Prevalence of Sensory Processing Deficits in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy - An Indian Caregiver's Perspective.

This study aims to analyze the prevalence and patterns of sensory processing deficits (SPD) in Indian children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) using child sensory profile-2 (CSP-2) caregiver questionnaire. The authors surveyed 230 caregivers of children aged 3 to 14 y with spastic CP, using CSP-2. The difference in prevalence and distribution of SPDs among the CP subtypes and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels was done. Overall prevalence of "Definite" (>2 SD) SPDs was 83%. Forty-seven percent had definite SPDs in more than one sensory subsection. Prevalence of definite SPDs was similar among the spastic CP subtypes. "Conduct" domain had more affection among hemiplegics and quadriplegics. "Avoiding" pattern was observed more in quadriplegics and "Seeking" pattern was observed less in diplegics. Severe GMFCS levels had more definite sensory processing deficits. SPDs are highly prevalent in children with spastic CP with unique patterns of affection among the spastic CP subtypes.

Responses to Sensory Events in Daily Life in Children with Cerebral Palsy from a Parent Reported Perspective and in a Swedish Context.

The motor disorders of cerebral palsy (CP) are often accompanied by sensory disturbances, but knowledge of their relationship to motor functioning is sparse. This study explored responses to sensory events in relation to spastic subtype and motor functioning in children with CP. Parents of 60 children with CP (unilateral: 18, bilateral: 42) with GMFCS levels I:29, II:13, III:15 and IV:3 of mean age 12.3 years (3.7 SD) participated. The parents (n = 55) rated their children´s responses with the norm-referenced questionnaire Child Sensory Profile-2© (CSP-2©), Swedish version, incorporating nine sections and four sensory processing patterns/quadrants, and replied (n = 57) to two additional questions. On the CSP-2©, thirty (55%) of the children were reported to have responses "much more than others" (>2 SD) in one or more of the sections and/or quadrants and 22 (40%) in the section of Body Position, overrepresented by the children with bilateral CP. The additional questions revealed that a greater proportion of children at GMFCS levels III-IV compared to level I frequently were requested to sit/stand up straight (14/17 versus 6/26, p < 0.001) and were sound sensitive at a younger age (14/17 versus 10/26, p = 0.005). The findings of this study highlight the sensory aspects of motor functioning in children with spastic CP.

Psychometric properties of Korean Infant Sensory Profile 2.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate test-retest reliability and convergent validity of the Korean Infant Sensory Profile 2 (K-ISP2) and explore whether the sensory processing of infants differs according to age, gender, and culture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants were 140 Korean caregivers of infants aged 0-6 months. They completed the K-ISP2 and the Korean version of 'What My Baby Is Like' (K-WBL), a scale for measuring infant temperament, for convergent validity. The K-ISP2 was re-administrated for test-retest reliability with a mean interval of 16 days. RESULTS: The K-ISP2 showed good test-retest reliability (ICC = .84) and significant but weak convergent validity with the K-WBL (amenability/persistence, r = -.28, p < .001; adaptability, r = -.30, p < .001; reactivity, r = .24, p = .004; activity, r = .20, p = .02). There were no significant age and gender differences in the K-ISP2 total score. The K-ISP2 total score was similar to that of the Infant Sensory Profile 2 (ISP2). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides reliability and validity evidence of the K-ISP2. Normative data of K-ISP2 total score can be established regardless of age or gender. The ISP2 has showed similar psychometric properties for populations of both Korea and the United States.KEY MESSAGESSensory processing is a fundamental component for adaptive responses to environment and begins to develop before birth.The Korean Infant Sensory Profile 2 (K-ISP2) can be used to assess sensory processing patterns of Korean infants, with evidence of reliability and validity.Total scores of the K-ISP2 can be interpreted with one normative data set regardless of age and gender.

Caregivers' Assessment of the Sensory Processing Patterns Exhibited by Children with Autism in the Gulf Region.

This study explored the nature, prevalence, and developmental profiles of sensory processing disorders among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The participants comprised 119 children with ASD and 30 typically developing children and their parents. The Child Sensory Profile-2 was used to assess the children's sensory processing characteristics. The children with ASD exhibited elevated sensory processing difficulties. Deficits were observed in all the sensory modalities among the children with ASD, except the visual processing modality. Age-related improvements were observed in most sensory processing domains, although non-significant differences were noted in three domains. These findings should enhance understanding of the sensory challenges faced by children with ASD and contribute to the development of individually tailored, targeted, and age-specific therapeutic interventions.

Tradução e Adaptação Cultural do School Companion Sensory Profile 2 para Crianças e Jovens Brasileiros / Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the School Companion Sensory Profile 2 for Brazilian Children and Youths

RESUMO: Este estudo objetivou adaptar culturalmente, verificar a confiabilidade e sugerir um escore normativo do School Companion Sensory Profile 2 (SCSP-2) para crianças e jovens brasileiros de 3 a 14 anos e 11 meses. O SCSP-2 foi adaptado culturalmente para o Brasil seguindo as etapas de tradução inicial (dois tradutores independentes), tradução conciliada (dois integrantes do comitê técnico), análise de equivalência (quatro especialistas em integração sensorial), retrotradução (dois tradutores de língua materna inglesa), aprovação da autora e pré-teste. O pré-teste verificou a clareza e a compreensão (desdobramento cognitivo/validade de face) e a confiabilidade (equivalência interexaminadores, consistência interna e reprodutibilidade) da versão traduzida, com a participação de 74 professores que responderam ao questionário referente a 146 crianças. Os itens apresentaram índice de concordância acima de 75% no desdobramento cognitivo. A equivalência interexaminadores e teste-reteste apresentaram K ≥ 0,88 em todos os itens pesquisados. Observaram-se valores aceitáveis de consistência interna em quase todas as áreas sensoriais, quadrantes de procura sensorial e sensibilidade sensorial e no fator escolar 2. Os escores preliminares brasileiros são distintos dos americanos. O SCSP-2 adaptado para o Brasil apresenta evidências de validade baseada no conteúdo, além de boa consistência interna, possibilitando identificar problemas de processamento sensorial em crianças e jovens brasileiros.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to adapt culturally, verify the reliability, and suggest a normative score for the School Companion Sensory Profile 2 (SCSP-2) for Brazilian children and youths aged 3 to 14 years and 11 months. The SCSP-2 was culturally adapted for Brazil following the steps of initial translation (two independent translators), reconciled translation (two members of the technical committee), equivalence analysis (four experts in sensory integration), back-translation (two English mother tongue translators), author approval and pre-test. The pre-test verified the clarity and understanding (cognitive unfolding/face validity) and reliability (inter-examiner equivalence, internal consistency, and reproducibility) of the translated version, with the participation of 74 teachers who answered the questionnaire referring to 146 children. The items showed an agreement rate above 75% in cognitive unfolding/face validity. The inter-examiner and test-retest equivalence showed K ≥ 0.88 in all items surveyed. Acceptable internal consistency values were observed in almost all sensory areas, quadrants of sensory seeking and sensory sensitivity, and in the school factor 2. The Brazilian preliminary scores are different from the American ones. The SCSP-2 adapted for Brazil presents evidence of content-based validity and good internal consistency, making it possible to identify sensory processing problems in Brazilian children and youths.

Cognitive, Behavioral, and Sensory Profile of Pallister-Killian Syndrome: A Prospective Study of 22 Individuals.

BACKGROUND: Developmental delay and intellectual disability are two pivotal elements of the phenotype of Pallister-Killian Syndrome (PKS). Our study aims to define the cognitive, adaptive, behavioral, and sensory profile of these patients and to evaluate possible correlations between the different aspects investigated and with the main clinical and demographic variables. METHODS: Individuals of any age with genetically confirmed PKS were recruited. Those ≤ 42 months were administered the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition (Bayley-III), and those > 42 months the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Second Edition (Vineland-II). Stereotyped behaviors (Stereotypy Severity Scale, SSS) and aggressive behaviors (Behavior Problems Inventory-Short Version, BPIs) were assessed in all subjects > 1 year; sensory profile (Child Sensory Profile 2, C-SP2) in all aged 2-18 years. RESULTS: Twenty-two subjects were enrolled (11 F/11 M; age 9 months to 28 years). All subjects ≤ 42 months had psychomotor developmental delay. Of the subjects > 42 months, 15 had low IQ deviation, and 1 in the normal range. Stereotypies were frequent (median SSS-total score 25/68). Lower Vineland-II values corresponded to greater intensity and frequency of stereotypies (p = 0.004 and p = 0.003), and self-injurious behaviors (p = 0.002 and p = 0.002). Patients with severe low vision had greater interference of stereotypies (p = 0.027), and frequency and severity of aggressive behaviors (p = 0.026; p = 0.032). The C-SP2, while not homogeneous across subjects, showed prevalence of low registration and sensory seeking profiles and hypersensitivity to tactile and auditory stimuli. Lower Vineland-II scores correlated with higher Registration scores (p = 0.041), while stereotypies were more frequent and severe in case of high auditory sensitivity (p = 0.019; p = 0.007). Finally, greater sleep impairment correlated with stereotypies and self-injurious behaviors, and lower Vineland-II scores. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides a further step in the investigation of the etiopathogenesis of the syndrome. Furthermore, these aspects could guide rehabilitation therapy through the identification of targeted protocols.

Is sensory processing an issue for infants with colic?

OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between sensory functioning, sleep, cry/fuss, and feeding behaviors of infants with colic younger than 4 months of age. METHODS: Dunn's Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile™ and a modified Barr Baby Day Diary© were used to assess 44 breastfed infants with colic under four months of age. Colic was defined according to Wessel's criteria. RESULTS: Thirty-four of the 44 infants with colic (77%) scored as atypical for sensory processing. Of these, 56% scored atypical for sensory processing on quadrant one (Q1) (Low Registration), with 24%, 65%, and 18% scoring as atypical for sensory processing on Q2 (Sensory seeking), Q3 (Sensory sensitivity), and Q4 (Sensation avoiding), respectively. All infants demonstrating sensation avoiding also scored as Low Threshold. A moderate statistically significant correlation was found between sensation seeking and time spent sleeping (r=0.31; p=0.04). No other statistically significant associations between infant behaviors and their sensory functioning were demonstrated. Overall, infants demonstrating atypical sensory responses (in any quadrant) slept significantly more than infants demonstrating typical sensory responses (mean difference=-67.8min/day; 95% CI=-133.6 to -2.1; p=0.04). CONCLUSION: Very limited associations between infant behaviors and sensory functioning were demonstrated, suggesting that sensory functioning may not be a significant factor in the multifactorial nature of infant colic. Further well-designed studies using validated tools for infants with colic are required to determine whether associations between infant behaviors and sensory functioning exist.