Topical foam as a promising carrier system for active pharmaceutical ingredients: review of clinical studies.

Skin disorders are preferentially treated by topical administration of medicines or cosmetics because of the possibility of local action. However, a great concern is the delivery of topical actives with effective penetration through the stratum corneum to ensure the desired effect. Considering the search for a carrier system that allows the penetration/permeation of active pharmaceutical ingredients through this structure, searching for effective topical pharmaceutical forms is needed. Foams have been widely studied over the years due to their high capacity to favor the active to overcome the cutaneous barrier and because this form of presentation has ease of application and high acceptability by users. The objective of this review was to analyze the potential of foam as a topical pharmaceutical form for treating skin disorders, upon clinical cases reported in the literature. Foam presents technical advantages when compared to other conventional topical pharmaceutical forms due to its fast action, high tolerance, and safety, with reduction or total remission of adverse events. Regarding the patient, foam increased the rate of adherence to the treatment. Therefore, it is concluded that foam is an effective, secure, and stable topical presentation form for carrying active pharmaceutical ingredients and widely accepted by patients.

Current Applications and Benefits of Polymeric Nanocarriers for the Management of Skin Disorders.

Preparations for topical application are highly important for therapeutic and cosmetic use since the skin has an extensive and accessible application area. Among the many advantages, this route avoids the systemic effects of the substances and, therefore, fewer adverse reactions are observed. However, the skin is an organ with a remarkable barrier effect, which can compromise the administration of pharmacologically / cosmetologically active molecules. Thus, the skin permeability of substances is a challenge that is only achieved through the preparation of formulations capable of overcoming that same barrier. Nanotechnology was introduced in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic areas to enable the development of systems for the delivery of substances and the optimization of already existing formulations. Among the several benefits and advantages of nanotechnology for topical application is the increased penetration of the drug in the skin, the improvement of the stability of the active, decrease in the active substances (reducing the possible toxic effects and allergic reactions caused by the high concentration of these compounds), and even the intensification of the drug action. This manuscript reviews the topical delivery technologies based on polymeric nanocarriers (PNC) as nanoparticles (NP) and nanogels (NG) and their benefits for better efficacy in most common cutaneous disorders. It starts with skin properties, the aspects for the penetration of active ingredients in the skin and cutaneous penetration challenges, followed by a summary of strategies for skin penetration/permeation of drugs. Then, the focus of the current research was to review NPs and NGs explored for skin disorders management published during the last years.

3D-Printed Products for Topical Skin Applications: From Personalized Dressings to Drug Delivery.

3D printing has been widely used for the personalization of therapies and on-demand production of complex pharmaceutical forms. Recently, 3D printing has been explored as a tool for the development of topical dosage forms and wound dressings. Thus, this review aims to present advances related to the use of 3D printing for the development of pharmaceutical and biomedical products for topical skin applications, covering plain dressing and products for the delivery of active ingredients to the skin. Based on the data acquired, the important growth in the number of publications over the last years confirms its interest. The semisolid extrusion technique has been the most reported one, probably because it allows the use of a broad range of polymers, creating the most diverse therapeutic approaches. 3D printing has been an excellent field for customizing dressings, according to individual needs. Studies discussed here imply the use of metals, nanoparticles, drugs, natural compounds and proteins and peptides for the treatment of wound healing, acne, pain relief, and anti-wrinkle, among others. The confluence of 3D printing and topical applications has undeniable advantages, and we would like to encourage the research groups to explore this field to improve the patient's life quality, adherence and treatment efficacy.

Website Instrucional para Manejo Comportamental da Dermatite Atópica / Instructional Website for Behavioral Management of Atopic Dermatitis / Sitio Web Instructivo para el Manejo Conductual de la Dermatitis Atópica

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar o desenvolvimento de um website para ser utilizado como ferramenta de ensino e orientação de pais e cuidadores de crianças com dermatite atópica (DA). O estudo foi conduzido em três etapas: a) Levantamento de informações sobre DA; b) Elaboração de roteiros para o website e; c) Desenvolvimento do website. O website foi elaborado com ilustrações, gifs, textos curtos sobre a DA e orientações sobre como instruir as crianças nas situações de tratamento de modo interativo e acessível. Espera-se auxiliar cuidadores na melhora do manejo comportamental de crianças com DA na adesão ao tratamento.

This article aims to present the development of a website to be used as a learning and guidance tool for parents and caregivers of children with atopic dermatitis (AD). The study was conducted in three phases: a) collection of data related to AD; b) preparation of scripts for the website and; c) development of the website. The website was developed with pictures, animated gifs, brief texts about AD and guidance on how to instruct children during treatment situations in an accessible and interactive way. We aim to help caregivers in the improvement of behavioral management of children with AD on adherence to medical treatment.

Este artículo objetivo presentar la construcción de un sitio web como herramienta de aprendizaje y orientación de padres y/o cuidadores de niños con dermatitis atópica (DA). El estudio fue organizado en tres etapas: a) levantamiento de informaciones acerca de la DA, b) elaboración del guión para el sitio web y c) construcción del sitio web. El sitio web fue desarrollado con ilustraciones, animaciones en formato gif, textos breves sobre la DA y orientaciones sobre cómo instruir a los niños en las situaciones de tratamiento, en un formato interactivo y accesible. Se espera auxiliar cuidadores en la mejora del manejo conductual de niños con DA en la adhesión al tratamiento.

Ferulic Acid Activity in Topical Formulations: Technological and Scientific Prospecting.

INTRODUCTION: Ferulic acid is a phenolic compound widely distributed in monocotyledons, with several applications, especially in pharmaceutical and dermo-cosmetic industries. It has proven antioxidant and anti- inflammatory activities, among others, which are mainly ascribed to its molecular structure. The main factor that can lead to serious skin damages like inflammation, dryness, wrinkles, and cancer is the exposure to UV radiation that is responsible for an increased level of radical oxygen species. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to evaluate the application of ferulic acid in topical formulations and the technologies used to enhance its bioavailability and stability, as well as to get a clearer picture of its effects by in vivo and in vitro studies. METHODS: It covers technological publications in the WIPO, EPO, INPI, and USPTO databases and scientific publications in the PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Science Direct databases, exploring the trend and application of this compound by country and year of publication. RESULTS: Both the scientific and technological analyses showed the importance and tendency in the association of the Ferulic Acid and other vitamins and actives. The synergic effect certainly provides a better result, performance, and stability of the compounds, which cleared the great spectrum and applicability of the Ferulic Acid in topical formulations. CONCLUSION: The present literature survey revealed that ferulic acid exerts an important activity in several formulations for topical application and improved the stability and bioavailability when combined with new technologies and methods, showing an open path to target the treatment of skin disorders.

Negative Emotions in Skin Disorders: A Systematic Review.

The main purpose of this study is to describe how negative emotions were investigated in the sphere of dermatological diseases, in order (1) to summarize literature trends about skin disorders and emotions, (2) to highlight any imbalances between the most studied and neglected emotions, (3) and to offer directions for future research. A computerized literature search provided 41 relevant and potentially eligible studies. Results showed that the study of emotions in skin disease is limited to Sadness/depression and Fear/anxiety. The emotions of Anger and Disgust have been poorly explored in empirical studies, despite they could be theoretically considered a vulnerability factor for the development of skin disorders and the dermatological extreme consequences, as negative emotionality toward self and the pathological skin condition. The bibliometric qualitative analysis with VOSViewer software revealed that the majority of the studies have been focused on the relationships between vitiligo and Sadness/depression, dermatitis and Fear/anxiety, psoriasis, and Anger, suggesting the need of future research exploring Disgust and, in general, a wider emotional spectrum.

El objetivo principal de este estudio fue describir cómo se han investigado las emociones negativas en el ámbito de las enfermedades dermatológicas, con el fin de (1) resumir las tendencias de la literatura sobre las enfermedades de la piel y las emociones, (2) para resaltar las diferencias entre las emociones más estudiados y las más descuidadas y (3) ofrecer direcciones para futuras investigaciones. Una búsqueda bibliográfica computarizada proporcionó 41 estudios relevantes y potencialmente elegibles. Los resultados mostraron que el estudio de las emociones en la enfermedad de la piel se limita a Tristeza/depresión y Miedo/ansiedad. Las emociones de la ira y el asco han sido poco exploradas en estudios empíricos, a pesar de que teóricamente podrían considerarse un factor de vulnerabilidad para el desarrollo de enfermedades de la piel y las consecuencias dermatológicas extremas, como la emocionalidad negativa hacia uno mismo y la condición patológica de la piel. El análisis cualitativo bibliométrico con el software VOSViewer reveló que la mayoría de los estudios se han centrado en las relaciones entre vitiligo y Tristeza/depresión, dermatitis y Miedo/ansiedad, psoriasis e Ira, lo que sugiere la necesidad de futuras investigaciones que exploren asco y, en general, un espectro emocional más amplio.

Gestación gemelar en paciente con epidermolisis bullosa distrófica recesiva severa: revisión de la bibliografía en base a un caso clínico / Twin pregnancy in woman affected by severe recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: a case report and a literature review

La epidermolisis bullosa distrófica es un grupo de trastornos hereditarios de muy baja prevalencia que se caracterizan por una extrema fragilidad cutánea como consecuencia de una alteración de la cohesión de la unión epidermodérmica. Sin embargo, las manifestaciones clínicas van más allá de las lesiones cutáneas, habiéndose descrito afectación de la mayoría de aparatos y sistemas y siendo frecuente también cierto grado de desnutrición y anemia de origen multifactorial. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 34 años, secundigesta, con epidermólisis bullosa distrófica recesiva severa, gestante gemelar bicorial y biamniótica, que seguimos durante todo el embarazo y su finalización. La baja prevalencia de la enfermedad hace que el manejo de la gestación suponga un reto para el ginecobstetra. A pesar de que los casos publicados hacen creer que la gestación no modifica el curso natural de la enfermedad, lo cierto es que se recomienda que el embarazo sea seguido por un equipo multidisciplinar. Existen publicados casos en los que se finaliza la gestación por vía vaginal, sin embargo, no existe evidencia suficiente para considerar ésta como la vía de elección.

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is a group of hereditary disorders that has very low prevalence. It is characterized by an extreme cutaneous fragility as a consequence of a cohesion alteration of the epidermis and dermis junction. However, the clinical manifestations also affect other systems and organs, being able to cause malnutrition and anemia. We present the case of a 34-year-old woman affected by severe recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, with a bichorial and biamniotic twin pregnancy, whom we have followed throughout the pregnancy. The low prevalence of this disease makes the management of the pregnancy a challenge for the obstetrician. Although the published cases suggest that gestation does not modify the natural course of the disease, it is recommended that these pregnancies are monitored by a multidisciplinary team. Some published cases describe vaginal delivery. Nevertheless, it is not clear that this should be the first choice.

Silica-based nanosystems for therapeutic applications in the skin.

Aging, exposure to oxidants, infectious pathogens, inflammogens, ultraviolet radiation and other environmental and genetic factors can result in the development of various skin disorders. Despite immense progress being made in dermatological treatments, many skin-associated problems still remain difficult to treat and various therapies have limitations. Progress in silica-based nanomaterials research provides an opportunity to overcome these drawbacks and improve therapies and is a promising tool for inclusion in clinical practice to treat skin diseases. This review focuses on the use of various types of silica nanoparticles with therapeutic applications in various skin disorders. These nanosystems improve treatment efficacy by maintaining or enhancing the effect of several drugs and are useful tools for nanomedicine, pharmaceutical sciences and future clinical applications.

Nanoemulsion strategy of pioglitazone for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases.

Pioglitazone (PGZ) is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist. Its role in the inflammatory response modulation paves the way for additional therapeutic applications. The purpose of this study was to develop a pioglitazone nanoemulsion (PGZ-NE) in order to investigate its anti-inflammatory efficacy on the skin. To that end, an NE vehicle developed for skin delivery was optimized and characterized. The resulting PGZ-NE showed good anti-inflammatory efficacy by decreasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1ß and TNF-α. The properties of the developed nanocarrier allowed achievement of a high permeation flux of PGZ through the skin as well as a high retained amount in the skin, likely due to the depot effect of ingredients, which assured a prolonged local action, with good skin tolerability among participating individuals. Consequently, these results suggest that PGZ-NE may be used as an alternative treatment for inflammatory skin diseases such as rosacea, atopic dermatitis or psoriasis.

Limitations and Opportunities in Topical Drug Delivery: Interaction Between Silica Nanoparticles and Skin Barrier.

The first limiting barrier for the transport in the skin is the stratum corneum; different strategies have been developed to overcome this barrier, including chemical enhancers. However, these penetration enhancers have limitations, including toxic adverse effects. In this context, research into nanomaterials has provided new tools to increase the residence time of drugs by generating a reservoir, increasing the specificity of drugs and reducing their adverse effects, and improving the penetration of drugs that are difficult to formulate. Silica nanoparticles have been proposed as suitable nanocarriers for skin delivery. Unfortunately, the mechanisms involved in the interaction, transport and fate of silica nanoparticles in the skin have not been fully investigated. This paper reviews significant findings about the interaction between silica-based nanocarriers and the skin. First, this review focuses on the properties and functions of the skin, the skin penetration properties of silica nanoparticles, their synthesis strategies and their toxicity. Finally, advances and evidence on the application of silica nanocarriers in skin drug delivery are provided, in which the use of nanoparticles increases the stability and solubility of the bioactive compound, enhancing its performance, act as penetrator enhancer and improving controlled release. Thus, improving the treatment of some skin disorders.

Skin Delivery and in Vitro Biological Evaluation of Trans-Resveratrol-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Skin Disorder Therapies.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the skin delivery and in vitro biological activity of trans-resveratrol (RES)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). The SLNs were composed of stearic acid, poloxamer 407, soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC), an aqueous phase and 0.1% RES. The particle size, polydispersity index (PdI) and zeta potential were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The SLNs were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-FEG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In vitro RES-SLN skin permeation/retention assays were conducted, and their tyrosinase inhibitory activity was evaluated. An MTT reduction assay was performed on HaCat keratinocytes to determine in vitro cytotoxicity. The formulations had average diameter lower than 200 nm, the addition of SPC promoted increases in PdI in the RES-SLNs, but decreases PdI in the RES-free SLNs and the formulations exhibited zeta potentials smaller than -3 mV. The DSC analysis of the SLNs showed no endothermic peak attributable to RES. Microscopic analysis suggests that the materials formed had nanometric size distribution. Up to 45% of the RES permeated through the skin after 24 h. The RES-loaded SLNs were more effective than kojic acid at inhibiting tyrosinase and proved to be non-toxic in HaCat keratinocytes. The results suggest that the investigated RES-loaded SLNs have potential use in skin disorder therapies.

Hypopigmented macules of the limbs in two sisters: report on familial Bier spots

AbstractBier spots are asymptomatic, small, irregular, hypopigmented macules characterized by a normal histological appearance, which are usually found on the arms and legs of young adults. We describe the simultaneous presence of Bier spots in two siblings. This finding is unusual since, to the best of our knowledge, concurrent familial cases have never been reported in the literature.

Prevalencia de trastornos de la piel en niños que asisten a la escuela primaria en Diyarbakir, Turquía / Prevalence of skin disorders among primary school children in Diyarbakir, Turkey

Antecedentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de dermatosis pediátricas en Diyarbakir, provincia ubicada en la región sudeste de Turquía. Materiales y métodos. Este fue un estudio transversal realizado en abril de 2008 en alumnos que asistían a ocho escuelas primarias públicas de Diyarbakir seleccionadas al azar. Se examinó a los alumnos y se les administró un cuestionario para determinar el nivel socioeconómico y las características sociodemográficas. Resultados. Los dermatólogos evaluaron, en total, a 1932 alumnos. De ellos, 953 (49,32%) eran niñas, con una media de edad de 11,06 ± 2,13 años (rango: 6-17 años). La prevalencia puntual global de trastornos de la piel fue del 59,1%. En esta muestra, 776 niños (40,2%) tenían solamente una enfermedad de la piel, mientras que 299 (15,5%) tenían dos, y 67 (3,5%), al menos tres. La prevalencia puntual de los trastornos de la piel fue del 33,1% en los alumnos de primer grado y del 78,9% en los alumnos de octavo grado (p < 0,05). Las enfermedades de la piel más frecuentes fueron en primer lugar el eccema (32,8%), seguido de los trastornos de la pigmentación (17,2%), las infecciones cutáneas (13,4%), los trastornos del cuero cabelludo (10,1%) y el acné vulgar (9,6%). Las infecciones cutáneas, los trastornos de la pigmentación, los trastornos del cabello y del cuero cabelludo y el acné vulgar fueron mucho más frecuentes en las niñas que en los varones (p < 0,05). Además, las infecciones cutáneas fueron mucho más habituales en los alumnos pupilos que en los medio pupilos (p < 0,05). Conclusión. Los trastornos de la piel afectaron al 59,1% de los niños estudiados, y se observaron con mayor frecuencia en las niñas y en los pupilos. Es necesario prestar mayor atención a estos grupos a la hora de formular medidas preventivas.

Background. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of childhood dermatoses in Diyarbakir, which is located in the southeastern region of Turkey. Material and Method. This cross-sectional study was carried out in April 2008 among students of eight randomly selected public primary schools in Diyarbakir. Students were examined and questionnaire was applied to determine socioeconomic levels and socio-demographic features. Results. A total of 1932 students were examined by dermatologists. Nine hundred and fifty three (49.32%) girls, mean age was 11.06±2.13 (range 6-17). The overall point prevalence of skin disorders was 59.1%. Among this sample 776 children (40.2%) had only one skin disease whereas 299 (15.5%) had two and 67 (3.5%) had at least three. The point prevalence of skin disorders was 33.1% among students in grade 1 and 78.9% among students in grade 8 (p<0.05). The most common skin disease was eczema (32.8%), followed by pigmentation disorders (17.2%), skin infections (13.4%), scalp disorders (10.1%) and acne vulgaris (9.6%). Infectious skin problems, pigmentation disorders, hair and scalp disorders and acne vulgaris were more common among girls compared to boys (p<0.05). In addition, infectious skin problems were more common among boarders (p<0.05) compared to day students. Conclusion. Skin disorders affected 59.1% of the studied children. Skin disorders were more common among girls and boarders in this study, this group of children should be given specific attention in formulating preventive measures.

Prevalencia de trastornos de la piel en niños que asisten a la escuela primaria en Diyarbakir, Turquía / Prevalence of skin disorders among primary school children in Diyarbakir, Turkey

Antecedentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de dermatosis pediátricas en Diyarbakir, provincia ubicada en la región sudeste de Turquía. Materiales y métodos. Este fue un estudio transversal realizado en abril de 2008 en alumnos que asistían a ocho escuelas primarias públicas de Diyarbakir seleccionadas al azar. Se examinó a los alumnos y se les administró un cuestionario para determinar el nivel socioeconómico y las características sociodemográficas. Resultados. Los dermatólogos evaluaron, en total, a 1932 alumnos. De ellos, 953 (49,32%) eran niñas, con una media de edad de 11,06 ± 2,13 años (rango: 6-17 años). La prevalencia puntual global de trastornos de la piel fue del 59,1%. En esta muestra, 776 niños (40,2%) tenían solamente una enfermedad de la piel, mientras que 299 (15,5%) tenían dos, y 67 (3,5%), al menos tres. La prevalencia puntual de los trastornos de la piel fue del 33,1% en los alumnos de primer grado y del 78,9% en los alumnos de octavo grado (p < 0,05). Las enfermedades de la piel más frecuentes fueron en primer lugar el eccema (32,8%), seguido de los trastornos de la pigmentación (17,2%), las infecciones cutáneas (13,4%), los trastornos del cuero cabelludo (10,1%) y el acné vulgar (9,6%). Las infecciones cutáneas, los trastornos de la pigmentación, los trastornos del cabello y del cuero cabelludo y el acné vulgar fueron mucho más frecuentes en las niñas que en los varones (p < 0,05). Además, las infecciones cutáneas fueron mucho más habituales en los alumnos pupilos que en los medio pupilos (p < 0,05). Conclusión. Los trastornos de la piel afectaron al 59,1% de los niños estudiados, y se observaron con mayor frecuencia en las niñas y en los pupilos. Es necesario prestar mayor atención a estos grupos a la hora de formular medidas preventivas.(AU)

Background. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of childhood dermatoses in Diyarbakir, which is located in the southeastern region of Turkey. Material and Method. This cross-sectional study was carried out in April 2008 among students of eight randomly selected public primary schools in Diyarbakir. Students were examined and questionnaire was applied to determine socioeconomic levels and socio-demographic features. Results. A total of 1932 students were examined by dermatologists. Nine hundred and fifty three (49.32%) girls, mean age was 11.06±2.13 (range 6-17). The overall point prevalence of skin disorders was 59.1%. Among this sample 776 children (40.2%) had only one skin disease whereas 299 (15.5%) had two and 67 (3.5%) had at least three. The point prevalence of skin disorders was 33.1% among students in grade 1 and 78.9% among students in grade 8 (p<0.05). The most common skin disease was eczema (32.8%), followed by pigmentation disorders (17.2%), skin infections (13.4%), scalp disorders (10.1%) and acne vulgaris (9.6%). Infectious skin problems, pigmentation disorders, hair and scalp disorders and acne vulgaris were more common among girls compared to boys (p<0.05). In addition, infectious skin problems were more common among boarders (p<0.05) compared to day students. Conclusion. Skin disorders affected 59.1% of the studied children. Skin disorders were more common among girls and boarders in this study, this group of children should be given specific attention in formulating preventive measures.(AU)

Psoriasis lineal y vitiligo segmentario, manifestación sobrepuesta de dos enfermedades frecuentes / Lineal psoriasis and segmental vitiligo overlapped. Presentation of two frequent conditions

La asociación de psoriasis y vitiligo es un evento bien documentado, con una incidencia del 3%, según diferentes series de casos, aunque no hallamos trabajos de superposición de ambas enfermedades siguiendo las líneas de Blaschko, en la literatura revisada por nosotros. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 47 años de edad con lesiones de vitiligo en rostro y en abdomen, desde la infancia, que se distribuyeron sobre las líneas de Blaschko; después de 30 años aparecieron placas eritematoescamosas sobre las manchas acrómicas del abdomen, que clínica e histopatológicamente correspondieron a psoriasis y mejoraron parcialmente con fototerapia UVB de banda estrecha. La psoriasis y el vitiligo son entidades multifactoriales, poligénicas, que pueden exhibir patrones de mosaicismo cutáneo. Se han planteado algunas teorías para explicar este fenómeno, pero todavía no son conocidos todos los factores que influyen en este tipo de presentación.

The association of psoriasis and vitiligo is a well documented event, with an incidence of 3% according to different case series, but reports of an overlap of both diseases following Blaschko lines were not found in the reviewed literature. We present the case of a 47 years old woman with vitiligo lesions in the face and abdomen, starting since childhood, distributed over the Blaschko lines; thirty years later erythematous and squamous plaques appeared over the achromic macules of the abdominal region which were clinically and histopathologically compatible with psoriasis and improved partially with narrow band UVB phototherapy. Psoriasis and vitíligo are multifactorial and polygenic skin disorders that can show patterns of cutaneous mosaicism. Some theories have tried to explain this phenomenon, but the factors that influence this presentation are still unclear.

Psoriasis lineal y vitiligo segmentario, manifestación sobrepuesta de dos enfermedades frecuentes / Lineal psoriasis and segmental vitiligo overlapped. Presentation of two frequent conditions

La asociación de psoriasis y vitiligo es un evento bien documentado, con una incidencia del 3%, según diferentes series de casos, aunque no hallamos trabajos de superposición de ambas enfermedades siguiendo las líneas de Blaschko, en la literatura revisada por nosotros. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 47 años de edad con lesiones de vitiligo en rostro y en abdomen, desde la infancia, que se distribuyeron sobre las líneas de Blaschko; después de 30 años aparecieron placas eritematoescamosas sobre las manchas acrómicas del abdomen, que clínica e histopatológicamente correspondieron a psoriasis y mejoraron parcialmente con fototerapia UVB de banda estrecha. La psoriasis y el vitiligo son entidades multifactoriales, poligénicas, que pueden exhibir patrones de mosaicismo cutáneo. Se han planteado algunas teorías para explicar este fenómeno, pero todavía no son conocidos todos los factores que influyen en este tipo de presentación.(AU)

The association of psoriasis and vitiligo is a well documented event, with an incidence of 3% according to different case series, but reports of an overlap of both diseases following Blaschko lines were not found in the reviewed literature. We present the case of a 47 years old woman with vitiligo lesions in the face and abdomen, starting since childhood, distributed over the Blaschko lines; thirty years later erythematous and squamous plaques appeared over the achromic macules of the abdominal region which were clinically and histopathologically compatible with psoriasis and improved partially with narrow band UVB phototherapy. Psoriasis and vitíligo are multifactorial and polygenic skin disorders that can show patterns of cutaneous mosaicism. Some theories have tried to explain this phenomenon, but the factors that influence this presentation are still unclear.(AU)

Topical anti-inflammatory potential of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo l.) seed oil on acute and chronic skin inflammation in mice / Topical anti-inflammatory potential of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seed oil on acute and chronic skin inflammation in mice

Background: Inflammation is an adaptive response that is triggered by noxious stimuli and conditions, which involves interactions amongst many cell types and mediators, and underlies many pathological process. Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) can influence inflammation through a variety of mechanisms, and have been indicated as alternative anti-inflammatory agents to treat several inflammatory skin disorders. Pumpkin seed oil (PSO) is rich in UFAs, but its topical anti-inflammatory properties have not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of PSO on acute and chronic cutaneous inflammation experimental models. Materials, Methods & Results: PSO was purchased commercially and analyzed phytochemically. The topical anti-inflammatory activity of PSO at different concentrations was evaluated on acute models (xylene- and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema) and chronic model (multiple applications of oxazolone-induced dermatitis) in mice. Indomethacin and dexamethasone were used as reference drugs. The ear swelling was measured in both ear thickness (µm) and weight tissue (mg) at 1 and 4 h after xylene and TPA application, respectively. In the chronic model, the effectiveness of treatments was measured each 24 h post-challenge with oxazolone for 4 days. At the end of experiments, ear biopsies were assessed by histologica

Background: Inflammation is an adaptive response that is triggered by noxious stimuli and conditions, which involves interactions amongst many cell types and mediators, and underlies many pathological process. Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) can influence inflammation through a variety of mechanisms, and have been indicated as alternative anti-inflammatory agents to treat several inflammatory skin disorders. Pumpkin seed oil (PSO) is rich in UFAs, but its topical anti-inflammatory properties have not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of PSO on acute and chronic cutaneous inflammation experimental models. Materials, Methods & Results: PSO was purchased commercially and analyzed phytochemically. The topical anti-inflammatory activity of PSO at different concentrations was evaluated on acute models (xylene- and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema) and chronic model (multiple applications of oxazolone-induced dermatitis) in mice. Indomethacin and dexamethasone were used as reference drugs. The ear swelling was measured in both ear thickness (µm) and weight tissue (mg) at 1 and 4 h after xylene and TPA application, respectively. In the chronic model, the effectiveness of treatments was measured each 24 h post-challenge with oxazolone for 4 days. At the end of experiments, ear biopsies were assessed by histologica

Topical anti-inflammatory potential of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo l) seed oil on acute and chronic skin inflammation in mice

Background: Inflammation is an adaptive response that is triggered by noxious stimuli and conditions, which involves interactions amongst many cell types and mediators, and underlies many pathological process. Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) can infl uence inflammation through a variety of mechanisms, and have been indicated as alternative anti-inflammatory agents to treat several inflammatory skin disorders. Pumpkin seed oil (PSO) is rich in UFAs, but its topical anti-inflammatory properties have not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of PSO on acute and chronic cutaneous inflammation experimental models. Materials, Methods & Results: PSO was purchased commercially and analyzed phytochemically. The topical anti-inflammatory activity of PSO at different concentrations was evaluated on acute models (xylene- and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema) and chronic model (multiple applications of oxazolone-induced dermatitis) in mice. Indomethacin and dexamethasone were used as reference drugs. The ear swelling was measured in both ear thickness (µm) and weight tissue (mg) at 1 and 4 h after xylene and TPA application, respectively. In the chronic model, the effectiveness of treatments was measured each 24 h post-challenge with oxazolone for 4 days. At the end of experiments, ear biopsies were assessed by histological analysis on hematoxylin-eosin- and toluidine blue-stained slides. Data were submitted to ANOVA followed Student Newman Keuls test (P < 0.05). PSO was characterized by a high content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) (79.80%), including linoleic acid (ω-6, 55.83%) and oleic acid (ω-9, 23.47%). PSO caused a dose-dependent inhibition of xylene and TPA-induced ear edema in both skin thickness and weight when compared to respective positive controls (P < 0.05). This anti-inflammatory effects was maximum when PSO was applied in nature (inhibition of 69.9 ± 2.8% and 78.1 ± 7.7% for inflammation induced by xylene and TPA, respectively; P < 0.05), and was similar to, at least, one drug reference (P < 0.05). In addition, the topical treatment with PSO caused the inhibition of inflammation-induced by oxazolone in 60.9 ± 9.8% when compared to control positive (P < 0.05), which was similar to dexamethasone (68.7 ± 8.1%, P < 0.05). In histological analysis, PSO reduced the inflammatory parameters (edema, congestion, epidermal hyperplasia and cellular infiltration) in inflammation models studied. However, the number of mastocytes in cell infiltration was reduced (17.6 ± 4.0) when compared to positive control (39.4 ± 5.8 cells) in chronic model (P < 0.05), but no differences were observed in acute models. Discussion: Topical anti-inflammatory activity of plant-originated substances can be evaluated in several experimental models. In this study, we used as phlogistic agents: xylene, a promoter of neurogenic inflammation; TPA, a phorbol ester that activate protein kinase C, leading to production of lipid-derived mediators; and oxazolone, an inductor of contact delayed-type hypersensitivity. Our results suggest that PSO alter inflammatory response via modulation of cellular and molecular mediators involved in inflammatory pathways activated by theses phlogistic agents. In addition, this oil was able to resolve a persistent inflammatory lesion similar to dexamethasone, but we did not observe any cutaneous alterations caused by its topical use as related for corticosteroids. This is the first report on topical anti-inflammatory potential of PSO in acute and chronic skin inflammation. This activity may be attributed the proper balance of ω-6 and ω-9 UFAs present in PSO, suggesting this oil as alternative therapy for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. Further investigations are needed to support its application in clinical practice.

Topical anti-inflammatory potential of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo l.) seed oil on acute and chronic skin inflammation in mice / Topical anti-inflammatory potential of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seed oil on acute and chronic skin inflammation in mice

Background: Inflammation is an adaptive response that is triggered by noxious stimuli and conditions, which involves interactions amongst many cell types and mediators, and underlies many pathological process. Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) can influence inflammation through a variety of mechanisms, and have been indicated as alternative anti-inflammatory agents to treat several inflammatory skin disorders. Pumpkin seed oil (PSO) is rich in UFAs, but its topical anti-inflammatory properties have not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of PSO on acute and chronic cutaneous inflammation experimental models. Materials, Methods & Results: PSO was purchased commercially and analyzed phytochemically. The topical anti-inflammatory activity of PSO at different concentrations was evaluated on acute models (xylene- and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema) and chronic model (multiple applications of oxazolone-induced dermatitis) in mice. Indomethacin and dexamethasone were used as reference drugs. The ear swelling was measured in both ear thickness (µm) and weight tissue (mg) at 1 and 4 h after xylene and TPA application, respectively. In the chronic model, the effectiveness of treatments was measured each 24 h post-challenge with oxazolone for 4 days. At the end of experiments, ear biopsies were assessed by histologica

Background: Inflammation is an adaptive response that is triggered by noxious stimuli and conditions, which involves interactions amongst many cell types and mediators, and underlies many pathological process. Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) can influence inflammation through a variety of mechanisms, and have been indicated as alternative anti-inflammatory agents to treat several inflammatory skin disorders. Pumpkin seed oil (PSO) is rich in UFAs, but its topical anti-inflammatory properties have not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of PSO on acute and chronic cutaneous inflammation experimental models. Materials, Methods & Results: PSO was purchased commercially and analyzed phytochemically. The topical anti-inflammatory activity of PSO at different concentrations was evaluated on acute models (xylene- and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema) and chronic model (multiple applications of oxazolone-induced dermatitis) in mice. Indomethacin and dexamethasone were used as reference drugs. The ear swelling was measured in both ear thickness (µm) and weight tissue (mg) at 1 and 4 h after xylene and TPA application, respectively. In the chronic model, the effectiveness of treatments was measured each 24 h post-challenge with oxazolone for 4 days. At the end of experiments, ear biopsies were assessed by histologica