Psychometric Properties of the Sibling Attachment Inventory in Mexican Young Adults.

The aim of this work was to adapt and validate the Sibling Attachment Inventory (SAI) in Mexican young adults and analyze its psychometric properties. Using an Internet-based survey, data were collected from 307 (64.5% female) Mexican young adults university students (aged 18-30). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to determine the factor structure of the revised Mexican version of the Sibling Attachment Inventory (SAI-RMx). Convergent and predictive validity were verified by carrying out correlations with the parent form of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), the Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale (LSRS), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE). Results indicated that the SAI-RMx presents good levels of internal consistency and a monodimensional structure, also providing evidence for convergent, predictive, and construct validity. Furthermore, secure attachments were linked with high levels of self-esteem, as well as with high levels of life satisfaction. The SAI-RMx is expected to be a reliable instrument for measuring the global level and the three components of secure attachment between siblings in the young adult's Mexican population.

Sibling relationships among U.S. citizen children of undocumented Mexican parents.

Current U.S. immigration policies disproportionately impact Mexican-origin mixed-status families, yet few studies examine the consequences of immigration enforcement (e.g., immigration-related arrest and detention) and deportation on sibling dynamics. Given this gap, this study focuses on the experiences and changes within sibling relationships in the aftermath of parental detention and deportation. We analyzed a subsample of 20 citizen children interviews (7 sibling dyads; 2 sibling triads) from a multi-site binational study that examined the psychosocial functioning of U.S. citizen children with undocumented Mexican parents. Using inductive thematic analysis, we explored the roles and functional importance of sibling relationships before and after experiences of parents' detention and deportation. Our findings suggest that prior to detention or deportation experiences, sibling relationships were described as "normal." After these experiences, however, sibling relationships changed and developed protective adaptations, including more open communication about their experiences and the assumption of caregiving roles. In cases where deportation did not occur, there still existed the threat of future immigration-related action, which contributed to fear and an inability to share feelings and experiences among siblings. Our findings suggest that sibling relationships might serve as an important locus of stability and protection. Yet, adaptive communication may not emerge as long as the threat of apprehension, detention, and deportation exists.

Las políticas migratorias actuales de los Estados Unidos afectan de manera desproporcionada a las familias de condición migratoria mixta de origen mexicano, sin embargo, pocos estudios analizan las consecuencias de la aplicación de las leyes de inmigración (por ej.: el arresto y la detención relacionados con la inmigración) y la deportación en la dinámica fraternal. Teniendo en cuenta esta falta de datos, el presente estudio se centra en las experiencias y los cambios dentro de las relaciones fraternales después de la detención y la deportación de los padres. Analizamos una submuestra de 20 entrevistas a niños ciudadanos (7 díadas de hermanos; 2 tríadas de hermanos) de un estudio binacional realizado en varios sitios que analizó el funcionamiento psicosocial de niños ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos con padres mexicanos indocumentados. Utilizando el análisis temático inductivo, analizamos los roles y la importancia funcional de las relaciones fraternales antes y después de las experiencias de detención y deportación de los padres. Nuestros resultados indican que, antes de las experiencias de detención o deportación, las relaciones fraternales se describieron como "normales". Sin embargo, después de estas experiencias, las relaciones fraternales cambiaron y surgieron adaptaciones protectoras, por ejemplo, una comunicación más abierta acerca de sus experiencias y la asunción de roles de cuidado. En los casos donde no hubo deportación, igualmente existió la amenaza de una futura acción relacionada con la inmigración, la cual generó miedo e incapacidad de compartir sentimientos y experiencias entre hermanos. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las relaciones fraternales podrían servir como lugar importante de estabilidad y protección. Sin embargo, es posible que la comunicación adaptativa no surja mientras exista la amenaza de arresto, detención y deportación.

Sibling influence on mexican-origin adolescents' deviant and sexual risk behaviors: the role of sibling modeling.

PURPOSE: A growing body of research indicates that siblings uniquely influence each other's health risk behaviors during adolescence and young adulthood. Mechanisms underlying these associations, however, are largely unknown because they are rarely tested directly. The present study addressed this gap by examining the role of sibling modeling in explaining changes in Mexican-origin youths' deviant and sexual risk behaviors over time. METHODS: The sample included 380 Mexican-origin siblings (older sibling age: M = 21.18, SD = 1.59; younger sibling age: M = 18.19, SD = .46) from (N = 190) families. Participants provided self-reports of their sibling relationship qualities, including modeling, as well as their engagement in deviant and sexual risk-taking behaviors in two home interviews across a 2-year span. RESULTS: A series of residualized regression models revealed that younger siblings' perceptions of modeling moderated the links between older siblings' deviant and sexual risk behaviors and younger siblings' subsequent behaviors in those same domains. Specifically, high levels of modeling predicted stronger associations between older siblings' earlier and younger siblings' later risk behaviors controlling for younger siblings' earlier behaviors as well as variables that have been used as proxies for social learning in previous research. CONCLUSIONS: Social learning mechanisms, especially modeling, are salient processes through which older siblings transmit norms and expectations regarding participation in health risk behaviors. Future research should continue to explore the ways in which siblings influence each other because such processes are emerging targets for intervention and prevention.

Relação fraterna: constituição do sujeito e formação do laço social / Sibling relationships: Subjects' constitution, and the establishment of social ties / Relation fraternelle: constitution du sujet et formation du lien social / Relación fraterna: constitución del sujeto y formación del lazo social

Apesar da importância do irmão na constituição do sujeito e na formação do laço social, somente por volta do ano 2000 os autores contemporâneos passaram a mostrar um interesse maior pelo estudo da relação fraterna. Grande parte desses estudos, entretanto, se dedica mais à competição e rivalidade do que à boa convivência e solidariedade. Em nossa revisão teórica, realizada na abordagem psicanalítica, de autores contemporâneos, fazemos um estudo da relação fraterna, em seus aspectos de solidariedade e de companheirismo. Constatamos a importância da boa convivência na fratria para a constituição do sujeito e do laço social. Ilustramos a discussão teórica com fragmentos de casos clínicos.(AU)

Despite the relevance of siblings in the subject’s constitution and the establishment of social ties, it has been only since the year 2000 that contemporary authors begin to show interest in the study of sibling relationships. Most of these studies, however, focus primarily on competition rather than on good quality coexistence and solidarity. In our theoretical review of contemporary authors - based on a psychoanalytic approach -, we conduct a study on sibling relationships in their companionship and solidarity aspects. We attest for the relevance of good quality of siblings’ coexistence in both the constitution of the subject and the social ties. The theoretical discussion is illustrated by fragments of clinical cases.(AU)

En dépit de l’importance de la fratrie dans la constitution du sujet et de la formation du lien social, ce n’est qu’autour de l’an 2000 que les auteurs contemporains ont manifesté un plus grand intérêt pour l’étude de la relation fraternelle. Ces études y sont toutefois soucieuses, pour la plupart d’entre elles, des rapports de compétition et de rivalité, plus que de ceux de convivance et de solidarité. Nous nous sommes attachés, quant à nous, dans notre révision théorique d’auteurs contemporains, relevant d’une approche psychanalytique, à réaliser une étude de la relation fraternelle, dans ses aspects de solidarité et de camaraderie. Nous y avons constaté l’importance de la bonne convivialté dans la fratrie pour la constitution du sujet et du lien social. Nous en avons illustré la discussion théorique par des fragments de cas cliniques.(AU)

No obstante la importancia del hermano en la constitución del sujeto y en la formación del lazo social, solamente a partir del año 2000 los autores contemporáneos pasaron a demostrar un interés más grande por el estudio de la relación fraterna. Entretanto, gran parte de esos estudios se dedica más a la competición y rivalidad de que a la buena convivencia y solidariedad. En nuestra revisión teórica, realizada en el abordaje psicoanalítico de autores contemporáneos, hacemos un estudio de la relación fraterna en sus aspectos de solidariedad y de compañerismo. Constatamos la importancia de la buena convivencia en la fratría para la constitución del sujeto y del lazo social. Ilustramos la discusión teórica con fragmentos de casos clínicos.(AU)

Relação fraterna: constituição do sujeito e formação do laço social / Sibling relationships: Subjects' constitution, and the establishment of social ties / Relation fraternelle: constitution du sujet et formation du lien social / Relación fraterna: constitución del sujeto y formación del lazo social

Apesar da importância do irmão na constituição do sujeito e na formação do laço social, somente por volta do ano 2000 os autores contemporâneos passaram a mostrar um interesse maior pelo estudo da relação fraterna. Grande parte desses estudos, entretanto, se dedica mais à competição e rivalidade do que à boa convivência e solidariedade. Em nossa revisão teórica, realizada na abordagem psicanalítica, de autores contemporâneos, fazemos um estudo da relação fraterna, em seus aspectos de solidariedade e de companheirismo. Constatamos a importância da boa convivência na fratria para a constituição do sujeito e do laço social. Ilustramos a discussão teórica com fragmentos de casos clínicos.

Despite the relevance of siblings in the subject’s constitution and the establishment of social ties, it has been only since the year 2000 that contemporary authors begin to show interest in the study of sibling relationships. Most of these studies, however, focus primarily on competition rather than on good quality coexistence and solidarity. In our theoretical review of contemporary authors - based on a psychoanalytic approach -, we conduct a study on sibling relationships in their companionship and solidarity aspects. We attest for the relevance of good quality of siblings’ coexistence in both the constitution of the subject and the social ties. The theoretical discussion is illustrated by fragments of clinical cases.

En dépit de l’importance de la fratrie dans la constitution du sujet et de la formation du lien social, ce n’est qu’autour de l’an 2000 que les auteurs contemporains ont manifesté un plus grand intérêt pour l’étude de la relation fraternelle. Ces études y sont toutefois soucieuses, pour la plupart d’entre elles, des rapports de compétition et de rivalité, plus que de ceux de convivance et de solidarité. Nous nous sommes attachés, quant à nous, dans notre révision théorique d’auteurs contemporains, relevant d’une approche psychanalytique, à réaliser une étude de la relation fraternelle, dans ses aspects de solidarité et de camaraderie. Nous y avons constaté l’importance de la bonne convivialté dans la fratrie pour la constitution du sujet et du lien social. Nous en avons illustré la discussion théorique par des fragments de cas cliniques.

No obstante la importancia del hermano en la constitución del sujeto y en la formación del lazo social, solamente a partir del año 2000 los autores contemporáneos pasaron a demostrar un interés más grande por el estudio de la relación fraterna. Entretanto, gran parte de esos estudios se dedica más a la competición y rivalidad de que a la buena convivencia y solidariedad. En nuestra revisión teórica, realizada en el abordaje psicoanalítico de autores contemporáneos, hacemos un estudio de la relación fraterna en sus aspectos de solidariedad y de compañerismo. Constatamos la importancia de la buena convivencia en la fratría para la constitución del sujeto y del lazo social. Ilustramos la discusión teórica con fragmentos de casos clínicos.

Interação entre irmãos: deficiência mental, idade e apoio social da família / Siblings' interaction: mental disability, age and family social support

Os objetivos deste estudo foram: (a) caracterizar a interação entre díades de irmãos, divididas em dois grupos - G1, com o irmão deficiente mental pré-adolescente, e G2, com esse irmão adulto; (b) comparar os desempenhos dos grupos nas interações; e (c) avaliar diferenças entre os grupos nas interações, considerando o apoio social da família. Foram realizadas sessões de observação de interações, e aplicação de instrumentos de auto-relato; os cuidadores responderam escalas para avaliação do apoio social. Os resultados sugeriram diferença no comportamento de ajudante do irmão com desenvolvimento típico, com taxa de ocorrência maior para G1. Nas escalas, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na Escala de Apoio à Maternidade/Paternidade, revelando-se menor apoio para G1. Especula-se que, como as famílias do G1 recebem menor apoio deste nível, há maior demanda de ajuda requerida pelo filho deficiente, que pode ser suprida pelos irmãos menores com desenvolvimento típico, que desempenham o papel de ajudante em maior escala que os adultos.

The purpose of the present study was: (a) To describe the relationship in sibling's dyads, separated in two groups - G1, with pre-adolescent mentally retarded sibling, and G2, with this adult sibling; (b) To compare the performance of both groups in the interactions; and (3) To evaluate differences in the relationships between the groups when family social support is taken into account. Sessions of sibling's interactions were videotaped, and self-report instruments were used. The caretakers answered scales of social support. Results suggested differences concerning the behavior of the helper of the sibling with characteristic development, with highest occurrence in G1. Scales' results indicated statistically significant difference for the Parenting Support from Family/Friends Scale, showing less support for G1. It is possible to suggest that because families from G1 have less support from this level from families and friends, a bigger demand of help is required from the disabled member, which can be compensated by the young siblings with typical development, who perform the helper's role in greater level than the adults.