Case report and literature review: cardiac hematic cyst.

A 49-year-old female patient, asymptomatic, presented to the cardiology office for a right atrial mass, identified incidentally in a non-electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated contrast-enhanced computed tomography, performed for follow-up of pulmonary tuberculosis. Echocardiography, surprisingly, showed an anechogenic ovoid mass in the right atrium measuring 40 × 40 mm2, implanted in the interatrial septum without affecting the tricuspid valve. ECG-gated computed tomography angiography (CTA), confirmed the dimensions of the mass, which presented homogeneous content, calcified areas, and a 12-mm pedicle implanted near the ostium of the coronary sinus. Additionally, contrast uptake and infiltration of adjacent structures were ruled out. In the surgical field, an encapsulated mass with blood content was found, which pathology reported as a hematic endocardial cyst (HEC). These are rare cardiac masses, constituting 1.5% of all primary cardiac tumors. It is usually an incidental finding, and its clinical presentation will depend on its dimensions and the intracardiac hemodynamic impact. A highlighting feature is its anechogenic content on ultrasound, however, multimodality imaging allows for making diagnostic assumptions, discerning between primary cardiac tumors, and provides morphological and hemodynamic information useful for therapeutic decision making. The age of the patient, the large size of the HEC, and its location in the interatrial septum make up a completely atypical presentation of this rare disease, which motivated this report.

Dilatación idiopática de la aurícula derecha. Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium. Case report and literature review

Resumen La dilatación idiopática de la aurícula derecha (DIAD) es una malformación poco frecuente caracterizada por un crecimiento desproporcionado de la aurícula derecha en ausencia de una causa estructural o funcional que la justifique. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con DIAD con diagnóstico desde la etapa prenatal.

Abstract Idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium is a rare malformation characterized by disproportionate growth of the right atrium in the absence of a cause that justifies it. We present the case of a patient with idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium diagnosed since fetal life.

Idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium. Case report and literature review.

Idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium is a rare malformation characterized by disproportionate growth of the right atrium in the absence of a cause that justifies it. We present the case of a patient with idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium diagnosed since fetal life.

La dilatación idiopática de la aurícula derecha (DIAD) es una malformación poco frecuente caracterizada por un crecimiento desproporcionado de la aurícula derecha en ausencia de una causa estructural o funcional que la justifique. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con DIAD con diagnóstico desde la etapa prenatal.

Evaluation of right atrium structure and function in a rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension: Exploring the possible antiarrhythmic properties of amiodarone.

Atrial arrhythmias (AA) are common in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and are closely associated with poor clinical outcomes. One of the most studied models to investigate PH is the rat model of monocrotaline (MCT) induced PH (MCT-PH). To date, little is known about right atrium (RA) function in the MCT-PH model and the propensity of RA to develop arrhythmias. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the function of the RA of control (CTRL) and MCT treated rats, and the ability of amiodarone, a classical antiarrhythmic, to prevent the occurrence of AA in the RA in MCT-PH rats. RA function was studied in MCT-PH rats 20 days after a single subcutaneous injection of MCT 50 mg/kg. The histological results indicated the presence of RA and right ventricular hypertrophy. Surface electrocardiogram demonstrated increased P wave duration, PR wave duration and QT interval in MCT rats. RA from MCT rats were more susceptible to develop ex vivo burst pacing arrhythmias when compared to CTRL. Intriguingly, amiodarone in clinical relevant concentration was not able to prevent the occurrence arrhythmias in RA from MCT-PH animals. Hence, we conclude that the rat model of MCT-PH impairs RA structure and function, and acute exposure of RA to amiodarone in clinical relevant concentration is not able to attenuate the onset of arrhythmias in the ex vivo RA preparation.

Exploring the involvement of TASK-1 in the control of isolated rat right atrium function from healthy animals and an experimental model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.

The TASK-1 channel belongs to the two-pore domain potassium channel family. It is expressed in several cells of the heart, including the right atrial (RA) cardiomyocytes and the sinus node, and TASK-1 channel has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atrial arrhythmias (AA). Thus, using the rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension (MCT-PH), we explored the involvement of TASK-1 in AA. Four-week-old male Wistar rats were injected with 50 mg/kg of MCT to induce MCT-PH and isolated RA function was studied 14 days later. Additionally, isolated RA from six-week-old male Wistar rats were used to explore the ability of ML365, a selective blocker of TASK-1, to modulate RA function. The hearts developed right atrial and ventricular hypertrophy, inflammatory infiltrate and the surface ECG demonstrated increased P wave duration and QT interval, which are markers of MCT-PH. The isolated RA from the MCT animals showed enhanced chronotropism, faster contraction and relaxation kinetics, and a higher sensibility to extracellular acidification. However, the addition of ML365 to extracellular media was not able to restore the phenotype. Using a burst pacing protocol, the RA from MCT animals were more susceptible to develop AA, and simultaneous administration of carbachol and ML365 enhanced AA, suggesting the involvement of TASK-1 in AA induced by MCT. TASK-1 does not play a key role in the chronotropism and inotropism of healthy and diseased RA; however, it may play a role in AA in the MCT-PH model.

Ranolazine exerts atrial antiarrhythmic effects in a rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension.

Atrial arrhythmias are a hallmark of heart diseases. The antiarrhythmic drug ranolazine with multichannel blocker properties is a promising agent to treat atrial arrhythmias. We therefore used the rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary-hypertension to assess whether ranolazine can reduce the incidence of ex vivo atrial arrhythmias in isolated right atrium. Four-week-old Wistar rats were injected with 50 mg/kg of monocrotaline, and isolated right atrium function was studied 14 days later. The heart developed right atrium and right ventricular hypertrophy, and the ECG showed an increased P wave duration and QT interval, which are markers of the disease. Moreover, monocrotaline injection caused enhanced chronotropism and faster kinetics of contraction and relaxation in isolated right atrium. Additionally, in a concentration-dependent manner, ranolazine showed chronotropic and ionotropic effects upon isolated right atrium, with higher potency in the control when compared with experimental model. Using a burst pacing protocol, the isolated right atrium from the monocrotaline-treated animals was more susceptible to develop arrhythmias, and ranolazine was able to attenuate the phenotype. Thus, we concluded that the rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary-hypertension develops right atrium remodelling, which increased the susceptibility to present ex vivo atrial arrhythmias, and the antiarrhythmic drug ranolazine ameliorated the phenotype.

Sinus Node Artery Occlusion During Cardiac Denervation Procedures.

Cardioneural ablation is a novel treatment for functional bradycardia. However, the risk of acute complications is still unknown. The aim of this case report is to describe acute occlusion of the sinus node artery after cardiac denervation procedures in 2 patients and to encourage measures to prevent it, such as evaluating the aortic angulation in older patients before the procedure and by monitoring signs of sinus failure during ablation in patients with electroanatomical maps showing a constricted aspect of the right atrium. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).

Renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus in the lower cava vein reaching the right atrium - Case report and brief review of the literature.

Approximately 15% of cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can invade the inferior vena cava, leading to the formation of a thrombus inside it, which can reach the cardiac chambers in up to 1% of cases. This article reports a case of RCC with venous thrombus that reached the right atrium. The patient underwent radical nephrectomy with lymphadenectomy and tumor thrombectomy with extracorporeal circulation associated with hypothermia, without total cardiac arrest. The surgical success of this case highlights the need to study new techniques that represent better operative approaches for solid kidney injuries.

Masa auricular derecha: la importancia del ecocardiograma al momento del diagnóstico de fibrilación auricular en el enfoque terapéutico / Right atrial mass: The importance of cardiac ultrasound at the time of diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in the therapeutic approach

Resumen Se presenta el caso de un varón de 70 años de edad, quien debutó con fibrilación auricular no valvular, en quien, dos meses después y mediante ecocardiografía, se objetivaron dos masas contiguas en la aurícula derecha. Las masas eran dependientes de la válvula de Eustaquio, alcanzaban el septo interauricular y se asemejaban a un mixoma. Ambas fueron resecadas mediante cirugía, sin complicaciones intraoperatorias ni postoperatorias. El estudio anatomo-patológico concluyó que eran compatibles con trombos sin componente tumoral. Durante el seguimiento permaneció asintomático y en ritmo de fibrilación auricular.

Abstract The case is presented on a 70 year-old male who debuted with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Two months later, and using cardiac ultrasound, two contiguous masses were observed in the right atrium. The masses were hanging from the Eustachian (inferior vena cave) valve, reached the interatrial septum and resembled a myxoma. Both were surgically resected, with no intra- or post-operative complications. The patient remained asymptomatic and in atrial fibrillation rhythm during follow-up.

Cor triatriatum dexter y comunicación interauricular tipo seno venoso: Una asociación infrecuente / Cor triatriatum dexter and sinus venosus atrial septal defect: An infrequent association

RESUMEN El cor triatriatum es una malformación congénita poco frecuente, con una prevalecia de un 0,1% entre todas las anomalías congénitas cardíacas, donde el corazón queda dividido en tres atrios o aurículas. En el cor triatriatum dexter la aurícula derecha queda dividida, por una membrana fibromuscular, en dos partes, una proximal y otra distal, que se comunican o no entre sí. En la evolución natural de la enfemedad, los pacientes pueden permanecer asintomáticos hasta su diagnóstico o presentar manifectaciones cardiovasculares secundarias a insuficiencia cardíaca derecha y trastornos del ritmo. En el caso particular de aquellos que se encontraran sintomáticos, el tratamiento de elección sería la corrección quirúrgica del defecto y, en ocasiones, la rotura percutánea de la membrana; mientras que en los que se encuentran asintomáticos, el seguimiento y tratamiento oportuno de sus complicaciones parecería la alternativa más viable.

ABSTRACT Cor triatriatum is a rare congenital condition with a 0.1% prevalence among all cardiac congenital anomalies in which the heart is partitioned into three atria. In cor triatriatum dexter the right atrium is divided by a fibromuscular membrane into two parts, a proximal and a distal one, which may or may not communicate with each other. In the natural course of the condition, patients may remain asymptomatic until diagnosis or present with cardiovascular manifestations secondary to right heart failure and rhythm disorders. In the specific case of symptomatic patients, the treatment of choice would be surgical correction of the anomaly and sometimes percutaneous rupture of the membrane; while in asymptomatic patients, timely follow-up and treatment of their complications would seem to be the best alternatives.

Diagnóstico prenatal de dilatación idiopática de la aurícula derecha. Reporte de un caso / Prenatal diagnosis of idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium. A case report

La dilatación idiopática de la aurícula derecha es una entidad poco frecuente. Estimar la verdadera incidencia es dificultoso dado que muchos pacientes son asintomáticos y los síntomas reportados, tanto en niños como en adultos, presentan un amplio espectro de manifestaciones clínicas. Pocos pacientes con diagnóstico prenatal fueron publicados.Se presenta un caso de diagnóstico prenatal de dilatación auricular derecha con un seguimiento de 3 años y 8 meses. El paciente se encuentra asintomático, sin evidencia de trombosis auricular, medicado con ácido acetilsalicílico desde su nacimiento. El seguimiento se realizó con ecocardiogramas regulares; sin embargo, la confirmación diagnóstica fue a través de la resonancia magnética nuclear cardíaca.La importancia del reporte radica en describir una enfermedad rara, potencialmente grave, y cómo el diagnóstico prenatal permite tomar conductas anticipadas, como el monitoreo cardíaco, para la detección de arritmias y el inicio temprano de profilaxis primaria antitrombótic

Idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium is a rare condition. The real incidence of the disease is difficult to estimate since most patients are asymptomatic, although a wide spectrum of symptoms have been reported in children and adults. In the literature, prenatal diagnosis has been reported in few cases.We report a case of prenatally diagnosed right atrial dilation with a 3 years and 8 months follow up. The patient is on acetylsalicylic acid since birth and remained asymptomatic without any atrial thrombosis. We performed regular transthoracic echocardiograms during follow up, however was a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging the method for achieving diagnostic confirmation.The aim of this case report is to describe a rare, potentially serious disease and how prenatal diagnosis allows anticipated actions such as monitoring for cardiac arrhythmia detection and early starting of primary thrombosis prophylaxis.

Prenatal diagnosis of idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium. A case report. / Diagnóstico prenatal de dilatación idiopática de la aurícula derecha. Reporte de un caso.

Idiopathic dilatation of the right atrium is a rare condition. The real incidence of the disease is difficult to estimate since most patients are asymptomatic, although a wide spectrum of symptoms have been reported in children and adults. In the literature, prenatal diagnosis has been reported in few cases. We report a case of prenatally diagnosed right atrial dilation with a 3 years and 8 months follow up. The patient is on acetylsalicylic acid since birth and remained asymptomatic without any atrial thrombosis. We performed regular transthoracic echocardiograms during follow up, however was a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging the method for achieving diagnostic confirmation. The aim of this case report is to describe a rare, potentially serious disease and how prenatal diagnosis allows anticipated actions such as monitoring for cardiac arrhythmia detection and early starting of primary thrombosis prophylaxis.

La dilatación idiopática de la aurícula derecha es una entidad poco frecuente. Estimar la verdadera incidencia es dificultoso dado que muchos pacientes son asintomáticos y los síntomas reportados, tanto en niños como en adultos, presentan un amplio espectro de manifestaciones clínicas. Pocos pacientes con diagnóstico prenatal fueron publicados. Se presenta un caso de diagnóstico prenatal de dilatación auricular derecha con un seguimiento de 3 años y 8 meses. El paciente se encuentra asintomático, sin evidencia de trombosis auricular, medicado con ácido acetilsalicílico desde su nacimiento. El seguimiento se realizó con ecocardiogramas regulares; sin embargo, la confirmación diagnóstica fue a través de la resonancia magnética nuclear cardíaca. La importancia del reporte radica en describir una enfermedad rara, potencialmente grave, y cómo el diagnóstico prenatal permite tomar conductas anticipadas, como el monitoreo cardíaco, para la detección de arritmias y el inicio temprano de profilaxis primaria antitrombótica.

Mixoma auricular derecho en la infancia / Right atrium myxoma in chilhood

Los tumores cardíacos primarios son poco frecuentes y representan solo el 5% de todos los tumores cardíacos. El 75% de estos tumores son benignos, y el mixoma es el tumor benigno más común en el adulto (50%). La mayoría de los mixomas cardíacos se localizan en la aurícula izquierda, solo el 18-20% se localizan en la aurícula derecha, y es aún más infrecuente la aparición de un tumor bilobulado, los signos y síntomas con los que se presentan son inespecíficos y varían de acuerdo a su comportamiento. Presentamos un caso con estas características en una paciente escolar de 9 años de edad que ingresó al Hospital del Niño Manuel Ascencio Villarroel

Primary cardiac tumors are rare and represent only 5% of all cardiac tumors. 75% of these tumors are benign, and myxoma is the most common benign tumor in adults (50%). Most cardiac myxomas are located in the left atrium, only 18-20% are located in the right atrium, and the appearance of a bilobed tumor is even more infrequent, the signs and symptoms with which they occur are nonspecific and they vary according to their behavior. We present a case with these characteristics in a 9-year-old school patient who was admitted to Manuel Ascencio Villarroel Children's Hospital.

Percutaneous closure of an acquired and iatrogenic left ventricular-right atrium communication (Gerbode defect) with an Amplatzer Vascular Plug II.

Gerbode defect is defined as an abnormal left ventricle-right atrium shunting which may have congenital or acquired origin, first described by Thurman in 1838, representing 0.08% of intracardiac shunts and <1% of the congenital heart diseases. The acquired defect can be classified as iatrogenic or non-iatrogenic, with previous cardiac surgery being the most common cause. Gerbode defect is classified depending on its position with respect to the tricuspid valve in supravalvular, infravalvular, or intermediate. Our purpose was to report a rare case of an iatrogenic and acquired Gerbode defect in a 10-year-old male patient following surgical correction of a partial anomalous pulmonary venous return of the right pulmonary veins to the right atrium. The defect was successfully closed percutaneously with an Amplatzer™ Vascular Plug II device. Percutaneous closure of acquired Gerbode defects could be considered as a good option using soft devices to reduce the possibility of severe complications such as complete heart block due to the location of the defect. .

Rapidly Progressive Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Right Atrium: a Rare Case Report.

We are going to present a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the right atrium, which is a very rare entity. The patient had a right atrial mass, which prolapsed through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, causing functional tricuspid valve stenosis. The tumor was completely resected and the patient had an uneventful postoperative period. Histopathological examination reported malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The patient presented to the emergency department five weeks after discharge with dyspnea and palpitation. Echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed recurrent right atrial tumor mass. His clinical status has worsened, with syncope and acute renal failure. On the repeated echocardiography, suspected tumor recurrence was observed in left atrium, which probably caused systemic embolization. Considering the aggressive nature of the tumor and systemic involvement, our Heart Council decided to provide palliative treatment by nonsurgical management. His status deteriorated for the next few days and the patient succumbed to a cardiac arrest on the 4th day.

Rapidly progressive malignant fibrous histiocytoma of right atrium: a rare case report

Abstract We are going to present a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the right atrium, which is a very rare entity. The patient had a right atrial mass, which prolapsed through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, causing functional tricuspid valve stenosis. The tumor was completely resected and the patient had an uneventful postoperative period. Histopathological examination reported malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The patient presented to the emergency department five weeks after discharge with dyspnea and palpitation. Echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed recurrent right atrial tumor mass. His clinical status has worsened, with syncope and acute renal failure. On the repeated echocardiography, suspected tumor recurrence was observed in left atrium, which probably caused systemic embolization. Considering the aggressive nature of the tumor and systemic involvement, our Heart Council decided to provide palliative treatment by nonsurgical management. His status deteriorated for the next few days and the patient succumbed to a cardiac arrest on the 4th day.

Behavior of right atrial strain in high systolic pulmonary artery pressure.

AIMS: Evaluate the ability of right atrial (RA) strain to predict systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 102 patients were prospectively enrolled. Conventional echocardiographic measures were performed. RA volume was calculated. Mean maximum right ventricle (RV) strain and lateral RA strain were obtained. Pearson's correlation test was used. A multivariate analysis was performed to compare SPAP with RA strain, RV strain, and baseline characteristics of the patients. RA strain was compared between patients with SPAP ≤ 37 mm Hg with those with SPAP > 37 mm Hg. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed. A P < 0.01 value was considered statistically significant. AGE: 58.7 ± 15.7 years. Male: 46 (45.1%). The correlation coefficient between SPAP and RA strain was -0.64 (P < 0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.75 to -0.50). Quadratic R2 coefficient = 0.52. In the multivariate analysis, RA strain was independently associated with SPAP level. There were significant differences in RA strain between patients with SPAP ≤ 37 mm Hg (63.3 ± 13.3%; 95% CI: 59.4%-65.1%) and >37 mm Hg (32.7 ± 11.1%; 95% CI: 26.5%-38.39%) (P < 0.01). RA strain < 42.5% was capable to predict a SPAP > 37 mm Hg with 93% sensitivity and 94% specificity, area under the curve (AUC) of 98% (95% CI: 94%-100%). CONCLUSIONS: Right atrial strain is independently associated with SPAP level. RA strain lower than 42.5% can predict a SPAP > 37 mm Hg with high sensitivity and specificity.

Hepatic Cyst Compressing The Right Atrial and Ventricular Inflow Tract: An Uncommon Cardiac Complication.

Commonly reported complications of hepatic cysts are spontaneous hemorrhage, rupture into the peritoneal cavity, infection and compression of the biliary tree however cardiac complications are not commonly reported. We are presenting a case of a large liver cyst presenting with right atrial and ventricular inflow tract impingement resulting in cardiac symptoms. A 68 year-old Hispanic female presented with one month of fatigue and shortness of breath after household work and walking less than one block, right upper quadrant pain and weight loss. She had history of multiple hepatic cysts for more than 12 years, well-controlled diabetes and hypertension. Examination of the heart revealed tachycardia with regular heart sounds. There were no murmurs. She had tenderness in her right upper quadrant on palpation and an enlarged smooth liver. Rest of physical examination was unremarkable. CT scan of the abdomen showed multiple non-enhancing liver cysts in both lobes, with the largest measuring 12 x 15 x 17 cm which was significantly increased from her baseline of 7 x 8 x 10 cm in 2003. Echocardiogram showed normal left ventricular ejection fraction, grade 1 diastolic dysfunction and a hepatic cyst impinging RA and RV inflow tract. She had successful laparoscopic enucleation of liver cyst and subsequent relief from tachycardia, fatigue and shortness of breath. In conclusion, this case illustrates that hepatic cysts may become symptomatic after remaining quiescent for an extended period. They may present with unusual symptoms and clinicians should be mindful of rare complications, such as in this case.