Surgeon Factors and Trends Associated With the Use of Subacromial Decompression at the Time of Rotator Cuff Repair.

PURPOSE: Subacromial decompression (SAD) has historically been described as an essential part of the surgical treatment of rotator cuff disorders. However, investigations throughout the 21st century have increasingly questioned the need for routine SAD during rotator cuff repair (RCR). Our purpose was to assess for changes in the incidence of SAD performed during RCR over a 12-year period. In addition, we aimed to characterize surgeon and practice factors associated with SAD use. METHODS: Records from two large tertiary referral systems in the United States from 2010 to 2021 were reviewed. All cases of RCR with and without SAD were identified. The outcome of interest was the proportion of SAD performed during RCR across years and by surgeon. Surgeon-specific characteristics included institution, fellowship training, surgical volume, academic practice, and years in practice. Yearly trends were assessed using binomial logistic regression modeling, with a random effect accounting for surgeon-specific variability. RESULTS: During the study period, 37,165 RCR surgeries were performed by 104 surgeons. Of these cases, 71% underwent SAD during RCR. SAD use decreased by 11%. The multivariable model found that surgeons in academic practice, those with lower surgical volume, and those with increasing years in practice were significantly associated with increased odds of performing SAD. Surgeons with fellowship training were significantly more likely to use SAD over time, with the greatest odds of SAD noted for sports medicine surgeons (odds ratio = 3.04). CONCLUSIONS: Although SAD use during RCR appears to be decreasing, multiple surgeon and practice factors (years in practice, fellowship training, volume, and academic practice) are associated with a change in SAD use. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These data suggest that early-career surgeons entering practice are likely driving the trend of declining SAD. Despite evidence suggesting limited clinical benefits, SAD remains commonly performed; future studies should endeavor to determine factors associated with practice changes among surgeons.

Partial Superior Capsular Reconstruction to Augment Arthroscopic Repair of Massive Rotator Cuff Tears Using Autogenous Biceps Tendon: Effect on Retear Rate.

BACKGROUND: Massive rotator cuff tears have a high incidence of postoperative retear that can reach 90%. It is still unclear which intervention may reduce the incidence of retear and improve the functional and clinical outcomes. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical and structural outcomes at 2 years after repair of reparable massive rotator cuff tears with and without the use of partial superior capsular reconstruction (pSCR), using the autologous long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) as a graft. It was hypothesized that augmentation with a pSCR would decrease retear rates. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: The authors compared arthroscopic repair of massive posterosuperior rotator cuff tears with and without augmentation using the LHBT for pSCR between 2015 and 2017. After applying the selection criteria, 106 patients were included in the study and distributed into 2 groups of 50 and 56 patients. Patients in the first group (50 patients) underwent arthroscopic repair without use of the LHBT (AR group), and patients in the second group (56 patients) underwent arthroscopic repair with use of the LHBT for pSCR (AR-LHBT group). The structural outcome was evaluated by ultrasound at 2 years of follow-up. Function and pain were evaluated preoperatively and at the 2-year follow-up using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score and visual analog scale (VAS). Pre- and postoperative active range of motion, including forward elevation, external rotation, and abduction, were also documented. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between groups regarding the baseline characteristics. After 24 months, both groups showed significant improvement from preoperative ASES scores, VAS score, and active range of motion (P < .01 for all). Patients in the AR-LHBT group showed significant improvements in postoperative functional and pain scores compared with the AR group in all measurements at the 2-year follow-up (ASES score: 77.23 ± 7.45 vs 71.04 ± 9.28, P < .01; VAS score: 1.64 ± 1.03 vs 2.12 ± 1.06, P < .01). Final range of motion was significantly increased for the AR-LHBT group for forward elevation (155 [interquartile range {IQR}, 150-160] vs 150 [IQR, 140-170]; P < .01) and abduction (150 [IQR, 140-157.5] vs 120 [IQR, 100-140]; P < .01), but external rotation was significantly greater for the AR group (54.43 ± 10.55 vs 59.5 ± 10.55; P < .01). Postoperative ultrasonography at the 2-year follow-up revealed a higher retear rate in the AR group than in the AR-LHBT group (46% vs 14%; P < .01). CONCLUSION: Use of the LHBT for pSCR to augment massive rotator cuff tears resulted in markedly lower retear rates and modestly improved pain and function outcomes compared with repair alone.

Efficacy and safety of preemptive analgesia with gabapentinoids for patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis / Eficacia y seguridad de la analgesia preventiva con gabapentinoides para pacientes sometidos a cirugía artroscópica de hombro: una revisión sistemática y metanálisis

Abstract: Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of preemptive analgesia with gabapentinoids for patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Material and methods: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library and ScienceDirect databases. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) comparing gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin) with placebo in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopic surgery were retrieved. The primary endpoint was the visual analogue scale (VAS) score at 24 hours and cumulative morphine consumption at 24 hours. The secondary outcomes were complications of nausea/vomiting, sedation and dizziness. After tests for publication bias and heterogeneity among studies were performed, data were aggregated for random-effects models when necessary. Results: Five clinical studies (gabapentin group n = 4 and pregabalin group n = 1) were ultimately included in the meta-analysis. Gabapentinoids were associated with reduced pain scores at 24 hours. Similarly, gabapentinoids were associated with a reduction in cumulative morphine consumption at 24 hours. Furthermore, gabapentinoids can significantly reduce the occurrence of nausea/vomiting. There were no significant differences in the occurrence of sedation and dizziness. Conclusions: Preoperative use of gabapentinoids was able to reduce postoperative pain, total morphine consumption, and morphine-related complications following arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Further studies should determine the optimal dose and whether pregabalin is superior to gabapentin in controlling acute pain after shoulder surgery.

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la analgesia preventiva con gabapentinoides para pacientes sometidos a cirugía artroscópica del hombro. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis conforme a PRISMA en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane Library y ScienceDirect. Se recuperaron ensayos controlados aleatorios (RCT) que comparaban los gabapentinoides (gabapentina y pregabalina) con placebo en pacientes sometidos a cirugía artroscópica del hombro. El punto final principal fue la puntuación de la escala analógica visual (VAS) a las 24 horas y el consumo acumulado de morfina a las 24 horas. Los resultados secundarios fueron complicaciones de náuseas/vómitos, sedación y mareos. Después de realizar pruebas de sesgo de publicación y heterogeneidad entre los estudios, se agregaron datos para modelos de efectos aleatorios cuando fue necesario. Resultados: En última instancia, se incluyeron en el metaanálisis cinco estudios clínicos (grupo de gabapentina n = 4 y grupo de pregabalina n = 1). Los gabapentinoides se asociaron con puntuaciones de dolor reducidas a las 24 horas. Del mismo modo, los gabapentinoides se asociaron con una reducción en el consumo acumulado de morfina a las 24 horas. Además, los gabapentinoides pueden reducir significativamente la aparición de náuseas/vómitos. No hubo diferencias significativas en la ocurrencia de sedación y mareos. Conclusiones: El uso preoperatorio de gabapentinoides fue capaz de reducir el dolor postoperatorio, el consumo total de morfina y las complicaciones relacionadas con la morfina después de la cirugía artroscópica del hombro. Otros estudios deben determinar la dosis óptima y si la pregabalina es superior a la gabapentina en el control del dolor agudo después de la cirugía de hombro.

Eficacia y seguridad de la analgesia preventiva con gabapentinoides para pacientes sometidos a cirugía artroscópica de hombro: una revisión sistemática y metanálisis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of preemptive analgesia with gabapentinoids for patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library and ScienceDirect databases. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) comparing gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin) with placebo in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopic surgery were retrieved. The primary endpoint was the visual analogue scale (VAS) score at 24 hours and cumulative morphine consumption at 24 hours. The secondary outcomes were complications of nausea/vomiting, sedation and dizziness. After tests for publication bias and heterogeneity among studies were performed, data were aggregated for random-effects models when necessary. RESULTS: Five clinical studies (gabapentin group n = 4 and pregabalin group n = 1) were ultimately included in the meta-analysis. Gabapentinoids were associated with reduced pain scores at 24 hours. Similarly, gabapentinoids were associated with a reduction in cumulative morphine consumption at 24 hours. Furthermore, gabapentinoids can significantly reduce the occurrence of nausea/vomiting. There were no significant differences in the occurrence of sedation and dizziness. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative use of gabapentinoids was able to reduce postoperative pain, total morphine consumption, and morphine-related complications following arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Further studies should determine the optimal dose and whether pregabalin is superior to gabapentin in controlling acute pain after shoulder surgery.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la analgesia preventiva con gabapentinoides para pacientes sometidos a cirugía artroscópica del hombro. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis conforme a PRISMA en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane Library y ScienceDirect. Se recuperaron ensayos controlados aleatorios (RCT) que comparaban los gabapentinoides (gabapentina y pregabalina) con placebo en pacientes sometidos a cirugía artroscópica del hombro. El punto final principal fue la puntuación de la escala analógica visual (VAS) a las 24 horas y el consumo acumulado de morfina a las 24 horas. Los resultados secundarios fueron complicaciones de náuseas/vómitos, sedación y mareos. Después de realizar pruebas de sesgo de publicación y heterogeneidad entre los estudios, se agregaron datos para modelos de efectos aleatorios cuando fue necesario. RESULTADOS: En última instancia, se incluyeron en el metaanálisis cinco estudios clínicos (grupo de gabapentina n = 4 y grupo de pregabalina n = 1). Los gabapentinoides se asociaron con puntuaciones de dolor reducidas a las 24 horas. Del mismo modo, los gabapentinoides se asociaron con una reducción en el consumo acumulado de morfina a las 24 horas. Además, los gabapentinoides pueden reducir significativamente la aparición de náuseas/vómitos. No hubo diferencias significativas en la ocurrencia de sedación y mareos. CONCLUSIONES: El uso preoperatorio de gabapentinoides fue capaz de reducir el dolor postoperatorio, el consumo total de morfina y las complicaciones relacionadas con la morfina después de la cirugía artroscópica del hombro. Otros estudios deben determinar la dosis óptima y si la pregabalina es superior a la gabapentina en el control del dolor agudo después de la cirugía de hombro.

Roturas masivas del manguito de los rotadores: resultados clínicos de la reparación artroscópica con técnica doble MAC / Massive rotator cuff tears: Clinical outcomes of arthroscopic repair using a double MAC technique

Introducción Las roturas masivas del manguito de los rotadores representan una de las lesiones más complejas a las cuales se puede enfrentar el ortopedista especialista en hombro y son un gran reto cuando se desean lograr resultados clínicos satisfactorios. El objetivo del trabajo es describir los resultados clínicos de una nueva técnica quirúrgica para la reparación artroscópica de lesiones grandes y masivas del manguito de los rotadores (MR) utilizada en una clínica ortopédica especializada durante un período de 3 años. Materiales y métodos Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de una cohorte de pacientes con lesiones grandes y masivas del MR, diagnosticados mediante artrorresonancia directa y que cumplían criterios para reparación artroscópica, a los cuales se les realizó la reparación mediante una nueva técnica denominada doble MAC. Se analizaron como desenlaces la escala de Constant postoperatoria, la existencia de complicaciones y el grado de satisfacción de los pacientes con el procedimiento. Resultados Se evaluó a 21 pacientes (10 hombres y 11 mujeres) con una media de edad de 59,4 años (DE: 8,2) en el momento de la cirugía. Las roturas comprometieron el músculo supraespinoso en todos los casos y en el 42,8% el infraespinoso con un tamaño medio de rotura de 34,5 mm (DE: 11,2). El tiempo entre la cirugía y la evaluación fue, por término medio, de 9 meses. La escala de Constant postoperatoria fue, por término medio, de 77,4 (DE: 9,0). No se presentaron complicaciones en la cirugía o falla de los anclajes. Solo un paciente presentó capsulitis adhesiva temprana, que se trató con movilización articular, con la cual se logró normalizar todos los arcos de movilidad. Discusión La técnica doble MAC para la reparación artroscópica de las lesiones grandes y masivas del manguito de los rotadores es una técnica segura y efectiva, con buenos resultados funcionales evaluados a medio plazo y un porcentaje de satisfacción superior al 90%. Nivel de evidencia clínica Nivel IV.

Background Massive ruptures of the rotator cuff represent one of the most complex lesions that can be faced by the orthopaedic shoulder surgeon, and pose a great challenge to achieve satisfactory clinical results. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical outcomes of a new surgical technique for the repair of large and massive rotator cuff injuries used in a specialised orthopaedic clinic during a period of 3 years. Materials and methods A descriptive study was carried out on a cohort of patients with large and massive lesions of the rotator cuff, diagnosed by direct arthro-resonance, and who met criteria for arthroscopic repair. They underwent repair using a new technique called double MAC (Mason-Allen configuration). The post-surgical outcomes were measured using the Constant scale, and the presence of complications and the level of patient satisfaction with the procedure were analysed as outcomes. Results There were 21 patients (10 men and 11 women) with mean age of 59.4 (SD: 8.2) years at the time of surgery. A supraspinatus rupture was present in all (100%) of patients, and an infraspinatus rupture was present in 42.8%.. The mean size of the tear was 34.5 mm (SD: 11.2). Mean time between surgery and assessment was 9 months. Mean post-operative Constant score was 77.4 (SD: 9.0). There were no surgical complications or anchor failure. An early adhesive capsulitis was diagnosed and managed with articular mobilisation, with subsequent improvement in range of motion. Discussion Double MAC technique for arthroscopic repair of large and massive RCT is a safe and effective technique, with good clinical outcomes in the medium term and a patient satisfaction of over 90%. Evidence Level IV.

Cirugía de hombro en posición en silla de playa: prevención de complicaciones isquémicas / Shoulder arthroscopy in a beach chair position: prevention of ischaemic complications

La cirugía artroscópica de hombro en posición de silla de playa es una cirugía frecuente y se asocia a buenos resultados. Causa preocupación el reporte de casos de isquemia cerebral asociados a morbimortalidad. Este artículo hace una revisión de la literatura referente a estos casos, realizando un análisis de los factores involucrados y de los cambios que ocurren al sentar a un paciente bajo el efecto de la anestesia general y/o regional. Es muy importante que el equipo quirúrgico comprenda las limitaciones de la técnica y concilie una buena exposición quirúrgica junto con el menor impacto hemodinámico. Actualmente se sugiere sentar a los pacientes con ángulos no mayores a 45°, evitar errores en la lectura de la presión arterial, que traduzcan un adecuado flujo sanguíneo cerebral. Cuando se mide oxigenación cerebral mediante NIRS (ScO2) las mayores caídas de los valores se asocian a anestesia general en ventilación mecánica con hiperventilación y en ángulos de posición de 80-90°. La anestesia regional se asocia a menores caídas de ScO2, pero requiere de un equipo con experiencia...

Shoulder arthroscopic surgery performed in the beach chair position is common and is associated with good results. The report of cases of cerebral ischaemia associated with morbidity and mortality is a cause for concern. This article presents a review of the literature concerning these cases, as well as an analysis of the factors involved and the changes that occur in patients when the beach chair position is used under general or regional anaesthesia. It is very important that the surgical team understands the limitations of the technique, and combines a good surgical exposure along with the least haemodynamic impact. Beach chair positions with angles not greater than 45°, are now suggested in order avoid errors in the blood pressure reading, which may lead to an adequate cerebral blood flow. When measuring cerebral oxygenation using NIRS (ScO2), the biggest drops in the values are associated with general anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation with hyperventilation and position angles of 80-90 degrees. Regional anaesthesia is associated with lower falls of ScO2, but requires an experienced team...