Exploring informal science education responses to COVID-19 global pandemic: learning from the case of the Gwacheon National Science Museum in Korea.

Science museums have long been heralded as important informal science education sites where people can engage in voluntary and experiential science learning. In this paper, we identify and raise questions about how science museum responses to a global pandemic could impact on accessibility of informal science education for the public. To explore these issues, we examined the response of the Gwacheon National Science Museum (GNSM) to COVID-19 in South Korea using publicly available data from the museum website and museum YouTube video channel. Analysis shows that the pandemic has increased and diversified the GNSM's provision of science content for the general public via online platforms, such as YouTube and the museum website. In addition, GNSM educators are preparing special outreach education projects for deaf and blind visitors, who have often been excluded from informal science learning opportunities. By discussing these changes, we seek to raise questions about the potential for a global pandemic, like COVID-19, to affect informal science learning opportunities for a diverse group of people.

Controversy and Critical Exhibitions: Envisioning a Fourth Generation of Science Museums.

The book Controversy in Science Museums: Re-imagining Exhibition Spaces and Practice by Erminia Pedretti and Ana Maria Navas Iannini presents a masterful analysis of the nature of science museums and their exhibitions. Critical exhibitions challenge how science is represented traditionally and can be transformative by inspiring visitors to grapple intelligently with the serious socio-scientific issues encountered in their everyday lives. The book is an elegant exposition of theory, practice, and research, compiled by authors who know and understand this genre of science museum exhibitions. This review explores the themes that enable the authors to provide a thought-provoking, practical analysis that can assist the leaders of science museums to further the successful evolution of transformative and critical exhibitions.

L'ouvrage d'Erminia Pedretti et Ana Maria Navas Iannini intitulé « Controversy in Science Museums: Re-imagining Exhibition Spaces and Practice (Controverse dans les musées des sciences: repenser les lieux et les méthodes d'exposition)¼ offre aux lecteurs une magistrale analyse de ce que sont les musées à vocation scientifique et leurs expositions. Les expositions critiques remettent en question les représentations traditionnelles faites de la science et peuvent s'avérer transformatrices par leur capacité à inspirer les visiteurs à composer de façon intelligente avec les importants enjeux socioscientifiques qui se présentent dans leur quotidien. L'ouvrage s'avère une élégante compilation de théorie, de pratique et de recherche, rédigée par des auteurs qui connaissent et comprennent ce genre d'expositions muséales scientifiques. Ce compte rendu se penche sur les thèmes permettant aux auteurs de proposer une analyse pratique qui donne à réfléchir et qui peut aider les gestionnaires de musées des sciences à poursuivre plus avant l'évolution fructueuse d'expositions critiques et transformatrices.

Towards Fourth-Generation Science Museums: Changing Goals, Changing Roles.

Once dominated by a focus on collecting and preserving, and later communicating science through hands-on experiences, science museums are slowly reshaping their identities and purposes to explicitly include and promote active citizenship, social responsibility, engagement with complex science and technology issues, and agency. Informed by progressive views of scientific literacy and dialogic and participatory models of communication, science museums are beginning to re-imagine their spaces and practices to embrace broader goals. This theoretical paper explores and discusses the changing roles and identities of these institutions through the emergence of what we identify as fourth-generation science museums and their six defining drivers (Pedretti & Navas Iannini, 2020). We argue science museums can become places that (1) embrace change and transformation; (2) promote productive struggle; (3) develop allyship; (4) foster empathy; (5) support epistemic democracy; and (6) act as a hybrid third space.

Autrefois axés essentiellement sur la collecte et la préservation, puis sur la communication de la science par le biais d'expériences pratiques, les musées scientifiques remodèlent lentement leurs identités et leurs objectifs pour inclure et promouvoir explicitement la citoyenneté active, la responsabilité sociale, l'engagement dans des questions scientifiques et technologiques complexes et l'agentivité. Éclairés par une vision progressiste de la culture scientifique et des modèles dialogiques et participatifs de communication, les musées scientifiques commencent à réimaginer leurs espaces et leurs pratiques pour adopter des objectifs plus larges. Cet article théorique explore et discute les rôles et identités changeants de ces institutions à travers l'émergence de ce que nous identifions comme des musées des sciences de quatrième génération et leurs six moteurs déterminants (Pedretti & Navas Iannini, 2020). Nous soutenons que les musées scientifiques peuvent devenir des lieux qui : 1) accueillent le changement et la transformation ; 2) promeuvent l'effort productif ; 3) établissent d'alliances ; 4) favorisent l'empathie ; 5) soutiennent la démocratie épistémique ; et 6) agissent comme un troisième espace hybride.

Reimagining publics and (non) participation: Exploring exclusion from science communication through the experiences of low-income, minority ethnic groups.

This article explores science communication from the perspective of those most at risk of exclusion, drawing on ethnographic fieldwork. I conducted five focus groups and 32 interviews with participants from low-income, minority ethnic backgrounds. Using theories of social reproduction and social justice, I argue that participation in science communication is marked by structural inequalities (particularly ethnicity and class) in two ways. First, participants' involvement in science communication practices was narrow (limited to science media consumption). Second, their experiences of exclusion centred on cultural imperialism (misrepresentation and 'Othering') and powerlessness (being unable to participate or change the terms of their participation). I argue that social reproduction in science communication constructs a narrow public that reflects the shape, values and practices of dominant groups, at the expense of the marginalised. The article contributes to how we might reimagine science communication's publics by taking inclusion/exclusion and the effects of structural inequalities into account.

Understanding the public, the visitors, and the participants in science communication activities.

Despite the promotion of public engagement in science, there has been little empirical research on the sociocultural and attitudinal characteristics of participants in science communication activities and the extent to which such individuals are representative of the general population. We statistically investigated the distinctiveness of visitors to a scientific research institution by contrasting samples from visitor surveys and nationally representative surveys. The visitors had more cultural capital (science and technology/art and literature) and believed more in the value of science than the general public, but there was no difference regarding assessment of the levels of national science or of the national economy. A deeper examination of the variations in the visitors' exhibit-viewing behaviors revealed that individuals with more scientific and technical cultural capital viewed more exhibits and stayed longer at the events. This trend in exhibit-viewing behaviors remained consistent among the different questionnaire items and smart-card records.

Learning about microorganisms in childhood: four- to six-year-old children’s voice in kindergartens and museums

The main purpose of this research was to identify 4 to 6-year-old children’s ideas about microorganisms, taking into consideration the learning processes carried out in different educational contexts. To this end, data were collected from two institutions – a science museum and a kindergarten – by means of interviews, recorded conversations, drawings, and the application of a didactic sequence with the kindergarten group. A qualitative analysis of the data revealed that children associate the presence of microorganisms with dirty places and see them as pathological agents. The children demonstrated that they understand the idea of scale and the need for magnifying instruments. We found that they consider microorganisms morphologically similar to insects and that they use various scientific words appropriately. It was concluded that young children understand the theme "microorganisms", and that it should be addressed more actively by institutions that teach four- to six-year-olds, which are responsible for contributing to their scientific literacy and science learning in childhood. It is proposed that the following themes be developed in educational activities with young children: biodiversity, scale, biological functions, and relationships with humans and food.

[Museum, library, and archives of the German Society of Urology as a corporate museum : A neglected, sizeable dimension of scientific collections owened by professional societies]. / Museum, Bibliothek und Archiv der DGU als Corporate-Museum : Eine vernachlässigte Größe wissenschaftlicher Sammlungen von Fachgesellschaften.

Corporate museums make important contributions to science history and daily life. They are an essential part of the historical marketing of organizations, including scientific associations. The museum for the history of urology organized and housed by the German Society of Urology (DGU) can be compared to a corporate museum, because the institution serves two purposes: it represents the society to a wider public and it helps to reconstruct and analyze the history of urology and the history of the society. In a close collaboration with medical historians from all over the world the museum serves as a research institution for the history of urology. The institution is founded at the frontier between a commercial corporate museum similar to that of international companies and a classical scientific museum. The paper describes these aspects of the museum and discusses the inherent value of a museum for a scientific association.

O teatro em museus e centros de ciências no Brasil / Theater in Brazilian science museums and centers

Resumo O objetivo é compreender a apropriação do teatro como estratégia de divulgação científica por museus e centros de ciências brasileiros. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, realizada por meio de estudo descritivo e exploratório. Os dados foram coletados utilizando-se questionário, enviado por correio eletrônico a 24 instituições identificadas como museus e centros de ciências, seguindo critérios de inclusão até a saturação teórica, em resposta às questões norteadoras. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo, na modalidade análise temática transversal. Constatou-se que as ações realizadas pelos colaboradores podem ser classificadas na perspectiva do teatro como apoio didático.

Abstract This qualitative research, based on a descriptive and exploratory study, examines how theater is used as a science communication strategy by Brazilian science museums and centers. Data was collected through a survey emailed to 24 Brazilian institutions identified as science museums and centers. Content analysis was performed, using cross-sectional thematic analysis. It was found that respondents’ activities could be classified as approaching theater as an educational support.

The four cultures: Public engagement with science only, art only, neither, or both museums.

This study uses an art-and-science comparative lens to understand the science culture, particularly the public engagement with science museums. A representational Taiwanese sample of 1863 subjects was categorized into "four cultures," who visit science only, art only, neither, or both museums, resulting in six multivariate logistic regression models. Knowledge of science, interests in scientific and social issues, and socio-demographic variables were considered in the models. Adults with children and males prefer science museums, females prefer art museums, and the young and urban intellects show no strong preference, appearing to be open to both science and art museums. The findings show the complex decisions the public make in visiting museums. It is no longer a strictly science or art decision, as framed by Snow's "The Two Cultures" argument; rather, the possibility of visiting both museums has emerged, a phenomenon we describe as cognitive polyphasia.

O Impacto de uma Atividade Não formal no Cotidiano da Escola / The Impact of an Informal Activity in Daily School

Os espaços não formais de educação podem ser utilizados por professores para abordar temas contextualizados e interdisciplinares visando despertar o interesse, a curiosidade e a motivação nos alunos. Neste trabalho, os conteúdos tratados durante uma visita ao Espaço COPPE Miguel de Simoni são utilizados por uma turma de 33 alunos de nível médio na elaboração de um projeto para uma atividade posterior desenvolvida na escola. As especificidades da aprendizagem em museus são consideradas a partir do referencial teórico adotado, o modelo de John Falk. No entanto, é importante para o professor desenvolver ferramentas avaliativas tanto no que se refere ao procedimento de mediação quanto às impressões causadas nos alunos. Desta forma, os objetivos deste trabalho são contribuir para a discussão sobre a avaliação na educação não formal e evidenciar como atividades não formais podem auxiliar nas atividades escolares formais. O desempenho diferenciado da turma visitante comparado com as demais 28 turmas que não visitaram o museu e a análise do questionário aplicado permitiram concluir que a visita e as atividades pós-visita foram capazes de impressionar de forma positiva e conferir ganhos afetivos e cognitivos aos alunos visitantes(AU)

Informal education settings can be used by teachers to address contextualized and interdisciplinary themes aiming to arouse interest, curiosity and motivation students. In this work, the contents covered during a visit to Espaço COPPE Miguel de Simoni are used by a group of 33 students in the preparation of a project for a later activity developed in school. The specifi cs of learning in museums are considered from the theoretical approach, the model of John Falk. However, it is important for the teacher to develop evaluative tools both in regard to the mediation procedure as the students impressions. Thus, the objectives of this article are to contribute to the discussion on evaluation in informal education and show how informal activities can assist in formal school activities. The outstanding performance of the visiting group compared with the other 28 groups that have not visited the museum and the analysis of the questionnaire showed that the visit and post-visit acti viti es were able to positively impress and give affective and cognitive gains to visiting students(AU)

O impacto de uma atividade não formal no cotidiano da escola / The impact of an informal activity in daily school

Os espaços não formais de educação podem ser utilizados por professores para abordar temas contextualizados e interdisciplinares visando despertar o interesse, a curiosidade e a motivação nos alunos. Neste trabalho, os conteúdos tratados durante uma visita ao Espaço COPPE Miguel de Simoni são utilizados por uma turma de 33 alunos de nível médio na elaboração de um projeto para uma atividade posterior desenvolvida na escola. As especificidades da aprendizagem em museus são consideradas a partir do referencial teórico adotado, o modelo de John Falk. No entanto, é importante para o professor desenvolver ferramentas avaliativas tanto no que se refere ao procedimento de mediação quanto às impressões causadas nos alunos. Desta forma, os objetivos deste trabalho são contribuir para a discussão sobre a avaliação na educação não formal e evidenciar como atividades não formais podem auxiliar nas atividades escolares formais. O desempenho diferenciado da turma visitante comparado com as demais 28 turmas que não visitaram o museu e a análise do questionário aplicado permitiram concluir que a visita e as atividades pós-visita foram capazes de impressionar de forma positiva e conferir ganhos afetivos e cognitivos aos alunos visitantes

Informal education settings can be used by teachers to address contextualized and interdisciplinary themes aiming to arouse interest, curiosity and motivation students. In this work, the contents covered during a visit to Espaço COPPE Miguel de Simoni are used by a group of 33 students in the preparation of a project for a later activity developed in school. The specifi cs of learning in museums are considered from the theoretical approach, the model of John Falk. However, it is important for the teacher to develop evaluative tools both in regard to the mediation procedure as the students impressions. Thus, the objectives of this article are to contribute to the discussion on evaluation in informal education and show how informal activities can assist in formal school activities. The outstanding performance of the visiting group compared with the other 28 groups that have not visited the museum and the analysis of the questionnaire showed that the visit and post-visit acti viti es were able to positively impress and give affective and cognitive gains to visiting students

Avaliação do grau de inserção dos museus de ciências na realidade escolar da Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro / Assessing the degree of insertion of the science museum in the school's Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro

Um museu ou centro de ciências tem como uma de suas propostas norteadoras complementar a educação formal. Partindo dessa premissa, investigamos no presente trabalho, mediante questionários e entrevistas, o quanto as atividades dos museus de ciências estão inseridas na prática pedagógica dos docentes da Baixada Fluminense/RJ. Utilizamos as ferramentas da metodologia qualitativa, e os dados obtidos na pesquisa foram categorizados à luz da análise de conteúdo. A partir desses resultados, desenvolvemos um projeto piloto de formação continuada de professores no Espaço Ciência InterAtiva (ECI), do Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ) e, ao final do trabalho, avaliamos o impacto que esse programa exerceu sobre os participantes. Os resultados demonstram que um número expressivo de docentes da Baixada Fluminense/RJ ainda não compreende que museus de ciências (espaços de educação não formal) podem atuar como facilitadores no processo de ensino/aprendizagem. Todavia, o projeto piloto do ECI proporcionou algumas transformações favoráveis nos docentes participantes, bem como rompeu resistências em relação a determinados conceitos científicos

O contexto do visitante na experiência museal: semelhanças e diferenças entre museus de ciência e de arte / The personal context of a museum experience: similarities and differences between science and art museums

Destaca-se, neste artigo, o desenvolvimento de pesquisas que elucidem não só o perfil socioeconômico do visitante e do não-visitante de museus, mas também seus hábitos culturais, interesses gerais de lazer e percepções de arte, ciência e outros temas tratados por essas instituições. Quanto mais soubermos sobre o contexto pessoal do visitante, mais poderemos aperfeiçoar sua experiência museal, de modo a instigar sua ida e seu retorno aos museus, nos quais terá suas expectativas, seus desejos e necessidades mais amplamente respondidos. Enfatiza-se, também, a importância da cultura local para a formação do contexto pessoal e para a construção de cada experiência museal. Apresentam-se exemplos da bibliografia sobre o tema, com destaque para os trabalhos desenvolvidos no Brasil e as contribuições que pesquisas em museus de arte podem trazer para os museus de ciências.

The article focuses on the development of research that illuminates not only the socioeconomic profiles of museum visitors and non-visitors but also their cultural habits, general entertainment interests, and their perceptions of art, science, and other topics addressed at these institutes. The more we know about a visitor's personal context, the more we can enhance his or her museum experience, thereby encouraging further museum visits during which his or her expectations, wishes, and needs will be more fully met. The article also focuses on how local culture plays an important part in shaping both personal context as well as each museum experience. Some examples are provided from the literature, above all concerning studies in Brazil and the contributions that research at art museums may have for science museums.

A pesquisa educacional e a produção de saberes nos museus de ciência / Educational research and the production of knowledge at science museums

Propõe-se uma reflexão sobre processos de socialização do conhecimento científico, com base nos conceitos de transposição didática/museográfica e recontextualização, no âmbito dos museus de ciências. Analisam-se formas de produção de conhecimento nos espaços de museus e discutem-se desafios e possibilidades do uso de conceitos indicados nas pesquisas sobre divulgação e educação nesses locais. Considerações sobre o impacto desses aspectos são esboçadas, no que contribuem para o desenvolvimento da prática pedagógica museal. Os processos de transformação do conhecimento científico com fins de ensino e divulgação não são meras simplificações, já que novos saberes são produzidos pelas relações que ocorrem no âmbito da cultura museal.

The article examines the processes by which scientific knowledge is socialized, based on the concepts of museographic/didactical transposition and recontextualization within the realm of science museums. Ways of producing knowledge in museums are analyzed, alongside a discussion of the potential challenges and possibilities involved when applying these concepts to research on dissemination and education in a museum setting. Some considerations are advanced on how these may contribute to the development of pedagogical practice in museums. The processes by which scientific knowledge is transformed for the purpose of educating and disseminating knowledge do not merely simplify ideas and concepts, since new knowledge is constructed inside the realm of museum culture.

Museus, ciência e educação: novos desafios / Museums, science, and education: new challenges

Este artigo discute a conformação do papel social dos museus de ciência pelo fazer científico e tecnológico, pelas demandas da sociedade e pelas questões educacionais, sobretudo na negociação com seus públicos. Analisam-se a trajetória de consolidação dos museus de ciência no Brasil e as modificações dessas instituições impostas pela sociedade atual. Discute-se como a comunicação tornou-se o centro da discussão sobre cultura museal, especialmente por redimensionar o aspecto educacional segundo a concepção de práticas sociais, consideradas recursos fundamentais. Examina-se, também, a incorporação das idéias de 'risco' e 'incerteza' produzidas pela ciência a essa nova forma de pensar os museus, na qual público e processos comunicacionais são valorizados.

The article discusses how the social role of science museums is shaped by scientific and technological endeavor, society's demands, and educational issues, above all in negotiations with a museum's audiences. The text also analyzes the trajectory taken by Brazil's science museums in their process of consolidation and the changes current society has imposed on these institutes. Communication has become the center of the discussion on museum culture, particularly in that it adjusts the educational aspect according to the conception of social practices, which are deemed fundamental resources. Lastly, the article examines the incorporation of the ideas of 'risk' and 'uncertainty', produced by science, into this new way of thinking about museums, which values the public and communication processes.

The science centre movement in Índia: a conspectus / O movimento dos centros de ciência na Índia: um resumo

The present article is about the development of the science museum net in India started in 1956, when the government of that country created the Industry and Technology Museum in Calcutta. In the 1960's and 1970's, due to the need of simple programs for rural communities and small villages, the idea of Mobile Science Exhibits (MSE) started. In order to take universal scientific concepts to those who could not visit museums, the Museobus was projected. At that time, the educational focus in museums changed from exhibiting artifacts to encouraging learning through "doing". The Exploratorium in San Francisco influenced the approach of museums in India. While the first Science Centre was built in Mumbai, the Planning Commission of the Indian government created a task force to study the development of Sciences Museums. In 1978, the National Council of Science Museums (NCSM) was created as an independent institution, which later became part of the Ministry of Education and Social Welfare. Twenty-five years after the creation of the Council, the movement for informal science teaching had acquired a solid background. In 1978, their priority was to expand the net of Science Centres and Museums. Now, the priority is to achieve better quality and more efficient communication. Nowadays, Indian Science Centres evaluate the impact their activities have on individual, social and economic reality. With new technologies and approaches, they try to emphasize their relevance in a society that is characterized by having a great number of languages and poor education in science.

Este artigo trata da evolução da rede de museus de ciência na Índia desde 1956, quando o governo deste país estabeleceu um Museu Industrial e Tecnológico em Calcutá. Nos anos 1960-70, colocou-se a necessidade de programas simples que atraíssem as comunidades de vilas rurais e pequenas cidades. Surgiu, então, o conceito de 'Exposição de Ciência Móvel' (MSE): levar até aqueles que não podiam ir aos Museus as mensagens universais da ciência por meio de um ônibus projetado com este fim, o 'Museobus. O conceito de educação nos Museus mudou, então, substituindo-se a ênfase em artefatos pelo conceito de se aprender "fazendo". O Exploratorium criado em São Francisco influenciou os Museus de Ciência indianos. Enquanto era construído o primeiro Centro de Ciências em Mumbai, a Comissão de Planejamento do governo indiano criou uma força tarefa para estudar o crescimento dos Museus da Ciência. Em 1978, incorporou uma sociedade autônoma – 'Conselho Nacional de Museus da Ciência' (NCSM) – depois anexado ao Ministério da Educação e do Bem-estar Social. Quando este Conselho completou 25 anos, tinha adquirido uma posição sólida o movimento do ensino de ciência informal. Em 1978, a prioridade era a expansão da rede de Museus e Centro de Ciência. A prioridade agora é a qualidade e a comunicação mais eficiente. Os Centros de Ciência indianos atualmente estudam o impacto de suas atividades nos níveis individuais, sociais e econômicos. Com a adoção de novas tecnologias e abordagens, tentam conservar sua relevância numa sociedade caracterizada pela diversidade de idioma e costumes e pela falta de instrução científica.

The "total" museum, a tool for social change / O museu "total", uma ferramenta para a mudança social

Science museums encourage not only scientific knowledge and methodology, but also people's opinion about scientific issues. This has been the main concern of Barcelona's Museo de la Ciência de la Fundación "la Caixa" throughout its twenty years of existence. According to the author of the present article, the goals of "total museology" comply with the new trend some museums have been following. So that this new trend becomes more sound and widespread, it is necessary to create new concepts for museology. The first science museums were natural history and tools and machinery museums, which displayed artifacts in glass cases to visitors. Their mission was also that of preserving collections for the use of scientists. Science museums of today display real phenomena and provide visitors' interaction with them. Whatever the topic it focus, a science museum is "concentrated reality" either of objects or phenomena. This is probably the main distinctive feature of museology and of other forms of scientific communication. For teachers and lecturers, words are the basic element of communication; for books and magazines, the written language. There are no films without images, as there is no radio without sounds. In a museum, there are no restrictions as to the use of simulation, models, graphic images or new technology, but just as accessories to reality, never as reality itself.

Os museus de ciências estimulam não apenas o conhecimento e o método científico como as opiniões sobre a ciência. Essa é a linha de pensamento em que se pauta há vinte anos o Barcelona's Museo de la Ciência de la Fundación "la Caixa". Segundo o autor do presente artigo, os objetivos da "museologia total" conformam nova tendência seguida por apenas alguns museus; para que se consolide, é necessário criar novos conceitos de museologia. Os primeiros museus de ciências eram de história natural ou museus de máquinas e instrumentos que exibiam artefatos em vitrines para o público; sua missão consistia também em preservar coleções para os cientistas. Os museus de ciências da atualidade exibem fenômenos reais e propiciam a interação dos visitantes com eles. Seja qual forem os temas de um museu de ciências, ele é "realidade concentrada", seja sob a forma de objetos ou de fenômenos. Esse talvez seja o principal traço distintivo da museologia e de outras formas de comunicação científica. Para o palestrante e o professor, as palavras são o elemento básico de transmissão; para os livros e os periódicos, a palavra escrita. Filmes sem imagens não existem, nem o rádio sem o som. Em um museu, não há restrições quanto ao uso de simulações, modelos, imagens gráficas ou tecnologias emergentes, mas apenas como acessórios da realidade, não para tomarem seu lugar.

Luz, arte, ciência... ação! / Lights, art, science - action!

O principal objetivo do presente artigo é refletir sobre as principais interações entre teatro, ciência e tecnologia, ao longo da história do teatro, e discutir, a partir de nossa experiência no Ciência em Cena, espaço integrante do Museu da Vida, de que modos essas interações podem estar presentes no cotidiano de um museu de ciências. A palavra 'ciência' deve ser compreendida aqui em sentido amplo, englobando não apenas as ciências naturais, mas também as ciências humanas, assim como a palavra 'tecnologia' deve ser associada à ciência aplicada. Arte e ciência serão entendidas como processos criativos, como formas de representação do mundo e expressão do conhecimento humano.

The article offers some reflections on the main interactions between theater, science, and technology down through the history of theater. Based on our experience at "Science in the Spotlight", part of the Casa de Oswaldo Cruz's Museum of Life, we discuss how these interactions can be part of a science museum's daily activities. We use the word 'science' in its broad sense, encompassing not only the natural but human sciences as well; likewise, we use the word 'technology' as it relates to applied science. Art and science are understood here as creative processes, as ways of representing the world and expressing human knowledge.