Sexual lives of reproductive-aged people with disabilities in Central Sidama National Regional State, Ethiopia: a mixed-methods study.

BACKGROUND: Sexuality is an important part of human life; people with disabilities have the same sexual desires as people without disabilities. However, the status of the sexual lives of reproductive-aged people with disabilities is unfolded in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess sexual lives and its associated factors among reproductive-aged people with disabilities in central Sidama National Regional State, Ethiopia. METHODS: A mixed-methods study was conducted among randomly selected 685 reproductive-age people with disabilities and fifteen (15) in-depth interviews among individuals who have sexual practice experience from June 20 to July 15, 2022. The quantitative data were collected through face-to-face interviewing techniques using a structured and semi-structured questionnaire. A multilevel logistic regression analysis model was employed to analyze the data. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to report the measures of associations. The qualitative data were managed and analyzed using the phenomenological research analysis approach. RESULTS: In this study, 59.9% (95% CI: 56.1, 63.5) of the people with disabilities have practiced sexual intercourse. Of these, 30.8% (95% CI: 27.4, 34.4) were males and 29.1% (95% CI: 25.7, 32.6) were females with disabilities. Being female (AOR = 2.81; 95% CI: 1.70, 4.62), having an occupation (AOR = 7.55; 95% CI: 4.03, 14.1), having a disability and being in a wheelchair (AOR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.82), having a good self-perception (AOR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.77), and having a rich economic status (AOR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.08, 3.89) were factors associated with the sexual practice. The qualitative findings revealed that having sexuality information (training) is the facilitator, and community discrimination and low economic income are the barriers to sexual practice. CONCLUSION: Sexual practice among people with disabilities is low in the Dale and Wonsho districts and Yirgalem city administration. Socio-demographic and economic factors and sexuality training are the associated factors. Therefore, creating job opportunities and economic empowerment, providing sexuality training, and creating community awareness are crucial to improving the sexual practice of reproductive-age people with disabilities.

Risky sexual practice and associated factors among street children of Wonago town, Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia.

Introduction: A "risky sexual practice" is any sexual act that might put an individual's social, physical, and psychological health at risk and increase the likelihood of adverse sexual and reproductive health consequences. Street children have risky sexual practices, which place them at all kinds of health risks. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess risky sexual practices and associated factors among street children in Wonago Town, southern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed. About 214 street children, aged 10-18, residing in Wonago Town from September 1-30, 2021, participated in the study. Data was gathered from all of the street children in Wonago town. A pre-tested and structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Epi data software was used to enter the collected data, which was then exported to SPSS for analysis. A logistic regression model was applied to identify the associated factors. A p value <0.05 was used to declare the significant variables. Results: A total of 214 street children were involved in the study. Overall, the magnitude of risky sexual practices was 43.46 percent (95% CI: 38.3-48.62). About 52.7% of participants had ever had sexual intercourse in the last year, and of them, around 43.5% had more than one sexual partner. Among sexually active street children, 40.9% never used a condom during sexual intercourse. Age (Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR): 1.42, 95%CI: 1.03-2.37), educational status (AOR: 5.73, 95%CI: 1.49-10.51), substance use (AOR: 1.24, 95%CI: 1.03-2.07), duration on the street (AOR: 2.14, 95%CI: 1.03-4.12), and daily income (AOR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.32-0.98) were found to be significantly associated with risky sexual practices. Conclusion: Risky sexual practices among street children were more prevalent in Wonago Town, Southern Ethiopia. Children's age, educational status, daily income, duration on the street, and status of substance use were the factors that contributed to risky sexual practices. As a result, conducting information and education campaigns, developing income-generating activities for children, increasing children's school enrollment and attendance, improving access to sexual and reproductive health services, and providing capacity-building training for health care providers may all help to reduce risky sexual practices.

Risky sexual behavior among people living with HIV/AIDS in Andabet district, Ethiopia: Using a model of unsafe sexual behavior.

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to be a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Previous studies have described risky sexual behavior and associated factors among HIV-positive people. These studies, however, did not use a model of unsafe sexual behavior that could address both subjective and objective factors of sexual activity, and there is no study that examines the distal aspects of risky sexual behavior among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the risky sexual behavior among people living with HIV/AIDS using a model of unsafe sexual behavior. Methods: An institutional-based study was conducted from March to April 2022. The sample size was determined by using Sloven's formula. In this study, both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed. Study participants were selected using systematic sampling method. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics and correlation tests were computed to analyze the data. The qualitative data was analyzed thematically. Results: This study included a total of 181 PLWHA clients. The average score for participants' perception regarding the facts of HIV/AIDS was 48.7% (95% CI: 38.9, 58.4). Three months prior to the study, 46.3% of study participants had engaged in at least one risky sexual activity (95% CI: 33.8, 65.4). The correlation model revealed a positive correlation between living in a rural area and risky sexual behavior (p-value = 0.001). Furthermore, a poor perception of HIV risks was associated with risky sexual behavior (p-value = 0.003). Economic issues, stigma and discrimination, and usage of substances were also identified as contributing factors to unsafe sexual activity in the qualitative data. Conclusions: A high proportion of PLWHA clients had engaged in at least one risky sexual activity in the 3 months prior to the study. It is not enough to be on ART; additional educational interventions that shape the sexual behavior of PLWHA clients must be considered.

Sexual attitude and behavior among medical students: A single institution survey.

Background: Human behavior including sexual activity is mostly culturally bound; particularly individuals at a younger age do build their sexual knowledge through various sources like by forming intimacy with similar age group individuals and use of media or literature available for the information. Values and beliefs about sexuality are manifested in a person's individual sexual behaviors based on family, religion and socio-cultural influence on knowledge about sexuality and sexual experiences. However, modernization may have inadvertently changed people's attitudes and permissiveness among sexually active youths in our society. Methodology: This study adapted a cross-sectional descriptive-cum-exploratory research design conducted in an in-group of a single educational institute. A structured, pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the relevant information from the subjects. This study aims to receive information about the knowledge, practices and attitudes regarding sexual behavior among 340 undergraduate medical students in a medical college at Patna, Bihar. Results: This study showed significant findings regarding changing attitudes of the new generation toward sex and sexual practices as 78.5% of respondents were found between the age group of 20-25 years among which 58.5% were males and 41.5% were females. The average age of sexual debut was found to be 21 years among which 97.3% of the participants were heterosexual. Gender and religion were significantly associated with few components of sexual attitudes. Conclusion: Sex is one of the most sensitive aspects of a human life which is not usually talked about in open space and requires a lot of privacy in thoughts and practices. There is a strong need to introduce age-appropriate sexual knowledge at school and college level to establish healthy sexual attitudes among the young generation. As medical health practitioners, it is necessary to disseminate appropriate guidance and non-biased services to the welfare of the beneficiaries shaping their sexual attitudes for responsible and safe sexual practices.

Risky Sexual Practice and Associated Factors Among Youth Preparatory Students in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia.

Background: Risky sexual practices can negatively affect the health of youths by predisposing them to a variety of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS and unwanted pregnancy, which, in turn, would lead to serious lifelong deleterious health, social, and economic consequences. While youths tend to be less well-informed and require more information, little has been known in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of risky sexual practices and associated factors among youth students in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 414 regularly attending youth students in Gondar city from April to May 2019. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected by using a pre-tested, structured, and self-administered questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed, and a multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to identify the effect of independent variables on the outcome variable at p < 0.05 with its 95%CI. Result: The prevalence of risky sexual practices was 49.3%. Peer pressure (AOR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.21, 3.26), drinking alcohol (AOR = 4.88 95%CI: 3.06, 7.79), and watching pornography (AOR = 2.82, 95%CI: 1.74, 4.56) were positively associated with the risky sexual practice of youths. Whereas, age, gender, and pocket money did not have any association with risky sexual practice in this study. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of risky sexual practices was found to be high. Thus, multisector collaboration efforts are needed from parents, schools, health facilities, and the government to tackle the exposure of in-school youth toward peer pressure, drinking alcohol, and watching pornographic films, which in turn helps to bring about healthy sexual practices among them.

Sexual Activities and Changes in Condom Use in Group Sex Events Among Female Sex Workers in Melbourne, Australia.

Background: There are few studies investigating group sex among female sex workers (FSWs). This study aimed to examine the typical number of group sex participants, sexual activities and condom use in group sex among FSWs attending a sexual health clinic in Melbourne, Australia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey between May 1, 2019 and March 13, 2020 among FSWs in Melbourne. Participants were asked whether they had participated in group sex (sex involving more than two participants) within the past 3 months, the size of the most recent group sex event, sexual activities they engaged in and condom use. It is unknown whether this was a paid or unpaid event in our study. Results: Of the 247 FSWs surveyed, the mean age was 28.9 years and 51.8% were born in Australia. More than a quarter (27.5%, n = 68) had had group sex in the past 3 months with the number of events ranging from 1 to 10 times. The median size of the group was 3 participants with one man and two women (including the FSW) being the most common combination. Kissing was the most common activity in group sex. Of 58 FSWs who had vaginal sex during group sex, 77.3% (51/58) reported their male partners always used condoms but 13.7% (7/51) of these did not change condoms between women. Conclusion: This study finds that group sex is common among FSWs. Although condoms are always used during group sex, one in six men did not change their condoms between partners, which may increase STI transmission between partners.

Sexual Difficulties, Problems, and Help-Seeking in a National Representative Sample: The Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships.

The Australian Study of Health and Relationships is a large national population-representative survey of sexual behavior and attitudes conducted every decade. We describe experiences of sexual difficulties lasting at least a month among Australians surveyed in 2012-2013 and identify changes since the previous survey in 2001-2002. Computer-assisted telephone interviews were completed by 20,091 people aged 16-69 years (participation rate 66%) of whom 16,897 people had had sex with a partner in the previous year. We asked how long each difficulty lasted, whether it was a problem, and whether they sought treatment. Half (48%) the men and 68% of women reported at least one difficulty. Lack of interest in having sex was common (28% men, 52% women); 21% of men reported coming to orgasm "too quickly" and women reported inability to reach orgasm (25%) and trouble with vaginal dryness (22%). Women were more likely than men not to find sex pleasurable and to have physical pain during intercourse. Some differences by age group were also apparent. Many difficulties were not seen as problems, especially lacking interest and reaching orgasm too quickly. People with erection/dryness problems, or with pain in intercourse, were more likely to seek treatment, as were people with multiple difficulties. Between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013, there was little change for men, but among women rates of all sexual difficulties fell by 4-10 percentage points. This change accompanied a drop in frequency of sex among people in ongoing relationships and an increase in masturbation and use of pornography. One explanation might be that, over time, fewer women were agreeing to "service sex" when they were not in the mood. Overall, the drop in prevalence of women's sexual difficulties since a decade earlier suggests a change towards more egalitarian sexual relations.

Pre marriage sexual practices and associated factors among students at Woldia University, north eastern Ethiopia.

Students are vulnerable to various cultural, social, economic and peer burdens that pushes them into pre marriage sexual practices. Thus, the present study aimed to assess pre marriage sexual practices and associated factors among students at Woldia University, North East Ethiopia. Institutional based cross-sectional survey was conducted from March 2021 to May 2021. The samples of 324 students was included in the study and selected through multistage sampling technique. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to check the relationship among the dependent and independent variables. Several factors such as being male [(AOR=2.593, 95%CI = (1.262-5.328)], not attending religious education [(AOR = 1.229, 95%CI = (3.581 - 9.528)], living together with parents [(AOR= 0.010, 95%CI = (0.003 - 0.040)] and friends or relatives [(AOR= 0.024, 95%CI = (0.006-0.094)] and inadequate pocket money [AOR = 11.321, 95%CI = (3.672-21.340)], low academic performance [AOR = 5.112, 95%CI = (10.130-24.469)], and no discussion about sex related issues with parents [AOR = 1.310,95%CI = (1.980-14.629)] showed significant associations with pre marriage sexual practices. Pre marriage sexual practice among students' was higher. Therefore, efforts have to be made on the family and students' behavioral change; Sex education sessions towards risky sexual behavior and reproductive health matters are imperative to students and the community at large. Further study should also be done to identify the prevalence and risk of pre marriage sexual intercourse among adolescents out of the school or in a larger community.

Risky Sexual Practice among Street Dwelling People in Southern Ethiopia: A mixed-Method Study.

BACKGROUND: The number of street dwellers in major cities in Ethiopia is rapidly increasing. However, their sexual health needs are not that much studied. Hence, this study assessed risky sexual practice and associated factors among street dwelling people in southern Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study employing a mixed method was conducted. For the quantitative part, a snowball sampling technique was made to conduct face-to-face interviews among 842 respondents. In-depth interviews among street dwellers and key informant interviews among stakeholders were conducted to collect qualitative data.A pre-tested and structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The collected data were entered using Epidata and exported to SPSS for analysis, and qualitative data analyzed by thematic analysis approach. RESULTS: About one third, 266(31.6%), of the participants had risky sexual practices within the last year of the study period. Sexual violence such as gang rape and same-sex practice were reported qualitatively. Male respondents (AOR: 3.24, 95%CI: 2.09-5.02) had a more likelihood of risky sexual practice than females. Living in Dilla (AOR: 9.62, 95%CI: 4.49-20.58) and Wolaita Soddo towns (AOR: 14.35, 95%CI: 6.29-32.69) had also a more likelihood of risky sexual practice than living in Hawassa. Moreover, the daily average income of 21-50 Birr (AOR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.29-0.92) had a less likelihood of risky sexual practice compared to those with a daily average income of 5-20 Birr. CONCLUSION: Risky sexual practice among street dwelling people is found high. The Federal Ministry of Health and other stakeholders should work to cut risky sexual practices among street dwelling people.

Changes in Sexual Fantasy and Solitary Sexual Practice During Social Lockdown Among Young Adults in the UK.

INTRODUCTION: Pandemic-related social lockdown limited many sexual behaviors, but to date, no study has examined the perceived impact of social lockdown due to COVID-19 on sexual fantasy and solitary sexual behavior. AIMS: The present study sought to examine the perceived impact of social lockdown on sexual fantasy and solitary sexual behavior among UK young adults in various living situations. METHODS: A convenience sample of 565 adults aged 18-32 and living in the UK completed anonymous, web-based, study-specific questionnaires between May 14 and 18, 2020, 7 weeks after social lockdown was initiated. Mixed-method analyses were conducted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The study presents qualitative and quantitative data. Criterion variables were measured dichotomously as increases (vs no change) in sexual fantasy and increases (vs no change) in pornography consumption. Predictor variables were living arrangement, relationship status, and postlockdown changes in masturbation and pornography consumption. RESULTS: Of all, 34.3% engaged in more sexual fantasizing during lockdown; women were more likely than men to report this increase. Living context and relationship status were predictors of increased fantasizing. Of all, 30.44% reported an increase in at least one solitary sexual practice. This increase was associated with an increase in sexual fantasizing and also with increased pornography consumption. Nineteen percent of participants reported an increase in pornography use, with men being more likely than women to report this increase. Participants mostly attributed their increases to boredom, increased free time, and replacing partnered sex. CONCLUSION: Shifts in sexual fantasizing and solitary sexual practices were predicted by living arrangements, relationship status, and gender. The present findings suggest that the assessment of sexual fantasy and solitary sexual activities may benefit patients presenting with pandemic-related stress. Although mostly exploratory, significant changes in sexual fantasy and solitary sexual practices were observed. A cross-sectional design, convenience sampling, and study-specific measures are limitations. Cascalheira CJ, McCormack M, Portch E, et al. Changes in Sexual Fantasy and Solitary Sexual Practice During Social Lockdown Among Young Adults in the UK. J Sex Med 2021;9:100342.

Oropharyngeal gonorrhoea infections among heterosexual women and heterosexual men with urogenital gonorrhoea attending a sexual health clinic in Melbourne, Australia.

OBJECTIVES: There is limited evidence about the transmission and prevalence of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea in heterosexuals. From August 2017, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC) began testing for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea among heterosexuals with untreated urogenital gonorrhoea. This study aims to determine the positivity of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea among heterosexuals diagnosed with urogenital gonorrhoea at MSHC between August 2017 and May 2020. METHODS: We included individuals who had oropharyngeal gonorrhoea testing within 30 days of initial testing. We reported the number and proportion of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea positivity, stratified by gender and contact of gonorrhoea. The χ2 test was performed to compare the oropharyngeal gonorrhoea positivity between groups. RESULTS: Of 617 individuals with untreated urogenital gonorrhoea, 424 (68.7%) were tested for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea. Oropharyngeal gonorrhoea positivity was 38.9% (95%CI 34.2-43.7%, 165/424), and was higher in women than in men (115/252, 45.6% versus 50/172, 29.1%, p = 0.001). Furthermore, oropharyngeal gonorrhoea positivity was higher among individuals who were contacts of gonorrhoea cases compared to those who were not (29/44, 65.9% versus 136/380, 35.8%, p < 0.001). There was also no significant difference between women who were sex workers and those who were not (30/78, 38.5% versus 85/174, 48.9%, p = 0.126). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that oropharyngeal gonorrhoea infection is common among heterosexual women and heterosexual men with untreated urogenital gonorrhoea. Testing heterosexual women and heterosexual men for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea will identify a significant proportion with unrecognized oropharyngeal infections whose recommended treatment is different in some countries.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Jimma Teacher Training College Students Toward Risky Sexual Behaviors, Jimma, Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: College students represent the huge section of teenagers in Ethiopia, and a growing number of them practice unsafe sex and hence face unwanted sexual health outcomes. Despite this, little has been explored about the college students' knowledge, attitude, and practice toward risky sexual behaviors (RSBs) in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and the practice of Jimma teacher training college students toward RSBs, Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia, in 2018. METHODS: An institution-based quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected through a pretested, structured, and self-administered questionnaire. A total of 395 respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The collected data were checked manually for completeness and consistency, entered into Epi-data, version 3.1, data entry software, and exported to SPSS, version 20, statistical software for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the outcome and explanatory variables. RESULTS: Among the total 360 respondents, 140 (38.9%) had poor knowledge of RSBs. The majority 78 (36.6%) of the respondents described radio as their main source of information about RSBs. More than three-quarters, 163 (76.6%) respondents define practicing oral and/or anal sex as RSBs and 194 (91%) reported sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS as the main consequence of RSBs. This study also revealed 156 (43.4%) participants had an unfavorable attitude toward RSBs. 60 (16.7%) participants disagree with the idea that condoms prevent HIV/AIDS and nearly all respondents (340 [94.5%]) agreed homosexuality brings sexual risks. Among those who had sexual experience, 83 (32.4%) had 2 or more sexual partners, more than two-third (176 [68.8%]) had sexual practice after drinking alcohol, and 90 (35.1%) participants reported they did not use a condom when they had sex. CONCLUSION: A significant percentage of the students have poor knowledge, attitude, and practice toward RSBs. Tesfaye Y, Agenagnew L. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Jimma Teacher Training College Students Toward Risky Sexual Behaviors, Jimma, Ethiopia. Sex Med 2020;8:554-564.

Social Support in Patients With Sexual Dysfunction After Non-Nerve-Sparing Radical Prostatectomy: A Qualitative Study.

This study aimed to explore men's experiences of social support after non-nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. A qualitative study based on Gadamer's hermeneutic phenomenology was designed. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 men who had undergone a non-nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. Data analysis was performed using ATLAS.ti software. From this analysis, two main themes emerged: "The partner as a source of support and conflict after a prostatectomy," which includes empathetic reconnection with the partner and changes in sexual and cohabitation patterns and "The importance of social and professional circles," which addresses the shortcomings of the healthcare system in terms of sexual information and counseling as well as the role of friends within social support. The study suggests the need to establish interventions that address interpersonal communication and attention to social and informational support and include both the patient and those closest to them.

Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Risk and Preventive Behaviors toward Premarital Sexual Practice among In-School Adolescents.

Premarital Sexual Practice (PSP) among adolescents usually involves sexually risky behaviors, such as multiple sexual partners and inconsistent or non-condom use. These behaviors, in combination with other underlining factors, undermine the overall outcomes of Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (ASRH). To assess the adolescents' knowledge, attitudes and perception of risk and preventive behaviors towards PSP, a school-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 423 students aged 15 through 19 years. A well-validated anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used for collecting the data, which were analyzed using mean (SD), frequency (%), t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression methods. Participants' knowledge of risk and preventive behaviors was average, as only 53% of knowledge items were correctly answered. Being a female, of high-income status, in the second study year, perceived susceptibility and perceived severity were significant determinants of knowledge. All measures of perception except perceived self-efficacy were positive determinants of attitude. Being female, in the third study year and of high-income status were determinants of perception as measured by perceived self-efficacy. Therefore, our results suggest that tailored educational programs, with special emphasis on financially disadvantaged male adolescents, are needed to effectively increase adolescents' knowledge, attitude and perception of risk and protective behaviors towards PSP.

Premarital sexual practice and associated factors among adolescents in the refugee camps in Tigray, northern Ethiopia.

OBJECTIVE: Premarital sexual practice during adolescence time may lead to different sexual and reproductive health problems including HIV/AIDS. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of premarital sexual practice and associated factors among adolescents living in the refugee camps in Tigray, northern Ethiopia. RESULT: The prevalence of premarital sexual practice was 47.6% [95% CI (43.3%, 51.9%)]. The age (mean ± SD) of the study participants was 17.4 ± 2.71 (15-24 years) and 68.8% of them were males. Being in the age group 14-19 years [AOR = 4.50, 95% CI (2.29-8.84)] or 20-24 years [AOR = 9.76, CI (4.58-20.82)], living with friends [AOR = 5.24, 95% CI (2.28-12.05)] or alone [AOR = 5.72, 95% CI (2.69-12.19)], being in primary school [AOR = 6.93, 95% CI (3.08-15.57)] or college [AOR = 4.33, CI (1.44-13.02)], getting pocket money [AOR = 4.14, 95% CI (2.31-7.41)], parents being either divorced [AOR = 5.11, 95% CI (2.42-10.80)] or widowed [AOR = 3.52, 95% CI (1.69-7.33)], alcohol consumption [AOR = 1.99, 95% CI (1.20-3.38)] were independent predictors of premarital sexual practice among the adolescents.

Premarital sexual intercourse and associated factors among adolescent students in Debre-Markos town secondary and preparatory schools, north west Ethiopia, 2017.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the magnitude and factors associated with premarital sexual intercourse among adolescent students of the secondary and preparatory school in Debre-Markos town, northwest Ethiopia, 2017. RESULTS: Among secondary and preparatory school adolescent students, 31.3% reported pre-marital sexual intercourse. This shows that premarital sexual intercourse among secondary and preparatory school adolescents is high. Significantly associated factors were: being male (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.21, 2.93), having pocket money (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI 2, 4.81), adolescents who did not discuss sexual issue with close friends (AOR = 8.6, 95% CI 5.27, 13.91) and peer pressure (AOR = 7.7, 95% CI 3.73, 15.69).

Risky sexual practice and associated factors among HIV positive adults visiting ART clinics in public hospitals in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Sexual behavior of HIV positive individuals visiting anti- retroviral clinics is a neglected issue. With access to anti-retroviral treatment, HIV positive individuals experience improved health and are able to reintegrate into their social life and many of them engage in sexual activities. In the context of Ethiopia, safer sex practices among people living with HIV is critical in terms of preventing the acquisition of another strain of HIV and helping address the epidemic. METHOD: An institution-based cross sectional study was conducted at Addis Ababa public hospitals from January to February 2017. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Using the systematic random sampling technique, a total of 562 respondents participated in the study. The data were entered into EPI info version 3.5.3 and transferred to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics, bi-variate, and multi variable analyses were done. A p-value < 0.05 was considered to determine the statistical significance of the association between factors (independent variables) and risky sexual practice. The Odds ratio was also used to determine the presence and the degree of association between dependent and independent variables. RESULTS: A total of 562 respondents participated in the study which revealed that the prevalence of risky sexual practice was 39.1% (95% CI: 35.2, 43.8) three months prior to the data collection. Educational status of participants who were below grade eight (AOR = 2.27, 95% CI:1.01,5.10) and went to grades eight to twelve (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI:1.02,4.41), were married (AOR = 2.07, 95% CI:1.06,4.02), had no concern for safer sexual practice (AOR = 3.74, 95% CI:2.28, 6.13), had CD4 count of ≥500cells/mm3(AOR = 1.66, 95% CI:1.04, 2.64), and used substance (AOR = 3.41, 95% CI:1.83, 6.35) were significantly associated with risky sexual practice. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of risky sexual practice was markedly high in this study due to such contributory factors as low educational status, marriage, lack of concern for safer sexual practices, and substance use.

Discomfort discussing HIV/AIDS and lack of awareness are barriers to partner-to-partner pre-exposure prophylaxis education.

We suggest that people living with HIV (PLWH) may serve as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) educators for partners when informed about PrEP. Participants in this study were a convenience sample of PLWH at a public hospital in Miami. A cross-sectional survey assessed the frequency of serostatus disclosure, PrEP awareness, and willingness to recommend PrEP to intimate partners. To evaluate stigma surrounding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), comfort discussing HIV with family, friends and intimate partners was interrogated. Surveys were completed by 137 participants; 39.5% had potentially sero-discordant sexual partners. Among respondents, 29.2% reported that they 'occasionally' or 'never' disclose HIV status to sexual partners. In all, 66.4% of patients reported that they had never heard of PrEP. After being educated about PrEP, 86.0% of respondents reported that they would encourage partners to use it. Participants were asked how often the subject of HIV comes up in conversations. Most indicated that 'rarely' or 'never' does it come up with friends and family; 46.1% indicated that 'never' or 'rarely' does it come up with partners. In bivariate analyses, participants with prior awareness of PrEP were more likely to indicate higher frequency of conversations regarding HIV with intimate partners. It is concluded that interventions which utilize partner education to increase PrEP uptake should address stigma and knowledge among other barriers.

Percepción de autoeficacia vs. rechazo del uso del condón en las prácticas sexuales de mujeres y hombres jóvenes / Self-efficacy perception vs. rejection of condom use in the sexual practices of young women and men

Resumen En las relaciones sexuales de jóvenes, las variables asociadas al uso del condón son diversas y comúnmente se presentan con otras variables que, a su vez, se asocian con la práctica sexual desprotegida. Los objetivos de este estudio consistieron en determinar en qué medida la percepción de autoeficacia, la baja percepción de riesgo y el rechazo del uso del condón se relacionan con el uso del condón en las relaciones sexuales de jóvenes colombianos. Participaron en él 308 estu diantes universitarios de la ciudad de Cúcuta, Colombia. Los resultados indican correlaciones significativas en hombres entre el uso del condón y la percepción de autoeficacia, y correlaciones negativas en mujeres entre el uso del condón, la baja percepción de riesgo y el rechazo del uso del condón. Solo en el grupo de hombres, la percepción de autoeficacia predice el uso del condón.

Abstract In the sexual relations of the youth, the variables associated with condom use are diverse and are often presented with other variables, that are also associated with unprotected sexual practice. This study aimed to determine to what extent the perception of self-efficacy, low risk perception and condom use shunning are associated with condom use in sexual relations of young Colom bians. 308 university students in the city of Cúcuta, Colombia, participated in the study. The results indicate significant correlations in men between condom use and self-efficacy perception and negative correlations in women between condom use, low risk perception and condom use shunning. Only in the male groups, the perception of self-efficacy predicts condom use.

Premarital sexual practice and its predictors among university students: institution based cross sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Adolescents are susceptible to different social, peer and cultural pressures that Drives them into earlier sexual experimentation. Despite the fact that delaying sexual activity until marriage reduces the spread of HIV/AIDS and various sexually transmitted infections (STI), sexual activities among youths have been reported to be increasing worldwide. METHODS: Institution Based cross-sectional survey was conducted between January 2016 to March 2016. A total of 604 students were included in the study using multi-stage sampling technique. Mixed Quantitative and Qualitative approach was applied. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with premarital sexual practice. RESULTS: The proportion of premarital sexual practice in the study area was found to be 54.3%. The mean age of first sexual debut was 18.7±1.96. Half (50.6%) of these sexual activities were performed because of student's interest to meet their sexual desire. Being Male, watching pornography and High academic performance were the factors significantly associated with premarital sexual practice. CONCLUSION: The study had revealed that more than half of the participants were sexually active. Being male, watching pornography and high academic performance were predictors of premarital sexual practice. Therefore, Institute of Medicine and health science, gender office and HIV resource center have to organize different programs targeting at bringing behavioral change to minimize the prevailing prevalence of premarital sexual practice as well as its common consequences.