Anti-inflammatory Effects of Saxifrage Cream in Hapten-induced Chronic Dermatitis-eczema in Mice / 中草药·英文版

Objective Chronic dermatitis-eczema is a kind of inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritic and eczematous skin lesions. In the present study, we investigated the anti-allergic effect of Saxifrage cream on eczema-like skin lesions induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in mice. Methods KM mice were randomly divided into eight groups: normal group (Norm), model group (DNCB), positive group 1 (Dexamethasone cream, DEX), positive group 2 (Chinese herbal medicine Paeonol cream, PA), Saxifrage cream groups (equivalent to crude herb 1.25, 2.50, 5.00 g/g, S1, S2, S4), and negative group (Norm + S4). Except for the normal control group and negative control group, right ears of mice in other groups were repeatedly induced with 0.5% DNCB for four times for 3 d and previously sensitized with 7% DNCB to induce eczema. Then mice in different groups were treated by DEX, PA, S1, S2, and S4, respectively. After mice were sacrificed, weight difference of two ears, immune organ change, and pathological change of right ear were used to assess the effects of the drugs. Results Compared with model group, DEX, PA, S2, and S4 could significantly lower mice ear thickness and swelling degree, and improve eczema skin symptoms. Meanwhile, the index of thymus and spleen in treatment groups were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). What's more, the histological analysis demonstrated that thickening of the skin lesions were significantly reduced in DEX, S2, and S4-treated group, and the levels of IL-4 and IL-6 in serum could be reduced by DEX, S2, and S4. Conclusion Saxifrage cream has a protective function against DNCB-induced eczematous. The mechanism might be related to alleviate eczematous inflammatory reaction.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of bergenin, a main active constituent of Saxifraga stolonifera Curt., in normal and hepatic injury rats after oral administration.

Bergenin, isolated from the herb of Saxifrage stolonifera Curt. (Hu-Er-Cao) has hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and neuroprotective activities. The aim of the present study was to establish a simple, rapid, and sensitive RP-HPLC method for determination of bergenin in rat plasma and compare its oral pharmacokinetic behaviors in normal and CCl4-induced hepatic injury rats. With norisoboldine as an internal standard, chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 analytical column with acetonitrile and water (11 : 89, V/V) containing 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase. A good linearity was obtained over the range of 100-10 000 ng·mL-1. The lower limit of quantification was 50 ng·mL-1. The developed method was successfully applied to a study of the pharmacokinetic difference of bergenin (100 mg·kg-1) between normal and hepatic injury rats after oral administration. Marked alterations of pharmacokinetic parameters in hepatic injury rats were observed. Compared to normal rats, the AUC(0-∞) of bergenin in hepatic injury rats was elevated to 2.11-fold and Cmax was increased by 130%, whereas CL value was only 55% of the normal rats, suggesting that the systemic exposure of bergenin was significantly increased under hepatic injury status.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of bergenin, a main active constituent of Saxifraga stolonifera Curt., in normal and hepatic injury rats after oral administration / 中国天然药物

Bergenin, isolated from the herb of Saxifrage stolonifera Curt. (Hu-Er-Cao) has hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and neuroprotective activities. The aim of the present study was to establish a simple, rapid, and sensitive RP-HPLC method for determination of bergenin in rat plasma and compare its oral pharmacokinetic behaviors in normal and CCl-induced hepatic injury rats. With norisoboldine as an internal standard, chromatographic separation was performed on a C analytical column with acetonitrile and water (11 : 89, V/V) containing 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase. A good linearity was obtained over the range of 100-10 000 ng·mL. The lower limit of quantification was 50 ng·mL. The developed method was successfully applied to a study of the pharmacokinetic difference of bergenin (100 mg·kg) between normal and hepatic injury rats after oral administration. Marked alterations of pharmacokinetic parameters in hepatic injury rats were observed. Compared to normal rats, the AUC of bergenin in hepatic injury rats was elevated to 2.11-fold and C was increased by 130%, whereas CL value was only 55% of the normal rats, suggesting that the systemic exposure of bergenin was significantly increased under hepatic injury status.

Cryptic introgression into the kidney saxifrage (Saxifraga hirsuta) from its more abundant sympatric congener Saxifraga spathularis, and the potential risk of genetic assimilation.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Although hybridization can play a positive role in plant evolution, it has been shown that excessive unidirectional hybridization can result in replacement of a species' gene pool, and even the extinction of rare species via genetic assimilation. This study examines levels of introgression between the common Saxifraga spathularis and its rarer congener S. hirsuta, which have been observed to hybridize in the wild where they occur sympatrically. METHODS: Seven species-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analysed in 1025 plants representing both species and their hybrid, S. × polita, from 29 sites across their ranges in Ireland. In addition, species distribution modelling was carried out to determine whether the relative abundance of the two parental species is likely to change under future climate scenarios. KEY RESULTS: Saxifraga spathularis individuals tended to be genetically pure, exhibiting little or no introgression from S. hirsuta, but significant levels of introgression of S. spathularis alleles into S. hirsuta were observed, indicating that populations exhibiting S. hirsuta morphology are more like a hybrid swarm, consisting of backcrosses and F2s. Populations of the hybrid, S. × polita, were generally comprised of F1s or F2s, with some evidence of backcrossing. Species distribution modelling under projected future climate scenarios indicated an increase in suitable habitats for both parental species. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of introgression observed in this study in both S. spathularis and S. hirsuta would appear to be correlated with the relative abundance of the species. Significant introgression of S. spathularis alleles was detected in the majority of the S. hirsuta populations analysed and, consequently, ongoing introgression would appear to represent a threat to the genetic integrity of S. hirsuta, particularly in areas where the species exists sympatrically with its congener and where it is greatly outnumbered.

Determination of Quercitrin in Saxifrage by HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for the determination of quercitrin in Saxifrage.METHODS:The analysis was performed on C18 column(150mm?4.6mm,5?m),the mobile phase was MeOH-0.2%H3PO4 (45∶55)with a flow rate at 1.0ml/min and wavelength at 350nm under room temperature.RESULTS:There was a good linear relationship when the sample size of quercitrin was at a range of 0.40?g～2.00?g(r=0.9 996),the recovery was 95.33%with RSD at 2.80%.CONCLUSION:This method was simple,stable,fast,and reproducible and without the interference of impurity,which can be used for the content determination of quercitrin in Saxifrage.