RESUMO
Coptoborus ochromactonus Smith and Cognato is a recently described xyleborine ambrosia beetle pest associated with balsa, Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. Ex Lam.) Urb., in Ecuador. This pest has caused significant loss of cultivated balsa in Ecuador, but little is known of its biology and ecology. Based on examination of multiple gallery systems, this study describes the gallery pattern and life cycle of C. ochromactonus and confirms the generic identity of the symbiotic fungus. Females initiated attack, excavating a gallery perpendicular to the bole. The primary tunnel branched into a secondary tunnel at a mean 3.13 mm. This first secondary tunnel was excavated in a horizontal plane between the phloem and xylem for a mean 18.0 mm. Along its length, two tertiary tunnels were constructed on each side, measuring a mean 26.0 and 20.0 mm, respectively. Conidiophores and conidia of an unidentified Fusarium sp. grew on the tunnel walls and were fed upon by the beetle and her progeny. Coptoborus ochromactonus exhibits sexual dimorphism. The female is 2.6 mm long and possesses a round pronotum, whereas the male is 2.2 mm long and has a quadrate pronotum. The developmental stages last a mean 6, 14, 6, 4 and 30 d for egg, larva, pupa, teneral adult, and adult, respectively, when reared at 25°C. Three larval instars were present, with mean head capsule widths of 0.23, 0.31, and 0.42 mm, respectively. In general, the life cycle of C. ochromactonus is similar to those described for other xyleborine ambrosia beetle species.
Assuntos
Bombacaceae , Besouros , Gorgulhos , Animais , Equador , Feminino , Masculino , PupaRESUMO
In this work the flight preference of nine species of the Scolytidae family was evaluated. These insects were captured with Escolitídeo/Curitiba and Marques/Carrano/Abreu traps, installed at heights of 1, 3, 5, 7,5, and 10m, in the Adolpho Ducke forest reserve, located at the km 22 of AM-10 road (Manaus, AM). An analysis of variance was carried out and the means were separated by the Tukey test. The results showed that, in both traps, the Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff species, Xyleborus sp.1 and Monarthrum sp.1, had preference for heights below 3m; Cryptocarenus heveae (Hagedorn) for heights above 5m, and Hypothenemus obscurus Fabricius, above 7,5m. Xylosandrus compactus Eichhoff had no preference for flight heights. On the other hand, Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood, Cryptocarenus diadematus Eggers, and Premnobius cavipennis Eichhoff presented discrepancy concerning flight preference, considering the kinds of trap utilised in this experiment.
Neste trabalho foi avaliada a preferência por altura de vôo de nove espécies da família Scolytidae, capturadas com armadilhas Escolitídeo/Curitiba e Marques/Carrano/Abreu, instaladas a 1; 3; 5; 7,5 e 10m de altura na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, no km 22 da rodovia AM-010 (Manaus, AM). Para isto foi feita uma análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. O resultado das análises mostraram que, independente da armadilha utilizada, Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, Xyleborus sp. 1 e Monarthrum sp. 1 apresentaram preferência de vôo por alturas inferiores a 3m; Cryptocarenus heveae (Hagedorn) mostrou preferência por alturas superiores a 5m; e Hypothenemus obscurus Fabricius acima de 7,5m; Xylosandrus compactus Eichhoff não apresentou preferência por qualquer altura de vôo. Cryptocarenus diadematus Eggers, Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood e Premnobius cavipennis Eichhoff apresentaram divergência quanto à tendência de vôo, em relação às armadilhas utilizadas.
RESUMO
In this work the flight preference of nine species of the Scolytidae family was evaluated. These insects were captured with Escolitídeo/Curitiba and Marques/Carrano/Abreu traps, installed at heights of 1, 3, 5, 7,5, and 10m, in the Adolpho Ducke forest reserve, located at the km 22 of AM-10 road (Manaus, AM). An analysis of variance was carried out and the means were separated by the Tukey test. The results showed that, in both traps, the Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff species, Xyleborus sp.1 and Monarthrum sp.1, had preference for heights below 3m; Cryptocarenus heveae (Hagedorn) for heights above 5m, and Hypothenemus obscurus Fabricius, above 7,5m. Xylosandrus compactus Eichhoff had no preference for flight heights. On the other hand, Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood, Cryptocarenus diadematus Eggers, and Premnobius cavipennis Eichhoff presented discrepancy concerning flight preference, considering the kinds of trap utilised in this experiment.
Neste trabalho foi avaliada a preferência por altura de vôo de nove espécies da família Scolytidae, capturadas com armadilhas Escolitídeo/Curitiba e Marques/Carrano/Abreu, instaladas a 1; 3; 5; 7,5 e 10m de altura na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, no km 22 da rodovia AM-010 (Manaus, AM). Para isto foi feita uma análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. O resultado das análises mostraram que, independente da armadilha utilizada, Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, Xyleborus sp. 1 e Monarthrum sp. 1 apresentaram preferência de vôo por alturas inferiores a 3m; Cryptocarenus heveae (Hagedorn) mostrou preferência por alturas superiores a 5m; e Hypothenemus obscurus Fabricius acima de 7,5m; Xylosandrus compactus Eichhoff não apresentou preferência por qualquer altura de vôo. Cryptocarenus diadematus Eggers, Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood e Premnobius cavipennis Eichhoff apresentaram divergência quanto à tendência de vôo, em relação às armadilhas utilizadas.