RESUMO
Resumen El síndrome de ataxia cerebelosa, neuropatía y arre flexia vestibular (CANVAS) es un trastorno neurodege nerativo progresivo que se manifiesta en etapas tardías de la vida. Su base genética ha sido recientemente identificada en el gen que codifica la subunidad 1 del factor C de replicación (RFC1). Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 62 años con una historial de desequilibrio y deterioro de la marcha de presentación bifásica, con un inicio rápido de los sínto mas seguido de un deterioro neurológico lento y progre sivo. El proceso diagnóstico fue complejo y se realizaron numerosas pruebas para descartar causas adquiridas y genéticas de la ataxia, arribando al diagnóstico de ataxia cerebelosa de inicio tardío idiopática. Ulteriormente, las pruebas de función vestibular identificaron una grave vestibulopatía bilateral. Esto llevó a considerar el CANVAS entre los diagnósticos, que finalmente fue confirmado mediante pruebas genéticas (expansión bialélica del penta-nucleótido AAGGG en el gen RFC1). Este caso subraya la importancia de esta nueva enfer medad genética y su variante de presentación subaguda y enfatiza la relevancia de las pruebas objetivas de fun ción vestibular en las ataxias consideradas idiopáticas para lograr un diagnóstico adecuado y un eventual asesoramiento genético a la descendencia.
Abstract Cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) is a late onset neurodegenerative disorder. Its genetic basis has recently been identified in the gene encoding a subunit of the Replication Fac tor C (RFC1). We present the case of a 62-year-old woman who expe rienced a history of a biphasic presentation of imbalance and gait disorders, with rapid onset of symptoms followed by slow and progressive neurological deterioration. The diagnostic process was challenging, and numerous tests were conducted to rule out acquired and genetic causes of ataxia, leading to a diagnosis of late-onset idiopathic cer ebellar ataxia. Subsequently, vestibular function tests iden tified severe bilateral vestibulopathy. This led to consider ing CANVAS among the diagnoses, which was ultimately confirmed through genetic testing (biallelic expansion of the pentanucleotide AAGGG in the RFC1 gene). This case highlights the importance of this new de scribed genetic disease and its subacute presentation variant, emphasizing the relevance of objective vestibu lar function tests in idiopathic ataxias to achieve proper diagnosis and eventual genetic counseling for offspring.
RESUMO
Cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) is a late onset neurodegenerative disorder. Its genetic basis has recently been identified in the gene encoding a subunit of the Replication Factor C (RFC1). We present the case of a 62-year-old woman who experienced a history of a biphasic presentation of imbalance and gait disorders, with rapid onset of symptoms followed by slow and progressive neurological deterioration. The diagnostic process was challenging, and numerous tests were conducted to rule out acquired and genetic causes of ataxia, leading to a diagnosis of late-onset idiopathic cerebellar ataxia. Subsequently, vestibular function tests identified severe bilateral vestibulopathy. This led to considering CANVAS among the diagnoses, which was ultimately confirmed through genetic testing (biallelic expansion of the pentanucleotide AAGGG in the RFC1 gene). This case highlights the importance of this new described genetic disease and its subacute presentation variant, emphasizing the relevance of objective vestibular function tests in idiopathic ataxias to achieve proper diagnosis and eventual genetic counseling for offspring.
El síndrome de ataxia cerebelosa, neuropatía y arreflexia vestibular (CANVAS) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo progresivo que se manifiesta en etapas tardías de la vida. Su base genética ha sido recientemente identificada en el gen que codifica la subunidad 1 del factor C de replicación (RFC1). Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 62 años con una historial de desequilibrio y deterioro de la marcha de presentación bifásica, con un inicio rápido de los síntomas seguido de un deterioro neurológico lento y progresivo. El proceso diagnóstico fue complejo y se realizaron numerosas pruebas para descartar causas adquiridas y genéticas de la ataxia, arribando al diagnóstico de ataxia cerebelosa de inicio tardío idiopática. Ulteriormente, las pruebas de función vestibular identificaron una grave vestibulopatía bilateral. Esto llevó a considerar el CANVAS entre los diagnósticos, que finalmente fue confirmado mediante pruebas genéticas (expansión bialélica del penta-nucleótido AAGGG en el gen RFC1). Este caso subraya la importancia de esta nueva enfermedad genética y su variante de presentación subaguda y enfatiza la relevancia de las pruebas objetivas de función vestibular en las ataxias consideradas idiopáticas para lograr un diagnóstico adecuado y un eventual asesoramiento genético a la descendencia.
Assuntos
Ataxia Cerebelar , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ataxia Cerebelar/genética , Ataxia Cerebelar/diagnóstico , Vestibulopatia Bilateral/diagnóstico , Vestibulopatia Bilateral/genética , Vestibulopatia Bilateral/complicações , Síndrome , Proteína de Replicação C/genética , Testes de Função VestibularRESUMO
Resumen: Las ganglionopatías sensitivas son un grupo raro de neuropatías sensitivas que pueden estar asociadas a neoplasias como el cáncer broncopulmonar. Su presentación clínica y resultado de estudio eléctrico son característicos. El tratamiento depende de la causa subyacente, siendo fundamental su hallazgo oportuno, ya que el inicio precoz impacta en el pronóstico del paciente. Reportamos el caso de una paciente que se presentó con parestesias de distribución atípica, dolor neuropático y ataxia. El estudio eléctrico evidenció una ganglionopatía sensitiva, de cuyo estudio etiológico surge el diagnóstico de carcinoma broncopulmonar.
Abstract: Sensory ganglionopathies are a rare group of sensory neuropathies that can be associated with neoplasms such as bronchopulmonary cancer. Its clinical presentation and electrical study result are characteristic. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, its timely finding being essential, since early onset impacts the patient's prognosis. We report the case of a patient who presented with atypical distribution paresthesias, neuropathic pain, and ataxia. The electrical study revealed a sensitive ganglionopathy, from whose etiological study arises the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary carcinoma.
Resumo: As ganglionopatias sensoriais são um grupo raro de neuropatias sensoriais que podem estar associadas a neoplasias como o câncer broncopulmonar. A apresentação clínica e o resultado do estudo elétrico são característicos. O tratamento depende da causa subjacente e seu achado oportuno é essencial, uma vez que o início precoce impacta o prognóstico do paciente. Relatamos o caso de um paciente que apresentou parestesias de distribuição atípica, dor neuropática e ataxia. O estudo elétrico revelou uma ganglionopatia sensível, de cujo estudo etiológico surge o diagnóstico de carcinoma broncopulmonar.
RESUMO
Sensory neuronopathies or ganglionopathies, or dorsal root ganglion disorders, represent a subgroup of peripheral nervous system diseases, frequently associated with dysinmune or neoplastic disorders and with toxic agents. A degeneration of both central and peripheral sensory proyections is present. Patients typically show early ataxia, loss of deep tendon reflexes and positive sensory symptoms present both in proximal and distal sites of the body. We retrospectively studied 10 cases with a final diagnosis of sensory neuronopathy. Sensory neuropathy was the presenting symptom and the course was subacute in all cases. Paresthesias in upper limbs were a predominant manifestation (100%). Other manifestations included: hypoesthesia (10/10), gait ataxia (8/10), autonomic symptoms (3/10) and perioral paresthesias (3/10). Electrophysiology showed sensory axonal neuronal pattern, with normal motor responses. Final diagnosis was acquired sensory neuronopathy in all patients, associated with Sjögren's syndrome in 2, with lupus erythematosus in 1, with rheumatoid arthritis in 1, with a cancer in 2 (paraneoplastic) and idiopathic in 4. In paraneoplastic cases, the tumor was small cell lung cancer in 1 (with positive anti-Hu antibodies), and epidermoid lung cancer in the other. Eight patients were treated with immunotherapy, high dose intravenous methylprednisolone and/or intravenous immunoglobulin; with poor response in 4 cases, neurologic improvement in 5, and without any change in 1 patient. The present work shows the typical clinical and electrophysiological pattern of subacute sensory neuronopathy, and the relevance of early treatment.
Assuntos
Ataxia/diagnóstico , Ataxia/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/complicações , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicações , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/complicações , Tempo para o Tratamento , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Ataxia/complicações , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Marcha Atáxica/diagnóstico , Marcha Atáxica/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas Intravenosas/uso terapêutico , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Masculino , Metilprednisolona/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Parestesia/diagnóstico , Parestesia/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Síndrome de Sjogren/complicaçõesRESUMO
Las neuronopatías o ganglionopatías sensitivas, o enfermedades del ganglio dorsal, representan un subgrupo de enfermedades del sistema nervioso periférico, frecuentemente asociadas a trastornos disinmunes o paraneoplásicos, y a agentes tóxicos. Los pacientes típicamente presentan ataxia temprana, pérdida de los reflejos osteotendinosos y síntomas sensitivos positivos, presentes tanto en partes proximales como distales del cuerpo. Estudiamos retrospectivamente 10 casos con un diagnóstico final de neuronopatía sensitiva. El síntoma de presentación fue el de una neuropatía sensitiva de curso subagudo en todos los casos, con parestesias en el 100% de los casos. Otras manifestaciones fueron: hipoestesia (10/10), ataxia de la marcha (8/10), síntomas autonómicos (3/10) y parestesias periorales (3/10). La electrofisiología mostró un patrón de compromiso sensitivo axonal, con respuestas motoras normales. El diagnóstico final fue neuronopatía sensitiva adquirida en todos, asociada a síndrome de Sjögren en dos, a lupus eritematoso en uno, a artritis reumatoidea en uno, a cáncer en dos (paraneoplásica) e idiopática en cuatro. En los casos paraneoplásicos, los tumores fueron un carcinoma de pulmón de células pequeñas (con anticuerpos anti-Hu positivos) y un carcinoma epidermoide de pulmón. Ocho pacientes fueron tratados con inmunoterapia, con altas dosis de metilprednisolona endovenosa y/o con inmunoglobulina endovenosa; con pobre respuesta en cuatro casos, mejoría neurológica en cinco, y sin cambios en uno. El presente trabajo muestra el patrón clinico y electrofisiológico de las neuronopatías sensitivas subagudas, y la relevancia de un tratamiento temprano.
Sensory neuronopathies or ganglionopathies, or dorsal root ganglion disorders, represent a subgroup of peripheral nervous system diseases, frequently associated with dysinmune or neoplastic disorders and with toxic agents. A degeneration of both central and peripheral sensory proyections is present. Patients typically show early ataxia, loss of deep tendon reflexes and positive sensory symptoms present both in proximal and distal sites of the body. We retrospectively studied 10 cases with a final diagnosis of sensory neuronopathy. Sensory neuropathy was the presenting symptom and the course was subacute in all cases. Paresthesias in upper limbs were a predominant manifestation (100%). Other manifestations included: hypoesthesia (10/10), gait ataxia (8/10), autonomic symptoms (3/10) and perioral paresthesias (3/10). Electrophysiology showed sensory axonal neuronal pattern, with normal motor responses. Final diagnosis was acquired sensory neuronopathy in all patients, associated with Sjögren’s syndrome in 2, with lupus erythematosus in 1, with rheumatoid arthritis in 1, with a cancer in 2 (paraneoplastic) and idiopathic in 4. In paraneoplastic cases, the tumor was small cell lung cancer in 1 (with positive anti-Hu antibodies), and epidermoid lung cancer in the other. Eight patients were treated with immunotherapy, high dose intravenous methylprednisolone and/or intravenous immunoglobulin; with poor response in 4 cases, neurologic improvement in 5, and without any change in 1 patient. The present work shows the typical clinical and electrophysiological pattern of subacute sensory neuronopathy, and the relevance of early treatment.