Effect of information-motivation-behavioral skills model based perioperative nursing on pain in patients with gallstones.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of cholecystolithiasis is on the rise. Use of information, motivation, and behavioral skills can play a positive role in promoting changes in individual health behaviors. However, reports on the effects of information-motivation-behavioral (IMB) skills model based high-quality nursing as a perioperative nursing intervention for patients with gallstones are nonexistent. AIM: To explore the application of IMB skills model based high-quality nursing in patients with gallstones. METHODS: Two hundred and sixteen patients with cholecystolithiasis treated at our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were enrolled and divided into a control, high-quality, and combined nursing groups, with 72 patients in each group. The control, high-quality, and combination groups received conventional, high-quality, and IMB skills model based perioperative nursing services, respectively. Differences in clinical indicators, stress levels, degree of pain, emotional state, and quality of life were observed, and complications and nursing satisfaction among the three groups were evaluated. RESULTS: After nursing, the time to recovery of gastrointestinal function in the high-quality and combined nursing groups was significantly shorter than that of the control group, with the recovery of gastrointestinal function being the fastest in the combined nursing group (P < 0.05). After nursing intervention, cortisol and norepinephrine levels in the high-quality and combined nursing groups were closer to normal than those of the control group 24 h after surgery, with the combined nursing group having the closest to normal levels (P < 0.05). After 3 and 7 d of intervention, the patients' pain significantly improved, which was more prominent in the high-quality and combination groups. Meanwhile, the pain score in the combination group was significantly lower than those of the control and high-quality nursing groups (P < 0.05). After nursing intervention, the emotional states of all patients improved, and the scores of patients in the combination group were significantly lower than those of the control and high-quality nursing groups. The quality of life of patients in the high-quality and combined nursing groups significantly improved after nursing intervention compared to that of the control group, with the combined nursing group having the highest quality of life score. After intervention, the incidence of complications in the high-quality and combination groups was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05), but the difference between the combination and high-quality nursing groups was not significant. Nursing satisfaction of patients in the high-quality and combination groups was significantly higher than that of the control group, with the nursing satisfaction being the highest in the combination group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: IMB skills model based nursing can improve surgical stress levels, degrees of pain, emotional state, quality of life, and nursing satisfaction of patients with gallstones and reduce the incidence of complications.

Health education intervention and its impact on patients with unilateral vestibular dysfunction: An information-motivation-behavioral model approach.

Unilateral vestibular dysfunction is a one-sided impairment of vestibular function in one ear. Incorporating health education in treatment and rehabilitation plans can improve vestibular function, keep negative emotions at bay, and reduce the extent of the condition. This letter investigates the impact of the information-motivation-behavioral skills model as a medium for health education on patient outcomes. While offering encouraging observations, there are certain limitations, such as the study's retrospective design, small sample size, use of subjective measures, and lack of longer follow-ups that challenge the cogency of the study. The study is a step toward transforming vestibular dysfunction treatment through health education.

Using an extended information-motivation-behavioral skills model to explain HPV vaccination intention among men who have sex with men only and men who have sex with men and women.

Men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) have been reported to differ in psychosocial and sexual behavior patterns from men who have sex with men only (MSMO). However, results regarding the differences in HPV vaccination intention/behavior were inconclusive. We compared HPV vaccination intention between MSMO and MSMW and analyzed the differences in potentially associated factors in China. MSM participants were recruited online using a snowball sampling method. Cross-sectional data were collected via a questionnaire based on the extended information-motivation-behavioral skills model. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the relationship between the variables, followed by multi-group analysis to test differences between groups. Of 914 MSM, 77.68% were MSMO and 22.32% were MSMW. MSMW had a higher rate of reluctance to vaccinate than MSMO (23.53% vs. 16.20%, p = .016). Differences between the two groups were statistically significant in risky sexual behavior, behavioral skills, and promotional attitude. In both groups, promotional attitude was the most significant predictor of vaccination intention. Vaccination intention was directly influenced by motivation and indirectly by risky sexual behavior in MSMO, but not significantly in MSMW. Additionally, the direct effect of information on behavioral skills in MSMW was significantly greater than that in MSMO, but we did not find any effect of behavioral skills on vaccination intention. MSMW had lower vaccination intention than MSMO. MSMO may be influenced by risky sexual behavior and motivation, positively impacting their vaccination intention, unlike MSMW. Targeted strategies could help promote HPV vaccination, especially in MSMW.

Application of IMB model in preventing venous thromboembolism in elderly lung cancer patients.

Objective: This study aims to explore the effects of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB) Skills Model on the prevention of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in elderly lung cancer patients. Methods: A convenience sampling method was used to select study participants who were hospitalized for treatment between November 2022 and August 2023 at a tertiary hospital in Neijiang and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The control group (n = 41) received conventional health education, while the intervention group (n = 40) received health education based on the IMB Skills Model over three months. The scores of the Venous Thrombosis Knowledge, Participation in Thrombosis Prevention Willingness and Behavior Questionnaire, and Quality of Life Measurement Scale (QLQ-C30) were compared before the intervention and after three months. After three months of intervention, the hospital satisfaction and VTE incidence rates in both groups were investigated and compared. Results: After three months of intervention, the scores for the Venous Thrombosis Knowledge, (Participation in Thrombosis Prevention Willingness and Behavior Questionnaire in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The QLQ-C30 scores in the intervention group for physical function, role function, emotional function, insomnia, appetite loss, and overall health status were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The intervention group rated higher in doctor's professional skills, information provision, accessibility; nurse's professional skills, humanistic care, information provision, accessibility; team communication, services of other personnel, overall satisfaction compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The rate of VTE in the intervention group was 2.5%(1/40), and that in the control group was 19.5%(8/41). There was a significant difference (χ2 = 4.336, P = 0.037). Conclusion: Nursing interventions based on the IMB Skills Model for elderly lung cancer patients can enhance patients' understanding of venous thrombosis, increase willingness and active participation in thrombosis prevention, improve quality of life, increase hospital satisfaction, and reduce the incidence of VTE.

Exploring the smoking cessation needs of individuals with diabetes using the Information-Motivation-Behavior Skills model.

INTRODUCTION: Smoking cessation is an important aspect of diabetes management. Despite the increased risk for diabetes complications when smoking, evidence suggests that people living with type 1 and type 2 diabetes are less likely to quit smoking when compared to those without diabetes. Guided by the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model, this study aimed to identify the needs of individuals living with type 1 and type 2 diabetes to quit smoking. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive design was adopted. Semi-structured telephone interviews were held between April and June 2021, with 20 former and current Maltese smokers living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, recruited from the diabetic clinics within the two main acute public hospitals. The interview transcriptions were analyzed using applied thematic analysis. RESULTS: Individuals with diabetes need more information on the effects of smoking on diabetes to encourage cessation. Preventing diabetic complications was reported as a motivator to quit smoking. However, having diabetes was identified as a challenge to quitting. Participants welcomed the provision of health professional support for quitting smoking, identifying the need to provide smoking cessation support within diabetic clinics. The provision of information on tobacco-associated diabetic complications, by using video messages featuring former smokers' stories was also suggested. CONCLUSIONS: To promote smoking cessation among individuals with diabetes, they need to be informed about how smoking affects their condition. Utilizing video messages featuring real-life stories of former smokers with diabetes who experienced tobacco-associated diabetic complications may be influential. Additionally, providing diabetes-specific intensive smoking cessation support is crucial to help them quit.

Effect of health education based on information-motivation-behavioral skills model on patients with unilateral vestibular dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: Vestibular dysfunction (VH) is a common concomitant symptom of late peripheral vestibular lesions, which can be trauma, poisoning, infection, heredity, and neurodegeneration, but about 50% of the causes are unknown. The study uses the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model for health education, effectively improve the quality of life, increase their self-confidence, reduce anxiety and depression, and effectively improve the psychological state of patients. AIM: To explore the effect of health education based on the IMB model on the degree of vertigo, disability, anxiety and depression in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction. METHODS: The clinical data of 80 patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected as the retrospective research objects, and they were divided into the control group and the observation group with 40 cases in each group according to different nursing methods. Among them, the control group was given routine nursing health education and guidance, and the observation group was given health education and guidance based on the IMB model. The changes in self-efficacy, anxiety and depression, and quality of life of patients with unilateral VH were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) scale scores between the two groups of patients before nursing (P > 0.05), which was comparable; after nursing, the GSES scale scores of the two groups were higher than those before nursing. The nursing group was higher than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the scores of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and anxiety and depression subscales between the two groups before nursing (P > 0.05). After nursing, the HADS score, anxiety, and depression subscale scores of the two groups of patients were lower than those before nursing, and the nursing group was lower than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After nursing, the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) scale and DHI-P, DHI-E and DHI-F scores in the two groups were decreased, and the scores in the nursing group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Health education based on the IMB model can effectively improve patients' quality of life, increase self-efficacy of patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction, enhance patients' confidence, enable patients to resume normal work and life as soon as possible, reduce patients' anxiety and depression, and effectively improve patients' psychological status.

An intervention study investigating the effectiveness of contextualizing multimodal strategy on improving hand hygiene at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Hand hygiene (HH) is a proven low-cost means to curtail the problem of hospital-acquired infection (HAI). However, a low HH compliance rate of 17.1% was found among surgical health workers at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) in Zaria, Nigeria. METHODS: This was an intervention study conducted utilizing mixed methods to investigate the effectiveness of the World Health Organization (WHO) multimodal strategy to improve the HH compliance rate of doctors at ABUTH Zaria. The study was conducted between June and August 2022 and included delivering a behavioural change HH workshop to doctors followed by data collection in the surgical wards that had received environmental modification through the provision of an alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR), HH posters and nurses for visual and/or verbal reminders. RESULTS: The cumulative HH compliance rate was 69% (n=1774) and was significantly different from the baseline HH compliance rate of 17.1% (confidence interval 45.5 to 57.7, p<0.001). Observed HH was highest in the ward with both visual and verbal reminders (78%) and lowest (59%) where neither visual nor verbal reminders were provided (n=444 per ward). All respondents reported motivation to perform HH with the presence of ABHR. CONCLUSIONS: The WHO multimodal strategy is good for enhancing HH among health workers in the context of low- and middle-income countries. More research is needed to understand how much of a reduction in HAI is directly associated with efficient HH by health workers.

Using the information-motivation-behavioral skills model for targeting older adults' climate change management practices: in the road of COP27.

BACKGROUND: Climate change is a rapidly evolving public health problem warranting global attention in the 21st century. The World Health Organization declared that climate illiteracy is highly prevalent among older adults, especially in lower- and middle-income nations. AIM: To determine the effect of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model-based intervention for climate change management practices among older adults. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental employed a pre-posttest, two-group research design. PARTICIPANTS: The studied sample comprised 80 older adults (aged 60 years and above), assigned to study and control groups (n = 40 each) after completing a baseline survey of six validated measures. RESULTS: The study group of proposed intervention based on IMB model demonstrated significant improvement in the mean scores of information (98.62 ± 3.56), motivation (90.14 ± 3.02), actual skills (84.13 ± 8.76), and practices (85.80 ± 3.94), p = 0.001. CONCLUSION: The intervention based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model has demonstrated credible feasibility in significantly improving the climate change-related information, motivation, skills, and management practices of older adults immediately after the posttest. It should be emphasized that this improvement showed a significant decline at the six-week mark; albeit the study participants' scores remained significantly higher than their pre-test values, there is clearly a need for reinforcement to maintain positive outcomes over the long term. The existing outcomes call for replication of this intervention in other cohorts, such as uneducated older adults and those residing in assisted-living facilities.

Establishment of a safe disposal management program for home used sharp wastes from insulin injection among diabetic patients / 现代临床护理

Objective To establish a safe disposal management program for home used sharps waste of insulin injection so as to provide a reference for the standardised management of sharps waste after insulin.injection.Methods Based on the model of information-motivation-behavioural skills,the safe disposal management program for insulin needles used at home was developed by literature reviews and semi-structured interviews to investigate the perceptions and requirements of patients.The program was then modified and refined by two rounds of expert consultation with Delphi method.Results The effective retrieval rates of questionnaire for two rounds of expert consultations were 88.89%and 93.75%,with an expert authority coefficient at 0.93.In the second round,the mean importance scores of the items were 4.40 to 5.00,with a coefficient of variation ranged from 0 to 0.168.The established program consisted of three primary items,six secondary items,and 20 tertiary items.Conclusion The safe disposal management program for home used sharps waste of insulin injection established from the perspectives of information,motivation and behavioural skills was scientific and practical,which offered a guidance to healthcare professionals in the clinical practices.

Sublingual immunotherapy adherence in patients with allergic rhinitis: Effects of an intervention based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model.

Objective: This study aimed to confirm the efficacy of an intervention based on the information-motivation-behavior skills (IMB) model in improving the sublingual immunotherapy adherence score, medication beliefs score, self-efficacy score, and medication knowledge score of patients with allergic rhinitis. Methods: A total of 120 patients with allergic rhinitis from an otorhinolaryngology clinic were divided into the control group (n = 60) and experimental group (n = 60); the study was conducted from August 2021 to March 2022. The control group received routine intervention, whereas the experimental group received intervention based on the IMB model. The medication adherence, medication beliefs, self-efficacy, and medication knowledge levels of the two groups were evaluated at baseline, post-intervention, at 1-month follow-up, and at 3-month follow-up. Results: After intervention, a total of 116 patients completed the trial in the experimental and control groups (58 cases each). The results revealed differences in the scores of medication adherence, belief, self-efficacy, and knowledge between the two groups post-intervention, at 1-month follow-up, and at 3-month follow-up (P < 0.05). Further, the scores of the four indexes of the two groups were different with time, and better changes were noted among experimental group participants. Conclusion: Implementing interventions based on the IMB model for people receiving sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis can effectively improve patients' medication beliefs, self-efficacy, and knowledge of medication, thereby improving their medication adherence, ensuring efficacy, and providing medication care for outpatients.

Effectiveness of Program to Slow Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease Among T2DM With HT With CKD 3 in the Community: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant threat to the quality of life of the global population. Thus, slowing kidney disease progression is considered vital in the treatment of CKD patients. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a program designed to slow the progression of CKD among Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with HT with stage 3 CKD (CKD 3) in Thailand by adopting the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model and applying technology. This study was conducted as a cluster randomized controlled trial. The program activities comprised: (i) providing disease information and teaching behaviors to slow the progression of kidney disease to patients and family members via a 2-h session; (ii) teaching practical behavioral skills for appropriate diet and exercise to patients and family members via a 2-h session; (iii) enhancing personal motivation via the Line application and motivational interviewing via telephone calls; (iv) enhancing social motivation with the support of a family member; (v) employing technology to monitor behaviors and increase patient motivation; and (vi) assessing behaviors that were not practical, exploring barriers to behavior modification, and teaching further practical behavioral skills via the Line application. The data were analyzed using percentages, means, standard deviations, chi-square tests, t-tests, and a 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. The results showed that after the experiment, the experimental group had significantly higher mean scores in terms of knowledge, perceived benefits, perceived severity, self-efficacy, and behaviors to slow the progression of kidney disease than the control group (P < .05). Further, the experimental group had significantly better clinical outcomes (SBP, DBP, eGFR, BUN, creatinine, albuminuria, FBS, and HbA1c) than the control group (P < .05). In summary, the findings indicate that the program improved clinical outcomes, especially kidney function, effectively slowing the progression of kidney disease.

A Translational Approach to Increase Pulse Intake and Promote Public Health through Developing an Extension Bean Toolkit.

Practical, affordable solutions need to be implemented to address global challenges confronting human and environmental health. Despite a myriad of benefits for people and the planet, beans and other pulses (e.g., chickpeas, cowpeas, dry peas, lentils) are under-consumed. To better understand consumer concerns and interests, a Food Habits Survey was conducted and the findings were incorporated into the Colorado State University Extension Bean Toolkit. Guided by the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model, the toolkit included informational social media posts, cooking guidance, and an online class. A convenience sample of participants was recruited through Extension and university networks. After class participation, significant gains in knowledge of pulse nutrition, versatility, and cooking were observed, with an average increase of 1.5 points on a 5-point Likert scale (p < 0.001). Moreover, participants (n = 86) perceived a greater importance of motivators (e.g., nutrition, versatility, environmental benefits) and found barriers (e.g., flatulence, long cooking times, unfamiliarity) to be less discouraging. Most participants reported an intention to eat more pulses, and among those who completed the 1-month follow-up survey, pulse intake frequency increased (p = 0.004). Emphasizing motivating factors while simultaneously mitigating barriers to consumption can help reverse insufficient intake and promote healthy behavior change. Leveraging Extension or similar networks is one way to adopt a translational approach to better reach the public with this information.

Predictors of cancer screening behavior of the working population in China based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model.

Background: The cancer screening rate in the working population is very low in China. Information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model has been applied to elucidate screening behavior for various chronic diseases but has not been investigated in analyzing cancer screening behavior. This study aimed to examine factors influencing cancer screening behavior and their linkages based on the IMB model. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai, China from August to October 2021. Data were obtained through an anonymous questionnaire. Predictive relationships between variables in the IMB model and cancer screening behavior were evaluated. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was constructed to demonstrate the utility of the IMB model. Results: Among the 556 participants included in the analysis, 34.4% of participants had ever done a cancer screening. The construct validation analysis supported that the measure items included were acceptable. SEM found that knowledge of cancer warning signs and symptoms (ß = 0.563, p < 0.001) and cancer screening behavioral skills (ß = 0.264, p = 0.003) were related to participation in cancer screening, whereas cancer screening motivation was not directly influenced the participation in cancer screening (ß = - 0.075, p = 0.372). Conclusion: The cancer screening rate was found to be lower than expected in the working population. The IMB model could be used to make decisions in implementing behavioral interventions to participate in cancer screening among the Chinese working population. Enhancing the knowledge of cancer warning signs and symptoms and strengthening behavioral skills should be focused on to improve participation in cancer screening.

[Discourses about condom use and non-use among gay, bisexual men, and other men who have sex with men in two colombian cities.] / Discursos identificados sobre el uso y no uso del condón en hombres gais, bisexuales y otros hombres que tienen sexo con hombres en dos ciudades de Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: The HIV increase cases raises concern worldwide. This phenomenon is related, among other things, to sexual practices where condom use is limited. To achieve the eradication of AIDS, international organizations have been interested in analyzing and understanding the sexual practices of certain population groups, within these men who have sex with other men. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the discourses on the use and non-use of condoms held by a group of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBHSH) men from two cities in Colombia. METHODS: A qualitative study was carried out with data analysis through the iterative process, from the interpretation of the Information, Motivation and Behavioral Skills (IMB) model. The collection of information was carried out between 2020 and 2021 through in-depth interviews, virtually and in person, with a sample of 20 GBHSH from Colombia from the cities of Cali and Medellín. RESULTS: In the Information component, it was identified that traditional sexual education had a negative impact and was very focused on a cisheterosexual and reproductive perspective. Regarding Motivational, it was highlighted that the majority were oriented towards not using condoms and that perceiving a low risk of contracting an STI was the main motivation for not using condoms. Regarding Behavioral Skills, it was analyzed that distrust towards the sexual partner promoted its use, but the intensification of pleasure, added to the consumption of alcohol and drugs, caused its use to decrease. It was also evidenced that the use of drugs such as PreP or PEP discouraged condom use in relationships. CONCLUSIONS: The information on condom use revolves around cisheteronormative practices, leaving aside the care related to STIs. The motivation for not using condoms revolves around misinformation, pleasure and trust in the couple, while the motivation for condom use revolves around health care. The behavior regarding the non-use of condoms is related to the previous points, while misinformation and pleasure in non-use predominate.

OBJETIVO: El aumento de casos de VIH suscita preocupación a nivel mundial. Este fenómeno se relaciona, entre otras cosas, con prácticas sexuales en donde se limita el uso del condón. Para lograr la erradicación del sida, organismos internacionales se han interesado en analizar y comprender las prácticas sexuales de ciertos grupos poblacionales, dentro de estos, los hombres que tienen relaciones sexuales con otros hombres. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los discursos sobre el uso y no uso del condón que tenía un grupo de hombres gais, bisexuales y otros hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (GBHSH) de dos ciudades de Colombia. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con análisis de datos por medio del proceso iterativo, desde la interpretación del modelo Información, Motivación y Habilidades conductuales (IMB, por sus siglas en inglés). La recolección de la información se realizó entre los años 2020 y 2021 por medio de entrevistas en profundidad, de manera virtual y presencial, con una muestra de 20 GBHSH de Colombia de las ciudades de Cali y Medellín. RESULTADOS: En el componente Información se identificó que la educación sexual tradicional tenía un impacto negativo y muy enfocado a una mirada cisheterosexual y reproductiva. Respecto a lo Motivacional, se destacó que la mayoría se orientaban al no uso del condón y que percibir un bajo riesgo de contraer una ITS era la principal motivación del no uso del condón. Con relación a las Habilidades Conductuales se analizó que la desconfianza hacia la pareja sexual promovía su uso, pero la intensificación del placer, sumado al consumo de alcohol y drogas, hacía que su uso disminuyera. También se evidenció que el uso de fármacos como el PreP o el PEP desestimulaban el uso del condón en las relaciones. CONCLUSIONES: La información sobre el uso del condón gira alrededor de prácticas cisheteronormativas, dejando de lado los cuidados relacionados con las ITS. La motivación sobre el no uso del condón gira alrededor de la desinformación, el placer y la confianza en la pareja, mientras que la motivación para el uso del condón gira alrededor del cuidado a la salud. El comportamiento sobre el no uso del condón se relaciona con los puntos anteriores, en tanto que predominan la desinformación y placer en el no uso.

Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model Supplemented With the Moderated-Mediation Path: A Framework for Interpreting Patients' Online Medical Services Utilization.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the internal determinants affecting patients' utilization of online medical services (OMS) based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model from a behavioral perspective. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: This study was conducted in three medical institutions in Jiangsu Province, China. SUBJECTS: 470 internet users were enrolled from patients who came to the outpatient clinics. MEASURES: A self-administered questionnaire with feasible reliability and validity was used to investigate the demographic characteristics and OMS utilization-related information, motivation, behavioral skills, intention, and behavior. ANALYSIS: According to the constructed framework, structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships between those factors and OMS utilization behaviors. RESULTS: All direct paths are established except the path between information and intention. Information and motivation positively affected OMS utilization behavior through behavioral skills and intention (P < .001). Motivation and behavioral skills could positively influence OMS utilization behavior through intention (P < .01). Motivation was found to be the largest predictor of OMS utilization behavior. Moreover, gender played a moderating role in the interpretation of the behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions should be conducted regarding information, motivation, and behavioral skills to promote patients' use of OMS. At the same time, the impact of gender on intervention effectiveness should also be considered.

The effect of IMB model on CPR self-efficacy in high school students.

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is one of the health needs in school age using various new educational methods. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model on CPR self-efficacy in high school students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a semi-experimental study in which 56 high school students in Isfahan were randomly divided into two groups (28 students in each group): e-learning method and IMB model. The self-efficacy of high school students in CPR was evaluated using a CPR self-efficacy (18 items) before and two weeks after training in both groups. Data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 software using descriptive and analytical tests such as independent t-test and paired t-test. RESULTS: Independent t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the mean score of CPR self-efficacy in the two educational groups (P = 0.341). However, after intervention, there was a significant difference between the mean CPR self-efficacy scores between the two groups (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: According to the findings of the present study, the use of educational method based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model has improved the self-efficacy of high school students.

Discursos identificados sobre el uso y no uso del condón en hombres gais, bisexuales y otros hombres que tienen sexo con hombres en dos ciudades de Colombia / Discourses about condom use and non-use among gay, bisexual men, and other men who have sex with men in two colombian cities

FUNDAMENTOS: El aumento de casos de VIH suscita preocupación a nivel mundial. Este fenómeno se relaciona, entre otrascosas, con prácticas sexuales en donde se limita el uso del condón. Para lograr la erradicación del sida, organismos internacionalesse han interesado en analizar y comprender las prácticas sexuales de ciertos grupos poblacionales, dentro de estos, los hombresque tienen relaciones sexuales con otros hombres. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los discursos sobre el usoy no uso del condón que tenía un grupo de hombres gais, bisexuales y otros hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (GBHSH) de dosciudades de Colombia. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con análisis de datos por medio del proceso iterativo, desde la interpretación delmodelo Información, Motivación y Habilidades conductuales (IMB, por sus siglas en inglés). La recolección de la información se realizóentre los años 2020 y 2021 por medio de entrevistas en profundidad, de manera virtual y presencial, con una muestra de 20 GBHSHde Colombia de las ciudades de Cali y Medellín. RESULTADOS: En el componenteInformación se identificó que la educación sexual tradicional tenía un impacto negativo y muyenfocado a una mirada cisheterosexual y reproductiva. Respecto a loMotivacional, se destacó que la mayoría se orientaban al nouso del condón y que percibir un bajo riesgo de contraer una ITS era la principal motivación del no uso del condón. Con relación alasHabilidades Conductuales se analizó que la desconfianza hacia la pareja sexual promovía su uso, pero la intensificación del placer,sumado al consumo de alcohol y drogas, hacía que su uso disminuyera. También se evidenció que el uso de fármacos como el PrePo el PEP desestimulaban el uso del condón en las relaciones.CONCLUSIONES: Lainformación sobre el uso del condón gira alrededor de prácticas cisheteronormativas, dejando de ladolos cuidados relacionados con las ITS...(AU)

BACKGROUND: The HIV increase cases raises concern worldwide. This phenomenon is related, among other things, to sexual practices where condom use is limited. To achieve the eradication of AIDS, international organizations have been interested in analyzingand understanding the sexual practices of certain population groups, within these men who have sex with other men. In this sense,the objective of this study was to analyze the discourses on the use and non-use of condoms held by a group of gay, bisexual andother men who have sex with men (GBHSH) men from two cities in Colombia.METHODS: A qualitative study was carried out with data analysis through the iterative process, from the interpretation of the Information, Motivation and Behavioral Skills (IMB) model. The collection of information was carried out between 2020 and 2021 through in-depthinterviews, virtually and in person, with a sample of 20 GBHSH from Colombia from the cities of Cali and Medellín. RESULTS: In theInformation component, it was identified that traditional sexual education had a negative impact and was veryfocused on a cisheterosexual and reproductive perspective. RegardingMotivational, it was highlighted that the majority were orientedtowards not using condoms and that perceiving a low risk of contracting an STI was the main motivation for not using condoms. RegardingBehavioral Skills, it was analyzed that distrust towards the sexual partner promoted its use, but the intensification of pleasure,added to the consumption of alcohol and drugs, caused its use to decrease. It was also evidenced that the use of drugs such as PrePor PEP discouraged condom use in relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Theinformation on condom use revolves around cisheteronormative practices, leaving aside the care related toSTIs. Themotivation for not using condoms revolves around misinformation, pleasure and trust in the couple, while the motivationfor condom use revolves around health care...(AU)

Validation and adaption of an Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model of medication adherence in older patients with multimorbidity.

OBJECTIVE: To test and adapt the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model in explaining medication adherence for older patients with multimorbidity. METHODS: Older patients with at least three chronic conditions (N = 254) were recruited from community health centers in Changsha, China. All participants completed a self-administrated questionnaire assessing adherence information, personal motivation, social motivation, behavioral skills, medication adherence, depressive symptoms, medication treatment satisfaction, treatment burden, and disease burden. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the hypothesized models and relationships between variables. RESULTS: The final extended IMB model could explain 52.0% of the variance in adherence. Personal motivation (ß = 0.29, p < 0.001), behavioral skills (ß = 0.36, p < 0.001), and medication treatment satisfaction (ß = 0.23, p = 0.001) had a positive direct effect on adherence. Information, social motivation, personal motivation, medication treatment satisfaction, and treatment burden could also affect adherence indirectly through multiple pathways. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that an extended IMB model could be used to conceptualize determinants of medication adherence among older patients with multimorbidity. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Adherence improvement programs might be more effective if targeting psychosocial factors, including adherence information, motivation, behavioral skills, treatment burden, and medication treatment satisfaction.

Development and validation of the diabetic self-management scale based on information-motivation-behavioral skills theory.

Background: Self-management is important for the blood sugar control of middle-aged and elderly Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, of which diet, exercise, and drug compliance are the most common components. The Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model (IMB) has been widely used in health behavior management and intervention. Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop and validate the Diabetic Self-Management Scale (DSMS) based on the IMB model. Methods: Self-report survey data was collected from middle-aged and elderly T2DM patients in Zhongmu City, Henan Province, China in November 2021 using convenience sampling. The original DSMS was developed through a literature review and summary of previous similar scales using an inductive approach. Item modification was finished by a panel of specialists. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to evaluate the reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion validity of DSMS. Results: Four hundred and sixty nine T2DM patients completed the questionnaire survey. The final DSMS consists of 22 items with three dimensions, including information (five items), motivation (eight items), and behavior skills (nine items). The results of simple factor analysis showed that the KMO value was 0.839, Bartlett spherical test 2 = 3254.872, P < 0.001. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that 2/df = 2.261, RMSEA = 0.073, CFI = 0.937, TLI = 0.930, and SRMR = 0.096. The standardized factor loadings of 22 DSMS items were all above 0.6, and the CR values of 3 dimensions were all higher than 0.9. In addition, DSMS also showed good discriminant and criterion validity. Conclusion: The 22-item DSMS has good reliability and validity, and can be used to make diabetic self-management assessment regarding diet, physical activity, and medication among middle-aged and elderly Chinese T2DM patients. DSMS is of moderate length and easy to understand. It can be promoted in China in the future to understand the self-management status of middle-aged and elderly T2DM patients in China.

Comparing the Efficacy of a New Clinical Skills Model with a Traditional Method to Teach Tube Feeding of an Avian Patient.

Interactive clinical skills models have been demonstrated to be useful for teaching medical and veterinary clinical skills, yet to date, very few exist for teaching skills relevant to zoological companion animals and wildlife species including birds. This two-part study aimed to create, develop, and validate a model. Interviews and a survey were conducted using veterinary and wildlife professionals to select an avian clinical skill that is challenging and performed frequently. Tube/gavage feeding, or "crop tubing" satisfied both criteria; on average it was performed 71 times a year by surveyed respondents was rated 3.4/9 for difficulty of teaching and 3.5/9 for difficulty of learning. Therefore, a new model of a bird, made from a soft toy, silicone, and 3D printed parts, was designed to train students to perform this technique. Forty-two participants were recruited and divided into two groups; one used the model the other watched an instructional video on crop tubing. The students completed a self-evaluated confidence questionnaire, before and after, using either resource. They then performed the technique on a dead bird and their proficiency at 10 different actions that comprised the technique was evaluated by two assessors. The model group performed significantly better than the video group on all evaluated actions (U ≤ 143.5, p ≤ .0031), and reported significantly higher confidence (U = 129.5, p = 0.018). In conclusion, the newly developed model in combination with an instruction booklet offers an effective and inexpensive alternative way to teach crop tubing in a teaching environment, without compromising animal welfare.