The Effect of Salivary Contamination on the Shear Bond Strength of Seventh- and Eighth-generation Adhesive Systems.

Aim: To compare the effect of salivary contamination on the shear bond strength (SBS) of seventh- and eighth-generation adhesives. Materials and methods: Specimens were randomly divided into group I and group II, subdivided into three subgroups of 11 samples. Subgroup IA-seventh-generation uncontaminated (control); adhesive; air-dried; light cured. Subgroup IB-seventh-generation adhesive; saliva application, air-dried; light cured. Subgroup IC-seventh-generation adhesive; saliva application, air-dried, reapplication of adhesive, air-dried, light cured. Subgroup IIA- eighth-generation uncontaminated (control); adhesive, air-dried; light cured. Subgroup IIB- eighth-generation adhesive; saliva application, air-dried; light cured. Subgroup IIC-eighth-generation adhesive, saliva application, air-dried, reapplication of adhesive, air-dried; light cured. Following bonding procedure, composite resin restoration was done and subjected to SBS analysis. Results: Mean SBS of eighth-generation adhesive was higher compared to seventh with and without saliva contamination. Reduction of SBS in seventh- and eighth-generation after saliva contamination was regained by reapplication of adhesive, which was less compared to the control [statistically significant (p < 0.05) for seventh and statistically not significant for eighth-generations]. Conclusion: The eighth-generation adhesives show better SBS with and without saliva contamination and reapplication of eighth-generation adhesives significantly improved the SBS close to the control. Clinical significance: Single-step self-etch adhesives are the adhesives which are currently used for bonding composite restorations to dentin. The adhesive bond strength can be adversely affected by moisture contamination, especially by saliva, which can lead to failure of restoration. So, it is imperative to study a material which gives better bond strength and is less affected by salivary contamination and effect of decontamination to regain the bond strength. The study concluded that eighth-generation adhesives showed higher mean SBS with and without saliva contamination and reapplication of eighth-generation adhesives significantly improved the bond strength close to the control group. How to cite this article: Mohan MC, Geetha P, Soman D, et al. The Effect of Salivary Contamination on the Shear Bond Strength of Seventh- and Eighth-generation Adhesive Systems. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-1):S63-S66.

Comparative evaluation of different surface treatments of the salivary contaminated dentin on the shear bond strength of self-etch adhesives: An in vitro study.

Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of different surface treatments of the salivary contaminated dentin on the shear bond strength of one-step self-etch adhesives. Materials and Methods: The coronal buccal surfaces of 50 human mandibular molars were ground to expose dentin. The specimens were randomly divided into five groups. Ten teeth were left uncontaminated and served as control group. Rest of the teeth were then divided based on the decontamination method used as follows: Group II (no decontamination done), Group III (decontamination with rinsing), and Group IV (decontamination with etching), Group V (decontamination with ethanol). Composite resin cylinders of 4 mm diameter and 4 mm length were fabricated on the surfaces. Shear bond strength testing was done in a universal testing machine, and the data were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance and KruskalWallis test. Intergroup comparison was made using MannWhitney U-test. Results: The highest bond strength was seen in Group 1, followed by and least in Group II. The difference was found to be statistically significant among all the groups. Group II and Group IV showed lower shear bond strength than Group I (control) and Group III (P < 0.05). The intergroup comparison shows significant differences between Group I with all the other groups. Conclusion: It was concluded that the use of decontaminant improved the bond strength to salivary contaminated dentin in self-etch adhesives.

Evaluation of intraoral optical scanning accuracy for fine structure reconstruction and occlusal records of inlay/onlay preparations.

AIM: The present study aimed to determine the impact of different degrees of salivary contamination and variations in occlusal force during intraoral scanning of inlay/onlay cavities on the accuracy of fine structure reconstruction and occlusal records. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Digital data of inlay/onlay models, collected using an intraoral scanner, were divided into 40 groups according to the restoration type (onlay or inlay), salivary contamination level (none, completely dry; mild, moist but not visually completely apparent; moderate, half-filled cavity; severe, filled-up cavity), and simulated occlusal force (0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 kg). The acquired 120 datasets were used to measure the average interocclusal space and cavity buccolingual internal angle. RESULTS: Salivary contamination and occlusal force did affect the occlusal contact (P < 0.001), but restoration type did not (P > 0.05). An interaction was found between inlay type and salivary contamination (P < 0.001), but not between occlusal force and salivary contamination (P > 0.05). Salivary contamination also affected the accuracy of fine structure reconstruction (P < 0.001), but restoration type did not (P > 0.05), and no interaction was found between the two factors (P > 0.05). The difference in the measured internal angle increased with the increase in salivary contamination. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoral optical scanning of inlay/onlay preparations was reliable for recording occlusal contact but showed uncertainty in cavity fine structure reconstruction when moderate or severe salivary contamination was present in the cavity. Nevertheless, a moist cavity surface with no visually apparent salivary contamination is acceptable. (Int J Comput Dent 2022;25(3):257-265; doi: 10.3290/j.ijcd.b2599691).

Cleaning Zirconia Surface Prior To Bonding: A Comparative Study of Different Methods and Solutions.

PURPOSE: To evaluate resin cement bond strength after removal of salivary contamination from a zirconia surface using different cleaning solutions and air-borne particle abrasion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One-hundred and twenty zirconia specimens (KATANA STML, Noritake) were prepared and divided into 12 groups (n = 10). Groups were subjected to a notched-edge shear bond strength test (ISO 29022) to analyze the bonding efficiency of a resin cement (Panavia V5, Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc.) before and after contamination with saliva. Group 1 (control) was prepared and cemented without salivary contamination. Group 2 was coated with ceramic primer (Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus, Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc.) then subjected to salivary contamination then tested. Group 3 was contaminated, cleaned by air-borne particle abrasion, ceramic primer and resin cement applied, and tested. Groups 4 to 12 were contaminated, and then different cleaning solutions (water, 4.5% hydrofluoric acid, 35% phosphoric acid, Ivoclean, KATANA cleaner, Zirclean, sodium hypochlorite 4%, and 7.5%) were used to decontaminate the zirconia surface, followed by ceramic primer, resin cement application, and tested. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: One-way ANOVA showed statistical differences among cleaning procedures (p < 0.001, F = 13.48). Air-borne particle abrasion was the only group which provided a bond strength (21 ± 2.8 MPa) that was not statistically different than the control group in which no contamination occurred (25.3 ± 3.3 MPa) (p = 0.247). The use of hydrofluoric acid and zirconia cleaning solutions resulted in bond strengths values which were not statistically different from each other (17.5-19.1 MPa). CONCLUSION: Air-borne particle, zirconia cleaning solutions and hydrofluoric acid are feasible to decontaminate the zirconia surface from saliva prior to bonding the restoration.

[Effects of three self-etch adhesives and mild salivary contamination on the bonding durability of deciduous teeth].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the bonding durability of three different self-etch adhesives to primary enamel and dentin, and to investigate the effect of mild salivary contamination followed by air drying on the bonding durability. METHODS: Two hundred and forty enamel specimens were divided randomly into 16 groups (n=15/group)according to the adhesive system [self-etch adhesives: Clearfil SE Bond(SE), AdperTM Easy One (EO), Scotchbond Universal (SBU); total-etch adhesive: AdperTM Single Bond Plus(SL)], contamination status (non-contaminated vs. salivary-contaminated) and storage condition (stored in distilled water for 24 h vs. aging mode 5 000 thermal cycles in 5 ℃ and 55 ℃). Two hundred and forty dentin specimens were assigned in the same way. Shear bond strength for 12 specimens in each group were measured. The adhesive interface for the residual specimens in each group was observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Data were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance and Tukey test(P < 0.05). RESULTS: For primary enamel, total-etch adhesive showed higher initial shear bond strength values (28.92±1.83) MPa and shear bond strength values (27.27±3.03) MPa after thermal cycles compared with the other groups, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Shear bond strength values of EO decreased significantly in salivary-treated groups, regardless of storage conditions, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). For primary dentin, shear bond strength values of EO decreased significantly in salivary-treated groups after 24 h (P < 0.01). After 5 000 thermal cycles, total-etch adhesive showed significantly lower shear bond strength values (14.31±1.97) MPa compared with the other groups, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01), and shear bond strength values of EO were significantly lower than those in SE and SBU groups (P < 0.01), regardless of contamination status. CONCLUSION: Total-etch adhesive SL has better bonding durability to primary enamel. SE and SBU have better bonding durability to primary dentin and have a certain resistance to salivary contamination, while the bonding performance of EO is compromised greatly by mild salivary contamination followed by air drying.

Effects of three self-etch adhesives and mild salivary contamination on the bonding durability of deciduous teeth / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the bonding durability of three different self-etch adhesives to primary enamel and dentin, and to investigate the effect of mild salivary contamination followed by air drying on the bonding durability.@*METHODS@#Two hundred and forty enamel specimens were divided randomly into 16 groups (n=15/group)according to the adhesive system [self-etch adhesives: Clearfil SE Bond(SE), AdperTM Easy One (EO), Scotchbond Universal (SBU); total-etch adhesive: AdperTM Single Bond Plus(SL)], contamination status (non-contaminated vs. salivary-contaminated) and storage condition (stored in distilled water for 24 h vs. aging mode 5 000 thermal cycles in 5 ℃ and 55 ℃). Two hundred and forty dentin specimens were assigned in the same way. Shear bond strength for 12 specimens in each group were measured. The adhesive interface for the residual specimens in each group was observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Data were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance and Tukey test(P < 0.05).@*RESULTS@#For primary enamel, total-etch adhesive showed higher initial shear bond strength values (28.92±1.83) MPa and shear bond strength values (27.27±3.03) MPa after thermal cycles compared with the other groups, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Shear bond strength values of EO decreased significantly in salivary-treated groups, regardless of storage conditions, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). For primary dentin, shear bond strength values of EO decreased significantly in salivary-treated groups after 24 h (P < 0.01). After 5 000 thermal cycles, total-etch adhesive showed significantly lower shear bond strength values (14.31±1.97) MPa compared with the other groups, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01), and shear bond strength values of EO were significantly lower than those in SE and SBU groups (P < 0.01), regardless of contamination status.@*CONCLUSION@#Total-etch adhesive SL has better bonding durability to primary enamel. SE and SBU have better bonding durability to primary dentin and have a certain resistance to salivary contamination, while the bonding performance of EO is compromised greatly by mild salivary contamination followed by air drying.

The effect of saliva decontamination procedures on dentin bond strength after universal adhesive curing.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of multiple decontamination procedures for salivary contamination after curing of a universal adhesive on dentin bond strength according to its etch modes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two extracted bovine incisors were trimmed by exposing the labial dentin surfaces and embedded in cylindrical molds. A universal adhesive (All-Bond Universal, Bisco) was used. The teeth were randomly divided into groups according to etch mode and decontamination procedure. The adhesive was applied according to the manufacturer's instructions for a given etch mode. With the exception of the control groups, the cured adhesive was contaminated with saliva for 20 sec. In the self-etch group, the teeth were divided into three groups: control, decontamination with rinsing and drying, and decontamination with rinsing, drying, and adhesive. In the etch-and-rinse group, the teeth were divided into four groups: control, decontamination with rinsing and drying, decontamination with rinsing, drying, and adhesive, and decontamination with rinsing, drying, re-etching, and reapplication of adhesive. A composite resin (Filtek Z350XT, 3M ESPE) was used for filling and was cured on the treated surfaces. Shear bond strength was measured, and failure modes were evaluated. The data were subjected to one-way analysis of variation and Tukey's HSD test. RESULTS: The etch-and-rinse subgroup that was decontaminated by rinse, drying, re-etching, and reapplication of adhesive showed a significantly higher bond strength. CONCLUSIONS: When salivary contamination occurs after curing of the universal adhesive, additional etching improves the bond strength to dentin.

Influence of salivary contamination on the dentin bond strength of two different seventh generation adhesive systems: In vitro study.

AIM: To investigate the effect of salivary contamination on the bond strength of two different seventh generation adhesive systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty caries-free human premolars with flat dentin surfaces were randomly divided into six groups of 10 teeth each and bonding was done using seventh-generation bonding agents Adper Easy One (3M ESPE) and Xeno V (Dentsply). Following the bonding procedure, resin composite was bonded to the surfaces using a plastic mould. The prepared specimen with composite cylinders attached were placed in 37°C distilled water for 24 h and then subjected to shear bond strength (SBS) with 0 h universal testing machine and the data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance and unpaired t-test. RESULTS: Statistical significant difference between the Groups I, II and III in which Adper Easy One was used and similarly for Groups IV, V, and VI in which Xeno V was used. When an intergroup comparison was made using unpaired t-test Group II and Group V showed the nonsignificant difference. CONCLUSION: Salivary contamination significantly affects the SBS of both the seventh generation dentin bonding agents. However, 2-hydroxyethyl methacryate based adhesive has higher bond strength.

The effect of saliva decontamination procedures on dentin bond strength after universal adhesive curing

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of multiple decontamination procedures for salivary contamination after curing of a universal adhesive on dentin bond strength according to its etch modes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two extracted bovine incisors were trimmed by exposing the labial dentin surfaces and embedded in cylindrical molds. A universal adhesive (All-Bond Universal, Bisco) was used. The teeth were randomly divided into groups according to etch mode and decontamination procedure. The adhesive was applied according to the manufacturer's instructions for a given etch mode. With the exception of the control groups, the cured adhesive was contaminated with saliva for 20 sec. In the self-etch group, the teeth were divided into three groups: control, decontamination with rinsing and drying, and decontamination with rinsing, drying, and adhesive. In the etch-and-rinse group, the teeth were divided into four groups: control, decontamination with rinsing and drying, decontamination with rinsing, drying, and adhesive, and decontamination with rinsing, drying, re-etching, and reapplication of adhesive. A composite resin (Filtek Z350XT, 3M ESPE) was used for filling and was cured on the treated surfaces. Shear bond strength was measured, and failure modes were evaluated. The data were subjected to one-way analysis of variation and Tukey's HSD test. RESULTS: The etch-and-rinse subgroup that was decontaminated by rinse, drying, re-etching, and reapplication of adhesive showed a significantly higher bond strength. CONCLUSIONS: When salivary contamination occurs after curing of the universal adhesive, additional etching improves the bond strength to dentin.

In vitro evaluation of influence of salivary contamination on the dentin bond strength of one-bottle adhesive systems.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of salivary contamination on the bond strength of one-bottle adhesive systems - (the V generation) at various stages during the bonding procedure and to investigate the effect of the contaminant removing treatments on the recovery of bond strengths. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study the V generation one-bottle system - (Adper Single Bond) was tested. Fifty caries-free human molars with flat dentin surfaces were randomly divided into five groups of ten teeth each: Group I had 15 second etching with 35% Ortho Phosphoric acid, 15 second rinse and blot dried (Uncontaminated); Group II contaminated and blot dried; Group III contaminated and completely dried; Group IV contaminated, washed, blot dried; Group V contaminated, retched washed, and blot dried. The bonding agent was applied and resin composite (Z-100 3M ESPE) was bonded to the treated surfaces using the Teflon mold. The specimens in each group were then subjected to shear bond strength testing in an Instron Universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm / minute and the data were subjected to one way ANOVA for comparison among the groups (P<0.05). RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the group that was dried with strong oil-free air after contamination (Group III) and the other groups. When the etched surface was contaminated by saliva, there was no statistical difference between the just blot dry, wash, or the re-etching groups (Groups II, IV, V) if the dentin surface was kept wet before priming. When the etched dentin surface was dried (Group III) the shear bond strength decreased considerably. CONCLUSION: The bond strengths to the tooth structure of the recent dentin bonding agents are less sensitive to common forms of contamination than assumed. Re-etching without additional mechanical preparation is sufficient to provide or achieve the expected bond strength.

Effects of saliva contamination and decontamination procedures on shear bond strength of self-etch dentine bonding systems: An in vitro study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the effect of saliva contamination on the shear bond strength of two self-etch dentine bonding systems and also investigate the effect of decontamination procedure on the recovery of bond strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty premolars extracted for orthodontic reason were obtained and the buccal surfaces of teeth were reduced to create a flat dentine surface. The samples were randomly divided into three sub-groups for AdheSE (ASE) (Ivoclar - Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and three sub-groups for Adper Prompt Self-Etch Adhesive (ADP) (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) of 10 each. For AdheSE (ASE); ASE-I was the control group (primer applied to fresh dentine surface), ASE-II was the contamination group (primer applied, followed by saliva contamination and then air dried) and ASE-III was the decontamination group (primer applied, followed by saliva contamination, air dried and then primer reapplied). For Adper Prompt (ADP); ADP-I was the control group (self-etch adhesive applied to fresh dentine surface), ADP-II was the contamination group (self-etch adhesive applied, followed by saliva contamination and then air dried) and ADP-III was the decontamination group (self-etch adhesive applied, followed by saliva contamination, air dried and then self-etch adhesive reapplied). Followed by the bonding procedure, a 5 mm composite resin block with Filtek P-60 (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) was built on the substrate. Shear bond strength (SBS) was tested with Instron Universal testing machine (Instron Corporation, Canton, MA, USA) with a cross head speed of 1 mm per minute. Data obtained was subjected to one way ANOVA test, while the inter group comparison was made using Tukey's multiple comparison and Unpaired t-test. RESULTS: In AdhSE group (ASE), the sub-group ASE-II (contamination group) [5.4 ± 2.2 MPa] showed lower SBS than ASE-I [11.8 ± 2.6 MPa] and ASE-III [8.9 ± 3.3 MPa], which was statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the bond strength between the ASE-I (control group) and ASE-III (decontamination group). In Adper Prompt group (ADP), there was a severe decrease of bond strength in ADP-II (contamination group) [4.6 ± 1.1 MPa] when compared to ADP-I (control group) [7.4 ± 1.4 MPa] and ADP-III (decontamination subgroup) [14.1 ± 2.2 MPa] which was statistically significant. The bond strength of ADP-III wherein Adper Prompt bonding agent was reapplied after salivary contamination was found to be statistically significant than ADP-I and ADP-II. CONCLUSION: Saliva contamination reduces the dentine bond strength of both the self-etch systems; AdheSE and Adper Prompt. Re-application of the primer for the AdheSE and re-application of the adhesive for the Adper Prompt after air drying the saliva off can recover the dentine bond strength. In the Adper Prompt group, the added application of adhesives to decontaminate saliva not only recovered the bond strength but also improved it significantly.

The effect of silane treatment timing and saliva contamination on shear bond strength of resin cement to porcelain / 대한치과보철학회지

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Porcelain veneers have become a popular treatment modality for aesthetic anterior prosthesis. Fitting porcelain veneers in the mouth usually involve a try-in appointment, which frequently results in salivary contamination of fitting surfaces. PURPOSE: An in vitro study was carried out to investigate the effect of silane treatment timing and saliva contamination on the resin bond strength to porcelain veneer surface. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cylindrical test specimens (n = 360) and rectangular test specimens (n = 5) were prepared for shear bond test and contact angle analysis. Whole cylindrical specimens divided into 20 groups, each of which received a different surface treatment and/or storage condition. The composite resin cement stubs were light-polymerized onto porcelain adherends. The shear bond strengths of cemented stubs were measured after dry storage and thermocycling (3,000 cycles) between 5 and 55 degrees C. The silane and their reactions were chemically monitored by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis (FTIR) and contact angle analysis. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett' multiple comparison were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: FT-IR analysis showed that salivary contamination and silane treatment timing did not affect the surface interactions of silane. Observed water contact angles were lower on the saliva contaminated porcelain surface and the addition of 37 percent phosphoric acid for 20 seconds on saliva contaminated porcelain increased the degree of contact angle. Silane applied to the porcelain, a few days before cementation, resulted in increasing the bond strength after thermocycling. CONCLUSION: Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that it would be better to protect porcelain prosthesis before saliva contamination with silane treatment and to clean the contaminated surface by use of phosphoric acid.

The influence of salivary contamination on the shear bond strength of two newer generation dentin bonding agents - An in vitro study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether salivary contamination during various stages of the bonding procedures of Xeno III and Clearfil SE Bond influences shear bond strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS: THE OCCLUSAL SURFACES OF THIRTY SIX MAXILLARY PREMOLAR TEETH WERE GROUND AND DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS CONTAINING EIGHTEEN SPECIMENS EACH, WHICH WAS SUBDIVIDED INTO THREE SUB GROUPS: Group I - Xeno III, Group II - Clearfil SE Bond, Subgroup A - Uncontaminated (control), Subgroup B - Contaminated with saliva before application and light curing, Subgroup C - Contaminated with saliva after light curing. Composite resin Filtek Z350 was packed using Teflon mold cured and subjected to shear bond strength analysis using universal Instron machine. RESULTS: Statistical analysis was made using One-way ANOVA and Tukeys HSD test. Clearfil SE Bond showed very high statistically significant reduction in the bond strength, when salivary contamination took place after light curing; whereas, Xeno III showed very high statistically significant reduction when salivary contamination took place before application and light curing. CONCLUSION: Clearfil SE Bond showed more tolerance to salivary contamination of dentin and higher shear bond strength value, when compared to Xeno III.

Bond strength of a pit-and-fissure sealant associated to etch-and-rinse and self-etching adhesive systems to saliva-contaminated enamel: individual vs. simultaneous light curing

This study evaluated in vitro the shear bond strength (SBS) of a resin-based pit-and-fissure sealant [Fluroshield (F), Dentsply/Caulk] associated with either an etch-and-rinse [Adper Single Bond 2 (SB), 3M/ESPE] or a self-etching adhesive system [Clearfil S3 Bond (S3), Kuraray Co., Ltd.] to saliva-contaminated enamel, comparing two curing protocols: individual light curing of the adhesive system and the sealant or simultaneous curing of both materials. Mesial and distal enamel surfaces from 45 sound third molars were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=15), according to the bonding technique: I - F was applied to 37 percent phosphoric acid etched enamel. The other groups were contaminated with fresh human saliva (0.01 mL; 10 s) after acid etching: II - SB and F were light cured separately; III - SB and F were light cured together; IV - S3 and F were light cured separately; V - S3 and F were light cured simultaneously; VI - F was applied to saliva-contaminated, acid-etched enamel without an intermediate bonding agent layer. SBS was tested to failure in a universal testing machine at 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Fisher's test (α=0.05).The debonded specimens were examined with a stereomicroscope to assess the failure modes. Three representative specimens from each group were observed under scanning electron microscopy for a qualitative analysis. Mean SBS in MPa were: I-12.28 (±4.29); II-8.57 (±3.19); III-7.97 (±2.16); IV-12.56 (±3.11); V-11.45 (±3.77); and VI-7.47 (±1.99). In conclusion, individual or simultaneous curing of the intermediate bonding agent layer and the resin sealant did not seem to affect bond strength to saliva-contaminated enamel. S3/F presented significantly higher SBS than the that of the groups treated with SB etch-and-rinse adhesive system and similar SBS to that of the control group, in which the sealant was applied under ideal dry, noncontaminated conditions.

Este estudo avaliou in vitro a resistência ao cisalhamento (RC) de um selante resinoso [Fluroshield (F), Dentsply/Caulk] em associação com um sistema adesivo de condicionamento total [Adper Single Bond 2 (SB), 3M/ESPE] ou auto-condicionante [Clearfil S3 Bond (S3), Kuraray Co., Ltd.] após contaminação salivar do esmalte, comparando dois protocolos: fotopolimerização individual do sistema adesivo e do selante ou simultânea de ambos os materiais. Superfícies mesiais e distais de esmalte de 45 terceiros molares hígidos foram aleatoriamente alocadas em 6 grupos (n=15), de acordo com a técnica adesiva empregada: I - F foi aplicado sobre o esmalte condicionado com ácido fosfórico a 37 por cento. Os demais grupos foram contaminados com saliva (0,01 mL por 10 s) após o condicionamento ácido. II - SB e F foram fotopolimerizados separadamente; III - SB e F foram fotopolimerizados simultaneamente; IV - S3 e F foram fotopolimerizados separadamente; V - S3 e F foram fotopolimerizados simultaneamente; VI - F foi aplicado sobre o esmalte condicionado e contaminado sem sistema adesivo. RC foi testada em uma máquina universal de ensaios (0,5 mm/min; 50 kgf) e os dados analisados por ANOVA a 1 fator e teste exato de Fisher (α=0,05). As interfaces adesivas foram analisadas quanto ao padrão de fraturas em estereomicroscópio. Três espécimes de cada grupo foram analisados qualitativamente em microscópio eletrônico de varredura. As médias de RC em MPa foram: I-12,28 (±4,29); II-8,57 (±3,19); III-7,97 (±2,16); IV-12,56 (±3,11); V-11,45 (±3,77); e VI-7,47 (±1,99). Conclui-se que a fotopolimerização individual ou simultânea do sistema adesivo e do selante não afetou os valores de RC ao esmalte contaminado. S3/F apresentou RC estatisticamente maior do que os grupos tratados com o sistema adesivo etch-and-rinse SB e estatisticamente semelhante ao grupo controle, no qual o selante foi aplicado em condições ideais, na ausência de contaminação salivar.

Efeito dos sistemas adesivos sobre a resistência ao cisalhamento de selantes, em condições de contaminação salivar: avaliação in vitro / Effect of the adhesive systems on sealant shear bond strength, after salivary contamination: in vitro evaluation

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar "in vitro" a resistência ao cisalhamento de um selante (White Sealant Concise), associado a dois sistemas adesivos (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus-3M e One Step-BISCO), em condições de contaminação salivar. Superfícies vestibular, lingual e proximais de 125 terceiros molares humanos hígidos, recém-extraídos foram desgastadas e planificadas, e os dentes divididos, aleatoriamente, em 5 grupos experimentais (n=25): material I - primer do SBMPP+selante; material II - adesivo do SBMPP+selante; material III - primer + adesivo do SBMPP+selante; material IV - adesivo One Step+selante e grupo V - selante. Os espécimes foram condicionados com ácido fosfórico durante 30 segundos, contaminados, com saliva humana fresca, durante 20 segundos e submetidos a 5 tratamentos diferentes para cada material: A - as superfícies foram secas; B - lavadas e secas; C - lavadas, secas, recondicionadas; D - não foram secas e E - não houve contaminação salivar. Após a inclusão em gesso, os corpos de prova foram termociclados (400 ciclos com temperatura variando entre 5ºC e 55ºC), e submetidos aos testes de resistência ao cisalhamento. Constatou-se que com a aplicação do adesivo One Step (material IV), em todas as condições de tratamento (A-E), os valores de resistência ao cisalhamento foram maiores, com diferença estatisticamente significante, em relação aos demais materiais. Na condição D (contaminar e não secar), nos materiais II (adesivo do SBMPP e selante) e V (selante), houve uma redução significantemente acentuada na resistência ao cisalhamento

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of the adhesive systems (Scotchbond Multi-purpose Plus-3M e One Step-BISCO) on selant shear bond strength (White Sealant - Concise), after salivary contamination. The approximal, buccal and ligual surfaces of one hundred and twenty-five sound third human molars, recently-extracted, were divided into 5 groups (n=25): group I, primer of Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus; group II, adhesive of Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus; group III, primer and adhesive of Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus; group IV, adhesive One Step and, group V, selant applied without association with adhesive systems. Each surface was acid etched for 30 seconds and than contamined by human saliva for 20 seconds and divided in five experimental conditions for each group: the surfaces were dried (A); washed and dried (B); washed, dried, re-etched, washed and dried (C); kept wet (D) and no contamination by saliva after etching (E). Shear bond strength tests were accomplished after the specimens have been included in improved dental stone using a circular matriz and than were termocycled (400 cycles with temperature varying between 5ºC and 55ºC). It was verified that with adhesive application the One Step (group IV), in all experimental conditions, the values of shear bond strength were greater, with statistically significant difference. In the condition D (to contaminate and not dried), in the groups II (adhesive of Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus) and in the group V (sealant), there were a statistically significant reduction in the values of the shear bond strength

The effects of salivary contamination of acid-etched enamel on bracket bond strength / 대한치과교정학회지

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of salivary contamination of etched enamel on shear bond strength of a bracket adhered to etched enamel. Eighty extracted human permanent premolars were used in this study. These samples were divided into two groups. Buccal surface of samples were etched in vitro with 38% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds and 60 seconds. Each group was divided into four subgroups. Etched enamel surfaces were contaminated with saliva for 0, 1, 20, 60 seconds, washed and dried. Test surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscope(SEM). The shear bond strength of each sample was determined with a universal testing instrument(lnstron Co. Model 4201). Results were as follows; 1. Salivary contamination for 1, 20, 60 seconds did not affect shear bond strength when compared with the uncontaminated enamel group. 2. There was no significant difference(P>.05) in shear bond strength between 15 sec. and 60 sec. etching in uncontaminated enamel groups. 3. When samples were examined using SEM, organic materials coated enamel surface masked the etched pattern partially.