Antimicrobial activity of laser assisted endodontic therapy in disinfecting root canals.

Light Amplified Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is nowadays widely studied regarding their use in endodontics and restorative dentistry. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the antibacterial activity of three types of LASERs namely CO2 LASER.Er, Cr:YSGG LASER and Diode LASER in disinfection of root canals. 70 patients (105 single rooted teeth) were included in the study. There was application of 2% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2780 nm Er,Cr:YSGG LASER, 900 nm Diode LASER and CO2 LASER. Microbial samples were collected from root canals both before and after the interventions through paper points. These parameters were evaluated in microbiology laboratory to obtain Log10 Colony Forming Units (CFUs). There was significant reduction in CFUs of microorganisms inside root canal in all three LASERs evaluated and NaOCl. The reduction in CFUs in LASERs was comparable to NaOCl. Then secondly we applied each LASER in combination with NaOCl. It was observed that reduction in CFU was greater when combination of LASER with NaOCl was applied as compared when applied alone. It can be inferred that LASER when applied with NaOCl can have significant role in disinfection of root canals.

Endodontic Treatment of Maxillary Premolar With Three Roots: A Case Report.

Background: The aim of this case was to understand and treat the intricate root canal anatomy observed in complex maxillary first premolars, particularly those exhibiting three root canals, emphasizing the significance of understanding root canal morphological variations in their treatment. Conclusions: This case reported the methods of treating three-root canal maxillary first premolars, including warm vertical compression technique, root canal microsurgery, and the application of rubber dam. The utilization of dental operating microscopes, various surgical strategies, and key assessments of X-rays and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were all essential steps for achieving accurate and safe root canal therapy.

Effects of a relined fiberglass post with conventional and self-adhesive resin cement.

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of relined and non-relined fiberglass posts when cemented to root canal dentin using a conventional dual-cure resin cement or a self-adhesive resin cement. Materials and Methods: Two types of resin cements were utilized: conventional and self-adhesive. Additionally, 2 cementation protocols were employed, involving relined and non-relined fiberglass posts. In total, 72 bovine incisors were cemented and subjected to push-out bond strength testing (n = 10) followed by failure mode analysis. The cross-sectional microhardness (n = 5) was assessed along the root canal, and interface analyses (n = 3) were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data from the push-out bond strength and cross-sectional microhardness tests were analyzed via 3-way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni post-hoc test (α = 0.05). Results: For non-relined fiberglass posts, conventional resin cement exhibited higher push-out bond strength than self-adhesive cement. Relined fiberglass posts yielded comparable results between the resin cements. Type II failure was the most common failure mode for both resin cements, regardless of cementation protocol. The use of relined fiberglass posts improved the cross-sectional microhardness values for both cements. SEM images revealed voids and bubbles in the incisors with non-relined fiberglass posts. Conclusions: Mechanical properties were impacted by the cementation protocol. Relined fiberglass posts presented the highest push-out bond strength and cross-sectional microhardness values, regardless of the resin cement used (conventional dual-cure or self-adhesive). Conversely, for non-relined fiberglass posts, the conventional dual-cure resin cement yielded superior results to the self-adhesive resin cement.

Endodontic management of a four-canal mandibular second premolar; using an operative microscope: A case report.

Key Clinical Message: Due to the complexities and variations of the root canal system's anatomy, mandibular premolars are among the most difficult teeth for endodontic treatment. The lack of clinician knowledge ultimately leads to treatment failure. Abstract: Mandibular premolars are the most complicated teeth for endodontic treatment because of the variations in root canal anatomy. On the other hand, missing root canals can subsequently lead to failure of endodontic treatment, which causes the patient to become symptomatic. Therefore, the clinician's knowledge of the different types of root canal anatomy and the skill of using new equipment for proper root canal treatment improve the outcome. This study reported the successful endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar with four root canals by using an operative microscope.

The effect of different irrigation activation methods on the penetration of the irrigation solution into the dentinal tubules in teeth with calcium hydroxide applied and oval-shaped canals: Confocal laser scanning microscope analysis.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different irrigation techniques including standard needle irrigation (SNI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), EndoActivator (EA), XP-Endo Finisher (XPF), photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), and shock wave enhanced emission photo-acoustic streaming (SWEEPS) systems on the penetration of irrigation solutions into dentinal tubules in teeth with calcium hydroxide (CH) applied and oval-shaped canals by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Ninety mandibular incisor teeth with oval-shaped canals were included in this study. After the preparation of teeth using Resiproc Blue R25 (VDW, Munich, Germany) canals were filled with a paste based on CH. The teeth were stored in 100% humidity at a temperature of 37°C for 14 days. According to the irrigation activation systems, the teeth were divided into six groups (n = 15); SNI, PUI, EA, XPF, PIPS, and SWEEPS. In each group, 3 irrigation/activation cycles of 20 s of irrigation and 20 s of activation were performed with the relevant activation method. The root canals were filled with fluorescein sodium (Sigma, Alldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) and activated with the relevant activation method for 30 s. Specimens were sectioned horizontally to 1 ± 0.1 mm at 2, 5, and 8 mm from the apex and then examined under the CLSM. Maximum penetration depth, maximum penetration area and penetration percentage were measured by using Image J software. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and posthoc Tukey tests (p = .05). No difference was found between the activation systems in terms of maximum penetration depth and maximum penetration area of irrigation solutions in the apical section (p > .05). The penetration percentage of irrigation solutions was higher in PUI and PIPS compared with EA and XPF at the apical section (p < .05). No difference was found between SNI, PUI, PIPS, and SWEEPS in terms of the penetration percentage of irrigation solutions in all sections (p > .05). The penetration percentage of irrigation solutions was higher in the middle and coronal sections compared to the apical section in EA and XPF (p < .05). Tubule penetration of irrigation solutions in SNI was similar between sections. The Tubule penetration area of irrigation solutions in PUI, EA, XPF, PIPS, and SWEEPS was lower in the apical section than in the middle and coronal sections. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The tubule penetration depth and area of the irrigation solutions were similar between the activation systems tested in the apical sections. The Tubule penetration area of irrigation solutions in middle and coronal sections was higher in PUI and PIPS than in SNI.

Variations in the Root Form and Root Canal Morphology of Permanent Mandibular canine.

BACKGROUND: Mandibular canines are recognized as usually having one root and one root canal in most cases. However, many investigators have reported the anatomical variations associated with mandibular canines. Thus; the objective of this study is to determine the number of roots and morphology of the root canal system of permanent mandibular canine in a Nepalese population. METHODS: Cone Beam Computerized Tomography images of 390 patients in a Nepalese population were selected, and a total of 780 mandibular canines were analyzed. The number of root and the canal configurations were investigated. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis and Chi-square tests using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: Out of the 780 mandibular canines, 741(95%) were single-rooted canines while only 39 (5%) were double-rooted canines. The most common type of Vertucci in single-rooted canines was Type I (1-1) in the percentage of 85.6% and the least type was Type IV (1-2) in the percentage of (2.5%). The Chi-square tests showed no significant association between gender and number of roots (P = 0.87) and gender and root canal configuration in single-rooted canine (P = 0.52). CONCLUSIONS: All mandibular permanent canines were single rooted but 5.2% of the permanent mandibular canines had two roots.

Mandibular Molar with Six Canals, a Rare Entity: A Case Report.

Background: The objective of this report was to highlight the importance of using a dental operating microscope (DOM) to locate supernumerary canals and diagnose variations in root canals using cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images. Case Presentation: A 23-year-old male patient had reported with a pain for 1 months and was referred to evaluate symptomatic apical periodontitis for lower right first permanent molar. Root canal therapy was proposed and conducted with the use of DOM and CBCT. Conclusions: Proper diagnosis and careful clinico-radiological examination are necessary, and it is essential to reinforce the knowledge of the rare morphology of root canals for clinicians.

Prevalence of middle mesial root canal in mandibular molars in an Iranian population: A micro-computed tomography study.

Background: Knowledge about the anatomic variations of the root canal system and their prevalence is necessary for clinicians to ideally clean the root canal system. The anatomic complexity of the root canal system is one of the reasons for its inadequate debridement, resulting in residual microorganisms and root canal treatment failure. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of middle mesial root canals in mandibular molars in an Iranian population. Materials and Methods: The samples in the present descriptive/cross-sectional study consisted of mandibular first and second molars (n = 100, with 50 first and 50 s molars). A convenient sampling method was used to collect samples. The teeth were mounted in gypsum and scanned using a micro-computed tomography unit. The images were reconstructed with software, and the relevant checklist was completed by the observers. The data were analyzed with SPSS v26 using the Chi-squared test at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of the middle mesial root canal in the present study was 36% for mandibular first molars and 22% for mandibular second molars, with an overall prevalence of 29%. The prevalence of the middle mesial root canal was not significantly different between the first and second mandibular molars (P = 0.12). The mean distance between the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual root canal orifices in the teeth with a middle mesial root canal was significantly higher than in those without the middle mesial root canal (P < 0.001). In addition, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of the middle mesial root canal between the teeth with and without the second distal root canal (P = 0.89). Conclusion: The prevalence of the middle mesial root canal in the studied population was 29%, which is significant clinically. In addition, the mean distance between the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual root canal orifices in teeth with a middle mesial root canal was higher than that in teeth without this root canal.

In vitro effects of Er: YAG laser-activated photodynamic therapy on Enterococcus faecalis in root canal treatment.

OBJECTIVE: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) plays an important role for root canal disinfection. Nevertheless, the effect of photosensitizers penetrating dentin tubules is limited, which ultimately impedes the disinfection effect of PDT. The study implements an Er: YAG laser to activate methylene blue, the photosensitizer, to determine the bactericidal impact of PDT on Enterococcus faecalis in vitro root canals. METHODS: We obtained 53 single root canal teeth with intact roots, standardized the root to 9 mm. The root canals were prepared using ProTaper rotary files. Subsequently, the teeth were sterilized, and Enterococcus faecalis was cultured for 3 weeks in vitro using brain heart infusion (BHI). The model of Enterococcus faecalis root canal infection of teeth was constructed by observing Enterococcus faecalis through electron microscope scanning. The teeth were randomly allocated to five treatment groups (n = 10): control, NaOCl, NaOCl + Er: YAG, PDT, and PDT + Er: YAG. Following treatment, the number of colony forming units (CFU)/ml was assessed for each group. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA, with post-hoc analysis using Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: The colony counts in the remaining groups were significantly lower compared to the control group (P<0.001). Using PDT alone had the least impact on reducing colonies, while using PDT and Er: YAG laser together resulted in a significant reduction in colony counts (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in colony counts reduction between the NaOCl + Er: YAG group and the PDT + Er: YAG group (P = 1.000). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of Er: YAG laser and PDT significantly enhanced the bactericidal efficacy of PDT against Enterococcus faecalis in root canals. It had a similar impact on eliminating Enterococcus faecalis when compared to the effect of using Er: YAG laser and NaOCl.

Micro-CT Assessment of Filling Removal Effectiveness in the Apical Third of Curved Canals with Different Types of Anatomy.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of filling removal material from the apical third of curved mesial root canals of mandibular molars. Reciprocating instrumentation followed by additional rotary instrumentation with instruments made of alloys with different heat treatments was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six mesial roots of mandibular molars were divided into two groups: Group Class IV consisted of 16 roots with two independent canals, and Group Class II consisted of 20 roots with two canals that merged into one at their apical level. Each of these two groups were further divided into two subgroups, according to the additional rotary instrument used after the reciprocating instrumentation: Group RH and Group RM for Hyflex and Mtwo, respectively. After each procedural step, the roots were scanned by micro-tomography. After each step of filling removal, the Wilcoxon matched pair test and the Mann-Whitney test were used for the evaluation between groups. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: Significant differences were observed between groups with different Class II and Class IV anatomies, regarding filling removal after Reciproc (P<0.05). After the use of an additional rotary instrumentation, no differences were observed between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: In the apical third of mesial roots of mandibular molars with Class II anatomy, an additional rotary instrumentation was shown to be necessary for improving the removal of filling material after using the single-file reciprocating instrumentation technique.

Flatsonic Ultrasonic Tip Optimizes the Removal of Remaining Filling Material in Flattened Root Canals: A Micro-computed Tomographic Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the XP-endo Finisher R (XPFR; FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) or the Flatsonic ultrasonic tip (Helse Ultrasonic, Santa Rosa de Viterbo, SP, Brazil) in removing remaining filling material after the retreatment of flattened root canals using micro-computed tomographic imaging. METHODS: Twenty-four flattened distal root canals of mandibular molars with a buccolingual diameter 4 or more times larger than the mesiodistal diameter were prepared with Reciproc Blue (RB) R40 (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany) and filled using the Tagger hybrid technique. All canals were retreated with RB R40, and apical enlargement was performed with RB R50 (VDW GmbH). The specimens were randomly distributed into 2 groups: XPFR or Flatsonic (n = 12). The percentage of remaining filling material after retreatment and centralization ability was evaluated. Data were submitted to Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and unpaired t tests (α = 5%). RESULTS: Greater capacity to remove remaining filling material in the entire canal and the cervical and middle thirds was observed for the Flatsonic compared with the XPFR (P < .05). However, both supplementary cleaning techniques showed a similar percentage of residual filling material in the apical third (P > .05). No difference was observed in the centralization ability between the techniques (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The Flatsonic promotes greater removal of remaining filling material than the XPFR in the retreatment of flattened root canals. However, both supplementary cleaning approaches were similar in the apical third. The XPFR and Flatsonic were able to maintain root canal centralization.

Compressive Strength Testing of Glass-Fibre-Reinforced Tooth Crown Tissues After Endodontic Treatment.

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of using short and continuous fibres for repairing compression-induced tooth crown damage. Human teeth were used for the study. They were upper medial incisors and maxillary first premolars lost due to periodontal causes. The teeth were divided into two groups with Hahnenkratt and short glass fibres. Teeth compressive strength tests were carried out. Then micro-CT imaging of the teeth and their fractures obtained after compression was performed. The teeth restored with Hahnenkratt's glass fibre posts showed higher compressive strength than the teeth restored using the EverX Posterior material. The tooth's most weakened and sensitive point after endodontic treatment was the cervical area of the tooth. All cracks were parallel to the root canal.

Syringe irrigation in confluent canals: A sequential computational fluid dynamics assessment.

This study aims to assess the influence of root canal preparation, irrigation needle design and its placement depth in the irrigation flow of confluent canals during syringe irrigation. A mandibular molar presenting two confluent canals in its mesial root was sequentially prepared and scanned by micro-computed tomography after mechanical preparation up to ProTaper Next system sizes X2 (25/.06v), X3 (30/.07v) and X4 (40/.06v). In each of the root canal preparation models, a side-vented and an open-ended needle at 5, 3 and 2 mm from the working length were included, and irrigation flow was assessed by a validated computational fluid dynamics model. The results revealed that the irrigant flowed out of the confluent canals mainly through the canal that did not have the needle. Apical penetration and renewal of the irrigant were most efficiently achieved with the use of a 30G open-ended needle and a 30/.07v preparation.

Iontophoresis use for increasing drug penetration into root canals and dentinal tubules: A proof-of-concept study.

INTRODUCTION: The success of endodontic treatment depends on the significant disinfection of the root canal system, its irregularities, and dentinal tubules. However, achieving complete disinfection remains challenging, with frequent failures and occurrence of secondary infections. Here, we propose using iontophoresis to increase the penetration and distribution of disinfecting agents into root canals, using methylene blue for proof-of-concept. METHODS: The marker was applied in bovine root canals, and the radial distribution of the dye in the dentinal tubules was evaluated by optical microscopy. Iontophoresis was applied at 0.5 and 1.5 mA for 5 and 15 min. RESULTS: A significant statistical difference (p < 0.05) was observed in the marker penetration between passive and iontophoretic applications. Both current density and application time had an important effect on methylene blue distribution, with a greater efficacy delivery to the apical region achieved after 1.5 mA for 5 min or 0.5 mA for 15 min, showing longer application time can compensate for lower application current. CONCLUSION: Iontophoresis increases the penetration and distribution of methylene blue into bovine root canals and dentinal tubules, including its innermost portions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Iontophoresis has shown to be a promising technique for root canal and dentinal tubule disinfection.

A Global Overview of Guided Endodontics: A Bibliometric Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: This review aimed to analyze the trend and main characteristics of articles related to guided endodontics (GE). METHODS: The search was conducted in May 2023 on Web of Science. GE-related articles were included, and conferences were excluded. Three researchers selected the articles and extracted: the number of citations; year and journal; design and study theme; authorship and institutions; country and continent. Collaborative networks were generated in the Visualization of Similarities Viewer software. The relationship between data was determined by Spearman's correlation. Google Trends was used to investigate the global popularity of GE research. RESULTS: The search resulted in 135 articles, of which 85 were included. The most cited article totaled 116 citations. The studies were published between 2016 and 2023, most frequently in 2022 (n = 22). The most prevalent journal was the Journal of Endodontics (n = 28). Case report (n = 38) was the most frequent study design. The most studied theme was the use of static GE for calcified canals (n = 27). Connert T was the author with the highest number of articles (n = 13). The University of Basel (n = 9) stood out. The most prevalent country was Brazil (n = 13). Europe was the most frequent continent (n = 38). Visualization of Similarities Viewer demonstrated an interaction between authors. There was a moderate positive correlation between citations and the impact factor (rho = .483). According to Google Trends, the United States was the country that most researched GE. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this review, a more significant research interest in GE was observed in Europe, addressing the application of GE in locating severely calcified root canals.

In vitro study on cyclic fatigue resistance of three types of nickel titanium files in preparation for bending root canals / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the anti cyclic fatigue performance of Woride KS (WKS), Proteper Gold (PTG), and Hyflex CM (HCM) nickel titanium instruments with different tip diameters in curved root canal models, and to provide reference for the targeted selection of suitable nickel titanium instruments in clinical preparation of curved root canals.

Innovative Curved-Tip Reactor for Non-Thermal Plasma and Plasma-Treated Water Generation: Synergistic Impact Comparison with Sodium Hypochlorite in Dental Root Canal Disinfection.

Non-thermal plasmas (NTPs), known as cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs), hold great potential for diverse medical applications, including dentistry. However, traditional linear and rigid dielectric barrier discharge reactors used for NTP generation encounter limitations in accessing oral cavities and root canals. To address this issue, we have developed an innovative NTP reactor featuring an angled end for improved accessibility. The central copper electrode, with a 0.59 mm diameter and adjustable length for desired angulation, is coated with zircon powder (ZrSiO4) to ensure stable NTP generation. This central electrode is housed within a stainless steel tube (3 mm internal diameter, 8 mm external diameter, and 100 mm length) with a 27° angle at one end, making it ergonomically suitable for oral applications. NTP generation involves polarizing the reactor electrodes with 13.56 MHz radio frequency signals, using helium gas as a working medium. We introduce plasma-treated water (PTW) as an adjunctive therapy to enhance biofilm eradication within root canals. A synergistic approach combining NTP and PTW is employed and compared to the gold standard (sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl), effectively neutralizing Enterococcus faecalis bacteria, even in scenarios involving biofilms. Moreover, applying NTP in both gaseous and liquid environments successfully achieves bacterial inactivation at varying treatment durations, demonstrating the device's suitability for medical use in treating root canal biofilms. The proposed NTP reactor, characterized by its innovative design, offers a practical and specific approach to plasma treatment in dental applications. It holds promise in combatting bacterial infections in root canals and oral cavities.

Efficacy of Three Irrigation Methods in Removing Calcium Hydroxide from Curved Root Canals: An In Vitro Micro-CT Study.

Aims and Objectives: This in vitro study aimed to compare the efficacy of three different irrigation methods in removing calcium hydroxide from curved root canals and to estimate the amount of residual medicament using microcomputed tomography. Materials and Methods: Thirty extracted molars with curved mesial root canals, ranging from 25° to 30°, were prepared with ProTaper Next using X2 to full working length and were filled with calcium hydroxide. Teeth also were randomly divided into four groups: group 1 (n = 8)- Erbium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Er:YAG) laser; group 2 (n = 8)-EndoActivator; group 3 (n = 8)-EndoVac; and a control group (n = 6)-negative control with no calcium hydroxide. Microcomputed tomography was used to evaluate the residual amount of filling material. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26, with a significance level of 0.05. Descriptive statistics, student t test, and Chi-square test were applied for data analysis. Results: The greatest amount of residual calcium hydroxide was observed in the samples with EndoVac irrigation (0.515 mm3), followed by EndoActivator (0.381 mm3) and Er:YAG laser (0.121 mm3). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. The greatest residual amount was observed in the apical third (0.419 mm3), followed by the middle (0.050 mm3) and the coronal (0.015 mm3). Conclusions: No statistically significant differences were observed in the efficacy of the tested techniques for removing calcium hydroxide from curved root canals, whereas a significant difference was observed in the distribution of residual material depending on the technique used. The removal of the calcium hydroxide was more effective in the coronal and middle third of the canal. The greatest residual material was found in the apical portion of the root canal.

Comparative evaluation of the quality and homogeneity of different obturating systems using cone-beam computed tomography - An in vitro study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the homogeneity and quality of different obturating systems using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty extracted maxillary and mandibular molars were included in this study which was decoronated first and then dissected into palatal and distal roots. After working length determination, all the roots were biomechanically prepared with ProTaper universal system. The prepared roots were evaluated using CBCT, and volumetric analysis was done. Samples were then randomly divided into three groups corresponding to the obturation method used - cold lateral compaction technique, single-cone technique, and BeeFill 2 in 1 system. After obturation, CBCT imaging and volumetric analyses were performed again to compare and analyze the amount of volume of obturation in different obturating techniques. To standardize the volume, pre-and postobturation images were superimposed. To avoid errors, for each section, measurements were repeated three times and the means were calculated. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, followed by post hoc test. Results: Results showed a statistically significant difference of the single cone with lateral compaction and the BeeFill system (P < 0.001). Maximum volume of obturating material was found in BeeFill at all levels - Coronal, middle, and apical, followed by cold lateral compaction and single-cone technique (P < 0.001). Conclusion: It could be concluded that the thermoplasticized obturating technique can be a better choice for obturation rather than the single cone and lateral compaction technique.

Effectiveness of Laser-activated and Ultrasonic Irrigation Techniques in Removal of Calcium Hydroxide and Modified Triple Antibiotic Paste from the Root Canals: An In Vitro Evaluation.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of laser-activated irrigation (LAI) and ultrasonic irrigation (UI) in the removal of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP) from the root canals. Materials and methods: Root canals of freshly extracted human permanent maxillary incisors (n = 80) were prepared. The root canals of half sample (n = 40) were filled with Ca(OH)2 and the other half (n = 40) with MTAP, in which propylene glycol was used as a vehicle. After 14 days, roots were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 20) according to the irrigation technique used-group I [Ca(OH)2 with UI], group II (MTAP with UI), group III [Ca(OH)2 with LAI], group IV (MTAP with LAI). The roots were sectioned, and the intracanal medicament residues were evaluated at 25× magnification under stereomicroscope using 4-grade scoring system. Statistical analysis: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey tests were performed. Results: Laser-activated irrigation (LAI) was found to be superior compared to UI. Ca(OH)2 was better removed compared to MTAP with either of the irrigation techniques. A statistically significant difference was found between the Ca(OH)2 with LAI and MTAP with UI groups in all the regions, that is, coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Conclusion: Laser-activated irrigation (LAI) was superior to UI in removing Ca(OH)2 and MTAP. Ca(OH)2 was better removed than MTAP, irrespective of the technique used. However, none of the irrigation techniques could completely remove the intracanal medicament from the root canals. How to cite this article: Swathi P, Uloopi KS, Vinay C, et al. Effectiveness of Laser-activated and Ultrasonic Irrigation Techniques in Removal of Calcium Hydroxide and Modified Triple Antibiotic Paste from the Root Canals: An In Vitro Evaluation. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-1):S1-S5.