Chemistry of transition-metal complexes containing functionalized phosphines: synthesis and structural analysis of rhodium(I) complexes containing allyl and cyanoalkylphosphines.

A series of related acetylacetonate-carbonyl-rhodium compounds substituted by functionalized phosphines has been prepared in good to excellent yields by the reaction of [Rh(acac)(CO)2] (acac is acetylacetonate) with the corresponding allyl-, cyanomethyl- or cyanoethyl-substituted phosphines. All compounds were fully characterized by 31P, 1H, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy. The X-ray structures of (acetylacetonato-κ2O,O')(tert-butylphosphanedicarbonitrile-κP)carbonylrhodium(I), [Rh(C5H7O2)(CO)(C8H13N2)] or [Rh(acac)(CO)(tBuP(CH2CN)2}] (2b), (acetylacetonato-κ2O,O')carbonyl[3-(diphenylphosphanyl)propanenitrile-κP]rhodium(I), [Rh(C5H7O2)(C15H14N)(CO)] or [Rh(acac)(CO){Ph2P(CH2CH2CN)}] (2h), and (acetylacetonato-κ2O,O')carbonyl[3-(di-tert-butylphosphanyl)propanenitrile-κP]rhodium(I), [Rh(C5H7O2)(C11H22N)(CO)] or [Rh(acac)(CO){tBu2P(CH2CH2CN)}] (2i), showed a square-planar geometry around the Rh atom with a significant trans influence over the acetylacetonate moiety, evidenced by long Rh-O bond lengths as expected for poor π-acceptor phosphines. The Rh-P distances displayed an inverse linear dependence with the coupling constants JP-Rh and the IR ν(C[triple-bond]O) bands, which accounts for the Rh-P electronic bonding feature (poor π-acceptors) of these complexes. A combined study from density functional theory (DFT) calculations and an evaluation of the intramolecular H...Rh contacts from X-ray diffraction data allowed a comparison of the conformational preferences of these complexes in the solid state versus the isolated compounds in the gas phase. For 2b, 2h and 2i, an energy-framework study evidenced that the crystal structures are mainly governed by dispersive energy. In fact, strong pairwise molecular dispersive interactions are responsible for the columnar arrangement observed in these complexes. A Hirshfeld surface analysis employing three-dimensional molecular surface contours and two-dimensional fingerprint plots indicated that the structures are stabilized by H...H, C...H, H...O, H...N and H...Rh intermolecular interactions.

Glycerol Boosted Rh-Catalyzed Hydroaminomethylation Reaction: A Mechanistic Insight.

We report a Rh-catalyzed hydroaminomethylation reaction of terminal alkenes in glycerol that proceeds efficiently under mild conditions to produce the corresponding amines in relatively high selectivity towards linear amines, moderate to excellent yields by using a low catalyst loading (1 mol % [Rh], 2 mol % phosphine) and relative low pressure (H2 /CO, 1:1, total pressure 10 bar). This work sheds light on the importance of glycerol in enabling enamine reduction via hydrogen transfer. Moreover, evidence for the crucial role of Rh as chemoselective catalyst in the condensation step has been obtained for the first time in the frame of the hydroaminomethylation reaction by precluding deleterious aldol condensation reactions. The hydroaminomethylation proceeds under a molecular regime; the outcome of catalytically active species into metal-based nanoparticles renders the catalytic system inactive.

Cyclooctatetraenes through Valence Isomerization of Cubanes: Scope and Limitations.

The scope and limitations of Eaton's rhodium(I)-catalyzed valence isomerization of cubane to cyclooctatetraene (COT) were investigated in the context of functional group tolerability, multiple substitution modes and the ability of cubane-alcohols to undergo one-pot tandem Ley-Griffith Wittig reactions in the absence of a transition metal catalyst.

Combination of Aryl Diselenides/Hydrogen Peroxide and Carbon-Nanotube/Rhodium Nanohybrids for Naphthol Oxidation: An Efficient Route towards Trypanocidal Quinones.

This work reports a combination of aryl diselenides/hydrogen peroxide and carbon-nanotube (CNT)/rhodium nanohybrids (RhCNT) for naphthol oxidation towards the synthesis of 1,4-naphthoquinones and evaluation of their relevant trypanocidal activity. Under a combination of (PhSe)2 /H2 O2 in the presence of O2 in iPrOH/hexane, several benzenoid (A-ring)-substituted quinones were prepared in moderate to high yields. We also studied the contribution of RhCNT as co-catalyst in this process and, in some cases, yields were improved. This method provides an efficient and versatile alternative for preparing A-ring-modified naphthoquinonoid compounds with relevant biological profile.

Preparación y crracterización de compuestos de sociación entre el acetato, proopionato y butirato de rodio(ii) con ß-ciclodextrina / Preparation ad ccharacterizaton of compounds of association between rhodium((ii) carboxylates (acetate, propionate and butyrate) and ß-cyclodextrln / Preparaçãoe caraacterização de compostos de associação ente o acetato, prropionato e butirato de ródio(ii) com ß-ciclodextrina

En el presente trabajo se describe la preparación y caracterización del acetato, propionato y butirato de rodio(II), y sus respectivos compuestos de inclusión y/o asociación con ß-ciclodextrina (ßCD). Estos complejos fueron caracterizados por análisis elemental (CHN), espectroscopia de absorción en la región de infrarrojo (IR), análisis térmico (TG/DTG/ DSC), difracción de rayos X en polvo (DRX), espectroscopia de resonancia magnética nuclear de protón y de carbo-no-13 (RMN ¹H, 13C). Además, se realizaron experimentos para la determinación de tiempos de relajación longitudinal (T1 lH) en Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning (CP/MAS). Los resultados encontrados a través de estos métodos indican la formación de compuestos de asociación y/o inclusión parcial entre los carboxilatos de rodio(II) acetato, propio-nato y butirato con ß-ciclodextrina.

This article describes the preparation and characterization of rhodium (II) acetate, propionate and butyrate, and their inclusion and/or association compounds with ß-cyclodextrin (ßCD). The characterization of the compounds in this study was performed by elemental analysis (CHN), FTIR spectroscopy, thermal analysis (TG/DTG/DSC), XRD powder pattern diffraction, ¹Hand 13C nuclear magnetic resonance in solution 13C, and 31PCP/ MAS NMR in solid state. Besides, experiments for the determination oflongitudinal T1 relaxation times were also used. The results indicated the formation of inclusion or association compounds between rhodium (II) carboxylates (acetate, propionate or butyrate) and ß-cyclodextryn.

Neste artigo descreve-se a preparação e caracterização de acetato, propionato e butirato de ródio(II), seus respectivos compostos de inclusão ou associação com ß-ciclodextrina (ßCD). Estes compostos de estudo foram caraterizados por análise elementar (CHN), espectroscopia de absorção na região de infravermelho (IV), análise térmica (TG/DTG/DSC), difração de raios-X em pó (DRX), espectrome-tria de ressonância magnética nuclear de próton e de carbono-13. Além disso, se conduziram experimentos para a determinação de tempos de relaxação longitudinal (Tj ¹H) em solução e de espectros no estado sólido de 13C CP-MAS, "Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning". Os resultados encontrados através desses métodos indicaram a formação de compostos de associação ou inclusão parcial entre os carboxilatos de ródio(II) acetato, propionato e butirato com a ß-ciclodex-trina.