Impact of Pressing Time on the Microstructure of Two Types of Goat Cheeses and Its Relationship With Sensory Attributes.

The objective of this study was to study the impact of pressing time on the microstructure of goat cheese and its relationship with sensory attributes. The microstructure of the artisanal cheeses was performed by scanning electron microscopy and image analysis. The validation of the microstructural complexity was carried out experimentally with sensory attributes. The pressing time influenced the microstructural parameters Feretmax, Geodiam, and τ and the cheese type influenced the parameters Feretmax, Geodiam, and Geoelong. The correlation values between microstructural complexity and sensory attributes were 0.85 and 0.84 for fresh cheeses and matured cheeses, respectively. The pressure times of 12 and 18 h resulted in cheese microstructures with the highest complexity in terms of Feretmax, Geodiam, Geoelong, and τ parameters. The obtained results are supported by the correlation values between microstructural complexity and sensory attributes.

The effect of ballot design for strawberry yogurt analysis using CATA (check-all-that-apply) / Efecto del diseño de la ficha para el análisis de yogurt bebible de fresa por el método CATA (check-all-that-apply)

ABSTRACT Sensory evaluation of food is a constantly evolving field, where recently developed analysis methods are on their way to be consolidated. Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) is a rapid method used to describe sensory characteristics of a product through a personalized selection of terms; however, the format in which these terms are presented is not standardized. This study aimed to assess the effect of the design of four CATA ballots for the analysis of strawberry drinkable yogurt. Fifteen descriptive terms were established with the participation of 97 consumers, with 6 terms relating to texture, 5 to taste, and 2 to both appearance and odor. The four ballot models: a) columns, b) vertical list, c) radial distribution, and d) random distribution, were applied to characterize the same commercial brand of yogurt using 150 consumers for each model. According to Cochran's Q test, significant differences were found for the pink color, acid/sour taste, strawberry odor, creaminess, viscosity, milk odor, and artificial flavor. Among the four ballot models, model C shows less variability in selecting terms. Furthermore, there were found differences among the yogurt samples for physicochemical properties (p-value<0.05) related to instrumental color, pH, titratable acidity, and soluble solids, except for consistency index. Finally, these findings highlight that the ballot design affects consumer responses associated with the visual perception process resulting from the design, as well as the physicochemical characteristics of yogurt derived from the technological process experienced during manufacturing and commercialization.

RESUMEN La evaluación sensorial de alimentos se encuentra en constante evolución, donde los métodos de análisis recientemente desarrollados buscan consolidarse. Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) es un método rápido empleado para describir características sensoriales de un producto mediante una selección personalizada de términos. Sin embargo, el formato en que éstos se presentan no está estandarizado. Este estudio evaluó el efecto del diseño de cuatro fichas CATA para el análisis de yogurt bebible de fresa. Se generaron 15 descriptores con la participación de 97 consumidores; de estos descriptores 6 se relacionaron con la textura, 5 con el sabor y 2 tanto con apariencia como con el olor. Se diseñaron 4 modelos de fichas: a) columnas, b) lista vertical, c) distribución radial y d) distribución aleatoria, que fueron aplicados para caracterizar una misma marca de yogurt comercial, empleando 150 consumidores por cada modelo. La prueba Q de Cochran evidenció diferencias significativas para el color rosado, ácido/agrio, olor a fresa, cremoso, viscoso, olor a leche, y sabor artificial. De las cuatro fichas propuestas, el modelo C mostró menor variabilidad en la selección de términos. Asimismo, los lotes de yogurt presentaron propiedades fisicoquímicas heterogéneas (p-valor<0.05) en relación con el color instrumental, pH, acidez titulable y sólidos solubles con excepción del índice de consistencia. Finalmente, estos hallazgos evidencian que el diseño de la ficha ejerce un efecto significativo en la respuesta de los consumidores asociado al proceso de percepción visual originado por el diseño, así como a características fisicoquímicas inherentes al producto como consecuencia del procesamiento tecnológico y comercialización.

The Management of Irrigation and Potassium Fertilization to Mitigate the Effect of Light Frosts on the Phenolic and Volatile Compounds in Virgin Olive Oils.

The frequency of early frosts has increased in recent years, which are injurious to olive growing, causing losses in the yield and quality of virgin olive oil. In this research, it was studied how the management of agronomic factors mitigates frost damage in Arbequina olives, minimizing the loss of phenols and volatiles in virgin olive oil, at different fruit ripening stages. A Box-Behnken design and multivariate analysis were performed, with three levels of irrigation, potassium fertilization, and foliar copper application (15 treatments). Virgin olive oil was extracted from fresh and frozen olives. Light frost caused a significant decrease in the total phenols and secoiridoid compounds in and the antioxidant capacity of the frost-affected oils, which were perceived as more pungent and had the slight defect of "frostbitten olives". According to the Box-Behnken design, an 86% reference evapotranspiration (ET0) or higher with 100 potassium oxide units (UK2O) and a 100% ET0 or higher with 250 UK2O would be required to minimize the effect of light frost on phenols and volatiles. Partial Least Squares Regression-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) differentiated the virgin olive oils according to their ripening stage and fresh and frost conditions. Moreover, PLS-DA positively correlated a 75-100% ET0 and 0 Uk2O with the dialdehydic form of the decarboxymethyl ligstroside aglycone (p-HPEA-EDA), the dialdehydic form of the decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycone (3,4-DHPEA-EDA), the dialdehydic form of the ligstroside aglycone (p-HPEA-EDA-DLA), and with fruity, pungent, and bitter attributes. Precision agronomic management based on the needs of the crop itself would avoid unnecessary stress on olive trees and oil damage.

Fermentation of coffee fruit with sequential inoculation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae: effect on sensory attributes and chemical composition of the beans.

This study has innovative aspects related to the use of sequential inoculation technique in the coffee bean fermentation process: the inoculation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum followed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in the fermentation of coffee fruit for the production of specialty natural coffees. The objective was to evaluate the effect of this technique and of the total fermentation time on the sensory attributes of the coffee beverage and on the organic acid profile, bioactive compounds, and fatty acid profile of the beans. The fermentation of coffee fruit with sequential inoculation resulted in greater acidity of the beverage and contributed to increases of up to 2 points in coffee fermented. The total fermentation time was directly related to the organic acid content, and the longer the total fermentation time was, the greater the organic acid content. The fatty acid content and bioactive compound content showed little variation among treatments.

Moringa oleifera Lam. Commercial Beverages: A Multifaceted Investigation of Consumer Perceptions, Sensory Analysis, and Bioactive Properties.

This study employs a multidisciplinary approach to evaluate consumers' perceptions and acceptance of Moringa oleifera Lam. beverages, examining sensory attributes, chemical composition, and bioactivities. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) analyses revealed significant chemovariation in phenolic compositions among commercial moringa beverages. A soluble moringa powder drink exhibited the greatest concentrations of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, along with powerful antioxidant capacity powers assessed with ABTS•+, DPPH•, FRAP assays, •NO, and H2O2 scavenging activities. However, this sample was the least preferred and presented high Cd levels, exceeding WHO-acceptable values of 0.3 mg/kg. Sensory testing indicated that sweet and floral flavors contributed to beverages being liked, while green, grass, herbal flavors, sour, bitter, and precipitate presence were considered unfavorable sensory attributes. Health claims positively influenced acceptance, particularly among women. Consumers associated feelings of health, wellness, relaxation, and leisure with moringa beverages. During purchase, the most observed information included the ingredient list, health benefits, and type/flavor. These findings emphasize the importance of consumer awareness in reading labels, verifying product origins, and ensuring the absence of contaminants. By understanding consumer preferences and the impact of health claims, producers can better tailor M. oleifera beverages to meet consumer expectations while maintaining safety and quality standards.

Combined UV-C Technologies to Improve Safety and Quality of Fish and Meat Products: A Systematic Review.

This study aimed to identify the best UV-C combined treatments for ensuring the safety and quality of fish and meat products. A total of 4592 articles were screened in the relevant databases, and 16 were eligible studies. For fish, the most effective treatments to reduce Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were UV-C at 0.5 J/cm2 + non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) for 8 min (33.83%) and 1% Verdad N6 + 0.05 J/cm2 + vacuum packaging (25.81%), respectively. An oxygen absorber with 0.102 J/cm2 was the best combined treatment, reducing lipid oxidation (65.59%), protein oxidation (48.95), color (ΔE = 4.51), and hardness changes (18.61%), in addition to a shelf-life extension of at least 2 days. For meat products, Gram-negative bacteria were more reduced by nir-infrared heating (NIR-H; 200.36 µW/cm2/nm) combined with 0.13 J/cm2 (70.82%) and 0.11 J/cm2 (52.09%). While Gram-positive bacteria by 0.13 J/cm2 with NIR-H (200.36 µW/cm2/nm), 1, 2, or 4 J/cm2 with flash pasteurization (FP) during 1.5 or 3 s, and 2 J/cm2 with FP for 0.75 s (58.89-67.77%). LAE (5%) + 0.5 J/cm2 was promising for maintaining color and texture. UV-C combined technologies seem to be a cost-effective alternative to ensure safety with little to no quality changes in fish and meat products.

Microencapsulated and Ready-to-Eat Beetroot Soup: A Stable and Attractive Formulation Enriched in Nitrate, Betalains and Minerals.

Beetroot is a tuber rich in antioxidant compounds, i.e., betanin and saponins, and is one of the main sources of dietary nitrate. The aim of the present study was to microencapsulate a ready-to-eat beetroot soup by lyophilization using different encapsulating agents, which supply the required amount of bioactive nutrients. Particle size distributions ranged from 7.94 ± 1.74 to 245.66 ± 2.31 µm for beetroot soup in starch and from 30.56 ± 1.66 to 636.34 ± 2.04 µm in maltodextrin. Microparticle yields of powdered beetroot soup in starch varied from 77.68% to 88.91%, and in maltodextrin from 75.01% to 80.25%. The NO3- and total betalain contents at a 1:2 ratio were 10.46 ± 0.22 mmol·100 g-1 fresh weight basis and 219.7 ± 4.92 mg·g-1 in starch powdered beetroot soup and 8.43 ± 0.09 mmol·100 g-1 fresh weight basis and 223.9 ± 4.21 mg·g-1 in maltodextrin powdered beetroot soup. Six distinct minerals were identified and quantified in beetroot soups, namely Na, K, Mg, Mn, Zn and P. Beetroot soup microencapsulated in starch or maltodextrin complied with microbiological quality guidelines for consumption, with good acceptance and purchase intention throughout 90 days of storage. Microencapsulated beetroot soup may, thus, comprise a novel attractive strategy to offer high contents of bioaccessible dietary nitrate and antioxidant compounds that may aid in the improvement of vascular-protective effects.

Sensory profile and acceptance of maize tortillas by rural and urban consumers in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: Maize tortillas are the staple food of Mexico and their consumption contributes to preserving the gastronomic patrimony and food security of the population. The aim of the present study was to generate a reference sensory profile for different types of tortillas and to evaluate the effect that these sensory characteristics have on consumer liking and how this influences their consumption preferences and purchase intent. Three types of maize tortillas were analyzed: traditional (T1), combined (T2) and industrialized (T3). The samples were characterized using the modified flash profile method. Sensory acceptability and preference tests were conducted on 240 urban and rural consumers. RESULTS: The judges characterized 19 attributes in the tortilla samples, eight of which were also identified by consumers. In the case of traditional tortillas, the matching attributes were maize flavor, color, thickness and moisture. Only rural consumers were able to perceive significant differences between the samples in terms of aroma and taste/flavor. The study has contributed to understanding the complex mechanisms of sensory acceptance through the use of tools that combine qualitative and quantitative data. CONCLUSION: Although 56% of rural and urban consumers prefer traditional tortillas for their sensory characteristics, purchase intent is also affected by socioeconomic, cultural and microbiological factors. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Productive characteristics of feedlot Santa Inês and Dorper lambs: intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, performance, carcass traits, and meat quality.

This study aimed to evaluate the intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of feedlot Santa Inês (locally adapted breed) and Dorper (transboundary breed) lambs. Twenty non-castrated lambs were used (10 from the Santa Inês genetic group and 10 Dorper), with approximately 3 months of age and an initial body weight of 22.95 ± 2.1 kg (mean ± standard deviation), distributed in a completely randomized design. Nutrient intake and digestibility, feeding behavior, and liver metabolism enzymes were similar (P > 0.05) between genetic groups. Dry matter (DM) feeding and ruminating efficiency were higher (P < 0.05) in the Santa Inês genetic group. There was also no difference (P > 0.05) in the subjective evaluation and morphometric measurements. Genetic groups showed differences and trend to differences (P < 0.05) in performance and commercial cuts. The physicochemical characteristics, centesimal composition, and sensory attributes of the Longissimus lumborum muscle did not differ between the genetic groups (P > 0.05). The Santa Inês genetic group showed higher feeding efficiency and productive parameters when compared to Dorper lambs. Therefore, Santa Inês lambs have greater potential for meat production than Dorper lambs, when kept in the same breeding system as the feedlot.

Challenges to reduce or replace NaCl by chloride salts in meat products made from whole pieces - a review.

NaCl is fundamental for the development of the physico-chemical, sensorial and microbiological stability in meat products made from whole pieces such as dry-cured lacón, loin, ham, bacon, jerked beef, and pastirma). The substitution of NaCl by other chloride salts (KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2), in order to minimize changes in the processing steps and insertion of new ingredients, is a major challenge for the elaboration of salted meat products in the context of increasing awareness among consumer about sodium consumption and health. This review aims to discuss the potential use of binary, ternary and quaternary salting mixtures in the processing of salted meat products and their effects on microbiological evolution and safety, sensory properties, oxidative reactions on proteins and lipid, and proteolysis and lipolysis reactions. More specifically, the substitution of NaCl by other chloride salts can influence the growth of microorganisms, the formation of toxic compounds, progression of enzymatic and oxidative reactions, and the sensory attributes. Scientific evidences from a food technological point of view, support the use of KCl to partially replace NaCl while major advances/more sophisticated strategies are still necessary to effectively introduce CaCl2 and MgCl2 as NaCl replacers. Moreover, further studies regarding the shelf-life and economic problems of the alternatively salted products are still necessary.

Chitosan-citric acid edible coating to control Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and maintain quality parameters of fresh-cut guava.

This study aimed to verify the action of edible chitosan-citric acid (CHI-CA) coating to control Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and maintain quality parameters of fresh-cut guava. Chitosan was obtained from Litopenaeus vannamei shells using high temperature and short exposure times. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of CHI-CA against C. gloeosporioides were determined by macrodilutions at 28 °C/120 h in the absence/presence of CHI-CA (0-10 mg/mL). Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate morphological changes in the fungus. Guava slices were coated with CHI-CA (MIC) or 5 mg/mL glycerol (control). Rot incidence and physicochemical, physical, and microbiological factors were determined at 0, 3, 7, and 14 days at 24 °C and 4 °C. Chitosan presented typical structural characterization, 64% deacetylation, and a molecular weight of 1.6 × 104 g/mol. CHI-CA exhibited MIC and MFC values of 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, respectively, and promoted changes in the morphology and cell surface of fungal spores. The fresh-cut guava coated with CHI-CA maintained quality parameters during storage and preserved their sensorial characteristics. Therefore, the use of CHI-CA as a coating is a promising strategy for improving postharvest quality of fresh-cut fruits.

Addition of Orange Peel in Orange Jam: Evaluation of Sensory, Physicochemical, and Nutritional Characteristics.

Orange is highly nutritious and a source of phytochemical compounds. However, its by-products are usually discarded. In this study, we evaluated the effect of orange peel (OP) addition in orange jam on sensory, physicochemical, and nutritional characteristics. Four jam formulations were elaborated with different OP levels: OP0 (standard), OP4, OP8, and OP12 (Orange Peel 0, 4, 8 and 12%, respectively). All samples were evaluated for sensory acceptability, and physicochemical and nutritional composition. The addition of 12% orange peel in jam reduced (p < 0.05) the acceptability for all evaluated attributes, as well as overall acceptance and purchase intention. However, OP utilization increased (p < 0.05) the levels of water activity, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and sugars. Soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio, luminosity (L*), and yellow content (b*) decreased in all added OP jams, while red content (a*) increased. No change in the pH and moisture values of the product were observed after OP addition. Ash, protein, lipid, dietary fiber, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity values increased after OP addition, while carbohydrate and energy content decreased. A texture test showed that adhesiveness decreased, while gumminess, chewiness, and elasticity increased after OP addition. We concluded that the addition of up to 8% orange peel in jam maintains sensory acceptability similar to that of the standard product. OP addition is a viable alternative to improve some of the product's physicochemical and nutritional characteristics.

Brazilian Coffee Blends: A Simple and Fast Method by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for the Determination of the Sensory Attributes Elicited in Professional Coffee Cupping.

The diversity of compounds and variations in the aroma and flavor of ground and roasted coffee make the sensory evaluation by the "cupping test" a complex task to be performed. A total of 217 commercial coffee samples classified as different beverage type and with different roast degrees were evaluated by official cuppers in the "cupping test" and the responses for sensory attributes were used to verify the correlation to the near-infrared (NIR) spectra. Chemometric models based on partial least squares (PLS) were built for the powder fragrance, drink aroma, acidity, bitterness, flavor, body, astringency, residual flavor, and overall quality. The parameters of merit such as accuracy, fit, linearity, residual prediction deviation, sensitivity, analytical sensitivity, limits of detection, and quantification were evaluated. All sensory attributes were predicted with adequate values according to the parameters of merit. The proposed method, when compared to the "cupping test," is an alternative to the determination of the coffee sensory attributes. The results demonstrated that the use of NIR associated with chemometrics is efficient and recommended for the prediction of sensorial attributes of coffee by means of the direct analysis of roasted and ground samples, and without any additional preparation, it is a promising tool for the coffee industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study has shown potential use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with a chemometric tool for the prediction of sensory attributes of commercial coffees. Prediction models for powder fragrance, drink aroma, acidity, bitterness, flavor, body, astringency, residual flavor, and overall quality were built and showed good predictive capacity. The use of NIR allows rapid analysis (1 min or less per sample), and it was possible to evaluate all sensory attributes directly in roasted and ground coffee, without beverage preparation.

Ultrasound as a potential process to tenderize beef: Sensory and technological parameters.

In this study, the effects of high intensity ultrasound (HIU), applied after storage, on the physical, microstructural, and sensory characteristics of beef were evaluated. Samples of four beef m. Longissimus dorsi muscle were stored in vacuum at 4 °C for 0, 7 or 14 days and then ultrasonicated (40 kHz, 11 W/cm2) for 60 min. Beef stored for 7 d prior to ultrasonication displayed increased pH and luminosity, reduced redness and saturation value, higher hue angle, and variable changes in water holding capacity. Shear force of sonicated meat was lower than that of control samples at all storage times. HIU also increased the tenderness and fragmentation of meat (P < 0.05) measured by texture profile analysis. The microstructure of sonicated meat showed a visible reduction in the size of fascicles, greater interfibrillary spaces, and thinner endomysium. These effects were enhanced with the storage of meat previous to HIU treatment. Meat stored for 14 d and then treated with ultrasound was perceived to have a more intense fresh meat smell and oily flavor (P < 0.05). However, it was also perceived to be a paler grayish brown color compared to control samples stored for the same duration. Ultrasonicated meat also presented a greater intensity of metallic taste (P < 0.05) and a more tender and moist texture (P < 0.05). Overall, application of HIU of meat after meat was stored affects textural and microstructural properties and accelerates aging without negative impacts on other technological and sensory attributes. Therefore, HIU application after storage has potential as a safe method for tenderizing bovine meat when handled under the conditions in this study.

Effect of Origanum syriacum L. Essential Oil on the Storage Stability of Cooked Chicken Meat

The effects of the addition of Origanum syriacum L. essential oil (OE) on the lipid and protein oxidation, and sensory attributes of cooked chicken meat were compared with those of synthetic commercial meat preservatives. Ground deboned and skinless chicken breast and thigh meat were distributed according to six treatments: (T1) control (no addition of meat preservative); or the addition of (T2) 100 ppm OE; (T3) 150 ppm OE; (T4) 300 ppm L-ascorbic acid (E-300); (T5) 5 and 14 ppm butylated hydroxyanisoleadded to breast and thigh meat, respectively, (BHA/E-320); and (T6) 150 ppm sodium nitrite (E-250). Meat samples were cooked and analyzed for lipid oxidation (TBARS levels) and protein oxidation (carbonyl levels) on days 0, 4, and 7 days of storage. In addition, cooked meat thigh patties were evaluated for cooking loss and sensory attributes. All additives were showed significant lipid and protein antioxidant effects (p 0.05) compared with the control treatment during storage, with the strongest effects obtained with OEat 150 ppm and E-250. Cooking loss was not influenced (p>0.05) by the treatments. The best sensory attribute scores were obtained with OEat 150 ppm and E-250 treatments. L-ascorbic acid and BHA also showed significant effect (p 0.05) on both lipid and protein oxidation values, and sensory attributes. Based on the results study, it concluded that OEat 150 ppm may be used in replacement of synthetic antioxidants to improve the storage stability of chicken meat.(AU)

Qualidade da carne de tambaqui abatido com diferentes classes de pesos / Meat quality of tambaqui slaughtered at different weights

A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da carne de tambaqui com diferentes pesos de abate. Foram utilizados vinte e quatro tambaquis, entre 1,0 e 3,5 kg. O peso ao abate não afetou o pH da carne (6,42), a cor para luminosidade (L*), intensidade de vermelho (a*) e amarelo (b*), respectivamente, com médias de 62,00; 2,86 e 15,57; e os atributos sensoriais aparência (7,41), sabor (7,25), textura (7,40) e aceitação global (7,24). A perda de peso por gotejamento e descongelamento e a capacidade de retenção de água da carne de tambaqui foram afetados (P<0,01) pelo peso ao abate. Embora o peso de abate do tambaqui entre 1,0 e 1,5 kg apresente maiores perdas de água, as demais características qualitativas da carne não foram comprometidas.(AU)

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the meat quality of tambaqui slaughtered at different weights. Twenty-four animals were slaughtered at body weights ranging from 1.0 to 3.5 kg. The slaughter weight did not affect meat pH (6.42), luminosity (L*), red color intensity (a*) or yellow color intensity (b*) (means of 62.0, 2.86 and 15.57, respectively), nor the sensory attributes appearance (7.41), flavor (7.25), texture (7.40), and overall acceptance (7.24). Weight loss by dripping and defrosting and the water holding capacity of tambaqui meat were affected (P<0.01) by slaughter weight. Although a slaughter weight of tambaqui between 1.0 and 1.5 kg was associated with further water loss, the other meat quality traits were not compromised.(AU)

Effect of Origanum syriacum L. Essential Oil on the Storage Stability of Cooked Chicken Meat

The effects of the addition of Origanum syriacum L. essential oil (OE) on the lipid and protein oxidation, and sensory attributes of cooked chicken meat were compared with those of synthetic commercial meat preservatives. Ground deboned and skinless chicken breast and thigh meat were distributed according to six treatments: (T1) control (no addition of meat preservative); or the addition of (T2) 100 ppm OE; (T3) 150 ppm OE; (T4) 300 ppm L-ascorbic acid (E-300); (T5) 5 and 14 ppm butylated hydroxyanisoleadded to breast and thigh meat, respectively, (BHA/E-320); and (T6) 150 ppm sodium nitrite (E-250). Meat samples were cooked and analyzed for lipid oxidation (TBARS levels) and protein oxidation (carbonyl levels) on days 0, 4, and 7 days of storage. In addition, cooked meat thigh patties were evaluated for cooking loss and sensory attributes. All additives were showed significant lipid and protein antioxidant effects (p 0.05) compared with the control treatment during storage, with the strongest effects obtained with OEat 150 ppm and E-250. Cooking loss was not influenced (p>0.05) by the treatments. The best sensory attribute scores were obtained with OEat 150 ppm and E-250 treatments. L-ascorbic acid and BHA also showed significant effect (p 0.05) on both lipid and protein oxidation values, and sensory attributes. Based on the results study, it concluded that OEat 150 ppm may be used in replacement of synthetic antioxidants to improve the storage stability of chicken meat.

Qualidade da carne de tambaqui abatido com diferentes classes de pesos / Meat quality of tambaqui slaughtered at different weights

A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da carne de tambaqui com diferentes pesos de abate. Foram utilizados vinte e quatro tambaquis, entre 1,0 e 3,5 kg. O peso ao abate não afetou o pH da carne (6,42), a cor para luminosidade (L*), intensidade de vermelho (a*) e amarelo (b*), respectivamente, com médias de 62,00; 2,86 e 15,57; e os atributos sensoriais aparência (7,41), sabor (7,25), textura (7,40) e aceitação global (7,24). A perda de peso por gotejamento e descongelamento e a capacidade de retenção de água da carne de tambaqui foram afetados (P<0,01) pelo peso ao abate. Embora o peso de abate do tambaqui entre 1,0 e 1,5 kg apresente maiores perdas de água, as demais características qualitativas da carne não foram comprometidas.

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the meat quality of tambaqui slaughtered at different weights. Twenty-four animals were slaughtered at body weights ranging from 1.0 to 3.5 kg. The slaughter weight did not affect meat pH (6.42), luminosity (L*), red color intensity (a*) or yellow color intensity (b*) (means of 62.0, 2.86 and 15.57, respectively), nor the sensory attributes appearance (7.41), flavor (7.25), texture (7.40), and overall acceptance (7.24). Weight loss by dripping and defrosting and the water holding capacity of tambaqui meat were affected (P<0.01) by slaughter weight. Although a slaughter weight of tambaqui between 1.0 and 1.5 kg was associated with further water loss, the other meat quality traits were not compromised.

The typicity of coffees from different terroirs determined by groups of physico-chemical and sensory variables and multiple factor analysis.

Coffee production is the result of the relationship between local environmental conditions and coffee cultivars that grow in this place. Coffee plants develop original physico-chemical and sensory characteristics that together with the agricultural techniques practiced by growers define the terroir. The objective of this study was to describe the typicity of coffee prepared by coffee growers from seven coffee terroirs in Paraná, Brazil. The terroir categorization was based on the local latitude, longitude, altitude and annual average temperature. Coffee samples were prepared by the coffee growers according to their agricultural techniques. A multiple factor analysis (MFA) was applied to the groups of variables of the green and roasted coffee bean physico-chemical and sensory attributes. The variability in environmental conditions was sufficient to modify the green and roasted coffee bean characteristics and sensory attributes. The terroir description obtained with MFA description compared to that obtained with individual groups of variables was different among terroirs. Roasted coffee variables and sensory attributes caused the greatest differences. The individual use of these groups of variables may result in non-representative descriptions of coffee from different terroirs. Mandaguari and Ivaiporã terroirs were associated with high nitrogenous compounds content, high expansion volume and low density of roasted coffees, and the beverages showed a high turbidity and intense body. Apucarana, São Jerônimo da Serra and Ribeirão do Pinhal terroirs were associated with low lipids content, high density and low volume expansion roasted coffee, and the beverage showed intense coffee and sweet aromas and a low turbidity and body texture. In coffee from the Londrina terroir, medium nitrogenous compounds content and high sucrose and lipids contents were found. Their beverage showed a high turbidity and intense body as well as a grassy green taste and astringency. Coffee from Ribeirão Claro terroir presented high lipids and sucrose contents and low caffeine and phenolic compounds contents, and the main sensory attributes were a coffee aroma and sweet and sour tastes. In conclusion, a terroir formed by environmental conditions and agricultural techniques can produce coffee with a set of physico-chemical and sensory characteristics that define its typicity.