Experiências adversas na infância: um estudo com autores de agressão sexual / Experiencias infantiles adversas: un estudio con perpretadores de agresiones sexuales / Adverse childhood experiences: a study addressing the perpetrators of sexual violence

This study aimed to describe the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) of perpetrators of sexual violence of children and adolescents and their relationship with the abusers' personal and situational factors (n = 30). Hence, a database composed of the transcripts of interviews was analyzed using content analysis, from which thematic categories emerged as proposed by the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). Physical abuse was the most frequently reported (70%). Sexual abuse was reported by almost half of the sample, which presented an increased risk in the face of the death and/or divorce of parents (RR = 4.21) and emotional neglect (RR = 3.2). In addition, the participants with higher ACE-Scores abused children more recurrently and less frequently consumed alcohol or other drugs. The interpretation of the results in light of the literature reinforces the hypothesis that the consequences of adversities during childhood are associated with a higher likelihood of becoming a victim throughout life and manifesting risky behaviors, such as aggressive sexual behavior. Future studies are suggested to apply the ACE-IQ to larger samples and implement a post-test to contribute to more effective interventions to treat this population.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las Experiencias Adversas en la Infancia por parte de los perpetradores de agresión de niños y niñas y la asociación con factores personales y situacionales identificados. (n = 30). Para ello, se utilizó el instrumento de cribado del Cuestionario Internacional de Experiencias Adversas en la Infancia (ACE-IQ) para el análisis de los datos. El maltrato físico fue reportado con mayor frecuencia (70%) y el abuso sexual fue mencionado por casi la mitad de la muestra, con su riesgo aumentado ante la muerte y/o divorcio de los padres (RR = 4,21) y negligencia emocional (RR = 3.2). Participantes con ACE-Scores más altos han agredido repetidamente a sus víctimas y con menos necesidad de consumir alcohol y/o otras drogas. Los resultados muestran que las consecuencias de la exposición a la adversidad en la infancia están asociadas no solo a la probabilidad de convertirse en víctima a lo largo de la vida, sino también a caminos de transitar permeados por conductas de riesgo y criminalidad. Se sugiere que más estudios puedan aplicar el ACE-IQ a muestras más grandes, con la realización de una prueba posterior, lo que puede contribuir a intervenciones más efectivas al servicio de esta población.

Este estudo objetivou descrever Experiências Adversas na Infância (EAI) relatadas por autores de agressão sexual de crianças e adolescentes e sua relação com fatores pessoais e situacionais identificados (n = 30). Para tanto, utilizou-se um banco de dados formado por transcrições de entrevistas previamente realizadas, cuja análise de conteúdo considerou categorias temáticas retiradas do Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). O abuso físico foi o mais relatado (70%) e o abuso sexual mencionado por quase metade da amostra, tendo seu risco aumentado diante da morte e/ou separação dos pais (RR = 4.21) e negligência emocional (RR = 3.2). Participantes com maiores ACE-Scores agrediram de forma mais recorrente e com menor uso de álcool e/ou outras drogas. A interpretação dos resultados à luz da literatura da área reforça a hipótese de que as consequências da exposição à adversidade na infância estão relacionadas tanto à probabilidade de tornar-se vítima ao longo da vida quanto de vir a manifestar comportamentos de risco, como a conduta sexual agressiva. Estudos posteriores poderão aplicar o ACE-IQ diretamente e em amostras maiores, com a realização de pós-teste, o que favorecerá a promoção de intervenções mais eficazes no atendimento a essa população.

BBX24 Interacts with JAZ3 to Promote Growth by Reducing DELLA Activity in Shade Avoidance.

Shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) is a strategy of major adaptive significance and typically includes elongation of the stem and petiole, leaf hyponasty, reduced branching and phototropic orientation of the plant shoot toward canopy gaps. Both cryptochrome 1 and phytochrome B (phyB) are the major photoreceptors that sense the reduction in the blue light fluence rate and the low red:far-red ratio, respectively, and both light signals are associated with plant density and the resource reallocation when SAS responses are triggered. The B-box (BBX)-containing zinc finger transcription factor BBX24 has been implicated in the SAS as a regulator of DELLA activity, but this interaction does not explain all the observed BBX24-dependent regulation in shade light. Here, through a combination of transcriptional meta-analysis and large-scale identification of BBX24-interacting transcription factors, we found that JAZ3, a jasmonic acid signaling component, is a direct target of BBX24. Furthermore, we demonstrated that joint loss of BBX24 and JAZ3 function causes insensitivity to DELLA accumulation, and the defective shade-induced elongation in this mutant is rescued by loss of DELLA or phyB function. Therefore, we propose that JAZ3 is part of the regulatory network that controls the plant growth in response to shade, through a mechanism in which BBX24 and JAZ3 jointly regulate DELLA activity. Our results provide new insights into the participation of BBX24 and JA signaling in the hypocotyl shade avoidance response in Arabidopsis.

SASA: una escala sencilla de mortalidad postoperatoria explorada en un centro de atención de tercer nivel en México / SASA: a simple scale of postoperative mortality explored in a third-level care center in Mexico

Resumen: Introducción: Las complicaciones postquirúrgicas han sido causa importante de muerte. Por lo tanto, el uso de predictores sencillos de mortalidad con una nueva escala llamada SASA podría indicar un riesgo postoperatorio de mortalidad a los 30 días aplicado en una muestra en población mexicana. Material y métodos: Exploramos una asociación entre la clasificación de estado físico de la Sociedad Americana de Anestesiólogos (ASA-PS), el Apgar quirúrgico (sAs) y la puntuación de SASA con un análisis univariado en 371 pacientes estimando la relación de probabilidades (OR) y graficando las curvas de operación característica del receptor (receiver-operating-characteristic [ROC]) para cada escala. Resultados: Obtuvimos los valores de dos; [sensibilidad; 81.82% (IC del 95%: 48.2-97.72), especificidad; 40.56% (IC del 95%: 35.44-45.83)], 6; [sensibilidad; 81.82% (IC del 95 %: 48.2-97.72), especificidad; 77.5% (IC del 95%: 72.83-81.71)] y 10; [sensibilidad; 81.82% (IC del 95%: 48.2-97.72), especificidad; 83.6% (IC del 95%: 78.77-86.78)] como los mejores puntos de corte para el ASA-PS, sAs y SASA respectivamente. Conclusiones: el cálculo de SASA obtuvo la misma sensibilidad, pero mejor especificidad y área bajo la curva cuando se comparó con el ASA-PS y el sAs.

Abstract: Introduction: Post-surgical complications have been a significant cause of death. Therefore, the use of easy preoperative mortality predictors is recommended. A new SASA score could indicate a perioperative risk more globally at 30-days of the postoperative period applied in a Mexican sample. Material and methods: 371 patients were analyzed. We explore an association between the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification (ASA-PS), the surgical Apgar score (sAs), and the new SASA score to assess 30-days mortality after surgery using univariate analysis to estimate the odds ratio (OR). Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for each scale. Results: We obtained values of two; [sensitivity; 81.82% (95% CI: 48.2-97.72), specificity; 40.56% (95% CI: 35.44-45.83)] 6; [sensitivity; 81.82% (95% CI: 48.2-97.72), specificity; 77.5% (95% CI: 72.83-81.71)] and 10; [sensitivity; 81.82% (95% CI: 48.2-97.72), specificity; 83.6% (95% CI: 78.77-86.78)] as the best cut-off points for ASA-PS, sAs and SASA respectively. Conclusions: To predict postoperative 30-days mortality, SASA calculation as a new score obtained the same sensitivity but better specificity and area under the curve (AUC) for the ROC compared with the ASA-PS and the sAs.

Cuestionario de enfermedad respiratoria crónica (CRQ-SAS): análisis de las propiedades psicométricas / Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ-SAS): Analysis of psychometric properties

Introducción. El Cuestionario de Enfermedad Respiratoria Crónica Autoadminsitrado (CRQ-SAS) es un instrumento utilizado para evaluar calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en diferentes idiomas y poblaciones adultas, aunque no en adolescentes. Este estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas del CRQ-SAS en una muestra de pacientes adolescentes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica y las relaciona con la clínica ansioso-depresiva. Método. Para analizar propiedades psicométricas del CRQ-SAS, se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios, para estudiar la fiabilidad y validez de la escala. Para evaluar las relaciones con la clínica ansioso-depresiva, se realizaron correlaciones y regresiones lineales múltiples con la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria. Se calcularon diferencias de medias en función de variables sociodemográficas. Resultados. El CRQ-SAS fue administrado en 280 niños y adolescentes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica de edades comprendidas entre 9 y 18 años (Media= 12,02) con una distribución similar entre varones y mujeres. Se mantuvo la estructura original de cuatro factores, se eliminaron 3 ítems de la escala original, y se obtuvo una nueva versión de 17 ítems. Esta mostró adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y de validez discriminante. La disnea y la función emocional fueron las dimensiones que mejor predijeron la clínica ansioso-depresiva. Por último, se obtuvieron baremos para la interpretación de las puntuaciones en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Conclusiones. Este cuestionario, utilizado anteriormente en población adulta, puede ser un adecuado instrumento para evaluar calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en pacientes adolescentes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica.

Introduction. The Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire Self-Administered Standardized (CRQ-SAS) format is used to assess health-related quality of life in different languages and adult populations, but it has not been validated in adolescents. This study analyzes the psychometric properties of the CRQ-SAS in a sample of adolescent patients with chronic respiratory disease and correlates them to anxiety and depression. Method. In relation to the CRQ-SAS psychometric properties, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were done to assess the instrument's reliability and validity. Correlations and multiple linear regressions with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were done to assess the relation with anxiety and depression. The mean difference was estimated based on sociodemographic outcome measures. Results. The CRQ-SAS was administered to 280 children and adolescents with chronic respiratory disease aged 9-18 years (mean=12.02), with a similar male-female distribution. The original 4-factor structure was maintained; 3 items were removed from the original scale and a new 17-item version was obtained. This showed adequate psychometric properties and discriminant validity. The dyspnea and emotional functioning domains better predicted anxiety and depression. Lastly, scales were obtained for the interpretation of health-related quality of life scores. Conclusions. This questionnaire, which has been previously used in the adult population, may be an adequate instrument to assess health-related quality of life in adolescent patients with chronic respiratory disease.

Recalculating growth and defense strategies under competition: key roles of photoreceptors and jasmonates.

The growth-defense trade-off in plant biology has gained enormous traction in the last two decades, highlighting the importance of understanding how plants deal with two of the greatest challenges for their survival and reproduction. It has been well established that in response to competition signals perceived by informational photoreceptors, shade-intolerant plants typically activate the shade-avoidance syndrome (SAS). In turn, in response to signals of biotic attack, plants activate a suite of defense responses, many of which are directed to minimize the loss of plant tissue to the attacking agent (broadly defined, the defense syndrome, DS). We argue that components of the SAS, including increased elongation, apical dominance, reduced leaf mass per area (LMA), and allocation to roots, are in direct conflict with configurational changes that plants require to maximize defense. We hypothesize that these configurational trade-offs provide a functional explanation for the suppression of components of the DS in response to competition cues. Based on this premise, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms by which informational photoreceptors, by interacting with jasmonic acid (JA) signaling, help the plant to make intelligent allocation and developmental decisions that optimize its configuration in complex biotic contexts.

Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ-SAS): Analysis of psychometric properties. / Cuestionario de enfermedad respiratoria crónica (CRQ-SAS): análisis de las propiedades psicométricas.

Introduction: The Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire Self-Administered Standardized (CRQ-SAS) format is used to assess health-related quality of life in different languages and adult populations, but it has not been validated in adolescents. This study analyzes the psychometric properties of the CRQ-SAS in a sample of adolescent patients with chronic respiratory disease and correlates them to anxiety and depression. Method: In relation to the CRQ-SAS psychometric properties, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were done to assess the instrument's reliability and validity. Correlations and multiple linear regressions with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were done to assess the relation with anxiety and depression. The mean difference was estimated based on sociodemographic outcome measures. Results: The CRQ-SAS was administered to 280 children and adolescents with chronic respiratory disease aged 9-18 years (mean=12.02), with a similar male-female distribution. The original 4-factor structure was maintained; 3 items were removed from the original scale and a new 17-item version was obtained. This showed adequate psychometric properties and discriminant validity. The dyspnea and emotional functioning domains better predicted anxiety and depression. Lastly, scales were obtained for the interpretation of health-related quality of life scores. Conclusions: This questionnaire, which has been previously used in the adult population, may be an adequate instrument to assess health-related quality of life in adolescent patients with chronic respiratory disease.

Introducción. El Cuestionario de Enfermedad Respiratoria Crónica Autoadminsitrado (CRQ-SAS) es un instrumento utilizado para evaluar calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en diferentes idiomas y poblaciones adultas, aunque no en adolescentes. Este estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas del CRQ-SAS en una muestra de pacientes adolescentes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica y las relaciona con la clínica ansioso-depresiva. Método. Para analizar propiedades psicométricas del CRQ-SAS, se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios, para estudiar la fiabilidad y validez de la escala. Para evaluar las relaciones con la clínica ansioso-depresiva, se realizaron correlaciones y regresiones lineales múltiples con la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria. Se calcularon diferencias de medias en función de variables sociodemográficas. Resultados. El CRQ-SAS fue administrado en 280 niños y adolescentes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica de edades comprendidas entre 9 y 18 años (Media= 12,02) con una distribución similar entre varones y mujeres. Se mantuvo la estructura original de cuatro factores, se eliminaron 3 ítems de la escala original, y se obtuvo una nueva versión de 17 ítems. Esta mostró adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y de validez discriminante. La disnea y la función emocional fueron las dimensiones que mejor predijeron la clínica ansioso-depresiva. Por último, se obtuvieron baremos para la interpretación de las puntuaciones en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Conclusiones. Este cuestionario, utilizado anteriormente en población adulta, puede ser un adecuado instrumento para evaluar calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en pacientes adolescentes con enfermedad respiratoria crónica.

Physical quality of seeds of Moquiniastrum polymorphum / Qualidade física de sementes de Moquiniastrum polymorphum

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the physical properties of the seeds of Moquiniastrum polymorphum when processed by mini-SAS, X-ray and seed blower systems. The seeds were purchased from Seeds Caiçara, located in Penápolis-SP. After purchase, the seed lot was characterized by standard tests. In the X-ray test the seeds were classified according to their internal morphology as filled, unfilled or malformed. The seed blower was set at six opening settings, resulting in light and heavy fractions. The evaluations were performed by weighing the seeds that remained in the blower (heavy fraction) and by the amount of filled seeds indicated by the X-ray test. The germination tests were composed of four replicates of 50 seeds. The mini-SAS was used for external evaluation. It was concluded that the combined use of the seed blower and the X-ray test was efficient for the evaluation and determination of the physical quality of the seeds of M. polymorphum. The seed blower at opening settings 5 resulted in the best lot quality. The external parameters were not able to qualitatively evaluate the seeds of M. polymorphum.

Resumo O presente estudo objetivou analisar as propriedades físicas das sementes de Moquiniastrum polymorphum por meio dos equipamentos raios-X, mini-SAS e soprador de sementes. As sementes foram adquiridas da empresa Sementes Caiçara em matrizes localizadas no município de Penápolis-SP. Após adquirido e beneficiado, o lote de sementes foi caracterizado por meio de testes padrões. No teste de raios-X as sementes foram classificadas de acordo com sua morfologia interna como cheias, vazias ou mal formadas. O soprador de sementes foi ajustado em seis aberturas, resultando em frações leves e pesadas. As avaliações foram realizadas pesando-se as sementes que permaneceram no soprador (fração pesada) e pela quantidade de sementes cheias pela análise de raios-X. Posteriormente foram realizados testes de germinação compostos por quatro repetições de 50 sementes. Na avaliação externa das sementes utilizou-se o equipamento mini-SAS. Após análise dos dados, concluiu-se que a utilização em conjunto dos equipamentos soprador de sementes e raios-X foi eficiente para avaliação e determinação da qualidade física das sementes de M. polymorphum. O soprador de sementes na regulagem da abertura 5 resultou na melhor qualidade do lote. Os parâmetros externos não foram capazes de avaliar qualitativamente as sementes de M. polymorphum.

Physical quality of seeds of Moquiniastrum polymorphum / Qualidade física de sementes de Moquiniastrum polymorphum

This study aimed to analyze the physical properties of the seeds of Moquiniastrum polymorphum when processed by mini-SAS, X-ray and seed blower systems. The seeds were purchased from Seeds Caiçara, located in Penápolis-SP. After purchase, the seed lot was characterized by standard tests. In the X-ray test the seeds were classified according to their internal morphology as filled, unfilled or malformed. The seed blower was set at six opening settings, resulting in light and heavy fractions. The evaluations were performed by weighing the seeds that remained in the blower (heavy fraction) and by the amount of filled seeds indicated by the X-ray test. The germination tests were composed of four replicates of 50 seeds. The mini-SAS was used for external evaluation. It was concluded that the combined use of the seed blower and the X-ray test was efficient for the evaluation and determination of the physical quality of the seeds of M. polymorphum. The seed blower at opening settings 5 resulted in the best lot quality. The external parameters were not able to qualitatively evaluate the seeds of M. polymorphum.(AU)

O presente estudo objetivou analisar as propriedades físicas das sementes de Moquiniastrum polymorphum por meio dos equipamentos raios-X, mini-SAS e soprador de sementes. As sementes foram adquiridas da empresa Sementes Caiçara em matrizes localizadas no município de Penápolis-SP. Após adquirido e beneficiado, o lote de sementes foi caracterizado por meio de testes padrões. No teste de raios-X as sementes foram classificadas de acordo com sua morfologia interna como cheias, vazias ou mal formadas. O soprador de sementes foi ajustado em seis aberturas, resultando em frações leves e pesadas. As avaliações foram realizadas pesando-se as sementes que permaneceram no soprador (fração pesada) e pela quantidade de sementes cheias pela análise de raios-X. Posteriormente foram realizados testes de germinação compostos por quatro repetições de 50 sementes. Na avaliação externa das sementes utilizou-se o equipamento mini-SAS. Após análise dos dados, concluiu-se que a utilização em conjunto dos equipamentos soprador de sementes e raios-X foi eficiente para avaliação e determinação da qualidade física das sementes de M. polymorphum. O soprador de sementes na regulagem da abertura 5 resultou na melhor qualidade do lote. Os parâmetros externos não foram capazes de avaliar qualitativamente as sementes de M. polymorphum.(AU)

Computational Methods for Epigenetic Drug Discovery: A Focus on Activity Landscape Modeling.

Epigenetic drug discovery is an emerging strategy against several chronic and complex diseases. The increased interest in epigenetics has boosted the development and maintenance of large information on structure-epigenetic activity relationships for several epigenetic targets. In turn, such large databases-many in the public domain-are a rich source of information to explore their structure-activity relationships (SARs). Herein, we conducted a large-scale analysis of the SAR of epigenetic targets using the concept of activity landscape modeling. A comprehensive quantitative analysis and a novel visual representation of the epigenetic activity landscape enabled the rapid identification of regions of targets with continuous and discontinuous SAR. This information led to the identification of epigenetic targets for which it is anticipated an easier or a more difficult drug-discovery program using conventional hit-to-lead approaches. The insights of this work also enabled the identification of specific structural changes associated with a large shift in biological activity. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the largest comprehensive SAR analysis of several epigenetic targets and contributes to the better understanding of the epigenetic activity landscape.

Physical quality of seeds of Moquiniastrum polymorphum

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the physical properties of the seeds of Moquiniastrum polymorphum when processed by mini-SAS, X-ray and seed blower systems. The seeds were purchased from Seeds Caiçara, located in Penápolis-SP. After purchase, the seed lot was characterized by standard tests. In the X-ray test the seeds were classified according to their internal morphology as filled, unfilled or malformed. The seed blower was set at six opening settings, resulting in light and heavy fractions. The evaluations were performed by weighing the seeds that remained in the blower (heavy fraction) and by the amount of filled seeds indicated by the X-ray test. The germination tests were composed of four replicates of 50 seeds. The mini-SAS was used for external evaluation. It was concluded that the combined use of the seed blower and the X-ray test was efficient for the evaluation and determination of the physical quality of the seeds of M. polymorphum. The seed blower at opening settings 5 resulted in the best lot quality. The external parameters were not able to qualitatively evaluate the seeds of M. polymorphum.

Resumo O presente estudo objetivou analisar as propriedades físicas das sementes de Moquiniastrum polymorphum por meio dos equipamentos raios-X, mini-SAS e soprador de sementes. As sementes foram adquiridas da empresa Sementes Caiçara em matrizes localizadas no município de Penápolis-SP. Após adquirido e beneficiado, o lote de sementes foi caracterizado por meio de testes padrões. No teste de raios-X as sementes foram classificadas de acordo com sua morfologia interna como cheias, vazias ou mal formadas. O soprador de sementes foi ajustado em seis aberturas, resultando em frações leves e pesadas. As avaliações foram realizadas pesando-se as sementes que permaneceram no soprador (fração pesada) e pela quantidade de sementes cheias pela análise de raios-X. Posteriormente foram realizados testes de germinação compostos por quatro repetições de 50 sementes. Na avaliação externa das sementes utilizou-se o equipamento mini-SAS. Após análise dos dados, concluiu-se que a utilização em conjunto dos equipamentos soprador de sementes e raios-X foi eficiente para avaliação e determinação da qualidade física das sementes de M. polymorphum. O soprador de sementes na regulagem da abertura 5 resultou na melhor qualidade do lote. Os parâmetros externos não foram capazes de avaliar qualitativamente as sementes de M. polymorphum.

Physical quality of seeds of Moquiniastrum polymorphum

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the physical properties of the seeds of Moquiniastrum polymorphum when processed by mini-SAS, X-ray and seed blower systems. The seeds were purchased from Seeds Caiçara, located in Penápolis-SP. After purchase, the seed lot was characterized by standard tests. In the X-ray test the seeds were classified according to their internal morphology as filled, unfilled or malformed. The seed blower was set at six opening settings, resulting in light and heavy fractions. The evaluations were performed by weighing the seeds that remained in the blower (heavy fraction) and by the amount of filled seeds indicated by the X-ray test. The germination tests were composed of four replicates of 50 seeds. The mini-SAS was used for external evaluation. It was concluded that the combined use of the seed blower and the X-ray test was efficient for the evaluation and determination of the physical quality of the seeds of M. polymorphum. The seed blower at opening settings 5 resulted in the best lot quality. The external parameters were not able to qualitatively evaluate the seeds of M. polymorphum.

Resumo O presente estudo objetivou analisar as propriedades físicas das sementes de Moquiniastrum polymorphum por meio dos equipamentos raios-X, mini-SAS e soprador de sementes. As sementes foram adquiridas da empresa Sementes Caiçara em matrizes localizadas no município de Penápolis-SP. Após adquirido e beneficiado, o lote de sementes foi caracterizado por meio de testes padrões. No teste de raios-X as sementes foram classificadas de acordo com sua morfologia interna como cheias, vazias ou mal formadas. O soprador de sementes foi ajustado em seis aberturas, resultando em frações leves e pesadas. As avaliações foram realizadas pesando-se as sementes que permaneceram no soprador (fração pesada) e pela quantidade de sementes cheias pela análise de raios-X. Posteriormente foram realizados testes de germinação compostos por quatro repetições de 50 sementes. Na avaliação externa das sementes utilizou-se o equipamento mini-SAS. Após análise dos dados, concluiu-se que a utilização em conjunto dos equipamentos soprador de sementes e raios-X foi eficiente para avaliação e determinação da qualidade física das sementes de M. polymorphum. O soprador de sementes na regulagem da abertura 5 resultou na melhor qualidade do lote. Os parâmetros externos não foram capazes de avaliar qualitativamente as sementes de M. polymorphum.

Midazolam frente a dexmedetomidina en sedación en cirug¡a ginecológica en el Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza 2015 / Midazolam versus dexmedetomidine in sedation in gynecological surgery in the National HospitalArzobispo Loayza 2015

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de sedación y de depresión respiratorio entre el midazolam y la dexmedetomidina. Material y M‚todos: estudio cuantitativo, observacional, anal¡tico, y prospectivo. Resultados: La sedación con midazolam fue m s profunda que el de la dexmedetomidina; con respecto a la depresión respiratoria usando la prueba de ANOVA los niveles de Sp02 con midazolam fueron menores que el de la dexmedetomidina con una p = 0,010; en la variable de frecuencia respiratoria no hubo diferencia estad¡sticamente significativa p = 0,190, en la variable de amplexación con dexmedetomidina estuvo disminuida estad¡sticamente significativo con p < 0,001. Conclusiones: La dexmedetomidina tiene efectos sedativos, sin producir depresión respiratoria, el midazolam tiene un buen efecto sedativo con algún nivel de depresión respiratoria.

Objective: To determine the level of sedation and respiratory depression between midazolam and dexmedetomidine. Material and Methods: quantitative, observational, analytic, prospective study, experimental and inferential. Results: Sedation with midazolam was higher than the dexmedetomidine, with respect to respiratory depression using ANOVA test sp02 levels with midazolam were lower than the dexmedetomidine, p = 0.010 ,frequency variable and in amplexation variable with dexmedetomidine was decreased statistically significant with p < 0.001. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine has sedative effects, without producing respiratory depression; the midazolam has a good sedative effect with some levet of respiratory.

Microimplantes, una nueva opción en el tratamiento de Ortodoncia

Los microimplantes son pequeños pines de titanio o de aleación de titanio de 1,2 mm de diámetro y 6 mm de longitud. Están diseñados con una superficie suave para que no se oseointegren. Son utilizados en Ortodoncia como anclaje temporal. Han sido usados como anclaje esqueletal, también para distalizar y protraer molares, intruir molares e incisivos, para el cierre de espacios edéntulos extensos que con los métodos convencionales en ortodoncia habría sido imposible. Los microimplantes son removidos con relativa facilidad una vez efectuado el procedimiento. Como toda técnica nueva, es importante que los clínicos sepan elegir bien en qué casos van a utilizar los micro implantes y los sitios de su colocación.

The miniimplants are small devices of 1,2 mm of wide and 6 mm of length. Manufactured with a smooth machined surface that is not designed to osseointegrate. In orthodontics they are used as temporary anchorage for molar distalization, protraction and intrusion of molars and incisors. Also for closing wide edentulous spaces once considered impossible with conventional orthodontics.. The miniimplants are easily removed. As with any new technique clinicians should be aware in which cases use this devices and the sites of placing them.

Activity cliffs and activity cliff generators based on chemotype-related activity landscapes.

Activity cliffs have large impact in drug discovery; therefore, their detection and quantification are of major importance. This work introduces the metric activity cliff enrichment factor and expands the previously reported activity cliff generator concept by adding chemotype information to representations of the activity landscape. To exemplify these concepts, three molecular databases with multiple biological activities were characterized. Compounds in each database were grouped into chemotype classes. Then, pairwise comparisons of structure similarities and activity differences were calculated for each compound and used to construct chemotype-based structure-activity similarity (SAS) maps. Different landscape distributions among four major regions of the SAS maps were observed for different subsets of molecules grouped in chemotypes. Based on this observation, the activity cliff enrichment factor was calculated to numerically detect chemotypes enriched in activity cliffs. Several chemotype classes were detected having major proportion of activity cliffs than the entire database. In addition, some chemotype classes comprising compounds with smooth structure activity relationships (SAR) were detected. Finally, the activity cliff generator concept was applied to compounds grouped in chemotypes to extract valuable SAR information.

Causas de abandono de lactancia materna en el Barrio Cárcova / Causes of abandonment of breastfeeding in the Cárcova neighborhood

Desde hace décadas, el abandono precoz de la lactancia o la decisión materna de no amamantar han sido cuestiones que atraviesan todos los niveles socio económicos y culturales. Es relevante conocer las madres dejan de ofrecer el pecho a sus hijos para evaluar estrategias destinadas a promover y proteger la lactancia materna. Objetivo: Analizar las causas de abandono de lactancia materna (LM) en el Barrio Cárcova. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Población: Mujeres mayores de 10 años que no se encontraban en el período de LM (n=100) en el momento de realización de la encuesta. Resultados: Después del año de vida del niño, el abandono de LM fue tan frecuente en madres que trabajan fuera del hogar (n=41) como en las que no lo hacen (n=59). Las madres adolescentes no fueron más propensas a esta conducta. Los motivos más citados para adoptar la decisión fueron: "Dejó sólo" (20%), "No quise darle más" (15%)"Me quedé sin leche" (15%), el "El bebé ya era grande" (14%) y "Tuve que salir a trabajar" (14%). Conclusión: La edad materna al momento del nacimiento del niño, el nivel de instrucción y la situación laboral no determinaron el abandono de LM. Fomentar la lactancia es una herramienta útil y de bajo costo para contribuir a la salud y bienestar de las madres y al crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños. Es esencial conocer sus motivos de abandono con el fin de brindar la información adecuada y planificar el trabajo en el CAPS

Early breastfeeding cessation or mother's decission not to breastfeed has been a recurring problem for decades that crosses all socioeconomic and cultural levels. Knowing the causes of abandonment of breastfeeding is relevant to evaluate local strategies for the promotion and protection of breastfeeding. Objective: To analyze the causes of breastfeeding's abandonment in Cárcova neighborhood. Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study. Population: Women over 10 who were not in the breastfeeding period (n = 100) at the moment of the survey. Results: Regarding the employment status of the mother, mothers who work outside the home (n = 41), and mothers who did not (n = 59) breastfeed their children after the year of the child. In relation to maternal age at child's birth, it was not found a main common cause of abandonment of the breastfeeding for teens. The reason for abandonment of breastfeeding most often mentioned was: "He/She left alone" (20%). Secondly "I wanted to not give more" (15%) and "I ran out of milk" (15%), and in third place "The baby was already big" (14%) and "I had to go to work" (14%). Conclusion: Maternal age at child's birth, their level of education and employment status were not decisive in the abandonment of the breastfeeding in Cárcova. Encourage breastfeeding is one of the most useful and lowest cost tools to contribute to the health and welfare of mothers and the growth and development of children. To know the reasons for abandoning the breastfeeding is essential to provide appropriate information and plan work in the primary health care center

Há décadas que o abandono precoce do aleitamento ou a decisão materna de não amamentar têm sido questões que perpassam todos os níveis socioeconômicos e culturais. Importa conhecer por que as mães deixam de oferecer o peito a seus filhos para avaliar estratégias destinadas a promover e proteger o aleitamento materno. Objetivo: Analisar as causas de abandono do aleitamento materno (AM) no Barrio Cárcova. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal. População: Mulheres acima de 10 anos que não se encontravam no período do AM (n=100) ao momento da realização da enquete. Resultados: Após o ano de vida da criança, o abandono do AM tornouse tão frequente em mães que trabalham fora do lar (n=41) quanto entre aquelas que não o fazem (n=59). As mães adolescentes não foram mais propensas a esta conduta. As razões mais citadas para adotar a decisão foram: "Deixou de mamar" (20%), "Não quis dar-lhe mais" (15%), "Fiquei sem leite" (15%), "O bebê já era grande" (14%) e "Tive que sair a trabalhar" (14%). Conclusão: A idade materna ao momento do nascimento da criança, o nível de instrução e a situação laboral não determinaram o abandono do AM. Fomentar o aleitamento é uma ferramenta útil e de baixo custo para contribuir com a saúde e bem-estar das mães, bem como com o crescimento e desenvolvimento das crianças. É essencial conhecer os motivos de abandono para oferecer a informação adequada e planejar o trabalho no Centro de Atención Primaria de la Salud.(Si ése no fuera el nombre de la institución, sino um genérico, corresponderia traducirlo como Centro de atendimento inicial da saúde).

Seroprevalences of varicella-zoster virus, herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus in a cross-sectional study in Mexico.

We estimated the seroprevalences of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in this cross-sectional database study. Serum samples collected during the National Health and Nutrition survey (ENSANUT 2006) were obtained from subjects aged 1-70 years between January and October 2010. Serological assays for the determination of antibodies against VZV, HSV and CMV were performed. The overall seroprevalences of VZV, HSV-1, HSV-2 and CMV were 85.8%, 80.9%, 9.9% and 89.2%, respectively. Seroprevalences of VZV, HSV-1 and CMV were comparable between males and females. For HSV-2, although the seroprevalence rate was higher in females when compared to males, this difference in seroprevalence was not statistically significant. Seroprevalence rates for VZV, HSV-1, HSV-2 and CMV increased with age (p-value<.0001). Differences in seroprevalence rate for VZV by socioeconomic status (SES) were significant (p-value<0001). Results of the serological analyses reported high VZV seroprevalence, indicating high transmission in the Mexican population with children and adolescents at risk of acquiring VZV. Global HSV-1 seroprevalence was high, especially in adults. HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalences were consistently higher in women than men, particularly for HSV-2. CMV seroprevalence was higher in Mexico when compared to developed countries. Seroepidemiological data on VZV supports the fact that varicella vaccination may serve as an alternative effective solution to reduce transmission in the Mexican population. For CMV and HSV, since no vaccines are available, activities to reduce transmission are important to reduce the risk of complications and therefore need to be considered.

Identifying Activity Cliff Generators of PPAR Ligands Using SAS Maps.

Structure-activity relationships (SAR) of compound databases play a key role in hit identification and lead optimization. In particular, activity cliffs, defined as a pair of structurally similar molecules that present large changes in potency, provide valuable SAR information. Herein, we introduce the concept of activity cliff generator, defined as a molecular structure that has a high probability to form activity cliffs with molecules tested in the same biological assay. To illustrate this concept, we discuss a case study where Structure-Activity Similarity maps were used to systematically identify and analyze activity cliff generators present in a dataset of 168 compounds tested against three peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes. Single-target and dual-target activity cliff generators for PPARα and δ were identified. In addition, docking calculations of compounds that were classified as cliff generators helped to suggest a hot spot in the target protein responsible of activity cliffs and to analyze its implication in ligand-enzyme interaction.

Combining ability and reciprocal effect on agronomical traits of bean / Capacidade combinatória e efeito recíproco em características agronômicas do feijão

The objective of this study was to evaluate the general combining ability of parents involved in crosses, and specific combining ability of hybrids, as well as reciprocal effect on six agronomic traits in common bean: cycle, plant height, first pod insertion, diameter stem, number of pods per plant and number of grains per pod. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, where were performe the diallel cross, interbreeding the six parents: Xan 159, Perola, BAF 63, IPR Uirapuru, BRS Supremo, BRS Valente, generating thirty six combinations. The F1 seeds with the parents were taken to the field in a completely randomized design with two repetitions of the thirty-six combinations obtained, totaling seventy-two plot and each plant was considered an observation unit, which is unequal number of plants in different hybrid combinations. The harvested plants were evaluated for six characters, and later performed the statistical analysis using Griffings Method I. With respect to general combining ability to cultivate Perola is considered promising for the Santa Catarina´s plateau. Based on the specific ability the best combinations were Xan 159 x BRS Supremo, Xan 159 x BRS Valente, Perola x BAF 63, BAF 63 x IPR Uirapuru and BAF 63 x BRS Valente. The values for the reciprocal effect was also significant indicating that there is the presence of effect of cytoplasmic and nuclear genes in

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade geral de combinação dos genitores envolvidos nos cruzamentos e a capacidade específica de combinação dos híbridos, bem como o efeito recíproco em relação as características agronômicas em feijoeiro. Inicialmente foram realizados os cruzamentos dialélicos, intercruzando os seis genitores: Xan 159, Pérola, BAF 63, IPR Uirapuru, BRS Supremo, BRS Valente, gerando trinta e seis combinações. As sementes F1 juntamente com os genitores foram levadas a campo em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com duas repetições, sendo que cada planta foi considerada uma unidade de observação, em que ocorre número desigual de plantas nas diferentes combinações híbridas. As plantas foram avaliadas quanto aos seis caracteres (ciclo, estatura de planta, inserção do primeiro legume, diâmetro do caule, número de legumes por planta e número de grãos por legume), sendo posteriormente realizadas as análises estatísticas utilizando o Método I de Griffing. Em relação à capacidade geral de combinação a cultivar Pérola é considerada promissora para o Planalto Catarinense. Com base na capacidade específica as melhores combinações foram Xan 159 x BRS Supremo, Xan 159 x BRS Valente, Pérola x BAF 63, BAF 63 x IPR Uirapuru e BAF 63 x BRS Valente. Os valores para o efeito recíproco também foram significativos indicando que existe a presença de efeito citoplasmático

Combining ability and reciprocal effect on agronomical traits of bean / Capacidade combinatória e efeito recíproco em características agronômicas do feijão

The objective of this study was to evaluate the general combining ability of parents involved in crosses, and specific combining ability of hybrids, as well as reciprocal effect on six agronomic traits in common bean: cycle, plant height, first pod insertion, diameter stem, number of pods per plant and number of grains per pod. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, where were performe the diallel cross, interbreeding the six parents: Xan 159, Perola, BAF 63, IPR Uirapuru, BRS Supremo, BRS Valente, generating thirty six combinations. The F1 seeds with the parents were taken to the field in a completely randomized design with two repetitions of the thirty-six combinations obtained, totaling seventy-two plot and each plant was considered an observation unit, which is unequal number of plants in different hybrid combinations. The harvested plants were evaluated for six characters, and later performed the statistical analysis using Griffings Method I. With respect to general combining ability to cultivate Perola is considered promising for the Santa Catarina´s plateau. Based on the specific ability the best combinations were Xan 159 x BRS Supremo, Xan 159 x BRS Valente, Perola x BAF 63, BAF 63 x IPR Uirapuru and BAF 63 x BRS Valente. The values for the reciprocal effect was also significant indicating that there is the presence of effect of cytoplasmic and nuclear genes in

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade geral de combinação dos genitores envolvidos nos cruzamentos e a capacidade específica de combinação dos híbridos, bem como o efeito recíproco em relação as características agronômicas em feijoeiro. Inicialmente foram realizados os cruzamentos dialélicos, intercruzando os seis genitores: Xan 159, Pérola, BAF 63, IPR Uirapuru, BRS Supremo, BRS Valente, gerando trinta e seis combinações. As sementes F1 juntamente com os genitores foram levadas a campo em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com duas repetições, sendo que cada planta foi considerada uma unidade de observação, em que ocorre número desigual de plantas nas diferentes combinações híbridas. As plantas foram avaliadas quanto aos seis caracteres (ciclo, estatura de planta, inserção do primeiro legume, diâmetro do caule, número de legumes por planta e número de grãos por legume), sendo posteriormente realizadas as análises estatísticas utilizando o Método I de Griffing. Em relação à capacidade geral de combinação a cultivar Pérola é considerada promissora para o Planalto Catarinense. Com base na capacidade específica as melhores combinações foram Xan 159 x BRS Supremo, Xan 159 x BRS Valente, Pérola x BAF 63, BAF 63 x IPR Uirapuru e BAF 63 x BRS Valente. Os valores para o efeito recíproco também foram significativos indicando que existe a presença de efeito citoplasmático

Síndrome da ansiedade de separação (SAS) em cães atendidos no hospital veterinário da UNICASTELO, Fernandópolis, SP / Separation anxiety syndrome (sas) in dogs from Fernandopolis, SP, referred to Unicastelo Veterinary Hospital

A síndrome da ansiedade de separação (SAS) é definida como o conjunto de comportamentos exibidos por cães quando são deixados sozinhos. É considerada um dos problemas comportamentais mais comuns da espécie. Os sinais clínicos básicos da SAS são vocalização excessiva, destruição de objetos, defecação e micção em locais impróprios, acarretando prejuízos na qualidade de vida dos animais. Sendo uma das causas de abandono e eutanásia desses animais, a SAS foi pesquisada em cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Unicastelo em Fernandópolis, SP, no período de dezembro de 2007 a dezembro de 2008, mediante levantamento realizado em 75 animais, compreendendo trinta (40%) machos adultos, nove (12%) machos jovens, trinta (40%) fêmeas adultas e seis (8%) fêmeas jovens. Os cães foram avaliados com base em informações fornecidas pelos proprietários, utilizando um questionário comportamental. Da população geral estudada, 35 cães (47%) apresentavam vocalização excessiva, 29 (39%) realizavam micção em locais impróprios, 17 (23%) defecavam em locais impróprios e 22 (29%) destruíam objetos nos períodos de ausência dos donos. A análise dos resultados obtidos permite concluir que, dos 75 animais estudados, 51(68%) apresentaram SAS, sendo 23 machos adultos (77%), 6 machos jovens (67%), 19 fêmeas adultas (63%) e 3 fêmeas jovens (50%).

The separation anxiety syndrome (SAS) is defined by a group of altered behaviors showed by dogs when they are left alone, contributing for the most common behavior problems in this specie. The basic clinical signs of SAS are the following: distress vocalization (whining, barking, howling), destructiveness and house soiling. SAS reduce the animal’s life quality and is a frequent cause of abandonment and euthanasia of these dogs. The goal of this research was to verify the occurrence of SAS in dogs from Fernandopolis, SP, referred to the veterinary hospital of Unicastelo, in the period lying between december/2007 and december/2008. Seventy five animals were studied, comprising 30 (40%) adult males, 9 (12%) young males, 30 (40%) adult females and 6 (8%) young females. The dogs were evaluated through data given by the owners, according to a behavior questionnaire. From the general studied population, 35 dogs (47%) showed distress vocalization, 29 (39%) dogs showed micturition at inappropriate places, 17 (23%) dogs showed defecation at inappropriate places and 22 (29%) showed destructiveness during the periods of the owner’s absence. From the obtained results we may conclude the occurrence of SAS in 68% of the studied dogs.