Women's skin care behaviors: How to influence sunscreen use.

BACKGROUND: It is well known that women have been plagued by various skin problems. However, research on the characteristics of women's skin at different ages is still inadequate. In addition, there is a lack of research on the extent of women's skincare habits and skin care awareness. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey on skin was carried out in Shanghai, China, which was conducted by means of a questionnaire. 3678 women, aged 18-59 years, participated in the study. The information collected focused on the importance they place on their skin, the skin problems they have, and their use and perception of skin care products. RESULTS: Before the age of 25, the most common skin problems that women face are dryness and oiliness, while after the age of 30, skin-ageing issues begin to appear and worsen with age. In addition, the higher the level of education, the higher the frequency of and compliance with sunscreen use, and the economy also affects women's use of sunscreen. Importantly, the importance women place on their skin and the level of sunscreen awareness affects women's use of sunscreen. CONCLUSIONS: This study was conducted to understand the skin characteristics of women of different age groups as well as to determine the factors that influence the use of sunscreens, which will not only promote women's skin care practices and product development, but also provide important clues for future activities on sunscreen use and health promotion.

Deodorant pad for ulcerated breast cancer: safety and efficacy.

OBJECTIVES: APOLLO study, 'efficacy and safety of the deodorAnt Pad against Odour and uLceration for LOcally advanced breast cancer', aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of wearing a deodorant pad in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) with an ulceration. METHODS: Komagome Pads were previously developed by Juntendo University and Kao Corporation. In test A, a conventional pad consisting of gauze, a commercially available diaper, pad, etc and the Komagome Pad were compared over 3 days to assess their efficacy and possible improvements for short-term use. In test B, the Komagome Pad was used continuously for 1 month to evaluate its safety during long-term use. RESULTS: This study included 14 patients in test A and nine in test B. In odour evaluation using sensory testing in test A, nine patients reported more significant efficacy in odour suppression with the Komagome Pad. The odour intensity of the Komagome Pad was lower on the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The group with a high level of exudation reported significantly higher satisfaction with the Komagome Pad. In test B, no adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: A new deodorant pad for LABC demonstrated high safety and deodorant efficacy.

The Role of Probiotics in Skin Care: Advances, Challenges, and Future Needs.

The skin, being the largest organ in the human body, plays a pivotal role in safeguarding the body against invasive pathogens. Therefore, it is essential to reinforce and protect this vital organ. Current research supports the impact of probiotics on skin health and their ability to alleviate various skin disorders. However, the effectiveness and probable side effects of probiotics in skin care remain a subject of debate, necessitating further investigation and analysis. Hence, this study aims to highlight existing gaps and future needs in the current research on probiotics in skin care and pave the way for future investigations. Therefore, we scrutinized the effects of oral (fermented foods and dietary supplements) and non-oral/topical probiotics on skin care, and the mechanism of probiotics that affect skin health. The results of most studies showed that fermented foods containing probiotics, particularly dairy products, positively impact skin health. The research results regarding the efficacy of probiotic supplements and live strains in treating skin disorders show promising potential. However, safety evaluations are crucial, to identify any potential adverse effects. While research has identified numerous potential mechanisms by which probiotics may influence skin health, a complete understanding of their precise mode of action remains elusive. However, it seems that probiotics can exert their positive effects through the gut-skin and gut-skin-brain axis on the human body. Therefore, following the identification of safe probiotics, additional studies should be carried out to establish optimal dosages, potential side effects, suitable regulatory guidelines, and validation methods.

Persistent eschar-like wound healing after Q-switched 1064 nm hybrid nanosecond-picosecond laser monochromatic tattoo removal: management and evolution.

Q-switched (QS) Nd: YAG lasers are frequently utilised light sources for tattoo removal due to their precise micro-confined photo-acoustic interaction with exogenous and endogenous pigments. In order to achieve optimal results, several treatment sessions are usually required. However, the number of sessions depend on tattoo size, design complexity, pigment quantity within dermal layers, and anatomical location. Higher energy settings have often been used to reduce treatment sessions to a minimum however, this approach may lead to possible post-laser skin complications such as pathological wound healing. This case report highlights the importance of recognizing early stages of pathological wound healing encountered after high fluence 1064 nm QS laser tattoo removal. Early implementation of a proportional wound care strategy with anti-neoangiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties through the unconventional use of potent topical steroids applied in a pulsed fashion resulted in positive control of the tissue repair processes. This approach led to effective wound healing re-modulation achieving near normal skin remodelling and optimal tissue healing which in turn, permitted the completion of necessary QS tattoo removal sessions to accomplish successful and safe tattoo fading whilst maintaining overall patient satisfaction.

Treatment of Atrophic Acne Scarring with Fractional Microplasma Radiofrequency: A Multicentric Experience.

Background: Atrophic scarring is a severe form-disfiguring sequela of acne, which can lead to negative effect on patients' life. Fractional microplasma radiofrequency (RF) has emerged as a promising modality, leveraging dermal fibroblast remodeling to enhance aesthetic results for scars and hyperpigmentation. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of high-power fractional microplasma RF for atrophic acne scars, considering patient tolerance to procedural discomfort. Methods: In this prospective study, 95 Chinese patients with atrophic facial acne scars underwent three sessions of fractional microplasma RF treatment, with assessments at 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment. Patients were categorized based on treatment power: Group A (50-70 W) and Group B (70-85 W). Efficacy was determined by three independent dermatologists using digital photographs and Echelle d'Evaluation Clinique des Cicatrices d'Acné (ECCA) scores, and patient-reported outcomes gauged satisfaction levels. Results: Eighty-six patients completed the study. Significant improvements were observed, with a reduction in ECCA scores from 107.21 to 42.27 (P<0.05), demonstrating notable scar amelioration across both groups, albeit with a superior outcome in Group B. All patients experienced transient side effects such as pain, erythema, and edema, deemed tolerable with no long-term adverse effects reported. The treatment was well-received, with high satisfaction rates, underscoring its efficacy and acceptable safety profile. Conclusion: Fractional microplasma RF therapy, particularly at higher power settings, is an effective and safe option for treating atrophic acne scars, offering significant aesthetic improvement with manageable discomfort. This modality presents a valuable addition to acne scar management strategies, especially for patients with darker skin tones seeking minimal downtime and reduced risk of hyperpigmentation.

Anti-wrinkle efficacy of standardized phenolic acids polymer extract (PAPE) from propolis: Implications for antiaging and skin health.

BACKGROUND: The increasing quest for effective and safe antiaging skincare solutions has led to a surge in the exploration of natural compounds such as phenolic acids. Despite the proven efficacy of traditional antiaging ingredients like retinol, their associated side effects have necessitated the search for alternatives. AIMS: This study aimed to assess the anti-wrinkle efficacy of a standardized phenolic acids polymer extract (PAPE) from propolis, employing both in vitro and clinical methodologies to explore its suitability as a novel antiaging skincare ingredient for sensitive and nonsensitive skin types. PATIENTS/METHODS: The study comprised of evaluating PAPE effects on key skin health biomarkers in dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. A double-blind, randomized clinical trial involving female participants aged 30-70 years assessed the wrinkle-reducing effectiveness of face creams formulated with two concentrations of PAPE (1.5% and 3%) over a 28-day period. RESULTS: In vitro studies indicated that PAPE could modulate inflammation and tissue remodeling biomarkers. The clinical trial demonstrated that applying PAPE-enriched cream resulted in significant wrinkle reduction, with 25% and 34% improvements for the 1.5% and 3% PAPE formulations, respectively. Subjective feedback from participants further validated the antiaging efficacy and overall satisfaction with the product. CONCLUSION: Incorporating PAPE offers a compelling antiaging solution, significantly reducing wrinkle depth with a favorable safety profile. The study substantiates PAPE's potential as an effective and safe alternative to conventional antiaging ingredients, aligning with the cosmetic industry's shift toward natural, evidence-based formulations.

Real-world experience with a treatment with a skincare regimen of products containing the Macrocystis pyrifera ferment for optimizing facial skin rejuvenation.

BACKGROUND: Specialized aesthetic skincare treatments are an important part of helping reduce facial signs of aging. AIMS: This article highlights real-world experience with a Macrocystis pyrifera ferment-containing skincare regimen comprising a cleansing foam, a serum, and a moisturizer with anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-erythema, and healing properties for facial skin condition improvement. PATIENTS/METHODS: The real-world case (RWC) series presented highlights and the expert panel's clinical experience with the M. pyrifera ferment-containing skincare regimen used for 12 weeks to improve facial skin conditions. The panelists convened a meeting to discuss and select RWCs from their practice using the M. pyrifera ferment-containing skincare regimen. RESULTS: The RWC series showed that erythema and inflamed, easily irritated skin bother patients, even when it is mild. Reducing inflammation, erythema, and visible signs of facial aging and improving skin health contributed to patient satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The M. pyrifera ferment-containing skincare regimen comprising a cleansing foam, a serum, and a moisturizer is effective in decreasing the visible effects of inflammation and signs of aging while promoting healing by enhancing barrier resilience and recovery.

Factors affecting consumers' repurchase intention toward skin care cosmetics: A cross - sectional study in Vietnam.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting consumers' repurchase intentions of skincare cosmetics in Can Tho city. By examining consumers' knowledge, behaviors, and factors impacting their intention of repeatedly buying skincare products, manufacturers and sales businesses are able to more effectively comprehend their clients' demands. Data were collected from 531 consumers residing in the area of Can Tho city, Vietnam, who had bought skincare products for the second time or more. The survey using the cross-sectional method and a set of questionnaires was based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and developed on the 5-point Likert scale. The factors impacting repurchase intentions for skincare merchandise involve attitude, reliability of signal quality, and retailer credibility, with attitude being the most powerful influence, followed by retailer credibility and reliability of signal quality respectively. These factors accounted for 27.5 % of behavior variance. The clarity element of signal quality reliability does not affect behavioral intention. Cosmetic companies can develop policies, improve the quality of their products in order to suit the customer needs, retain potential clients, and enhance their competitive capability.

Relationship Between Maternal Emotional Distress and Early Dyadic Interactions During Hospitalization of Preterm Infants in Malawi.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between emotional distress and mother-preterm infant interactions among mothers who used skin-to-skin care and to explore their experiences of childbirth and continuous skin-to-skin care. DESIGN: A sequential, explanatory, mixed-methods design. SETTING: A neonatal nursery in a tertiary-level hospital in Malawi. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-four mother-preterm infant dyads; we interviewed 15 of these mothers. METHODS: We administered surveys to assess emotional distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and worry about infant health) and video-recorded mother-infant interactions. We used regression analysis to assess the relationship between indicators of emotional distress and mother-infant interactions and further examined whether skin-to-skin care was associated with maternal distress. We used in-depth interviews to collect qualitative data and used content analysis to identify common themes. RESULTS: Symptoms of emotional distress were negatively associated with the frequency of infant negative behaviors and gestures, infant smiling, and mother looking and infant smiling when we controlled for the number of days administering continuous skin-to-skin care, gestational age, and severity of the infant's condition. Mothers reported that they felt stressed by providing continuous skin-to-skin care but appreciated its positive effects on the infant. CONCLUSION: Emotional distress while providing continuous skin-to-skin care was associated with poorer mother-preterm infant interactions The mental distress that mothers undergo while delivering continuous skin-to-skin care to their infants can be draining. It is essential for nurses to offer the required psychological support to enhance maternal mental health and encourage positive infant behavior and development. Health care systems need to support this level of nursing care.

The effect of support surface on the prevention of pressure injury in acute care settings: A multi-center prospective observational study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze if a multi-foam core mattress with a laminated cover can reduce the incidence of pressure injuries, compared to an alternating air mattress overlay among critically ill patients in acute settings. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. PARTICIPANTS: and setting: Patients with a Braden scale score ≤16 on intensive care unit admission at five general hospitals in Korea were included in this study between February 2022 and March 2022. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients in acute settings were enrolled and categorized into two groups: a multi-form core mattress with a laminated cover group (n = 60) and an alternating air mattress overlay group (n = 60). Data were collected for 7 days by wound care nurses. RESULTS: Pressure injury developed at a significantly lower rate in the multi-form core mattress with a laminated cover group (n = 4/60, 6.7 %) than in the alternating air mattress overlay group (n = 25/60, 25.0 %) (P = 0.011). Using a multi-foam core mattress with a laminated cover demonstrated a protective effect against pressure injuries (odds ratio 0.123, 95 % confidence interval 0.024-0.620, P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: A multi-foam core mattress with a laminated cover was significantly more effective than an alternating air mattress overlay in preventing pressure injury in critically ill patients.

A randomized, controlled, split-face, double-blind comparison of a multimodality pigment-correcting serum containing lotus sprout extract versus hydroquinone for moderate to severe facial hyperpigmentation, including melasma, in a diverse population.

Background: Hyperpigmentation results in uneven skin tone, with darker skin types disproportionately affected. Objective: Assess efficacy and safety of a novel, hydroquinone (HQ)-free, multimodal pigment-correcting serum (Advanced Brightening Treatment [ABT]) versus 4% HQ in moderate to severe hyperpigmentation, including melasma. Methods: In this split-face study, ABT and 4% HQ were applied topically on randomly assigned facial sides twice daily for 12 weeks. Hyperpigmentation, skin tone evenness, modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI), Melasma Quality of Life Questionnaire (MelasQoL), self-assessment questionnaires, and tolerability were assessed. Results: Subjects (n = 113; melasma subgroup, n = 44) were Asian (22%), Black/African American (27%), Hispanic (22%), and White/Caucasian (28%). ABT achieved comparable results to 4% HQ. ABT was well tolerated and resulted in improvement versus baseline at all visits in mean overall hyperpigmentation (-11.7% at week 12; P ≤ .001), skin tone evenness (-8.8%, P ≤ .005), and, in the melasma subgroup, mMASI (-50.6%; P ≤ .011) and MelasQoL scores (33.0 vs 46.6 for week 12 vs baseline, respectively; P ≤ .011), with similar results across racial subgroups. ABT was preferred over 4% HQ, with high satisfaction rate (≥89%). Limitations: Quality of life improvements per treatment were not evaluated separately. Conclusion: Efficacy and safety of ABT is comparable to 4% HQ in individuals with facial hyperpigmentation, including melasma, across multiple racial/ethnic backgrounds.

Peristomal skin care: seeking the solution to maintain skin integrity?

Francesca Ramadan reviews the mechanisms, benefits and limitations of the most common peristomal skin complication treatments, empowering stoma care practitioners to provide more effective and personalised solutions for their patients.

Atopic Dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic relapsing, and remitting inflammatory skin disease that is characterized by erythematous, scaly, and pruritic lesions often located over the flexural surfaces. Treatment goals of AD include the reduction of itching and burning, as well as the reduction of skin changes. Treatment of AD includes emollients and skin care, topical therapies including topical corticosteroids and steroid-sparing therapies, systemic therapies, and phototherapy.

The need for a holistic guide to prevent and manage radiation dermatitis in patients' with breast cancer: a case report.

Background: Radiation therapy (RT) is often indicated in the treatment of breast cancer following breast conserving surgery or mastectomy, yet carries a 95% risk of radiation dermatitis (RD) of varying severity within 1 to 4 weeks of treatment. The burdens of RT include skin breakdown, pain, psychological distress, and functional challenges. Given limited patient education regarding the prevention and management of RD, a Clinician Guide and Evidence-based Skin Care Plan were developed to offer a holistic, patient-centered approach to care, with optimal RD prevention and management strategies to enhance patients' quality of life and survival. Case Description: M.R. (a pseudonym) was a 64-year-old Caucasian woman, diagnosed with invasive adenocarcinoma of the left breast, underwent a lumpectomy with a positive sentinel node biopsy. Within 4 weeks of surgery, she received RT, 5 days a week for 6 weeks. Within 1 week, the skin of her breast and axilla was red and hyperpigmented with skin damage progressing to dryness, itching and flaking. At this point, she asked the Radiology team for a skin care protocol to prevent or reduce RD, but limited information was provided. Ultimately, her skin cracked, blistered and crusted, with the development of a skin infection. She expressed the significant impact on her physical, emotional and functional well-being, and lamented about the shortfalls in her care, specifically the limited availability of information to prevent and reduce RD. Conclusions: In order to prevent and minimize RD and to promote health, this case study highlights the need for an all-encompassing, patient-centered approach to care, which may be achievable by implementation of a Clinician Guide and an Evidence-based Skin Care Plan. Highlighted in the Clinician Guide are the importance of developing a trustworthy patient-clinician relationship, emotional support, social support, education, weekly physical assessments, assessment of overall adjustment to a cancer diagnosis and treatment, promotion of patient engagement and self-care, reinforcement of healthy lifestyles, and patient adherence to the Evidence-based Skin Care Plan during RT. These strategies are expected to decrease the physical, mental, and functional difficulties associated with RT, avoid treatment delays or discontinuation, and increase the likelihood of disease-free survival and quality of life.

Effects of consecutive bed bathing with weak versus ordinary pressure on skin barrier recovery of hospitalised older adults: A within-person randomised controlled trial.

AIM: Wiping pressure (WP [mmHg]) during bed baths is essential to maintain skin integrity and care quality for older adults. However, effects of different wiping pressures on skin barrier recovery over multiple days remain unclear. This study evaluated and compared the effects of consecutive bed bathing with weak pressure and that with ordinary pressure on skin barrier recovery of hospitalised older adults. METHODS: This within-person, randomised, controlled trial involved 254 forearms (127 patients) and was conducted at a general hospital. Forearms were blinded and randomly assigned a site and sequence of two bed bathing sessions: wiping three times with weak (10≤WP<20) and ordinary pressure (20≤WP<30) once per day for 2 consecutive days. The skin barrier was assessed daily based on transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (SCH) before and 15 min after the interventions. Dry skin was assessed using the overall dry skin score. RESULTS: A linear mixed model showed that the time courses of TEWL and SCH differed significantly between groups. Impaired skin barrier function caused by ordinary pressure on the first day did not recover to baseline values the next day, whereas weak pressure did not cause significant changes. During subgroup analyses, TEWL of patients with dry skin was more likely to increase with ordinary pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Despite decreased skin barrier recovery experienced by older adults, our findings suggest the safety of weak pressure and highlight the importance of WP during bed baths. Weak pressure is particularly desirable for patients with dry skin. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN000048838.

Design and synthesis of novel dihydropyridine- and benzylideneimine-based tyrosinase inhibitors.

Tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitors are very significant as they inhibit enzyme tyrosinase activity, and its inhibition is vital for skin care, anticancer medication, and antibrowning of fruits and vegetables. This work presents a novel and economical route for the preparation of new synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors using amlodipine (4). The novel conjugates 6 (a-o) were designed, synthesized, and characterized by spectroscopic analyses, including Fourier transform infrared and low- and high-resolution mass spectroscopy. The purified compound 4 was refluxed with various aldehydes and ketones 5 (a-o) for 5-8 h in methanol at 60°C-90°C. This research modified the drug in a step-by-step manner to develop therapeutic properties as a tyrosinase inhibitor. The structures of synthesized ligands 6 (a-o) were established based on spectral and analytical data. The synthesized compounds 6 (a-o) were screened against tyrosinase enzyme. Kojic acid was taken as standard. All the prepared compounds 6 (a-o) have good inhibition potential against the enzyme tyrosinase. Compounds 6o, 6b, 6f, and 6k depicted excellent antityrosinase activity. Compound 6k, with an IC50 value of 5.34 ± 0.58 µM, is as potent as the standard kojic acid (IC50 6.04 ± 0.11 µM), standing out among all synthesized compounds 6 (a-o). The in silico studies of the conjugates 6 (a-o) were evaluated via PatchDock. Compound 6k showed a binding affinity score of 8,999 and an atomic contact energy (ACE) value of -219.66 kcal/mol. The structure-activity relationship illustrated that the presence of dihydropyridine nuclei and some activating groups at the ortho and para positions of the benzylideneimine moiety is the main factor for good tyrosinase activity. The compound 6k could be used as a lead compound for drug modification as a tyrosinase inhibitor for skin care, anticancer medication, and antibrowning for fruits and vegetables.

Parents' Perception and Use of Skin-to-Skin Care in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Skin-to-skin care (SSC) between newborns and their parents provides many positive outcomes for both newborns and their parents. However, there is a lack of research assessing the perception of parents, especially fathers, of SSC in Saudi Arabia. PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to assess parents' perception of SSC in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used an online survey. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 140 parents of hospitalized neonates between January and June 2023. Data were collected from one private hospital (Dr. Soliman Fakeeh Hospital) and one public hospital (King Abdulla Medical Complex) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The parents' perceptions of SSC were assessed using the Parents' Perceptions of SSC tool. An independent t-test was used to compare mothers and fathers in their perceptions of SSC. RESULTS: One hundred and forty parents completed the online survey (70 females and 70 males). The majority of the parents did not use SSC with their babies (n=102, 73%), did not read or hear about the use and benefits of skin-to-skin care (n=100, 71%), and did not receive information or training on SSC from healthcare professionals (n=112, 80%). Mothers' perception of SSC was significantly higher than that of fathers (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Fathers' perception of SSC was lower than that of mothers. Awareness and training programs are needed to inform parents, especially fathers, regarding SSC and its benefits in Saudi Arabia.

Level of skin-to-skin care practices among postnatal mothers in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Even though skin-to-skin contact offers several advantages for the survival of the newborn, it is not often practiced in Ethiopia. For instance, hypothermia which increases the risk of neonatal mortality by five times is prevented by this practice. Despite this, there are inconsistent findings that can affect policymaking. Consequently, this metanalysis aimed to produce trustworthy national data regarding skin-to-skin care practice and its determinants among postpartum mothers in Ethiopia. Methods: A search of the publications was conducted using MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar. The program used for cleaning and analysis was STATA version 18.2. The random-effects model was utilized to estimate the pooled prevalence, which was then presented using a forest plot with a 95 % confidence interval. We evaluated heterogeneity using I2 and Cochrane Q statistics. Moreover, a visual examination of a funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used to evaluate publication bias. Results: This study included eight studies with a total of 10410 postpartum mothers. The overall level of skin-to-skin care practices was 48 % (95%CI: 31, 65. I2=99.38 %, P = 0.001). Based on subgroup analysis by year of publication, studies published between 2017 and 2019 years showed that the level of skin-to-skin care practice among postnatal mothers was 52 % (95 % CI: 14-89, I2 = 99.19). The knowledge of mothers about skin-to-skin care was significantly associated with practicing a level of skin-to-skin care. Conclusions: The findings showed that in Ethiopia, comparatively less than half of the newborns received skin-to-skin care. Moreover, there was a substantial correlation between the mother's knowledge and practice of skin-to-skin care. Therefore, both the government and all stakeholders should take coordinated action to improve and expand skin-to-skin care practices through health education, so that all postnatal mothers can practice this vital newborn care.

[Midwives as influencers in skin care for newborns at risk of atopic diseases : Survey of midwives' current recommendations]. / Hebammen als Influencer bei der Hautpflege atopisch prädisponierter Neugeborener : Eine Umfrage zu den aktuellen Empfehlungen von Hebammen.

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of atopic diseases remains high. Initial studies suggest that primary prevention with regular basic care may influence the incidence of atopic dermatitis in infants; however, data are unclear. Midwives play an important role in the care of women in the peripartum period and therefore also in providing advice on topics such as skin care, breastfeeding and nutrition of the newborn and young infant. The aim of this study was to determine the care recommendations for newborns by midwives. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among German midwives using questionnaires on the topic of newborn skin care. RESULTS: A total of 128 questionnaires were analyzed. The most common recommendations were oil-based herbal topicals (34.9%) and plain water (34.0%). Approximately 70% of midwives reported recommending various options when there was a known family history of atopic diathesis. It was remarkable that most of the midwives' recommendations were identical regardless of the presence of an atopic diathesis. Essential care products are only used "when necessary". CONCLUSION: Training programs for midwives on the topic of "care and strengthening of the skin barrier", taking into account the current guidelines for allergy prevention, should be implemented.

Gender perspective in the implementation of hygiene in cardiology intensive care.

INTRODUCTION: Hygiene in critical patients is an essential daily care, provided under safe conditions, to promote comfort and maintain the integrity of skin and mucous membranes, however, it can generate feelings of dependence and vulnerability in patients. The aim of this post hoc study is to know the differences in satisfaction and lived experience regarding bed hygiene in an intensive care unit according to biological sex and gender perspective. METHODS: Observational, descriptive and prospective study in which an ad hoc questionnaire was administered to 148 conscious and oriented patients of legal age. The questionnaire was completed 24-48 hours after admission to the unit, once the initial bed hygiene had been performed. RESULTS: Males experienced conformism (51%), embarrassment (31%) and relief (9%); Women felt conformism (35.4%), embarrassment (18.8%) and relief (29.2%) (p < 0.05). Women experienced a feeling of cleanliness in 89.1% compared to 56.1% of men (p < 0.05). Men were offered to wash their genitals in 72.9% compared to 35.7% of women (p < 0.05). 34.3% of men would prefer a family member to assist them during hygiene (62.9% by their wives), compared to 27.1% of women who would prefer a family member (84.6% by their daughters). CONCLUSION: Women tolerate bed hygiene better than men and appreciate more the feeling of cleanliness. Women are identified as caregivers, both professionally and in the family, and patients prefer them to collaborate in the performance of hygiene, being wives preferred by men and daughters preferred by women.