Compounds identified in plant extracts applied to agriculture and seed treatment / Compostos identificados em extratos vegetais aplicados na agricultura e no tratamento de sementes

Plant extracts effects have been regarded and proven in researches under different applications in agriculture, including seed treatment. The plant extracts effectiveness is attributed to the presence of certain classes of compounds; therefore, studies that aim to identify and quantify these composites, which are present in plant extracts used in agriculture, are important, as well as the seed treatment. This research aimed to understand and describe through a systematic review, what were the main carried approaches, classes and identified compounds in studies with plant extracts to different applications in agriculture and the seed treatment. The period 2015 to 2020 was the one that exposed the higher research publication indexes, considering the theme under analysis, plant extracts in agriculture, seeking to identify or quantify the presence of metabolic composites, indicating a growing interest in this theme. Such studies pursued identifying and/or quantifying the compounds that are present in the plant extracts. The phenolic compounds constitute the priority class of metabolites to different functions, effects and applications in agriculture, mainly in seed treatment. The terpenes present a substantial potential as bioinsecticides to agriculture. Plant species that are rich in phenolic and terpenes compounds are a significant source of alternative control in the protection of the productive system.

Efeitos de extratos vegetais têm sido apontados e comprovados em pesquisas sob diferentes aplicações na agricultura, incluindo o tratamento de sementes. A eficácia de extratos vegetais é atribuída a presença de certas classes de compostos, logo, sendo importante estudos que visam a identificação e quantificação destes compostos presentes em extratos de plantas usados na agricultura, bem como para o tratamento de sementes. Objetivou-se compreender e descrever, por meio de uma revisão sistematizada, quais as principais abordagens realizadas, classes e compostos identificados em estudos com extratos vegetais para diferentes aplicações na agricultura e no tratamento de sementes. O período 2015 a 2020 foi o que apresentou os maiores índices de publicações de pesquisas que exploram extratos vegetais na agricultura, buscando identificar e, ou quantificar os compostos presentes nos extratos vegetais. Os compostos fenólicos constituem a classe prioritária de metabólitos para diferentes funções, efeitos e aplicações na agricultura, principalmente no tratamento de sementes. Os terpenos apresentam grande potencial como bioinseticidas para a agricultura. Espécies de plantas ricas em compostos fenólicos e terpenos são fontes potenciais para controle alternativo na proteção de sistemas produtivos.

New protocol for rapid cassava multiplication in field conditions: a perspective on speed breeding.

Despite the economic and social importance, high-yielding cassava cultivars are only released after extensive research, mainly due to the low multiplication rate. This study aimed to assess the impact of using smaller-sized seed cuttings treated with agrochemicals (8MP) compared to the conventional planting size (16 cm) on genetic parameters, agronomic performance, and the ranking of cassava clones based on yield and growth attributes. The evaluation was carried out in clonal evaluation trial (CET), preliminary yield trial (PYT), and uniform yield trials (UYT). Additionally, a new selection scheme for cassava breeding programs was proposed. A total of 169 clones were evaluated, including 154 improved clones at different stages of selection and 15 local varieties used as checks. Field trials were conducted using both sizes of propagative material (8MP and 16 cm) in each phase of the breeding program. The data were analyzed using mixed models, considering the random effects of genotype and genotype-environment interaction (G×E) to determine variances and heritabilities. Bland-Altman concordance and correlation analysis of selection indices were employed to examine the consistency in the ranking of cassava clones using different seed cutting sizes. The distribution of variance components, heritabilities, means, and range of the 8MP and 16 cm trials in different phases of the cassava breeding program exhibited remarkable similarity, thereby enabling a comparative assessment of similar genetic effects. With a selection intensity of 30%, the concordance in clone ranking was 0.41, 0.57, and 0.85 in CET, PYT, and UYT trials, respectively, when comparing the selection based on 8MP and 16 cm trials. It is worth noting that the ranking of the top 15% remained largely unchanged. Based on the findings, proposed changes in the cassava selection scheme involve increasing the number of trials starting from the CET phase, early incorporation of G×E interaction, elimination of the PYT trial, reduction of the breeding cycle from 5 to 3 years, and a decrease in the time required for variety development from 11 to 9 years. These modifications are expected to lead to cost reduction and enhance the effectiveness of cassava breeding programs.

Germination and Vigor of Soybean and Corn Seeds Treated with Mixed Mineral Fertilizers.

The use of mixed mineral fertilizers consisting of macro- and micronutrients, which are already routinely used for leaf fertilization, in the treatment of corn and soybean seeds would positively influence germination and vigor, consequently improving growth and seedling development. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological potential of corn and soybean seeds treated with mixed mineral fertilizers. The seed treatment efficiency test with mixed mineral fertilizers was conducted at the Federal University of Jataí-UFJ-using Vital®, Lança®, Ídolo®, Massivo®, and their combinations. The treatments consisted of two controls for soybean and three for corn. Analysis of variance was performed using the F-test (p ≤ 0.05), and when there was significance, the means were compared using the Scott-Knott test (p ≤ 0.05). The mixed mineral fertilizers Vital® + Massivo® (T6), Lança® + Ídolo® (T7), and Vital® + Lança® + Ídolo® (T10) used in the seed treatment benefit the development of soybean (NS7667 IPRO) seeds. The treatments for corn (MG744 PWU) had little effect on germination and seedling development. The use of mixed mineral fertilizers in the seed treatments did not affect the physiological potential of the soybean and corn seeds, keeping the lots with germination values within commercialization standards.

Dust abraded from thiamethoxam-treated seed during sowing: Refining the risk assessment for native bees in Brazil.

During sowing using pneumatic machinery, dust may be abraded from pesticide-treated seed and contaminate adjacent bee-attractive off-crop areas. This study quantified the risk to native bees of dust released during sowing of Brazilian crop seeds treated with a thiamethoxam formulation (Cruiser 350FS). To address toxicity to native bees, adult acute contact LD50 data for thiamethoxam were collated from the literature, a species sensitivity distribution generated, and the HD5 calculated. The LD50 HD5 was used to refine the default safety factor applied to the honeybee acute contact LD50 from 10 to 5.45 for thiamethoxam. Crop-specific abraded dust data (Heubach dust and Heubach AI) were generated for seeds treated with Cruiser 350FS sourced from on-farm and industrial facilities. The mean Heubach dust levels was ranked as cotton = maize > sunflower = soybean > drybean. There was no correlation between the measured residues of thiamethoxam (Heubach AI) and those estimated in dust based on the thiamethoxam content of Cruiser 350FS. A hazard quotient (HQ) for each crop (based on application rate, the default dust deposition factor, and the honeybee contact LD50/10) identified risks during sowing for all crops. Refinement of the application rate with the measured 90th percentile Heubach dust (assuming 100% thiamethoxam) resulted in sowing of industrially treated soybean and on-farm treated cotton being identified as risks. Further refinement using either the measured 90th percentile Heubach AI or the acute contact LD50 (HD5 ) resulted in sowing of all crops treated with Cruiser 350FS as being identified as low risk. Similar high quality seed treatment should be demonstrated for other formulations containing insecticides with high toxicity to bees. Data on dust drift from machinery and crops more representative of those in Brazil may allow further refinement of the default dust deposition value of 17% used in this study. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1361-1373. © 2023 SETAC.

Effect of the association between insecticide and biostimulant on the physiological quality of rice seeds / Efeito da associação entre inseticida e bioestimulante na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de arroz

The seed is thevehicle for high productivity crops, as it carries the genetic potential and technology necessary for the success of a crop. And seed treatment has been a very important technology for the initial development of rice seeds. For this reason, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of seed treatment withCruiser Opti insecticide associated with the biostimulant EpívioTM at different dosages and during 0, 60, 90, 135 and 180 days after seed treatment. Rice seeds of the cultivar IRGA 424 RI were used. The treatments were: Control: Permit + Standk + Gaucho, T2-Cruiser Opti (0.5 L/100 Kg of seeds), T3 -EpivioTM (0.1 L/100 Kg of seeds), T4 -Cruiser Opti + EpivioTM (0.5 + 0.05 L/100 kg of seeds), T5 -Cruiser Opti + EpivioTM (0.5 + 0.1 L/100 kg of seeds) and T6 ­(0.5 + 0.2 L/100 kg of seeds). Seed quality was monitored through the germination test, cold test and emergence in trays. Under the conditions in which the work was carried out, we can conclude that the treatment composed of Cruiser Opti + EpivioTM, at a dose of 0.5 and 0.1 L/100Kg of seeds, respectively, provided better performance in the germination test in the evaluated periods when compared to the other treatments.(AU)

A semente é o veículo para lavouras de alta produtividade, pois carrega em si o potencial genético e tecnologia necessários para o sucesso de uma safra.E o tratamento de sementes vem sendo uma tecnologia de grande importante para o desenvolvimento inicial das sementes de arroz.Por este motivo,oobjetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do tratamento de sementes, com inseticida Cruiser Opti associado ao bioestimulante EpívioTMem diferentes dosagens e durante 0, 60, 90, 135 e 180 dias após o tratamento de sementes. Utilizou-se sementes de arroz da cultivar IRGA 424 RI. Os tratamentos foram: Testemunha: Permit + Standk + Gaucho, T2-Cruiser Opti (0,5 L/100 Kg de sementes), T3 -EpívioTM(0,1 L/100 Kg de sementes), T4 -Cruiser Opti + EpivioTM(0,5 + 0,05 L/100 kg de sementes), T5 -Cruiser Opti + EpivioTM(0,5 + 0,1 L/100 kg de sementes) e T6 ­(0,5 + 0,2 L/100 kg de sementes). A qualidade das sementes foi monitorada através do teste germinação, teste de frio e emergência em bandejas. Nas condições de realização do trabalho podemos concluir que otratamento composto por Cruiser Opti + EpivioTM, na dose de 0,5 e 0,1 L/100Kg de sementes, respectivamente, conferiram melhor desempenho no teste de germinação nos períodos avaliados quando comparado aos demais tratamentos.(AU)

Treatment with insecticide and fungicide on the physiological quality of lentil seeds / Tratamento com inseticida e fungicida na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de lentilha

The low Brazilian productive index and the high demand have aroused interest in the cultivation of lentils, however the legume is little known and needs further studies. The objective of this study was to analyze and identify the effects of treatments with insecticides and fungicides on the physiological quality of lentil seeds, CA-1512 strain. The experiments were conducted in the seed laboratory in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replicates. Seed treatment with Thiophanate-methyl; Fluazinam® (180 ml) + Pyraclostrobin; Thiophanate-methyl; Fipronil® (150 ml) promoted higher levels of germination under accelerated aging, lower number of abnormal seedlings and longer lengths of shoot and radicle for the emergence in paper. Treatment with Carboxin; Thiram® (250 ml) + Imidacloprid® (150 ml) allowed a higher value in the first count of germination in sand, lower number of dead seeds under accelerated aging and longer root length, in the emergence in sand. Shoot length in the emergence in sand increased after seed treatment with Metalaxyl-M; Fludioxonil® (75 ml) + Pyraclostrobin; Thiophanate-methyl; Fipronil® (150 ml). Treatments with fungicides and insecticides considerably improved the physiological properties of the seeds, thus being able to guarantee greater phytosanitary qualities in the field, generating healthier seedlings and with protection against possible pests and diseases, and consequently guaranteeing greater productivity.(AU)

O baixo índice produtivo brasileiro e a alta demanda têm despertado o interesse no cultivo da lentilha, porém a leguminosa é pouco conhecida e necessita maiores estudos. Objetivou-se neste trabalho analisar e identificar tratamentos com inseticidas e fungicidas na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de lentilha, linhagem CA-1512. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no laboratório de sementes em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. O tratamento de semente com Tiofanato-metílico; Fluazinam® (180 ml) + Piraclosrobina; Tiofanato-metílico; Fipronil® (150 ml) proporcionou índices mais elevados de germinação no envelhecimento acelerado, menor número de plântulas anormais e maior comprimento de parte aérea e radícula, na emergência em papel. O tratamento com Carboxina; Tiram® (250 ml) + Imidacloprido® (150 ml) possibilitou maior índice na primeira contagem de germinação em areia, menor número de sementes mortas no envelhecimento acelerado e maior comprimento de raiz, na emergência em areia. Já o comprimento da parte aérea, na emergência em areia, aumentou com o tratamento de semente Metalaxil-M; Fludioxonil® (75 ml) + Piraclosrobina; Tiofanato-metílico; Fipronil® (150 ml). Os tratamentos com fungicidas e inseticidas melhoraram consideravelmente as propriedades fisiológicas das sementes, podendo assim, garantir maiores qualidades fitossanitárias à campo, gerando plântulas mais sadias e com proteção para possíveis pragas e doenças, e consequentemente garantindo maiores produtividades.(AU)

Treatment with insecticide and fungicide on the physiological quality of lentil seeds / Tratamento com inseticida e fungicida na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de lentilha

The low Brazilian productive index and the high demand have aroused interest in the cultivation of lentils, however the legume is little known and needs further studies. The objective of this study was to analyze and identify the effects of treatments with insecticides and fungicides on the physiological quality of lentil seeds, CA-1512 strain. The experiments were conducted in the seed laboratory in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replicates. Seed treatment with Thiophanate-methyl; Fluazinam® (180 ml) + Pyraclostrobin; Thiophanate-methyl; Fipronil® (150 ml) promoted higher levels of germination under accelerated aging, lower number of abnormal seedlings and longer lengths of shoot and radicle for the emergence in paper. Treatment with Carboxin; Thiram® (250 ml) + Imidacloprid® (150 ml) allowed a higher value in the first count of germination in sand, lower number of dead seeds under accelerated aging and longer root length, in the emergence in sand. Shoot length in the emergence in sand increased after seed treatment with Metalaxyl-M; Fludioxonil® (75 ml) + Pyraclostrobin; Thiophanate-methyl; Fipronil® (150 ml). Treatments with fungicides and insecticides considerably improved the physiological properties of the seeds, thus being able to guarantee greater phytosanitary qualities in the field, generating healthier seedlings and with protection against possible pests and diseases, and consequently guaranteeing greater productivity.

O baixo índice produtivo brasileiro e a alta demanda têm despertado o interesse no cultivo da lentilha, porém a leguminosa é pouco conhecida e necessita maiores estudos. Objetivou-se neste trabalho analisar e identificar tratamentos com inseticidas e fungicidas na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de lentilha, linhagem CA-1512. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no laboratório de sementes em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. O tratamento de semente com Tiofanato-metílico; Fluazinam® (180 ml) + Piraclosrobina; Tiofanato-metílico; Fipronil® (150 ml) proporcionou índices mais elevados de germinação no envelhecimento acelerado, menor número de plântulas anormais e maior comprimento de parte aérea e radícula, na emergência em papel. O tratamento com Carboxina; Tiram® (250 ml) + Imidacloprido® (150 ml) possibilitou maior índice na primeira contagem de germinação em areia, menor número de sementes mortas no envelhecimento acelerado e maior comprimento de raiz, na emergência em areia. Já o comprimento da parte aérea, na emergência em areia, aumentou com o tratamento de semente Metalaxil-M; Fludioxonil® (75 ml) + Piraclosrobina; Tiofanato-metílico; Fipronil® (150 ml). Os tratamentos com fungicidas e inseticidas melhoraram consideravelmente as propriedades fisiológicas das sementes, podendo assim, garantir maiores qualidades fitossanitárias à campo, gerando plântulas mais sadias e com proteção para possíveis pragas e doenças, e consequentemente garantindo maiores produtividades.

Treatment with insecticide and fungicide on the physiological quality of lentil seeds

Abstract The low Brazilian productive index and the high demand have aroused interest in the cultivation of lentils, however the legume is little known and needs further studies. The objective of this study was to analyze and identify the effects of treatments with insecticides and fungicides on the physiological quality of lentil seeds, CA-1512 strain. The experiments were conducted in the seed laboratory in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replicates. Seed treatment with Thiophanate-methyl; Fluazinam® (180 ml) + Pyraclostrobin; Thiophanate-methyl; Fipronil® (150 ml) promoted higher levels of germination under accelerated aging, lower number of abnormal seedlings and longer lengths of shoot and radicle for the emergence in paper. Treatment with Carboxin; Thiram® (250 ml) + Imidacloprid® (150 ml) allowed a higher value in the first count of germination in sand, lower number of dead seeds under accelerated aging and longer root length, in the emergence in sand. Shoot length in the emergence in sand increased after seed treatment with Metalaxyl-M; Fludioxonil® (75 ml) + Pyraclostrobin; Thiophanate-methyl; Fipronil® (150 ml). Treatments with fungicides and insecticides considerably improved the physiological properties of the seeds, thus being able to guarantee greater phytosanitary qualities in the field, generating healthier seedlings and with protection against possible pests and diseases, and consequently guaranteeing greater productivity.

Resumo O baixo índice produtivo brasileiro e a alta demanda têm despertado o interesse no cultivo da lentilha, porém a leguminosa é pouco conhecida e necessita maiores estudos. Objetivou-se neste trabalho analisar e identificar tratamentos com inseticidas e fungicidas na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de lentilha, linhagem CA-1512. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no laboratório de sementes em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. O tratamento de semente com Tiofanato-metílico; Fluazinam® (180 ml) + Piraclosrobina; Tiofanato-metílico; Fipronil® (150 ml) proporcionou índices mais elevados de germinação no envelhecimento acelerado, menor número de plântulas anormais e maior comprimento de parte aérea e radícula, na emergência em papel. O tratamento com Carboxina; Tiram® (250 ml) + Imidacloprido® (150 ml) possibilitou maior índice na primeira contagem de germinação em areia, menor número de sementes mortas no envelhecimento acelerado e maior comprimento de raiz, na emergência em areia. Já o comprimento da parte aérea, na emergência em areia, aumentou com o tratamento de semente Metalaxil-M; Fludioxonil® (75 ml) + Piraclosrobina; Tiofanato-metílico; Fipronil® (150 ml). Os tratamentos com fungicidas e inseticidas melhoraram consideravelmente as propriedades fisiológicas das sementes, podendo assim, garantir maiores qualidades fitossanitárias à campo, gerando plântulas mais sadias e com proteção para possíveis pragas e doenças, e consequentemente garantindo maiores produtividades.

Viability and vigor of soybean seeds as a result of industrial seed treatment and stored in different environments / Viabilidade e vigor de sementes de soja em função do tratamento industrial de sementes e armazenadas em diferentes ambiente

The industrial seed treatment (IST) of soybeans is an economically recommended technique in agricultural production, providing protection against pests and initial pathogens. However, the real effects of pesticides about the quality of soybean seeds are still little known, since the adoption of the system is still recent by soybean farmers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of soybean seeds, treated or not, with insecticide/ fungicide new mixtures and stored for 240 days in a non-controlled and controlled environment. The completely randomized design was used, distributed in a 5 x 2 x 6 factorial scheme with four replications. The plot treatments consisted of soybean seeds belonging to the cultivar M - 7739 IPRO, treated with six different insecticide/ fungicide mixtures {(Cruiser®); (Amulet®); (MaximAdvanced®); (Cruiser®+ MaximAdvanced®); (MaximAdvanced® + Amulet®); (untreated control)}, stored in two environments {(laboratory ­ without control and cold room ­ with control (10 ± 2 ºC,45± 2% UR)} for eight months of storage with five evaluation times (0; 60; 120; 180 and 240days). The following tests were carried out: water content, germination, first count, seedling length and seedling dry mass. It was found that the chemical treatments negatively affect the germination potential of seeds, especially after 120 days of storage, regardless of the environment.Thiamethoxamand Thiamethoxam + Metalaxil; Tabendazole; Fludioxonil after storage provided the biggest reductions in seed viability and vigor after 240 days of storage. The cold room environment provides better conditions for the conservation of the germinative potential of soybean seeds.

O tratamento industrial de sementes (TIS) de soja é uma técnica economicamente recomendada na produção agrícola, proporcionando proteção contra pragas e patógenos iniciais. No entanto, os reais efeitos dos agrotóxicos sobre a qualidade das sementes de soja ainda são pouco conhecidos, visto que a adoção do sistema ainda é recente pelos sojicultores. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de soja, tratadas ou não, com novas misturas de inseticidas/fungicidas, e armazenadas por 240 dias, em diferentes ambientes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, distribuído em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 x 6, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos das parcelas foram constituídos de sementes de soja pertencentes à cultivar M ­ 7739 IPRO, tratadas com seis diferentes misturas produtos de inseticida/fungicida {(Cruiser® - Tiametoxam ­ 200 mL + Bio Cromo ­ 100 mL); (Amulet® - Fipronil - 100 mL + Bio Cromo ­ 100 mL); (MaximAdvanced® - Metalaxil-M; Tabendazol; Fludioxonil ­ 100 mL + Bio Cromo ­ 100 mL ); (Cruiser® - Tiametoxam ­ 200 mL + MaximAdvanced® - Metalaxil-M; Tiabendazol; Fludioxonil ­ 100 mL + Bio Cromo ­ 100mL ); (MaximAdvanced® - Metalaxil-M; Tabendazol; Fludioxonil ­ 100 mL + Amulet® - Fipronil - 100 mL + BioCromo ­ 100mL); (controle não tradada)}, armazenadas em dois ambientes {(laboratório ­ sem controle e câmara fria ­ com controle (10 ± 2 ºC,45± 2% UR)} durante oito meses de armazenamento, com cinco tempos de avaliações (0; 60; 120; 180 e 240dias). Os seguintes testes foram realizados: teor de água, germinação, primeira contagem, comprimento das plântulas, massa seca de plântulase índice de velocidade de emergência. Verificou-se que o ambiente de câmara fria proporciona melhores condições para a conservação do potencial germinativo das sementes de soja. Os tratamentos químicos interferem negativamente no potencial germinativo das sementes, sobretudo após 120 dias de armazenamento, independente do ambiente. Tiametoxam e Tiametoxam + Metalaxil; Tabendazol; Fludioxonil após o armazenamento proporcionaram as maiores reduções da viabilidade e vigor das sementes após 240 dias de armazenamento. O ambiente de câmara fria proporciona melhores condições para a conservação do potencial germinativo das sementes de soja.

Production of Purpureocillium lilacinum and Pochonia chlamydosporia by Submerged Liquid Fermentation and Bioactivity against Tetranychus urticae and Heterodera glycines through Seed Inoculation.

Pochoniachlamydosporia and Purpureocilliumlilacinum are fungal bioagents used for the sustainable management of plant parasitic nematodes. However, their production through submerged liquid fermentation and their use in seed treatment have been underexplored. Therefore, our goal was to assess the effect of different liquid media on the growth of 40 isolates of P. lilacinum and two of P. chlamydosporia. The most promising isolates tested were assessed for plant growth promotion and the control of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) and the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines). Most isolates produced > 108 blastospores mL−1 and some isolates produced more than 104 microsclerotia mL−1. Microsclerotia of selected isolates were used to inoculate common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds in greenhouse trials. All fungal isolates reduced the T. urticae fecundity in inoculated plants through seed treatment, while P. chlamydosporia ESALQ5406 and P. lilacinum ESALQ2593 decreased cyst nematode population. Purpureocillium lilacinum was more frequently detected in soil, whereas P. chlamydosporia colonized all plant parts. Pochonia chlamydosporia ESALQ5406 improved the root development of bean plants. These findings demonstrate the possibility of producing submerged propagules of P. chlamydosporia and P. lilacinum by liquid culture, and greenhouse trials support the applicability of fungal microsclerotia in seed treatment to control P. vulgaris pests.

Control of Microdochium albescens in pre-germinated and dryland rice seeds / Controle de Microdochium albescens em sementes de arroz pré-germinado e sequeiro

The fungus Microdochium albescens can interfere in the germination of seeds and in the death of rice seedlings; however, there is not technical indication for its control by seed treatment. This research evaluated the efficiency of fungicides in the treatment of pre-germinated and dryland rice seeds in the control of M. albescens. Seeds of the cultivars, Epagri 109, SCS116 Satoru, SCS121 CL and SCS122 Miura were treated with the following fungicides (g a.i./100 kg of seeds): fluazinam + thiophanate methyl (9.45 + 63), pyraclostrobin + thiophanate methyl (5 + 45), carboxin + thiram (60 + 60), metalaxyl-M + thiabendazole + fludioxonil (3 + 22.5 + 3.75), carbendazim + thiram (45 + 105), carbendazim (45). Seeds without fungicide treatment constituted the control. The treated seeds were sown in potato-sucrose-agar (PSA) culture medium and incubated at 25 ± 2 °C and photoperiod of 12 hours for 14 days. Treated seeds were also submitted to the germination test. Fluazinam + thiophanate methyl and metalaxyl-M + thiabendazole + fludioxonil showed greater control of M. albescens, not differing statistically between them, in the five cultivars and in the two cultivation systems. The tested fungicides provided seed germination above 90% in the four cultivars.

O fungo Microdochium albescens pode interferir na germinação de sementes e na emergência de plântulas de arroz, porém não há indicação técnica para seu controle via tratamento de semente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência de fungicidas em tratamento de sementes de arroz pré-germinado e sequeiro no controle de M. albescens. Sementes das cultivares Epagri 109, SCS116 Satoru, SCS121 CL e SCS122 Miura foram tratadas com os seguintes fungicidas (g i.a./100 kg de sementes): fluazinam + tiofanato metílico (9,45 + 63), piraclostrobina + tiofanato metílico (5 + 45), carboxina + tiram (60 + 60), metalaxil-M + tiabendazol + fludioxonil (3 + 22,5 + 3,75), carbendazim + tiram (45 + 105), carbendazim (45). Sementes sem tratamento com fungicida constituíram a testemunha. As sementes tratadas foram semeadas em meio de cultura de batata-sacarose-ágar (BSA) e incubadas a 25 ± 2°C e fotoperíodo de 12 horas por 14 dias. Sementes tratadas também foram submetidas ao teste de germinação. Fluazinam + tiofanato metílico e metalaxil-M + tiabendazol + fludioxonil apresentaram maior controle de M. albescens, não diferindo estatisticamente entre si, nas cinco cultivares e nos dois sistemas de cultivo. Contudo, os fungicidas testados proporcionaram germinação das sementes superior a 90% nas quatro cultivares.

Priming of seeds with INA and its transgenerational effect in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants.

Priming is a mechanism of defense that prepares the plant's immune system for a faster and/or stronger activation of cellular defenses against future exposure to different types of stress. This enhanced resistance can be achieved by using inorganic and organic compounds which imitate the biological induction of systemic acquired resistance. INA (2,6 dichloro-isonicotinic acid) was the first synthetic compound created as a resistance inducer for plant-pathogen interactions. However, the use of INA to activate primed resistance in common bean, at the seed stage and during germination, remains experimentally unexplored. Here, we test the hypothesis that INA-seed treatment would induce resistance in common bean plants to Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, and that the increased resistance is not accompanied by a tradeoff between plant defense and growth. Additionally, it was hypothesized that treating seeds with INA has a transgenerational priming effect. We provide evidence that seed treatment activates a primed state for disease resistance, in which low nucleosome enrichment and reduced histone activation marks during the priming phase, are associated with a defense-resistant phenotype, characterized by symptom appearance, pathogen accumulation, yield, and changes in gene expression. In addition, the priming status for induced resistance can be inherited to its offspring.

Ozonation of quinoa seeds (Chenopodium quinoa Willd. ): saturation and decomposition kinetics of ozone and physiological quality of seeds / Ozonização de sementes de quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd. ): saturação e cinética de decomposição do ozônio e qualidade fisiológica das sementes

Ozonation has been evaluated as an alternative method for seed treatment. In this context, the goal of this study was to evaluate the saturation process and kinetics of decomposition of ozone in a porous medium composed of quinoa BRS Syetetuba and possible changes in seed quality. Ozone concentration and saturation time in the porous medium and half-life were determined by adopting an inlet ozone concentration of 885 ppm and a flow rate of 5.0 L min-1 at 25 °C. The ozonation periods adopted were 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. Regarding the physiological quality of the seeds, the germination percentage, germination speed index, electrical conductivity, and length of the shoot, root, and normal seedlings were analyzed. At the inlet ozone concentration of 885 ppm and a flow rate of 5.0 L min-1, the saturation concentration and saturation time in the porous medium composed of quinoa were 522.5 ppm and 12.0 min, respectively. The half-life of ozone in the porous medium was 6.08 min at 25 °C. Under these conditions, ozonation did not affect the physiological quality of quinoa BRS Syetetuba seeds for up to 120 min.(AU)

A ozonização tem sido avaliada como método alternativo para tratamento de sementes. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o processo de saturação e a cinética de decomposição do ozônio em meio poroso composto de quinoa, cv. BRS Syetetuba, e possíveis alterações na qualidade das sementes. Determinaramse a concentração e o tempo de saturação do ozônio no meio poroso e a meia-vida, adotando-se concentração de entrada de 885 ppm, vazão de 5,0 L min-1, a 25 ºC. Os períodos de ozonização adotados foram 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 min. Quanto à qualidade fisiológica das sementes, analisaram-se o percentual de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, condutividade elétrica e comprimentos da parte aérea, do sistema radicular e das plântulas normais. Para concentração de entrada do ozônio de 885 ppm e vazão de 5,0 L min-1, a concentração e o tempo de saturação do ozônio no meio poroso composto de quinoa foi de 522,5 ppm e 12,0 min, respectivamente. A meia-vida do ozônio em meio poroso foi de 6,08 min, a 25 ºC. Nas condições a adotadas, a ozonização não afeta a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de quinoa, cv. BRS Syetetuba, por até 120 min.(AU)

Modos de aplicação de zinco em genótipos de milho / Methods of zinc application on maize genotypes

O milho representa um dos principais cereais cultivados e consumidos no mundo, apresentando, no entanto, baixa produtividade quando comparado ao potencial produtivo da cultura. A fim de direcionar esforços para maximizar a eficiência produtiva da cultura do milho, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento e produtividade de quatro genótipos de milho (variedade IPR114, o híbrido simples SYN7B28, o híbrido duplo FEROZ e o híbrido triplo DEFENDER) submetidos a diferentes modos de aplicação de zinco (1- testemunha; 2- sulfato de zinco via semente; 3- produto Always® via foliar em uma aplicação e 4- produto Always® via foliar em duas aplicações). O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Escola Capão da Onça, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa/PR, em delineamento experimental blocos casualizados, constituindo um fatorial 4x4, com 4 repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram: diâmetro de colmo, altura de planta, número de folhas por planta; altura da inserção da primeira espiga, número de fileira por espiga, número de grãos por fileira, produtividade e massa de 1000 grãos. Os modos de aplicação de Zn pouco influenciaram o desenvolvimento vegetativo dos genótipos de milho. A variedade IPR114 apresentou menor produtividade e não respondeu a aplicação de Zn. Os modos de aplicação de Zn testados foram eficientes, aumentando significativamente a produtividade dos híbridos de milho SYN7B28, FEROZ e DEFENDER, sendo o híbrido triplo (DEFENDER) mais responsivo.

Corn represents one of the main cereals cultivated and consumed around the world, however, presenting low productivity when compared to the crop productive potential. In order to direct efforts to maximize the productive efficiency of the corn crop, this work aimed to evaluate the development and productivity of four maize genotypes (variety IPR114, the simple hybrid SYN7B28, the double hybrid FEROZ and the triple hybrid DEFENDER) submitted to different modes of zinc application (1- control; 2- zinc sulfate through seeds treatment; 3- Always® product through a foliar application and 4- Always® product through two foliar applications). The experiment was carried out at School Farm Capão da Onça, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa/PR, in a randomized block design, constituting a 4x4 factorial, with 4 replications. The variables analyzed were stalk diameter, shoot height, number of leaves per plant; height of insertion of the first cob, number of rows per cob, number of grains per row, mass of 1000 grains and productivity. The methods of application of Zn had little influence on the vegetative development of maize genotypes. The IPR114 variety showed lower productivity and did not respond to the application of Zn. The tested Zn application methods were efficient, significantly increasing the productivity of the SYN7B28, FIERCE and DEFENDER corn hybrids, being the triple hybrid (DEFENDER) more responsive.

Modos de aplicação de zinco em genótipos de milho / Methods of zinc application on maize genotypes

O milho representa um dos principais cereais cultivados e consumidos no mundo, apresentando, no entanto, baixa produtividade quando comparado ao potencial produtivo da cultura. A fim de direcionar esforços para maximizar a eficiência produtiva da cultura do milho, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento e produtividade de quatro genótipos de milho (variedade IPR114, o híbrido simples SYN7B28, o híbrido duplo FEROZ e o híbrido triplo DEFENDER) submetidos a diferentes modos de aplicação de zinco (1- testemunha; 2- sulfato de zinco via semente; 3- produto Always® via foliar em uma aplicação e 4- produto Always® via foliar em duas aplicações). O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Escola Capão da Onça, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa/PR, em delineamento experimental blocos casualizados, constituindo um fatorial 4x4, com 4 repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram: diâmetro de colmo, altura de planta, número de folhas por planta; altura da inserção da primeira espiga, número de fileira por espiga, número de grãos por fileira, produtividade e massa de 1000 grãos. Os modos de aplicação de Zn pouco influenciaram o desenvolvimento vegetativo dos genótipos de milho. A variedade IPR114 apresentou menor produtividade e não respondeu a aplicação de Zn. Os modos de aplicação de Zn testados foram eficientes, aumentando significativamente a produtividade dos híbridos de milho SYN7B28, FEROZ e DEFENDER, sendo o híbrido triplo (DEFENDER) mais responsivo.(AU)

Corn represents one of the main cereals cultivated and consumed around the world, however, presenting low productivity when compared to the crop productive potential. In order to direct efforts to maximize the productive efficiency of the corn crop, this work aimed to evaluate the development and productivity of four maize genotypes (variety IPR114, the simple hybrid SYN7B28, the double hybrid FEROZ and the triple hybrid DEFENDER) submitted to different modes of zinc application (1- control; 2- zinc sulfate through seeds treatment; 3- Always® product through a foliar application and 4- Always® product through two foliar applications). The experiment was carried out at School Farm Capão da Onça, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa/PR, in a randomized block design, constituting a 4x4 factorial, with 4 replications. The variables analyzed were stalk diameter, shoot height, number of leaves per plant; height of insertion of the first cob, number of rows per cob, number of grains per row, mass of 1000 grains and productivity. The methods of application of Zn had little influence on the vegetative development of maize genotypes. The IPR114 variety showed lower productivity and did not respond to the application of Zn. The tested Zn application methods were efficient, significantly increasing the productivity of the SYN7B28, FIERCE and DEFENDER corn hybrids, being the triple hybrid (DEFENDER) more responsive.(AU)

Potential Impacts of Translocation of Neonicotinoid Insecticides to Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum (Malvales: Malvaceae)) Extrafloral Nectar on Parasitoids.

Neonicotinoid seed treatments are frequently used in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. [Malvales: Malvaceae]) production to provide protection against early-season herbivory. However, there is little known about how these applications affect extrafloral nectar (EFN), an important food resource for arthropod natural enemies. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we found that neonicotinoids were translocated to the EFN of clothianidin- and imidacloprid-treated, greenhouse-grown cotton plants at concentrations of 77.3 ± 17.3 and 122.6 ± 11.5 ppb, respectively. We did not find differences in the quantity of EFN produced by neonicotinoid-treated cotton plants compared to untreated controls, either constitutively or after mechanical damage. Metabolomic analysis of sugars and amino acids from treated and untreated plants did not detect differences in overall composition of EFN. In bioassays, female Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoid wasps that fed on EFN from untreated, clothianidin-treated, or imidacloprid-treated plants demonstrated no difference in mortality or parasitization success. We also conducted acute toxicity assays for C. marginiventris fed on honey spiked with clothianidin and imidacloprid and established LC50 values for male and female wasps. Although LC50 values were substantially higher than neonicotinoid concentrations detected in EFN, caution should be used when translating these results to the field where other stressors could alter the effects of neonicotinoids. Moreover, there are a wide range of possible sublethal impacts of neonicotinoids, none of which were explored here. Our results suggest that EFN is a potential route of exposure of neonicotinoids to beneficial insects and that further field-based studies are warranted.

Compatibility between entomopathogenic nematodes and crop protection products used in maize seed treatment / Compatibilidade entre nematoides entomopatogênicos e produtos fitossanitários utilizados no tratamento de sementes de milho

Chemical insecticides are widely used to control soil pests but not always effective. Entomopathogenic nematodes (NEPs) are found in the soil and depend on host insects to complete their life cycle, and therefore have the potential to control soil pests. Thus, we aimed to investigate the possible joint use of these control methods by assessing the compatibility of two nematodes (Heterorhabditis amazonensis GL and Heterorhabditis amazonensis MC01) with five crop protection products used for maize seed treatment (Maxim®, Cruiser 350 FS®, Fortenza 600 FS®, Avicta 500 FS®, and Amulet®), as well as one neem-based product (NeenMax®). The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates, six treatments, and one control, in which only distilled water was added to nematode suspension. Each replicate consisted of a test tube containing 1 mL suspension with 2,000 infective juveniles (IJs) and 1 mL of diluted product, following the manufacturer"s recommendation. The evaluated parameters were viability, infectivity on Tenebrio molitor larvae and IJs production after exposure to products. Both nematodes were compatible with NeenMax® and Fortenza 600 FS® since they did not differ from the control and were classified as innocuous. Cruiser 350 FS ® was also compatible with the nematodes since the effect value of the product was lower than 30%. Amulet® was classified as slightly noxious, reducing H. amazonensis MC01 and H. amazonensis GL infectivity by 17.5% and 28.5%, and production by 18.2% and 22.3%, respectively. Despite not having reduced viability, Avicta 500 FS® and Maxim® were considered harmful. This is because Avicta 500 FS® and Maxim® reduced productivity by 70.0% and 72.5% and production by 66.1% and 65.4% for H. amazonensis MC01, respectively. For H. amazonensis MC01, both Avicta 500 FS® and Maxim® reduced infectivity by 76.19%, and production by 63.7% and 62.3%, respectively.

Os inseticidas químicos apesar de serem os mais utilizados para controle de pragas de solo, nem sempre são eficazes. Os nematoides entomopatogênicos (NEPs) são encontrados no solo e utilizam insetos como hospedeiros para completarem seu ciclo de vida, assim, apresentam potencial no controle de pragas com hábito subterrâneo. Com isso, destaca-se a importância de se avaliar a possibilidade de uso conjunto desses métodos de controle, objetivando-se avaliar a compatibilidade dos nematoides Heterorhabditis amazonensis GL e Heterorhabditis amazonensis MC01 com cinco produtos fitossanitários utilizados no tratamento de sementes de milho, Maxim®, Cruiser 350 FS ®, Fortenza 600 FS®, Avicta 500 FS® e Amulet®, além de um produto à base de nim, NeenMax®. O ensaio foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições, totalizando seis tratamentos e o controle, no qual foi adicionada apenas água destilada à suspensão do nematoide. Cada repetição foi constituída de um tubo de ensaio contendo 1 mL de suspensão com 2.000 juvenis infectantes (JIs) e 1 mL do produto diluído de acordo com a recomendação do fabricante. Foram avaliados os parâmetros viabilidade, infectividade sobre larvas de Tenebrio molitor e produção de JIs após o contato com os produtos. Verificou-se que para ambos os nematoides os produtos NeenMax® e Fortenza 600 FS® foram considerados compatíveis, pois não diferiram do controle e foram classificados como inócuos. O produto Cruiser 350 FS ® também foi compatível aos nematoides testados, já que o valor de efeito do produto obtido foi menor que 30%. O produto Amulet® foi classificado como levemente nocivo, causando uma redução de 17,5% na infectividade e de 18,2% na produção de H. amazonensis MC01 e de 28,5% e 22,3 % para H. amazonensis GL. Avicta 500 FS® e Maxim® foram considerados nocivos, pois apesar de não reduzirem a viabilidade dos nematoides, diminuíram em 70,0% e 72,5% a infectividade e 66,1% e 65,4% a...

Compatibility between entomopathogenic nematodes and crop protection products used in maize seed treatment / Compatibilidade entre nematoides entomopatogênicos e produtos fitossanitários utilizados no tratamento de sementes de milho

Chemical insecticides are widely used to control soil pests but not always effective. Entomopathogenic nematodes (NEPs) are found in the soil and depend on host insects to complete their life cycle, and therefore have the potential to control soil pests. Thus, we aimed to investigate the possible joint use of these control methods by assessing the compatibility of two nematodes (Heterorhabditis amazonensis GL and Heterorhabditis amazonensis MC01) with five crop protection products used for maize seed treatment (Maxim®, Cruiser 350 FS®, Fortenza 600 FS®, Avicta 500 FS®, and Amulet®), as well as one neem-based product (NeenMax®). The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates, six treatments, and one control, in which only distilled water was added to nematode suspension. Each replicate consisted of a test tube containing 1 mL suspension with 2,000 infective juveniles (IJs) and 1 mL of diluted product, following the manufacturer"s recommendation. The evaluated parameters were viability, infectivity on Tenebrio molitor larvae and IJs production after exposure to products. Both nematodes were compatible with NeenMax® and Fortenza 600 FS® since they did not differ from the control and were classified as innocuous. Cruiser 350 FS ® was also compatible with the nematodes since the effect value of the product was lower than 30%. Amulet® was classified as slightly noxious, reducing H. amazonensis MC01 and H. amazonensis GL infectivity by 17.5% and 28.5%, and production by 18.2% and 22.3%, respectively. Despite not having reduced viability, Avicta 500 FS® and Maxim® were considered harmful. This is because Avicta 500 FS® and Maxim® reduced productivity by 70.0% and 72.5% and production by 66.1% and 65.4% for H. amazonensis MC01, respectively. For H. amazonensis MC01, both Avicta 500 FS® and Maxim® reduced infectivity by 76.19%, and production by 63.7% and 62.3%, respectively.(AU)

Os inseticidas químicos apesar de serem os mais utilizados para controle de pragas de solo, nem sempre são eficazes. Os nematoides entomopatogênicos (NEPs) são encontrados no solo e utilizam insetos como hospedeiros para completarem seu ciclo de vida, assim, apresentam potencial no controle de pragas com hábito subterrâneo. Com isso, destaca-se a importância de se avaliar a possibilidade de uso conjunto desses métodos de controle, objetivando-se avaliar a compatibilidade dos nematoides Heterorhabditis amazonensis GL e Heterorhabditis amazonensis MC01 com cinco produtos fitossanitários utilizados no tratamento de sementes de milho, Maxim®, Cruiser 350 FS ®, Fortenza 600 FS®, Avicta 500 FS® e Amulet®, além de um produto à base de nim, NeenMax®. O ensaio foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições, totalizando seis tratamentos e o controle, no qual foi adicionada apenas água destilada à suspensão do nematoide. Cada repetição foi constituída de um tubo de ensaio contendo 1 mL de suspensão com 2.000 juvenis infectantes (JIs) e 1 mL do produto diluído de acordo com a recomendação do fabricante. Foram avaliados os parâmetros viabilidade, infectividade sobre larvas de Tenebrio molitor e produção de JIs após o contato com os produtos. Verificou-se que para ambos os nematoides os produtos NeenMax® e Fortenza 600 FS® foram considerados compatíveis, pois não diferiram do controle e foram classificados como inócuos. O produto Cruiser 350 FS ® também foi compatível aos nematoides testados, já que o valor de efeito do produto obtido foi menor que 30%. O produto Amulet® foi classificado como levemente nocivo, causando uma redução de 17,5% na infectividade e de 18,2% na produção de H. amazonensis MC01 e de 28,5% e 22,3 % para H. amazonensis GL. Avicta 500 FS® e Maxim® foram considerados nocivos, pois apesar de não reduzirem a viabilidade dos nematoides, diminuíram em 70,0% e 72,5% a infectividade e 66,1% e 65,4% a...(AU)

Storage of soybean seeds treated with chemicals / Armazenamento de sementes de soja tratadas com produtos químicos

To treat seed lots during the beneficiation process industrial seed treatment (TIS) has been used on seedlings. However, the actual TIS influence on the physiological quality of soybeans throughout storage is not yet known. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of TIS on the physiological quality of seeds of soybean cultivars during storage. Three soybean cultivars (M7110 IPRO, RR-8473RSF, M7739 IPRO) were subjected to four chemical treatment combinations (TIC-treated fungicide / insecticide): T1 - control; T2 - fungicide (Derosal Plus® - 200mL); T3 - insecticide (Cruiser ® - 500mL); T4 - a mixture of fungicide and insecticide products metalaxyl + thiabendazole + fludioxonil (MaximAdvanced - 200 mL) and thiamethoxam insecticide (Cruiser 350 FS - 500 mL). The samples were stored for a total of six months, with evaluation before storage and monthly throughout the storage period (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days). The seeds were stored in a cold chamber regulated at 12 ± 2 ºC and a relative humidity of 45± 2%. In addition to determining the water content, the following germination and vigor tests were performed: first count, seedling length, seedling dry mass and accelerated aging. A completely randomized design was used, in a 3 x 4 x 7 factorial scheme, with four replications. The data were initiallysubjected to analysis of variance, and later discriminated by the Tukey test (p <0.05) (cultivars and chemical products) and regression (storage period). The work concludes that the use of insecticide favored the length of seedlings in cultivar RR-8473 RSF. Chemicals affected the quality and vigor of seeds in all studied cultivars. Soybean seeds can be stored with chemical treatment for commercial purposes for up to 60 days.

Com a finalidade de tratar lotes de sementes durante o processo de beneficiamento as sementeiras passam a utilizar o tratamento industrial de sementes (TIS). Todavia, não se sabe ainda qual a real influência TIS sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja ao longo do armazenamento. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos do tratamento com produtos químicos oriundos do TIS sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de cultivares de soja durante o armazenamento. Três cultivares de soja (M7110 IPRO; RR- 8473RSF, M7739 IPRO) foram submetidas a quatro combinações de tratamentos com defensivos químicos (fungicida/inseticida) aplicados via TIS: {T1- testemunha; T2- fungicida (Derosal Plus® - 200mL); T3- inseticida (Cruiser ® - 500mL); T4- mistura dos produtos fungicida e inseticida}, e armazenadas por seis meses, com avaliações mensais (0; 30; 60; 90; 120; 150 e 180 dias). As sementes foram armazenadas em câmara fria regulada a 12 ± 2 ºC e umidade relativa de ±45%. Além da determinação do teor de água, foram realizadas teste de germinação e vigor : primeira contagem, comprimento de plântula, massa seca de plântula e envelhecimento acelerado. Foi empregado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 4 x 7, com quatro repetições.Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância inicialmente, e posteriormente discriminados pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05) (cultivares e produtos químicos) e regressão (período de armazenamento). Conclui-se com o trabalho que o uso de inseticida favoreceu o comprimento de plântulas na cultivar RR-8473 RSF. Produtos químicos prejudicaram a qualidade e o vigor de sementes em todas as cultivares estudadas. As sementes de soja podem ser mantidas armazenadas com tratamento químico para fins comerciais até os 60 dias.

Storage of soybean seeds treated with chemicals / Armazenamento de sementes de soja tratadas com produtos químicos

To treat seed lots during the beneficiation process industrial seed treatment (TIS) has been used on seedlings. However, the actual TIS influence on the physiological quality of soybeans throughout storage is not yet known. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of TIS on the physiological quality of seeds of soybean cultivars during storage. Three soybean cultivars (M7110 IPRO, RR-8473RSF, M7739 IPRO) were subjected to four chemical treatment combinations (TIC-treated fungicide / insecticide): T1 - control; T2 - fungicide (Derosal Plus® - 200mL); T3 - insecticide (Cruiser ® - 500mL); T4 - a mixture of fungicide and insecticide products metalaxyl + thiabendazole + fludioxonil (MaximAdvanced - 200 mL) and thiamethoxam insecticide (Cruiser 350 FS - 500 mL). The samples were stored for a total of six months, with evaluation before storage and monthly throughout the storage period (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days). The seeds were stored in a cold chamber regulated at 12 ± 2 ºC and a relative humidity of 45± 2%. In addition to determining the water content, the following germination and vigor tests were performed: first count, seedling length, seedling dry mass and accelerated aging. A completely randomized design was used, in a 3 x 4 x 7 factorial scheme, with four replications. The data were initiallysubjected to analysis of variance, and later discriminated by the Tukey test (p <0.05) (cultivars and chemical products) and regression (storage period). The work concludes that the use of insecticide favored the length of seedlings in cultivar RR-8473 RSF. Chemicals affected the quality and vigor of seeds in all studied cultivars. Soybean seeds can be stored with chemical treatment for commercial purposes for up to 60 days.(AU)

Com a finalidade de tratar lotes de sementes durante o processo de beneficiamento as sementeiras passam a utilizar o tratamento industrial de sementes (TIS). Todavia, não se sabe ainda qual a real influência TIS sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja ao longo do armazenamento. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos do tratamento com produtos químicos oriundos do TIS sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de cultivares de soja durante o armazenamento. Três cultivares de soja (M7110 IPRO; RR- 8473RSF, M7739 IPRO) foram submetidas a quatro combinações de tratamentos com defensivos químicos (fungicida/inseticida) aplicados via TIS: {T1- testemunha; T2- fungicida (Derosal Plus® - 200mL); T3- inseticida (Cruiser ® - 500mL); T4- mistura dos produtos fungicida e inseticida}, e armazenadas por seis meses, com avaliações mensais (0; 30; 60; 90; 120; 150 e 180 dias). As sementes foram armazenadas em câmara fria regulada a 12 ± 2 ºC e umidade relativa de ±45%. Além da determinação do teor de água, foram realizadas teste de germinação e vigor : primeira contagem, comprimento de plântula, massa seca de plântula e envelhecimento acelerado. Foi empregado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 4 x 7, com quatro repetições.Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância inicialmente, e posteriormente discriminados pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05) (cultivares e produtos químicos) e regressão (período de armazenamento). Conclui-se com o trabalho que o uso de inseticida favoreceu o comprimento de plântulas na cultivar RR-8473 RSF. Produtos químicos prejudicaram a qualidade e o vigor de sementes em todas as cultivares estudadas. As sementes de soja podem ser mantidas armazenadas com tratamento químico para fins comerciais até os 60 dias.(AU)