Ventricular Migration of Vitreous Silicone Oil Masquerading as a Ruptured Colloid Cyst.

The ventricular migration of vitreous silicone oil (SiO) is rare and can easily be mistaken for intraventricular hemorrhage or a ruptured colloid cyst. We report here the case of an adult male who was misdiagnosed with a ruptured colloid cyst and was subsequently found to have ventricular migration of vitreous SiO. A 57-year-old male presented unresponsive following a respiratory arrest and underwent a head computed tomography (CT) scan that demonstrated multiple ovoid hyperdensities in the ventricular system, which was concerning for a ruptured colloid cyst. He was transferred to our institution for neurosurgical evaluation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed and demonstrated widespread abnormal diffusion restriction throughout the cortex and basal ganglia, consistent with anoxic brain injury secondary to hypoxic respiratory arrest. The MRI also demonstrated an abnormal signal in areas corresponding with the previously identified intraventricular lesions, which did not layer posteriorly. Given that the MRI sequence signals of the lesions in the ventricular system matched perfectly with the signals of the somewhat deflated SiO within the globe, these multiple ovoid lesions on imaging were most consistent with the migration of SiO from the vitreous body of the right globe into the ventricular system. This case demonstrates a diagnostic error that can occur in emergent settings because of the broad differential diagnosis for cerebral ventricular hyperdensities. A ruptured colloid cyst was considered the reason for transfer, with the anticipation of neurosurgical intervention, but further imaging demonstrated that this was an incidental finding in this patient who presented in extremis. Awareness of this rare clinical condition can prevent overutilization of resources and unnecessary interventions.

Extremely Weak Electro-Optic Kerr Effect in Methyl Silicone Oils.

The electro-optical properties of methyl silicone oils with viscosities ranging from 10 to 10,000 cSt have been studied extensively to verify their suitability as immersion liquids. Immersion liquids are often used in nonlinear optics to protect hygroscopic crystals from moisture, reduce multiple reflections, and protect against electrical breakdown. However, the lack of experimental data makes it difficult to select an optimal liquid that does not exhibit a significant electro-optical Kerr effect in the fringing electric field around the electrodes on the crystal. Electro-optical measurements were performed using an improved dynamic polarimetric method, which compensates for the measurement errors caused by inaccurate positioning of the electro-optical modulator's operating point on its transmission characteristics. The values of the Kerr coefficient ranged from -8.83 × 10-16 to -6.79 × 10-16 m V-2 for all oil samples, at temperatures from 25 to 80 °C and frequencies from 67 to 1017 Hz. These exceptionally low values, together with a low dielectric constant, very good transparency, and high chemical stability, make methyl silicone oils highly suitable as immersion liquids. The Kerr coefficient and other electro-optical coefficients increased with increasing temperature. This unusual result cannot be adequately explained by Buckingham's molecular theory of the Kerr effect.

Emulsification of Silicone Oils: Altering Factors and Possible Complications-A Narrative Review.

Background: Endotamponade of the vitreous body with silicone oil is a common procedure, being the basis of many vitreoretinal surgeries. However, emulsification may happen, which is a clinically relevant adverse event of silicone oil use. Methods: This review provides a thorough analysis of the emulsification process. It focuses on describing factors affecting this event as well as its possible subsequent complications. Results: The viscosity of silicone oil, the duration of emulsification, the status of the lens and many other factors have an influence on the onset and intensity of emulsification. This phenomenon carries several risks for operated eyes such as increased intraocular pressure, keratopathy or structural changes to the retina. Conclusions: The use of modern imaging techniques, especially optical coherence tomography, enables faster detection of the emulsification process. This allows for an adequate clinical response and more accurate follow-up of the patient.

Suprachoroidal silicone oil migration following 27 gauge 3 ports pars plana vitrectomy - a rare complication and its management.

Suprachoroidal silicone oil migration is an unusual complication of small gauge 3 ports Pars plana vitrectomy (3PPV) system. Our objective is to report a retrospective, observational case of an intra-operative suprachoroidal silicone oil (SO) migration during 27 gauge 3PPV and its successful surgical management. A 49 years old male patient with type 2 diabetes, presented to the ophthalmology outpatient department with reduced visual acuity in his right eye. He was diagnosed as having tractional retinal detachment involving macula. During combined phaco-vitrectomy following injection of SO, peripheral choroidal elevations were noted suggesting suprachoroidal SO migration. In an attempt to drain this intra-operatively nasal sclerotomy was enlarged. Post-operative B scan showed significant choroidal detachment for which patient was re-scheduled for surgery after 1 day. Three radial trans-scleral incisions (2 nasal and 1 temporal) for drainage were made at the site of maximum choroidal detachment. By massaging and widening these scleral incisions, suprachoroidal haemorrhage and SO was successfully drained with good post-operative visual improvement.

Silicone Oil Migration to the Lateral Rectus Muscle: An Unusual Finding.

We report a case of silicone oil migration to the lateral rectus muscle discovered during otherwise uncomplicated strabismus surgery in a patient with multiple previous vitreoretinal surgical interventions. A 58-year-old female underwent strabismus surgery to correct a long-standing sensory exotropia. This patient underwent numerous previous vitreoretinal surgical interventions due to a complex history of retinal detachments with subsequent repairs, including inserting and removing intraocular silicone as an endotamponade. During this procedure, silicone oil cysts were discovered firmly adhered within the substance of the lateral rectus muscle. These cysts were subsequently removed either by rupture or whole excision, and specimens were sent for pathological examination. Microscopy confirmed sections of fat necrosis of the lateral rectus muscle with areas incorporating silicone oil. Following this, a lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection were performed, and the exotropia was satisfactorily corrected. This report highlights an unusual complication of otherwise unchallenging strabismus surgery. Intraocular silicone oil introduced during vitreoretinal surgical procedures may present as cysts embedded on extraocular muscle, thus presenting a unique finding of strabismus surgery.

Corrigendum: Effect of polydimethylsiloxane oil lubrication on the friction of cross-country UHMWPE ski bases on snow.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.894250.].

Macular Edema Following Silicone Oil Tamponade for Retinal Detachment: A Literature Review.

Macular edema (ME) is a major cause of reduced vision following intraocular surgery. Although the pathophysiology of ME is not completely understood, inflammatory mediators play a key role. The incidence of ME following pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade varies between 13% and 27%. ME usually resolves spontaneously following silicone oil removal, but treatment may be required for resistant cases. In this review, the mechanisms of ME formation after pars plana vitrectomy, its incidence, and its possible therapeutic approaches are discussed.

Modifications of Textile Materials with Functional Silanes, Liquid Silicone Softeners, and Silicone Rubbers-A Review.

General information concerning different kinds of chemical additives used in the textile industry has been described in this paper. The properties and applications of organofunctional silanes and polysiloxanes (silicones) for chemical and physical modifications of textile materials have been reviewed, with a focus on silicone softeners, silane, and silicones-based superhydrophobic finishes and coatings on textiles composed of silicone elastomers and rubbers. The properties of textile materials modified with silanes and silicones and their practical and potential applications, mainly in the textile industry, have been discussed.

Effect of Polydimethylsiloxane Oil Lubrication on the Friction of Cross-Country UHMWPE Ski Bases on Snow.

Silicone oils are known for their excellent lubricating properties, low toxicity and are ice-, snow-, and hydrophobic. With the upcoming ban on fluorine-containing glide products imposed by the International Ski Federation (FIS), novel glide enhancers for skis are desperately needed. Here, the effect of four silicone oil viscosities (10, 20, 50, and 100 cSt) have been evaluated at three temperatures and snow conditions ranging from -10 °C dry snow to +5 °C wet snow. In dry snow conditions, the shear forces introduced by the silicone oil film increased friction significantly compared to a ski without any treatment. On wet snow, the increased hydrophobicity from the silicone oils reduced the friction by 10%. While commercial glide wax outperformed the silicone oils, this study reports the silicone oils do have desirable friction reducing properties for wet conditions.

The effect of longstanding silicone oil on retina choroid and optic nerve in eyes with retinal detachment: an optical coherence tomography study.

BACKGROUND: The study aims to evaluate peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL-T), central macular thickness (MT), choroidal thickness (CT), and thickness of each retinal layer after automatic segmentation in patients who underwent retinal detachment (RD) repair with longstanding silicone oil tamponade. METHODS: We enrolled 33 patients who underwent complicated primary rhegmatogenous RD surgery and followed up with a long-term silicone tamponade were included in this retrospective comparative (case-control) study. RNFL-T, CT, and thickness of each retinal layer after automatic segmentation analysis were measured after the longstanding silicone removal surgery. RESULTS: The mean silicone oil removal time was 15.1 ± 15.2 (7-70) months. The overall average thickness of the RNFL was 90.7 ± 13.6 µm in the operated eyes and 118.3 ± 35.6 µm in the sound eyes, with a statistically significant difference. The overall average central MT was 186.3 ± 57.7 µm and was significantly lower in the operated eyes than in the sound eyes. Inner retinal layers of the study group showed a significant thinning in the nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, and inner nuclear layer as compared to that of the sound eyes. The subfoveal CT was 213.7 ± 86.6 µm in the study eyes and 217.7 ± 115.5 µm in the control eyes. There was no significant difference between the study eyes and controls. CONCLUSION: The effects of silicone oil on the retina remain uncertain; however, morphological results in our study have shown direct or indirect silicone oil-induced toxicity, especially in the inner retinal layers.

Manejo quirúrgico de biopolímeros en punta nasal: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura / Surgical Management of Biopolymers in Nasal Tip: Case Report and Literature Review

Introducción: los rellenos faciales han sido ampliamente utilizados a nivel mundial. Existen rellenos temporales, semipermanentes y permanentes. En cuanto a los rellenos permanentes, la silicona es la más utilizada y está aprobada por la agencia gubernamental de los Estados Unidos, la Administración de Alimentos y Medicamentos (FDA), en dos presentaciones para el desprendimiento de la retina. En 1997 se autorizó el uso off-label de Adatosil y Silicon 100, ambas prescritas durante la relación médico-paciente. Se han descrito múltiples eventos adversos secundarios a la inyección de silicona como relleno facial, principalmente síntomas inflamatorios, reacción a cuerpo extraño, sepsis y migración del producto, que por lo general se presentan por una aplicación inapropiada por personal sin entrenamiento. Caso clínico: se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino en la quinta década de la vida, a quien le aplicaron silicona en aceite a nivel de la punta nasal; posteriormente, presenta dermatopatía secundaria sin respuesta al manejo médico, por lo cual requiere manejo quirúrgico para el retiro del material alogénico y reconstrucción nasal secundaria. Se dan recomendaciones para el manejo quirúrgico de estos pacientes.

Introduction: Injectable facial fillers have been widely used worldwide. There are temporary, semipermanent, and permanent fillers. Regarding permanent fillers silicone is the most widely used, approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in two presentations Adatosil and Silicon 100 for retinal detachment. In 1997 the FDA allows for the off-label use prescribed within the doctor-patient relationship. There have been reported multiple adverse events, mainly inflammatory symptoms, foreign body reactions, sepsis, and product migration generally occurring by inappropriate application by untrained personnel. Case report: We present the case of a male patient in the fifth decade of life who underwent the application of silicone oil at the level of the nasal tip, and later presented secondary dermatopathy without response to medical management, which requires surgical management to remove the allogeneic material and secondary nasal reconstruction

Glaucoma e óleo de silicone / Glaucoma and silicone oils

RESUMO O óleo de silicone é um importante tampão utilizado na retinopexia cirúrgica de casos graves de descolamento de retina. O aumento da pressão intraocular e o desenvolvimento de glaucoma secundário são frequentes complicações da sua utilização. A depender do período de aparecimento, diversos mecanismos justificam a ocorrência de tais complicações. Compreender os fatores de riscos e a patogênese do aumento da pressão intraocular associada a aplicação de óleo de silicone em cirurgia retiniana ajuda a orientar o tratamento adequado para cada paciente. O objetivo deste artigo é revisar a literatura sobre a patogenia, a incidência, os fatores de risco e o tratamento desta condição clínica.

ABSTRACT Silicone oil has been an important intraocular tamponade in retinopexy in cases of complicated retinal detachment surgery. The increase of intraocular pressure and development of secondary glaucoma are a known complication of its use. A variety of mechanisms have been proposed for the pathogenesis, depending on the onset. This article aims to review the literature about pathogenesis, the incidence and risk factors, as well as the treatment of this pathology.

Comparison of clinical characteristics and factors affecting prognosis vision of idiopathic and myopic macular hole / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical characteristics and analyze the factors affecting vision prognosis of idiopathic macular hole (IMH) or myopic macular hole (MMH).Methods:A cross-sectional study. From October 2012 to October 2020, 336 patients with 346 eyes of IMH and MMH who were diagnosed in Shanxi Provincial Eye Hospital with continuous follow-up data after surgery were included. There were 346 eyes (336 cases), including IMH with 247 cases (255 eyes) and MMH with 89 cases (91 eyes), which were divided into IMH group and MMH group. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography were performed in all eyes. The BCVA examination used the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, which was converted into logarithmic minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity. The age of outset in IMH and MMH was 64.8±6.6 and 59.2±8.1 years, the logMAR BCVA was 1.11±0.50 and 1.80±0.78, respectively. There were significant differences in age ( Wald=34.507) and logMAR BCVA ( Z=-7.703) between two groups ( P<0.05). All eyes were performed inner limiting membrane (ILM) peeling or partial inverted ILM covering hole operation. After the operation, the vitreous cavity was filled with air, C 3F 8 and silicone oil, including 73, 102, 83 eyes in IMH group and 9, 10, 72 eyes in MMH group, respectively. Follow-up time after surgery was more than 2 months. The optimal BCVA and macular hole closure of the two groups were observed. If the quantitative data conformed to the normal distribution, the generalized estimating equation was used, otherwise, the Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-wallis test was used, the χ 2 test was used for the comparison of categorical variables. Generalized estimating equation logistic regression analyzed the influencing factors of optimal BCVA after surgery and visual acuity success. Results:In IMH and MMH, the optimal logMAR BCVA were 0.71±0.36, 1.10±0.51 respectively, and 147 (57.6%, 147/255) eyes, 63 (69.2%, 63/91) eyes achieved visual success respectively. There was a significant difference in the optimal logMAR BCVA ( Z=-6.803, P<0.005), but no difference in visual success rate ( χ2=3.772) between the two groups. The visual success rate of IMH at the same baseline BCVA level was higher than that of MMH, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=14.500, P=0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors predicting poor optimal visual acuity after surgery were: IMH, baseline BCVA [odds ratio ( OR)=2.941, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.341-6.447, P<0.05], MH diameter ( OR=1.003, 95% CI 1.001-1.005, P<0.05), silicon oil filling ( OR=3.481, 95% CI 1.594-7.605, P<0.05); MMH, baseline BCVA ( OR=2.549, 95% CI 1.344-4.834, P<0.05), C 3F 8 filling ( OR=18.131, 95% CI 1.505-218.365, P<0.05) and silicon oil filling ( OR=7.796, 95% CI 0.997-60.944, P<0.05). The factors leading to a lower likelihood of achieving visual success: IMH, baseline BCVA ( OR=213.329, 95% CI 46.123-986.694, P<0.05), MH diameter ( OR=0.995, 95% CI 0.992-0.997, P<0.05), silicon oil filling ( OR=0.326, 95% CI 0.115-0.926, P<0.05) and duration ( OR=1.036, 95% CI 1.005-1.067, P<0.05); MMH, baseline BCVA ( OR=13.316, 95% CI 2.513-70.565, P<0.05) and duration ( OR=1.022, 95% CI 1.001-1.044, P<0.05). Conclusions:MMH was earlier than IMH in age of outset. Baseline vision significantly affected vision prognosis in IMH and MMH. Silicone oil should be avoided as much as possible under the premise of hole closure.

New insight into silicone oil in the era of minimally invasive vitrectomy / 中华眼底病杂志

Silicone oil is widely used in intraocular filling of fundus disease after vitrectomy, which improves retinal reattachment rate andpostoperative visual function of patients. With the era of minimally invasive vitreous surgery coming, the utilization rate of silicone oil filling is decreasing, however, it still plays an indispensable role in the surgical treatment of complex fundus diseases. In the process of using silicone oil, the indications should be strictly selected, and the potential risks should be fully considered and possibly avoided. The study of vitreous substitutes with certain physiological functions is currently a research hotspot in the field of fundus diseases.

O papel da ressonância magnética na avaliação da gluteoplastia: aspectos habituais e complicações / The role of magnetic resonance in the evaluation of gluteoplasty: habitual aspects and complications

RESUMO Introdução: Os procedimentos estéticos na região glútea têm ganhado evidência nas últimas décadas, com aumento da procura e aparecimento de novas técnicas. Somado ao desenvolvimento e maior facilidade de acesso aos métodos de imagem, assim como a crescente judicialização da medicina, tornam-se cada vez mais frequentes os exames de imagem nos pacientes submetidos a gluteoplastia, com destaque atualmente para a avaliação por ressonância magnética desta região. Dessa forma, a imagem entra cada vez mais na prática clínica diária do cirurgião plástico, requerendo do mesmo conhecimentos sobre conceitos básicos em relação à solicitação e interpretação dos exames. Neste artigo, revisamos aspectos de imagem por ressonância magnética de procedimentos estéticos da região glútea, bem como suas complicações. O objetivo é ilustrar através de estudos de ressonância magnética os achados habituais nos procedimentos de gluteoplastia, bem como algumas de suas complicações, além de propor um protocolo de exame por ressonância magnética da região. Foram selecionados selecionados casos ilustrativos de pacientes que se submeteram a procedimentos de gluteoplastia, sejam eles aprovados, off-label ou mesmo ilícitos, e que fizeram estudo de ressonância magnética em nosso serviço. Foi realizada ainda revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aesthetic procedures in the gluteal region are increasingly in evidence in recent decades with the augment in demand and the emergence of new techniques. This fact, coupled with the development and easier access to imaging methods and the increasing judicialization of medicine, makes imaging exams more frequent in patients undergoing gluteoplasty, with an emphasis currently on magnetic resonance imaging in this region. Thus, the image increasingly enters the plastic surgeon's daily clinical practice, requiring knowledge of basic concepts regarding the request and interpretation of the exams. In this article, we reviewed aspects of magnetic resonance imaging of aesthetic procedures in the gluteal region and their complications. The objective is to, through magnetic resonance studies, the usual findings in gluteoplasty procedures, as well as some of their complications, in addition to proposing an examination protocol for magnetic resonance imaging in the region. Illustrative cases of patients who underwent gluteoplasty procedures, whether approved, off-label or even illicit, were selected, in which we conducted a magnetic resonance study in our service. A bibliographic review was also done on the topic.

Current Situation and Challenges in Vitreous Substitutes.

Vitreo-retinal disorders constitute a significant portion of treatable ocular diseases. These pathologies often require vitreo-retinal surgery and, as a consequence, the use of vitreous substitutes. Nowadays, the vitreous substitutes that are used in clinical practice are mainly divided into gases (air, SF6 , C2 F6 , C3 F8 ) and liquids (perfluorocarbon liquids, silicone oils, and heavy silicone oils). There are specific advantages and drawbacks to each of these, which determine their clinical indications. However, developing the ideal biomaterial for vitreous substitution continues to be one of the most important challenges in ophthalmology, and a multidisciplinary approach is required. In this sense, recent research has focused on the development of biocompatible, biodegradable, and injectable hydrogels (natural, synthetic, and smart), which also act as medium and long-term internal tamponade agents. This comprehensive review aims to cover the main characteristics and indications for use of the extensive range of vitreous substitutes that are currently used in clinical practice, before going on to describe the hydrogels that have been developed recently and which have emerged as promising biomaterials for vitreous substitution.

Comparison of Perfluorodecalin and Silicone Oil as Initial Tamponade for Giant Retinal Tear-Associated Retinal Detachment.

INTRODUCTION: To compare visual outcomes and complication rates of giant retinal tear-associated retinal detachment (GRT-RD) cases treated with short-term perfluorodecalin (PFD) tamponade versus silicone oil (SiO). METHODS: Database analysis of patients with GRT-RD operated on in the period from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2019. RESULTS: Forty-five patients were operated for GRT-RD using PFD or SiO during this period. Two children, 7 patients receiving gas tamponade, and 2 lost to follow-up were excluded. Eighteen eyes (40%) received PFD and 27 (60%) received SiO. There were 15/18 (83%) macula-sparing cases in the PFD group and 18/27 (67%) in the SiO group (p = 0.13). The mean duration of oil tamponade was 91 days for SiO and 7.6 days for PFD (p < 0.0001). The mean length of follow-up was 274.5 days for PFD and 668.9 days for SiO. The mean BCVA was 6/18 (63.4 ± 26.0 ETDRS letters) for SiO and 6/12 (72.9 ± 12.7 ETDRS letters) for PFD (p = 0.42). Analysing macula-sparing pseudophakic eyes, the BCVA was 6/12 (67.4 ± 25.9 letters, n = 18) for SiO eyes and 6/9 (76.8 ± 9.9 letters, n = 11) for PFD eyes (p = 0.54). The recurrence rate was 22% (6/27) for SiO and 6% (1/18) for PFD (p = 0.12). The rate of cystoid macular oedema (CMO) was 22% for SiO and 22% for PFD. Epiretinal membrane (ERM) was found in 26% of SiO cases and 22% of PFD cases. Loss of vision after oil removal was not observed. Seven eyes (26%) receiving SiO and none receiving PFD developed chronic ocular hypertension (OHT) (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term tamponade with PFD for GRT-RD appears similar to tamponade with SiO in terms of the visual outcomes and complication rates.

Outcomes of the Perplexed Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment in Eyes with Coloboma.

PURPOSE: To determine the anatomical and visual outcomes of retinal detachment in eyes with chorioretinal coloboma managed by pars plana vitrectomy, endolaser photocoagulation and silicone oil (SO) tamponade. METHODS: Retrospective review of 29 eyes of 29 patients with retinal detachment associated with chorioretinal coloboma. All the cases were managed by vitrectomy procedures concluding with SO tamponade. Encircling band was placed based on pre-operative evaluation and/or surgeon's discretion. Endolaser photocoagulation was applied around the peripheral retina, all around the peripheral breaks and around the colobomatous area. The outcome measures were evaluated with regard to functional and anatomical success. RESULTS: The average age at the time of surgery was 21.76 ± 9.58 years (range, 10-50 years). The mean follow-up duration was 12.28 ± 4.8 months (range, 6-24 months). Primary attached retina was obtained in 21 / 29 (72.4%) eyes after single surgery. Re-detachment in 8 / 29 (27.6%) eyes which required revision surgery was the most frequent postoperative complication followed by raised intraocular pressure in 4 / 29 (13.8%) with SO in situ. Out of 29 eyes, 23 were followed up after the removal of SO. The mean duration of SO removal was 7.91 ± 3.9 months (range, 4-18 months). Implantation of encircling band, lens removal and cryotherapy provided no added advantage. At the final examination, improvement in vision was observed in 21 (72.4%) eyes and the anatomical attachment of the retina was attained in 27 (93.1%) eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Complete pars plana vitrectomy, endolaser photocoagulation along with SO tamponade is effective for retinal detachment associated with chorioretinal coloboma. This technique improves the anatomical outcome and helps in regaining significant visual acuity.

Effects of simethicone combined with compound polyethylene glycol for bowel cleaning on the detection rate of colon polyps / 中华消化内镜杂志

To explore the effects of simethicone combined with compound polyethylene glycol for bowel cleaning on the detection rate of intestinal polyps. A total of 300 patients undergoing colonoscopy from May to July 2020 were randomly divided into group A and B. Patients in group A only used 2 packets of compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder for bowel cleaning. Patients in group B took simethicone combined with compound polyethylene glycol for intestinal cleaning. The time, method and dosage of compound polyethylene glycol were the same as those of group A. Intestinal cleanliness, intestinal defoaming degree, intestinal polyp detection rate and incidence of adverse reactions in group A and B were compared respectively. The scores of intestinal cleaning, the rate of intestinal foam removal and the detection rate of large and small polyps in group B were higher than those in group A. There was no significant difference in the incidence of short-term adverse reactions between the two groups. However, the incidence of postoperative abdominal distension in group B was significantly reduced. Simethicone combined with compound polyethylene glycol for bowel cleaning can significantly improve the degree of intestinal cleaning and improve postoperative abdominal distension. It has obvious effects on improving the detection date of intestinal polyps and preventing the occurrence of certain intestinal tumors. The method is simple, feasible and economical, which is worth promoting.

Optic coherence tomography features of subretinal vitreous substitutes.

BACKGROUND: To draw comparisons between spectral domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT) features of subretinal silicon oil (SO), perfluoro-n-octane (PFO) or C3F8 gas. METHODS: Cases diagnosed with retained subretinal vitreous substitutes (VS) were retrospectively selected. Demographic data were collected and OCT features were analyzed. RESULTS: In the 13 cases with subretinal PFO, hyper-reflectivity under the bubble was noted in 8 eyes (61.5%); choroidal shadow at the borders of the bubble in 11 eyes (84.6%); hyper-reflective halo around the bubble in 5 eyes (38.4%) and a hyper-reflective apical dot in 8 eyes (61.5%).The two cases with multiple PFO bubbles had complete septum dividing the bubbles. The one case with subretinal SO had hyper reflectivity under the bubble; no choroidal shadow at the edge of the bubble; hyper-reflective halo was noted around the bubble and the apical hyper-reflective dot was present; there was no complete septum dividing multiple bubbles. The single case with subretinal C3F8 had some bubbles with totally round base, incomplete septum, hyper reflectivity under the bubble, choroidal shadow at the edge of the bubble, a hyper-reflective halo and an apical dot. CONCLUSION: Different subretinal VS share similar SD-OCT characteristics. Round base bubbles are only observed with subretinal C3F8 gas, while incomplete septum are related to retained subretinal SO or gas.