Effect of Academic Self-Efficacy on Test Anxiety of Higher Vocational College Students: The Chain Mediating Effect.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of academic self-efficacy on test anxiety among higher vocational students, as well as the role of sense of life meaning, fear of failure, and gender difference in mediating this relationship. Methods: A total of 2231 higher vocational students from Shandong Province were surveyed by means of Academic Self-efficacy Questionnaire, Meaning in Life Questionnaire, and Test Anxiety Scale. Results: There were significant negative correlations among academic self-efficacy, sense of life meaning, and test anxiety. Fear of failure was positively correlated with test anxiety. Sense of life meaning and fear of failure played a mediating role in the relationship between academic self-efficacy and test anxiety. The chain mediating effect was significant only in the female group, not in the male group. In contrast, academic self-efficacy indirectly predicted test anxiety by the independent mediating effect of sense of life meaning or fear of failure in the male group. Conclusion: Academic self-efficacy may influence test anxiety through the independent mediating effect of sense of life meaning, fear of failure, and the chain mediating effect, and there is a gender difference in these effects.

Comparison of the effect of hostility on the level of depression of drug addicts and non-addicts and the mediating role of sense of life meaning between them.

BACKGROUND: The level of depression among drug addicts is generally higher than normal. Hostility and sense of life meaning may influence depression and become risk factors for depression. This study has three research purposes. First, to analyze whether drug use can aggravate hostility and depression levels. Second, to assess whether the hostility has different effects on depression among drug addicts and non-addicts. Third, to examine whether the sense of life meaning has a mediating role between different groups (drug addicts and non-addicts). METHODS: This study was conducted from March to June 2022. 415 drug addicts (233 males and 182 females) and 411 non-addicts (174 males and 237 females) were recruited in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. After signing informed consent, their psychometric data were obtained using the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (CMI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) questionnaires. Linear regression models were used to assess the impact of hostility and depression among drug addicts and non-addicts. Bootstrap mediation effect tests were used to further test the mediation effect of sense of life meaning between hostility and depression. RESULTS: The results showed four main outcomes. First, compared with non-addicts, drug addicts had higher levels of depression. Second, hostility exacerbated depression in both drug addicts and non-addicts. Compared with non-addicts, hostile affect had a greater effect on depression in drug addicts. Third, the sense of life meaning among females was higher than males. Fourth, for drug addicts, the sense of life meaning showed a mediating effect between social aversion and depression, while for non-addicts, the sense of life meaning showed a mediating effect between cynicism and depression. CONCLUSIONS: Depression is more severe in drug addicts. More attention should be paid to the mental health of drug addicts, because the elimination of negative emotions is conducive to reintegration into society. Our results provide a theoretical basis for reducing depression among drug addicts and non-addicts. As a protective factor, we can reduce their hostility and depression by improving the sense of life meaning.

Self-Concept Clarity and Learning Engagement: The Sequence-Mediating Role of the Sense of Life Meaning and Future Orientation.

In this study, we systematically examined the effects of self-concept clarity on high school students' learning engagement and the mediating role of sense of life meaning and future orientation between self-concept clarity and learning engagement in order to provide guidance to enhance students' learning engagement. A total of 997 students from freshmen to seniors were selected for the study using a cluster random sampling method. The following tools were used: the Self-Concept Clarity Scale, the Learning Engagement Scale, the Sense of Life Meaning Scale, and the Future Orientation Questionnaire. The results indicated that the clarity of self-concept positively predicted the level of learning engagement of high school students. Sense of life meaning and future orientation partially mediated the effect between self-concept clarity and learning engagement, and sense of life meaning and future orientation had sequence-mediated effects between self-concept clarity and learning engagement among high school students. This study suggests that high levels of self-concept clarity can help high school students actively seek a sense of life meaning and make more optimistic future orientations, thereby increasing their level of learning engagement.

Finding ikigai: How robots can support meaning in later life.

Previous research in human-robot interaction has explored using robots to increase objective and hedonic aspects of well-being and quality of life, but there is no literature on how robots might be used to support eudaimonic aspects of well-being (such as meaning in life). A sense of meaning has been shown to positively affect health and longevity. We frame our study around the Japanese concept of ikigai, which is widely used with Japanese older adults to enhance their everyday lives, and is closely related to the concept of eudaimonic well-being (EWB) known in Western countries. Using a mixed-methods and exploratory approach, including interviews with 17 older adults and the collection of 100 survey responses, we explored how older adults in the US experience a sense of meaning, and if and how a social robot could be used to help foster this sense. We find that meaning for older adults is often obtained by helping others, through family connections, and/or through activities of daily life, and that sources of meaning often differ based on the older adults' living situation. Assessing how meaning compares to happiness and social connection, we highlight general similarities and differences, and also find that living situation influences older adults' sources of happiness, desire for social connection, and barriers to well-being, in addition to companionship and happiness having a weaker correlation with meaning for those who live alone than for those who live with others. Additionally, we evaluated initial perceptions of a social robot (QT) meant to enhance ikigai and overall well-being, finding mostly positive perceptions, though those who live alone also reported being less willing to adopt a social robot into their homes. Using both data collected on older adults' meaning and the potential use of QT to support meaning, we make several design recommendations with regards to using robots to enhance ikigai, such as by prompting daily reflecting, enhancing family bonds, and suggesting new experiences and volunteer opportunities.

Emotion Regulation Strategies and Sense of Life Meaning: The Chain-Mediating Role of Gratitude and Subjective Wellbeing.

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of college students' meaning of life. The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Gratitude Questionnaire Six-Item Form, the General Wellbeing Schedule, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire were used as measurement instruments. In total, 1,312 valid responses were obtained. The results showed that the cognitive reappraisal and expression suppression strategies were significantly positively and negatively correlated with gratitude, subjective wellbeing, and the sense of life meaning, respectively. Further, Emotion regulation strategies can affect college students' sense of life meaning through three paths: the mediating effect of gratitude; the mediating effect of subjective wellbeing; the chain mediating effect of gratitude and subjective wellbeing. This study illuminated the roles of gratitude, and subjective wellbeing in influencing the sense of life meaning among the Chinese college students. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.

Resiliencia, optimismo, esperanza y sentido de vida en el adulto mayor con y sin enfermedad crónica de la ciudad de Bogotá / Resilience, Optimism, Hope, and Sense of Life in Older Adults With and Without Chronic Diseases in Bogota

Resumen El padecimiento de enfermedades crónicas impacta la calidad de vida, el bienestar y el funcionamiento de los adultos mayores. De allí la necesidad de potencializar las cualidades y recursos psicológicos que incidan de forma positiva en su calidad de vida. En ese sentido, el objetivo de la investigación fue describir los niveles de resiliencia, optimismo, esperanza y sentido de vida en el adulto mayor con o sin enfermedad crónica. El diseño del estudio fue de tipo descriptivo correlacional, de corte transversal, por encuesta. Participaron 200 personas, 100 que presentaban una enfermedad crónica y 100 que no la presentaban, seleccionadas mediante muestreo no aleatorio de sujetos disponibles, residentes en Bogotá (Colombia). Se utilizaron instrumentos para medir resiliencia (Cuestionario Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10)), optimismo (Escala de Optimismo Disposicional (DIOP)), esperanza (Escala de esperanza para adultos AHS (Adult hope scale)) y propósito vital (Test de Propósito Vital (PIL)). Los resultados indican que los adultos mayores con enfermedad crónica muestran niveles menores de resiliencia, optimismo, esperanza y propósito de vida, en comparación con los adultos mayores sin enfermedades crónicas. Lo anterior, nos permite entender que la condición de enfermedad afecta los recursos psicológicos de la persona, entendidos en esta investigación como resiliencia, optimismo, esperanza y propósito de vida, que a su vez funcionan como factores protectores de la salud mental en los procesos de enfermedad, en los cuales se visualiza la oportunidad de fortalecer o reforzan mediante el establecimiento de programas de intervención.

Abstract Having a chronic disease impacts the quality of life, well-being, and functioning of older adults. Hence the need to potentiate the psychological qualities and resources that positively impact their quality of life. In this sense, the objective of this research was to describe the levels of resilience, optimism, hope, and sense of life in older adults with or without chronic diseases. The study design is descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional, with the use of surveys. A total of 200 people participated, 100 with a chronic disease and 100 without, selected through non-random sampling of available subjects residing in Bogota (Colombia). Instruments were used to assess resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale Questionnaire [CD-RISC 10]), optimism (Dispositional Optimism Scale [DIOP]), hope (Adult Hope Scale [AHS]), and vital purpose (Vital Purpose Test [PIL]). The results indicate that older adults with chronic diseases have lower levels of resilience, optimism, hope, and life purpose, compared to older adults without chronic diseases. This allows us to understand that having a disease impacts the psychological resources of a person, understood in this research as resilience, optimism, hope, and life purpose, which in turn function as protective factors of mental health. There is an opportunity to strengthen or reinforce these factors through the creation of intervention programs.

Interrelaciones entre el sentido de la vida, la actividad física, la red de apoyo social, la edad y el género en adultos mayores / Interrelationships between the meaning of life, physical activity, social support network, age, and gender in older adults

Resumen Introducción: los adultos mayores que asisten a los centros diurnos tienen la oportunidad de interactuar con sus pares y realizar actividades, lo cual podría incidir en su sentido de la vida. Objetivo: evidenciar las asociaciones entre el sentido de la vida, la actividad física, la red de apoyo social, la edad y el género en siete centros diurnos de la provincia de Heredia, Costa Rica. Metodología: el estudio es cuantitativo de corte transversal. Se eligieron siete centros diurnos de los cuales se seleccionó una muestra por conveniencia de 77 adultos mayores. Las variables investigadas fueron el sentido de la vida, la actividad física, la red de apoyo social, la edad y el género. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron autoreportes y los investigadores ayudaron a aclarar dudas sobre las preguntas. Resultados: el 46 % de las personas mayores reportó una falta de sentido de la vida y un 36 % un nivel de actividad física baja. Se determinó una asociación significativa entre la red de apoyo social y el sentido de la vida (.= .911; p < .001), entre la edad y la red de apoyo social (.=.30 .=.048), y entre el apoyo social y el género femenino (.=-6.08, .=.010). Conclusiones: la red de apoyo social es un predictor del sentido de la vida, así como la edad y el género predicen la red de apoyo social; pero no la actividad física reportada sobre las variables investigadas.

Abstract Introduction. Older adults attending daycare centers are in an environment in which different variables are interrelated and could shape their meaning of life, among other aspects. Objective: To analyze the associations between the meaning of life, physical activity, social support network, age, and gender in seven-day centers in the province of Heredia, Costa Rica. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional quantitative study. Seventy-seven older adults were recruited from seven-day centers. The variables investigated were the meaning of life, physical activity, social support network, age, and gender. Self-reports were collected and researchers clarified any doubts. Results: 46% of the participants reported a meaningless life and 36% low levels of physical activity. Significant associations were found between social support network and meaning of life (. = .91; . <.001), age and social support network (. = .30 . = .048), and social support and female gender (. = -6.08, . = .010). Conclusions: The social support network is a predictor of the meaning of life and age and gender predict the social support network, but not the physical activity reported in the variables investigated.

The relationship between moral sense of life and prosocial behavior among medical students: the multiple mediating effects of meaning in life and empathy / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship between moral sense of life and prosocial behavior among medical students, and the multiple mediating effects of meaning in life and empathy.Methods:A total of 721 medical students from Weifang Medical University were tested with moral sense of life scale (MSLS), meaning in life questionnaire (MLQ), interpersonal reactivity index-C (IRI-C) and prosocial behavior tendency scale (PBTS). Common method bias test, Spearman correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted to analyze the data using SPSS 22.0 software, and PROCESS macro program was used to test the mediating effect of meaning in life and empathy between moral sense of life and prosocial behavior.Results:Moral sense of life, meaning in life, empathy and prosocial behavior were significantly positively correlated with each other( r=0.24-0.56, all P<0.01). Analysis of mediating effects revealed that moral sense of life affected prosocial behavior through three indirect pathways: the separate meditating effects of both meaning in life and empathy (the effect size=0.11, 0.06), accounting for 57.89% and 31.58% of the total indirect effect respectively), the chain mediating effect of meaning in life and empathy (the effect size=0.02), accounting for 10.53% of the total indirect effect. Meaning in life and empathy play a full mediating role in the relationship between moral sense of life and prosocial behavior. Conclusion:Moral sense of life can indirectly increase medical students′ prosocial behavior through meaning in life and empathy. Meaning in life and empathy exert a chain-mediating effect between moral sense of life and prosocial behavior.

Meaning in life and health care use: findings from a nationally representative study of older adults in Germany.

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of studies examining the link between meaning in life and health care use. Meaning in life refers to a sense of comprehension and significance in life. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between meaning in life and health care use. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from the German Ageing Survey, a nationally representative sample of older adults, was used for this study (in the analytical sample: n = 3850; year 2002). The frequency of GP and specialist visits in the past 12 months were used as outcome measures. Meaning in life was assessed using a single item measure. Based on Andersen's model, covariates were selected. Sex, age, family status, occupational status, income, self-rated health, physical functioning, depressive symptoms, and the number of physical illnesses were adjusted for in a multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: After adjusting for various potential confounders, there was a positive association between meaning in life and GP (IRR: 1.04, 95%-CI: 1.01-1.08) as well as specialist visits (IRR: 1.07, 95%-CI: 1.02-1.12) in a multiple regression analysis. With the exception of employment status (retired vs. employed), income and need factors, no covariates were consistently associated with both outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlighted the association between meaning in life and health care use. Our results indicate that there are other factors that are associated with health care use, beyond need-variables. This might help to identify individuals at risk for under- or overuse of health care services.

Caracterización de la espiritualidad del estudiante de la Corporación Universitaria Lasallista 2017-2018 / Characterization of the spirituality of students at the Lasallian University Corporation in 2017-2018 / Sentidos das práticas discursivas na formação de educadores na chave da educação pela paz e a construção da cidadania

Resumen Introducción: este artículo es el resultado de un proyecto de investigación basado en la descripción de las características de la espiritualidad de los jóvenes de la Corporación Universitaria Lasallista realizado entre 20162018. Objetivo: interpretar las características que conforman la espiritualidad de los jóvenes en la Corporación Universitaria Lasallista. Materiales y métodos: se realizó a partir de un enfoque cualitativo. El método empleado fue el hermenéutico y la aplicación de técnicas de recolección de datos como la encuesta a 346 jóvenes de la Corporación Universitaria Lasallista, a través de un cuestionario por correo conformado con preguntas abiertas, en donde los participantes describieron su espiritualidad. Además, se realizaron cinco grupos focales con un grupo de estudiantes y docentes. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la técnica de triangulación. Resultados: entre los resultados más relevantes del estudio, se concluye que los jóvenes relacionan la espiritualidad con creencias en una fuerza divina en la cual, la mayoría le otorgan un sentido trascendente que le da sentido a su existencia. En cuanto a la manera como los jóvenes expresan y viven la espiritualidad se halla que gira en torno a apuestas plurales. Conclusiones: se evidencia que no hay la presencia de un tipo de espiritualidad, sino que cada joven tiene una manera diferente de constatar su búsqueda de lo sagrado en la vida y, la alimenta desde las creencias y la similitud con el sentido de vida.

Abstract Introduction: This article is the result of a research project based on the description of the characteristics of the spirituality of young people of the Lasallian University Corporation. Objective: Interpret the characteristics that form the spirituality of young people in the Lasallian University Corporation. Materials and methods: The work was carried out based on a qualitative approach. The main method applied was hermeneutics and data collection techniques such as the survey were applied to 346 young people of the Lasallian University Corporation, through a mail questionnaire made up of open-ended questions where participants described their spirituality. In addition, there were five focus groups with a group of students and teachers. The triangulation technique was used to analyze the data. Results: Among the most relevant results of the study, it is concluded that young people relate spirituality to beliefs in a divine force to which the majority grant a transcendent meaning that gives meaning to their existence. As for the way young people express and live spirituality, it is found that it revolves around plural bets. Conclusions: It is evident that there is no presence of a type of spirituality, but that each young person has a different way of confirming their search for the sacred in life and feeds it from beliefs and similarity to the meaning of life.

Resumo Introdução: esta reflexão de pesquisa emerge no marco da situação que vivia Colômbia a fim de consolidar o acordo da paz, é por isso que, se fiz necessário centrar o olhar na formação de educadores, pois estes são atores sociais, éticos e políticos que com seu trabalho pedagógico aportam à construção uma cultura de paz. Neste sentido, o objetivo esteve orientado para revelar as práticas discursivas em torno à educação para a paz e construção de cidadania que circulam e se apropriam na formação de educadores em oito faculdades de educação e dois normais superiores no departamento de Antioquia. Os materiais e métodos: a pesquisa é qualitativa com a abordagem fenomenológico e documental, as técnicas utilizadas: entrevista, grupo focal e análise documental; os instrumentos: guia de entrevista, guia de grupo focal e o ficho para a análise de documentos institucionais. A análise se realizou com a informação que emitia cada instrumento e posteriormente se triangulou em uma matriz de quatro quadrantes do sentido proposto pelos pesquisadores. Os resultados: os sentidos das práticas discursivas se plantearam desde quatro perspectivas, que são subjetiva, objetiva, intersubjetiva e interobjetiva. Se Conclui que os sentidos das práticas discursivas estão situados desde o subjetivo no próprio saber, sentir e vivência. O objetivo nas experiências, protocolos e estratégias. O intersubjetivo na inter-relação e cultura discursiva e a interobjetiva se refere à institucionalização e aplicação explícita das políticas educativas.

Malestar ético y desgaste emocional en profesionales que trabajan en proyectos de atención psicosocial a víctimas de violencia política en Medellín y Antioquia / Ethical discomfort and emotional toll in professionals who work on psychosocial care projects for victims of political violence in Medellin and Antioquia (Col)

Resumen Objetivo: Este artículo se enmarca en una investigación sobre procesos de reparación e intervención psicosocial, con víctimas de violencia política y el conflicto armado en la ciudad de Medellín y otros municipios del departamento de Antioquia, ejecutados bajo la Ley 1448 de 2011. Se pretende comprender las experiencias subjetivas de malestar ético y desgaste emocional en profesionales vinculados a estos proyectos de reparación que han tenido consecuencias negativas en la población y en los profesionales. Método: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, con enfoque fenomenológico-hermenéutico, a través de 32 entrevistas semiestructuradas y en profundidad a igual número de profesionales que laboraron en estos proyectos y manifestaron sentirse "quemados" en su trabajo con muestreo tipológico, intencional y en bola de nieve. La interpretación de resultados se realizó a partir de un análisis categorial de discurso, procediendo con un análisis de coherencia e intratextual de cada entrevista para pasar al proceso intertextual, que cruzaba el relato de todos los participantes, según categorías (Desgaste emocional/Malestar ético). Resultados: Se hizo una codificación teórica que evidenció significados compartidos y representaciones construidas, donde se identificaron dilemas éticos ante el ordenamiento tecno-burocrático, deficiencias en la calidad de la atención y acciones poco transformadoras, que generan daño, lo cual produjo malestar subjetivo y desgaste emocional en los profesionales. Conclusiones: Se hace necesario sortear las vicisitudes burocráticas de los proyectos y abrir espacios para un trabajo coherente y restaurador por parte de los profesionales, que a su vez permita el cuidado y mejores condiciones laborales.

Abstract Objective: This is a research paper related to psychosocial care projects for victims of political violence and the armed conflict, in Medellin and other municipalities from Antioquia, based on Law 1448 of 2011. In order to understand subjective experiences, which reveal ethical discomfort and emotional toll on professionals committed with support projects, which have had negative impacts not only on those professionals but also on the community. Method: A qualitative research, with a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach was conducted, 32 in depth, semi-structured interviews, with 32 professionals who worked on these support projects and who claim to be "stagnated" in their work. Typological and intentional sampling, through snowball was performed. In order to interpret results, processes such as: a categorical of speech analysis, then consistency and intra-textual analysis of each interview, going through an inter-textual process which made possible to classify stories of all participants by categories (Emotional distress/Ethical discomfort), were considered. Results: A theoretical encoding, showed shared meanings and constructed representations, where ethical dilemmas because of the techno-bureaucratic procedures, were evident; likewise, deficiencies in relation with the quality of the attention and non-significant transformative actions, which generate damage, subjective discomfort and emotional toll on professionals were observed. Conclusions: To avoid bureaucratic vicissitudes on these kind of projects and to open spaces for a coherent and restorative work, providing then care and better working conditions for these professionals, would become necessary.

Social support and sense of life in patients with anxiety disorders - preliminary report. / Wsparcie spoleczne a poczucie sensu zycia u osób z zaburzeniami lekowymi ­ doniesienie wstepne.

OBJECTIVES: Verification of the level of social support perception and sense of life in patients with anxiety disorder and healthy people; evaluation of the relationship between these variables. METHODS: The Social Support Questionnaire short version (F-SozU K-22) by G. Sommer and T. Fydrich and the Life Attitude Profile (LAP-R) by G.T. Reker were used. RESULTS: Social support and its dimensions prove to be significantly lower in patients with anxiety disorders. Healthy individuals have a higher sense of purpose, greater internal coherence, control of life, personal sense and balance of life attitudes, and lower intensity of existential emptiness. Higher emotional support and older age increase the level of sense of life in people with anxiety disorders. CONCLUSIONS: For preventive and therapeutic purposes, it is important to develop and sustain the internal resources of the individual (sense of life and age-related experience). In patients with neurotic disorders, it also seems essential to use psychotherapy aimed at changing the patterns of personality that impede them from building social support networks. This is due to the fact that anxiety disorders are often characterized by lower confidence, avoidance of interpersonal relationships, falsified perception of social support, leading thus to distorted interpretation of supportive actions.

Sentidos de vida de mujeres víctimas por desaparición forzada en Granada, Antioquia / Sense of Life of Victimized Women of Forced Disappearance in Granada, Antioquia

Resumen Al analizar las acciones que emprenden las mujeres víctimas por desaparición forzada en Granada, (Antioquia) y las incidencias que dichas acciones tienen en sus sentidos de vida, nace la necesidad de indagar por las formas cómo han resignificado las mujeres víctimas el hecho por desaparición, debido a la falta de significación entre el estado y la ciudadanía. En este sentido, el proyecto investigativo cobra relevancia en el estudio fenomenológico como forma de analizar cada uno de los fenómenos representados en la desaparición forzada, el cual permita narrar y describir cada una de las afectaciones, acciones e incidencias de cada una de las mujeres víctimas de la Asociación De Víctimas De Granada (Asovida). Por tal motivo, se hace necesario el enfoque logo terapéutico como propuesta metodológica de resignificación de los sentidos de vida para encaminar cada una de las experiencias como guía para el restablecimiento de cada uno de sus derechos, en la construcción de paz.

Abstract In analyzing the actions undertaken by victimized women forced disappearance in Granada, (Antioquia) and the incidents that these actions have on their senses of life, it is necessary to investigate the ways that victimized women have given a new meaning to the fact related to disappearance, due to the lack of significance between the state and the citizenry. In this sense, the research project becomes relevant in the phenomenological study as a way of analyzing each one of the phenomena represented in the forced disappearance, which allows to narrate and to describe each one of the affections, actions and incidents of each of the victimized women of the Association of Victims of Granada (Asovida). For this reason, the logotherapeutic approach is necessary as a methodological proposal for the resignification of the senses of life in order to channel each of the experiences as a guideline for the restoration of each one of their rights, in the construction of peace.

Validación del Test Sentido de Vida en pacientes adultos con cáncer / Validation of the Purpose in Life Test (PIL) in adult patients with cancer

Introducción: El sentido de la vida es lo que da significado y ayuda a encontrar un soporte interno a la existencia. Sin embargo, el padecimiento de una enfermedad oncológica pudiera conllevar su pérdida o afectación. Diversos logoterapeutas han intentado evaluar la percepción del sentido de la vida que experimenta el hombre mediante instrumentos de evaluación estandarizados. En Cuba no existe un instrumento que evalúe esta importante categoría psicológica. Objetivo: Determinar la fiabilidad y validez del instrumento Sentido de Vida en adultos con cáncer atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología de La Habana, Cuba. Material y Métodos: La investigación consistió en el desarrollo de una tecnología para validar el Test Sentido de Vida mediante el análisis de Fiabilidad (a través de la Consistencia Interna) y el análisis de la Validez de contenido y de constructo. El Test Sentido de Vida, diseñado por Crumbaugh y Maholick y validado en la población española por Noblezas, fue sometido a un proceso de adaptación lingüística y cultural. En el diseño se contó con la participación de un grupo de cinco expertos psicólogos en la revisión del componente lingüístico, desde una perspectiva del contexto en que se aplicaría el instrumento. Resultados: Se obtuvo un α de Cronbach global de 0,853; se modificaron los ítems 6, 10,12 y 16 de los 20 reactivos que componen el test y a pesar de la concepción unidimensional del instrumento, se identificaron 5 componentes correlacionados entre sí. Conclusiones: Los resultados confirmaron la validez y confiabilidad del Test Sentido de Vida en los pacientes con cáncer estudiados(AU)

Introduction: The sense of life gives meaning and helps to find an internal support to existence. However, the suffering of an oncological disease could lead to its loss or affectation. Several logotherapists have tried to assess the perception of the sense of life experienced by the human being through standardized assessment instruments. In Cuba, there is no instrument that evaluates this important psychological category. Objective: To determine the reliability and validity of the Purpose in Life Test (PIL) in adults with cancer treated in the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology of Havana, Cuba. Material and Methods: The research consisted of the development of a technology aimed at validating the Purpose in Life Test (PIL) through the analysis of Internal Consistency Reliability and the analysis of the Content and Construct Validity. The Purpose in Life Test (PIL), which was designed by Crumbaugh and Maholick and validated in the Spanish population by the Nobility was submitted to a linguistic and cultural adaptation process. In the design, a group of five experts in Psychology participated in the review of the linguistic component from a context perspective in which the instrument would be applied. Results: Overall Cronbach's α was 0,853; items 6,10,12 and 16 of the 20 items that make up the test were modified and, despite the one-dimensional conception of the instrument, 5 correlated components were identified. Conclusions: The results confirmed the validity and reliability of the Purpose in Life Test in the patients with cancer studied(AU)

O suicídio: um problema (também) filosófico / Suicide: a philosophical issue (as well)

Neste texto, procuro abordar o problema do suicídio a partir de uma leitura sob um viés filosófico-psicológico. Primeiramente, ofereço alguns aportes acerca do problema da morte voluntária estabelecendo um grande arco de reflexão que vai de Platão a Schopenhauer. Num segundo momento, aduzo as contribuições de Shneidman e Frankl, os quais, sob um prisma analítico-comportamental, procuram responder à grande pergunta acerca do sentido da vida e de como a falta dele pode levar a uma crise suicida. Remeto também, ainda que de modo bem pontual, às contribuições de Botega acerca do problema do suicídio no Brasil. Por fim, ofereço algumas considerações que podem ampliar o debate sobre o problema do suicídio, uma temática que permanece silenciosa em grande parte das discussões acadêmicas.

In this paper I intend to present some remarks on suicide having as my point of depart a philosophical-psychological approach. Firstly, I offer a somewhat extensive point of view regarding the voluntary death by means of a reflexive dialogue that brings together the main proposals from Plato to Schopenhauer. Furthermore, the contributions of Shneidman and Frankl are complementary, by means of an analytical-behaviorist approach in order to further my arguments regarding the major question about the sense of life and to what extent its lacking can lead to a suicidal crisis. The study of Botega is also mentioned once it is the best comprehensive survey so far in Brazil. The closing section offers some remarks which could be used to widen the horizon on suicide, an issue that remains profoundly silent in most of academic debate.

Sense of life worth living (ikigai) and incident functional disability in elderly Japanese: The Tsurugaya Project.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that elderly persons who feel ikigai (a sense of life worth living) have a lower risk of incident functional disability than those who do not. Recent studies have suggested that ikigai impacts on mortality. However, its impact upon disability is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between ikigai and incident functional disability among elderly persons. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 830 Japanese elderly persons aged ≥70 years as a comprehensive geriatric assessment in 2003. Information on ikigai was collected by self-reported questionnaire. Data on functional disability were retrieved from the public Long-term Care Insurance database in which participants were followed up for 11 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incidence of functional disability were calculated for three groups delineated according to the presence of ikigai ("no", "uncertain" or "yes") using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: The 11-year incidence of functional disability was 53.3% (442 cases). As compared with the "no" group, the multiple-adjusted HR (95% CI) of incident functional disability was 0.61 (0.36­1.02) for the "uncertain" group and 0.50 (0.30­0.84) for the "yes" group. CONCLUSION: A stronger degree of ikigai is significantly associated with a lower risk of incident functional disability.

Study on the impact of medical environment on the life meaning of medical students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To study on the impact of medical environment on the life meaning of med-ical students. Methods A stratified sampling method was used to investigate 220 medical students in September 2013. The content of the survey includes the evaluation of the doctor-patient relationship, the evaluation of the medical ethics of medical personnel, and the influencing factors of the life meaning of medical students. SPSS 19.0 was used to make the chi-square test and multiple linear regression analysis of the data. Results For the evaluation of the current social present situation and doctor-patient relationship, there is statistical difference (P<0.05) between the students of different sex, the student cadres and the non-student cadres. For the medical ethics present situation evaluation, there is statistically significant difference of evaluation (P<0.05) between student cadres and non-student cadres and students with different professional interests. Average score of life meaning is 85.8 points, and whether students like the profession, the current view of the doctor-patient relationship, and the current study and work conditions are the main impact factors affecting the medical students' sense of meaning of life in. Conclusions To enhance medical students' sense of life, we need to attach importance to clinical practice, strengthen professional ideological education, guide students to learn actively, and make objective and rational evaluation of medical status.

Correlation study between nursing students′ sense of life meaning and death attitudes / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To analyze the relevance between the nursing students′ sense of life meaning and death attitudes. Methods 181 nursing students were surveyed with the Purpose In Life Test (PIL) and Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R), and then did the relevant statistical analysis. Results The nursing undergraduates′overall average of PIL was (91.45 ± 10.54) points, and the neutral acceptance death attitude got the highest scores which were 24.14 ± 5.78, while escape acceptance got the lowest scores which were 11.76 ± 3.61. And there was a significant negative correlation (r =-0.257, P <0.05) between the sense of life meaning and death attitudes. Conclusions There was a significant negative correlation between the sense of life meaning and death attitudes, the more sense of life meaning was, the more positive attitudes toward death would be. So it′s of great importance to provide life-and-death education to improve the nursing students′sense of life meaning and death attitudes.

Study on the relationship between medical students' general self-efficacy and sense life meaning / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To understand the current status of students' self-efficacy and sense of life meaning in medical college students, and explore the relationship between them, then give advice to improve the students' general self-efficacy and the sense of life meaning.Methods A random sampling method was used to select 386 undergraduates in a medical college from freshman to senior.The purpose in life test (PIL) revised by He Jiying (1994) and general self efficacy scale (GSES) revised by Wang Caikang (2001) were used in this research.Data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 software, and the data were analyzed by t test, x2 test, Spearman correlation analysis.Inspection level of alpha=0.01 (double side).Results The score of GSES was (2.62 ± 0.40), and the score of PIL was (74.06 ± 11.09);t test showed that the PIL score of students with higher GSES score was higher than the PIL score of students with lower GSES score (t=5.054, P=0.000);The correlation analysis showed that GSES score was positively correlated with PIL score (r=0.283, P=0.000).Conclusion The general self-efficacy and sense of life meaning of medical college students are in the medium level, and the positive correlation exists between the two.A series of measures should be adopted to strengthen the students' general efficacy, so as to improve their sense of life.

5. Searching for the origin of medical care and welfare: / 医学教育

  I compared the education experiences of cultural anthropology majors and nursing students, with an emphasis on the later, and discuss how the experience of making bamboo musical instruments is effective for revealing the relations among humans, nature, and health. The aim of learning to make bamboo musical instruments for students not specializing in cultural anthropology, such as nursing students, is to encourage thinking about the origin of medicine and welfare from a universal viewpoint more rooted in life. Developing a new method leading to education to maintain “a sense of life” possessed by all people is as important as professional training in medical education. To provide a way of gaining an understanding of “life” through taking part in the activities of life is the role of cultural anthropology.