronedarone. The rate of complications was relatively low and included a 4.8% incidence of transient phrenic nerve palsy. CONCLUSIONS: A single cryoballoon ablation procedure for lone paroxysmal atrial fibrillation resulted in high rates of acute, medium-term, and long-term efficacy. The rate of complications is relatively low and includes a 4.8% incidence of transient phrenic nerve palsy.

Long-term results after treatment of humeral neck fractures using modified hackethal bundle nailing / Resultados a largo plazo del tratamiento de fracturas del cuello humeral usando el enclavado en haz de hacketal modificado

OBJECTIVES: This study reports the long-term surgical outcomes of elderly patients who underwent surgery using the modified Hackethal bundle nailing method on the basis of an approximately 10-year follow-up study. METHODS: We treated 34 patients (7 males, 27 females) with 2- and 3-fragment fractures of the proximal humeral neck. Their ages at the time of operation ranged from 65 to 75 years (mean age, 69.5 years). They were classified as Neer group I (G-I, 8.8%), III (G-III, 79.4%) or IV (G-IV, 11.8%). The duration of follow-up in patients averaged 130.6 months (range: 125.0 - 156.0 months). Patients were graded according to the Constant-Murley (CM) scoring system. Pre-operative and postoperative X-rays were also assessed. RESULTS: All the fractures united within 6-9 weeks, with an average of 7.4 weeks. The mean overall Constant score was 80.0points (G-I: 83.3; G-III: 80.5; G-IV: 75.6). Among the 34patients, 30 (88.2%) obtained excellent results and 4 (11.8%) obtained good results. Mal-union in the coronal plane was observed in two patients (6.28%) who had 160 degrees angulation in three part fracture. Mal-union of the greater tuberosity occurred in one patient (3.14%) leading to limitation of abduction to 90 degrees. There were no cases ofavascular necrosis, neurovascular complications or deep infections. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the modified H-technique is simple, less invasive, and a reliable and effective procedure for elderly patients.

OBJETIVO: Este estudio reporta resultados quirúrgicos a largo plazo de pacientes de edad sometidos a cirugías mediante el método de enclavado en haz de Hacketal modificado, sobre la base de un estudio de seguimiento de aproximadamente 10 años. MÉTODO: Se trataron 34 pacientes (7 varones, 27 hembras) con fracturas en dos y en tres fragmentos del húmero proximal. Sus edades al momento de la operación fluctuaban de 65 a 75 años (edad promedio, 69.5 años). Fueron clasificados como grupo I de Neer (G-I), 8.8%), III (G-III, 79.4%) o IV (G-IV, 11.8%). La duración del seguimiento en los pacientes promedió 130.6 meses (rango: 125.0-156.0 meses). Los pacientes fueron clasificados de acuerdo con el sistema de puntuación Constant-Murley (CM). También se evaluaron los rayos X preoperatorios y postoperatorios. RESULTADOS: Todas las fracturas cicatrizaron en un período de 6 - 9 semanas, para un promedio de 7.4 semanas. El promedio de la puntuación Constant general fue de 80.0 puntos (G-I: 83.3; G-III: 80.5; G-IV: 75.6). De los 34 pacientes, 30 (88.2%) obtuvieron resultados excelentes y 4 (11.8%) obtuvieron buenos resultados. Se observó una mala cicatrizaron en el plano frontal en el caso de dos pacientes (6.28%) que tenían 160 grados de angulación en una factura en tres partes. La mala cicatrización de mayor tuberosidad ocurrió en un paciente (3.14%), y condujo a una limitación de la abducción de 90 adgrados. No se produjeron casos de necrosis avascular, complicaciones neurovasculares o infecciones profundas. CONCLUSIÓN: Este estudio indica que la técnica de Hacketal modificada es simple, menos invasiva, y constituye un procedimiento confiable y efectivo para los pacientes de mayor edad.

Resultados a largo plazo de la valvuloplastía mitral percutánea con balón de Inoue: Experiencia del CMN 20 de Noviembre ISSSTE / Mitral percutaneous valvuloplasty with Inoue Balloon: Long-term results at the National Medical Center 20 de Noviembre ISSSTE, Mexico

La valvuloplastía mitral con balón de Inoue se ha convertido en los últimos 15 años en el procedimiento intervencionista de elección en pacientes con estenosis mitral con valvas flexibles y no calcificadas. En este artículo nosotros reportamos la experiencia a largo plazo de 100 pacientes a quienes se les realizó este procedimiento en nuestro hospital (CMN 20 de Noviembre ISSSTE). El promedio de seguimiento fue de 38.72 ∓ 22.4 meses. Se logró éxito en el 83.3% de los pacientes. El área valvular mitral aumento de 0.95 ∓ 0.16 a 1.62 ∓ 0.24 cm² (P < 0.001) después del procedimiento y al final del seguimiento el área fue de 1.57 ∓ 0.29 cm². El gradiente trans-valvular medio disminuyo de 8.80 ∓ 3.67 mm Hg a 4.74 ∓ 1.90 mm Hg (P < 0.001). Se presentaron complicaciones en el 7.0% de los pacientes, la más frecuente fue la insuficiencia mitral debido a ruptura de una de las valvas. No hubo decesos. Conclusiones: La valvuloplastía mitral con balón es un procedimiento efectivo en pacientes con score de Wilkins ⋜ 8, con un mínimo riesgo de complicaciones y un resultado duradero a largo plazo, con el 90% de los pacientes en clase funcional I NYHA al final del seguimiento.

Balloon mitral valvuloplasty has, over the last 15 years, become an established interventional procedure for patients with pliable non-calcified mitral stenosis. In this article we describe the long-term outcome of 100 patients from our hospital (National Medical Center "20 de Noviembre" ISSSTE, Mexico City), who were treated with this procedure. Average follow-up was 38.72∓22.4 months. The procedure was successful in 83.3% of the patients. After the procedure, the average valvular area changed from 0.95∓0.16 to 1.62∓0.24 cm² (P < 0.001) and, at the end of the follow-up time, it was 1.57 ∓ 0.29. The trans-valvular mean gradient changed from 8.80∓3.67 mm Hg to 4.74∓1.90 mmHg (P ⋜ 0.001). Complications occurred in 7.0% of the patients, the most important one being acute mitral insufficiency due to valvular rupture. No deaths occurred. Conclusions: Balloon valvuloplasty is an effective method in patients with Wilkins score of 8 or less, with minimal risk of complications, and long lasting results. At the end of the follow-up time, patients were in NYAH functional class I. (Arch Cardiol Mex 2003; 73:18-23).