A healthy balance: the ratio of social support-to-demands is associated with metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased risk for negative health events, decrements in quality of life, and greater health costs. The current study sought to identify whether the ratio of social support to social demands across multiple relationship types (spouse, friends, children, or other family members) were associated with concurrent metabolic syndrome in a nationally representative sample of US adults ages 32-40. Results indicate that the ratio of total social support to social demands was associated with a greater likelihood of meeting criteria for metabolic syndrome, even after statistically controlling for the effects of race, ethnicity, sex, age, income, and prior metabolic syndrome. When considering the relative contributions of each relationship type, greater support relative to demands from friends was the only relationship type that was significantly independently associated with lower likelihood of metabolic syndrome. Although not statistically significant, a trend-level negative association with spousal support/demands emerged, as did a trend-level positive association with support/demands from children. Taken together, the current study reaffirms the relevance of considering social support and demands with regards to metabolic syndrome and highlights the ways in which specific relationships may differentially relate to health risk.

Seeking contexts that promote neurodiverse social success: Patterns of behavior during minimally-structured interaction settings in autistic and non-autistic youth.

While peer interaction differences are considered a central feature of autism, little is known regarding the nature of these interactions via directly-observed measurement of naturalistic (i.e., minimally-structured) groups of autistic and non-autistic adolescent peers. 148 autistic and non-autistic adolescents (111 male, Mage = 14.22, SDage = 1.90; MIQ = 103.22, SDIQ = 15.80) participated in a 50-minute, minimally-structured, naturalistic peer interaction paradigm with activities of varying social demands: an incidental social demand (eating in a room with peers), a physical social demand (playing a physically-interactive game), and a verbal social demand (playing a verbal game). While autistic youth exhibited fewer overall interaction behaviors than non-autistic youth, the two groups did not differ in amount of positive, negative, and low-level interaction behaviors. Within activities, autistic and non-autistic youth only differed in positive interaction behaviors during the context of a verbal social demand. Youth who displayed more positive interaction behaviors during this same activity had less autism spectrum disorder symptomatology, controlling for nested group effects and relevant covariates. These results point toward subtle differences in social demands across naturalistic settings that can either support or impede prosocial interaction for autistic youth, providing a guidepost for identifying settings that best promote social success for neurodiverse populations.

Construction and practice of undergraduate training mode for clinical pharmacy specialty based on outcome-based education / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To introduce the construction of undergraduate specialty of clinical pharmacy based on the concept of outcome-based education （OBE），and to provide new idea and enlightenment for the construction of undergraduate specialty of clinical pharmacy in Chinese universities. METHODS Through the establishment and construction of training objectives and graduation requirements ，teaching reform was designed and implemented ，and the construction of teaching support system and teaching quality assurance system were completed. RESULTS The clinical pharmacy department of our university established the training direction of clinical pharmacy talents under the guidance of post competence ，including clarifying the training needs of undergraduate talents based on the overall requirements of national undergraduate education ；defining the social and industrial needs of clinical pharmacy talents based on the normative documents or concepts of clinical pharmacy ；clarifying the post and ability needs of clinical pharmacy talents based on the investigation of graduates and clinical pharmacists ；clarifying the development needs of clinical pharmacy based on the current situation and trends at home and abroad ；forming characteristic training objectives combined with the regional characteristics and school positioning ， so as to construct training objectives and graduation requirements. The OBE concept was introduced into the undergraduate teaching reform of clinical pharmacy ；the pharmacy talent training direction were established under the guidance of post competence ；the training system was designed by reverse design method；a training mode of both innovation and practical ability was built so as to promote teaching reform ，strengthen the construction of grass-roots teaching organizations and teaching staff ， and improve the construction of teaching quality assurance system. CONCLUSIONS The undergraduate training mode of clinical pharmacy specialty based on the concept of OBE is helpful to improve students ’personal comprehensive quality and professional knowledge and skills. The established undergraduate training model of clinical pharmacy specialty is in line with the modern educational concept and social needs ，and provides theoretical basis and practical experience for the training mode of clinical pharmacy professionals.

Factors influencing perceptions of aquatic ecosystems.

While factors influencing perceptions of drinking water have been well studied, those of aquatic ecosystems have been to lesser extent. We conducted a review to improve awareness of these factors. Environmental factors found to influence public perceptions of aquatic ecosystems were presence/absence of water plants and algae, presence/absence of floating debris, the odor, movement (for flowing waters) and clarity/turbidity of the water, and the type, condition, setting, naturalness, and overall aesthetic appeal of the ecosystem. Sociocultural factors found to influence public perceptions of aquatic ecosystems included age, education, gender, and place-based knowledge. We provide perspectives of how managers can better meet the diverse social demands placed on aquatic ecosystems. The importance and benefits of considering these perspectives may be especially beneficial where significant multi-generational and culturally relevant place-based knowledge exist.

As expressões das desigualdades sociais e econômicas no contexto da UTI Adulto: desafios profissionais à integralidade do cuidado / The expressions of social and economic inequalities in the context of the Adult ICU: professional challenges to integral care

Esse artigo objetiva problematizar elementos das expressões das desigualdades sociais e econômicas evidenciadas no contexto da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) Adulto do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL), destacando algumas estratégias construídas pela equipe multiprofissional para o enfrentamento às demandas sociais apresentadas pelos/as usuários/as tendo por escopo a integralidade do cuidado. É produto de uma pesquisa documental e de campo, orientada pelo método dialético-crítico e desenvolvida durante a Residência Multiprofissional (2017-2019). Caracteriza-se pela abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, através da realização de entrevistas semi estruturadas com a equipe multiprofissional, e análise documental nos prontuários dos/as usuários/as da UTI, dados submetidos à técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados apontam que a equipe multiprofissional da UTI Adulto do HUOL tem construído estratégias para o enfrentamento das demandas sociais, das quais se destacam as visitas e as intervenções multiprofissionais, e a inserção dessa equipe no processo de programação de alta da Unidade em questão, haja vista que são importantes estratégias para a integralidade da assistência. Contudo, nota-se que há necessidade de maior investimento na compreensão das condições sociais e econômicas atreladas ao adoecimento, agravamento do quadro clínico e internações hospitalares para contribuir na melhoria na organização dos processos de trabalho na UTI com vistas a qualificar o cuidado em saúde

This article aims to problematize elements of the expressions of social and economic inequalities evidenced in the context of the Adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL), highlighting some strategies constructed by the multiprofessional team to face the social demands presented by the users with the scope of comprehensive care. It is the product of documentary and field research, guided by the dialectical-critical method and developed during the Multiprofessional Residence (2017-2019). It is characterized by a quantitative and qualitative approach, through semi-structured interviews with the multiprofessional team, and document analysis in the charts of the ICU users, data submitted to the Content Analysis technique. The results show that the multiprofessional team of the Adult ICU of HUOL has built strategies to face social demands, which include visits and multiprofessional interventions, and the insertion of this team in the discharge planning process of the Unit in question, given that are important strategies for comprehensive care. However, it is noted that there is a need for greater investment in understanding the social and economic conditions linked to illness, worsening of the clinical condition and hospital admissions to contribute to the improvement in the organization of work processes in the ICU with a view to qualifying health care

Difficult People: Who Is Perceived to Be Demanding in Personal Networks and Why Are They There?

Why do people maintain ties with individuals whom they find difficult? Standard network theories imply that such alters are avoided or dropped. Drawing on a survey of over 1,100 diverse respondents who described over 12,000 relationships, we examined which among those ties respondents nominated as a person whom they "sometimes find demanding or difficult." Those so listed composed about 15 percent of all alters in the network. After holding ego and alter traits constant, close kin, especially women relatives and aging parents, were especially likely to be named as difficult alters. Non-kin described as friends were less, and those described as co-workers more, likely to be listed only as difficult alters. These results suggest that normative and institutional constraints may force people to retain difficult and demanding alters in their networks. We also found that providing support to alters, but not receiving support from those alters, was a major source of difficulty in these relationships. Furthermore, the felt burden of providing support was not attenuated by receiving assistance, suggesting that alters involved in reciprocated exchanges were not less often labeled difficult than were those in unreciprocated ones. This study underlines the importance of constraints in personal networks.

Entre o regime civil-militar e a atualidade: das demandas sociais históricas aos rolezinhos / Between the civil-military regime and the Actuality: the historic social demands to rolezinhos / Entre el Regimen civil-militar y la actualidad: de las demandas sociais históricas a los rolezinhos / Entre le régime civilo-militaire et l'actualité: les demandes sociales historiques à rolezinhos

Este artigo visa avaliar como as transformações estruturais sofridas pelo Estado brasileiro a partir do regime de exceção iniciado em 1964, passando pela abertura de mercado a partir de 1990 e a disseminação de novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação desde os anos 2000, mudaram as formas de organização e pressão social aos governos por demandas, tendo por base a análise de um estudo de caso: os rolezinhos.(AU)

This research aims to study how the structural transformations undergone by the Brazilian government, starting with the exception scheme beginning in 1964, through the market opening since 1990 and the spread of new information technologies and communication since 2000, changed the forms of the organization and social pressure on governments by demands, based on the analysis of a case study: the rolezinhos.(AU)

Esa investigación se propone a evaluar cómo los cambios estructurales del Estado brasileño, desde el regimén de excepción empezado en 1964, a través de la apertura del mercado desde 1990 y la difusión de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación desde el año 2000, cambió las formas organización y la presión social sobre los gobiernos por las demandas, basando en el análisis de un estudio de caso: los rolezinhos.(AU)

Cet article vise à évaluer comment les transformations structurelles subies par l'État brésilien depuis le régime d'exception démarré à partir de 1964, en passent par l'ouverture du marché depuis 1990 et par la diffusion des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication depuis les années 2000, ont changé les formes d'organisation et pression sociale sur les gouvernements pour demandes sociales, ayant comme base l'analyse d'un étude de cas: les rolezinhos.(AU)

Entre o regime civil-militar e a atualidade: das demandas sociais históricas aos rolezinhos / Between the civil-military regime and the Actuality: the historic social demands to rolezinhos / Entre el Regimen civil-militar y la actualidad: de las demandas sociais históricas a los rolezinhos / Entre le régime civilo-militaire et l'actualité: les demandes sociales historiques à rolezinhos

Este artigo visa avaliar como as transformações estruturais sofridas pelo Estado brasileiro a partir do regime de exceção iniciado em 1964, passando pela abertura de mercado a partir de 1990 e a disseminação de novas tecnologias da informação e comunicação desde os anos 2000, mudaram as formas de organização e pressão social aos governos por demandas, tendo por base a análise de um estudo de caso: os rolezinhos...

This research aims to study how the structural transformations undergone by the Brazilian government, starting with the exception scheme beginning in 1964, through the market opening since 1990 and the spread of new information technologies and communication since 2000, changed the forms of the organization and social pressure on governments by demands, based on the analysis of a case study: the rolezinhos...

Esa investigación se propone a evaluar cómo los cambios estructurales del Estado brasileño, desde el regimén de excepción empezado en 1964, a través de la apertura del mercado desde 1990 y la difusión de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación desde el año 2000, cambió las formas organización y la presión social sobre los gobiernos por las demandas, basando en el análisis de un estudio de caso: los rolezinhos...

Cet article vise à évaluer comment les transformations structurelles subies par l'État brésilien depuis le régime d'exception démarré à partir de 1964, en passent par l'ouverture du marché depuis 1990 et par la diffusion des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication depuis les années 2000, ont changé les formes d'organisation et pression sociale sur les gouvernements pour demandes sociales, ayant comme base l'analyse d'un étude de cas: les rolezinhos...

Hasta que mi corazón ya no aguantó / Until my heart couldn't stand it anymore

Antecedentes: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son una de las primeras causas de muerte en la mujer en el mundo. La violencia contra la mujer es un problema de salud pública que tiene como consecuencia serios efectos en su salud. El desarrollo de enfermedades puede estar relacionado con el sexo, pero tambien con factores sociales, culturales, ambientales, como la violencia contra la mujer, que contribuyen al desarrollo de éstos y en especial del Síndrome Coronario Agudo. Objetivo: Identificar en sus discursos las causas a las que atribuyen las mujeres atendidas en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, el haber tenido uno o más episodios de Síndrome Coronario Agudo en su modalidad de Infarto Agudo de Miocardio. Metodología: El método empleado fue la fenomenología y el enfoque de género. Se llevó a cabo un análisis secundario de datos, de acuerdo al esquema propuesto por Miles y Huberman. Hallazgos y discusión: De las cinco mujeres seleccionadas, tres identificaron situaciones o causas previas al evento coronario. Las dos grandes categorías identificadas son "situaciones conflictivas previas al infarto" y "todo lo que traigo arrastrando" (los cautiverios de las mujeres). Conclusiones: Las causas o situaciones que tienen relación con el Infarto Agudo de Miocardio están vinculadas con la condición de género; se trata de situaciones o conflictos que tienen que ver con el papel que desempeñan como mujeres a través del cumplimiento de roles, estereotipos y exigencias socialmente impuestas. Las mujeres se esforzaban en atender a su familia, se sentían responsables de otras personas y de cumplir con éstas. El cuidado era dirigido hacia los demás tratando de cumplir con los papeles tradicionales de ser mujer.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death in women in the world. Violence against women is a public health problem that results in serious health effects. The development of diseases can be related to sex, but also to social, cultural, environmental factors, such as violence against women, which contribute to their development and especially Acute Coronary Syndrome. Objective: To identify in their speeches the causes attributed to women treated at the Ignacio Chavez National Institute of Cardiology, having had one or more episodes of Acute Coronary Syndrome in their modality of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Methodology: The method used was phenomenology and the gender approach. A secondary data analysis was carried out, according to the scheme proposed by Miles and Huberman. Findings and discussion: Of the five women selected, three identified situations or causes prior to the coronary event. The two main categories identified are "conflict situations prior to the infarction" and "everything that I carry with me" (women's captivity). Conclusions: The causes or situations that are related to Acute Myocardial Infarction are linked to the gender condition; these are situations or conflicts that have to do with the role they play as women through the fulfillment of socially imposed roles, stereotypes and demands. Women struggled to care for their family, felt responsible for other people and to comply with them. The care was directed towards others trying to fulfill the traditional roles of being a woman.

Transformando as demandas sociais em espaços terapêuticos / Transforming social demands into therapeutic spaces / Transformando las demandas sociales en espacios terapéuticos

A transmissão e representação dos vínculos sociais, suas repercussões para o psiquismo e relações interpessoais, apontam insegurança, confusão e a necessidade de novos espaços e instrumentos terapêuticos. Os avanços tecnológicos e dos meios de comunicação, imprimiram grande velocidade às transformações vividas pela Cultura contemporânea, repercutindo nas famílias e instituições além de comprometer sua função de comunicar e transmitir valores e compromissos, inerentes aos diferentes tipos de vínculos. As demandas de elaboração das mudanças e transmissão de valores em diferentes contextos chamam a atenção para a comunicação, a clareza na transmissão das regras e expectativas, para os ritos e mitos, segundo as autoras. Para fazer frente à perda da segurança dos modelos instituídos da vida social, propõe o grupo e o referencial vincular, como instrumentos para ampliar e flexibilizar as possibilidades de atuação nos diferentes ciclos vitais, nos rituais de passagem, na comunicação, até no uso da linguagem. Fica pois o convite, para a criação e discussão de possibilidades inexploradas.

The transmission and representation of social binds its repercussion for psychological development and inter personal relationship, point out to insecurity, confusion and the need of new spaces and therapeutic instruments. Technological development and new ways of communication, pushed great velocity to contemporaneous Culture transformations, interfering with families and institutions, besides of compromising its functions of communicate values and commitments, as part of various types of bonds. Social demands of working trough changes and its meanings, values transmission on different contexts, ask for attention on communication, and clarity in transmission of rules and expectations, into rituals and myths says the authors. To face the lost of security on institutionalized patterns, they propose working on groups and binds, as instruments for extend and get more flexibility and possibilities of working on vital cycles, in passage rituals, on communication and even on language use. So, the invitation is for creating and to discuss unexplored possibilities for social demands.

La transmisión y representación de los vínculos sociales, sus repercusiones para el desarrollo psíquico y relaciones interpersonales, apuntan inseguridad, confusión y la necesidad de nuevos espacios y instrumentos terapéuticos. Los avanços tecnológicos y de los medios de comunicación, imprimieron grande velocidad a las transformaciones vividas pela cultura contemporánea, repercutiendo en las familias y instituciones además de comprometer sus funciones de comunicar y transmitir valores y compromisos inherentes a los diferentes tipos de vínculos. Las demandas de significación, elaboración de las mudanzas y transmisión de valores en distintos contextos,llaman la atención para la comunicación, la clareza en la transmisión de las reglas y expectativas, para los rituales y mitos, segundo las autoras. Para hacer frente a la pérdida de la segurança de los modelos instituidos de la vida social, proponen lo grupo y lo referencial vincular, como instrumentos para ampliar y flexibilizar las posibilidades de actuación con los diferentes ciclos vitales, los rituales de pasaje, la comunicación y mismo en lo uso de la linguagem. Fica así, la invitación para la creación y la discusión de posibilidades inexploradas.

Formação em psicologia e as novas demandas sociais: relato dos egressos da Universidade de Fortaleza / Psychology graduation and new social demands: reports from graduates of the University of Fortaleza

O presente artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a formação do psicólogo tomando como referencia o discurso dos egressos do curso de psicologia da Universidade de Fortaleza - UNIFOR - universidade privada mantida pela Fundação Edson Queiroz, a fim de verificar se a formação profissional responde às demandas sociais da região. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de questionários enviados a todos os egressos que concluíram o curso no período compreendido entre 2001 e 2005, totalizando 436 indivíduos. Dos 60 respondentes, correspondendo a 13 por cento do total de egressos do período, 81,7 por cento atuam como psicólogos e 18,3 por cento trabalham em atividades não relacionadas à psicologia ou estão momentaneamente desempregados. As áreas de atuação desses profissionais dividem-se em psicologia organizacional e do trabalho (35,8 por cento); psicologia clínica (30,6 por cento); psicologia social/saúde/comunitária (20 por cento) e; psicologia escolar (12 por cento). Muitos profissionais atuam em duas ou até três áreas diferentes em locais distintos ou em duas atividades em um mesmo local. A partir dos dados coletados observa-se o enriquecimento das práticas profissionais do psicólogo, principalmente direcionadas aos campos sociais e da saúde, focalizando o sofrimento da população e colocando em debate a formação do profissional de psicologia diante das demandas sociais surgidas nas últimas décadas. Os resultados encontrados podem contribuir para a questão da reestruturação curricular dos cursos de psicologia, posto terem possibilitado avaliar o percurso acadêmico dos egressos, bem como as demandas sociais feitas aos profissionais da área, abrindo novas diretrizes para o planejamento de oportunidades de reciclagens sistemáticas e contínuas.(AU)

The present article aims to discuss the professional training in psychology, taking as a reference the opinions and professional life of students recently graduated from the Universidade de Fortaleza - UNIFOR (University of Fortaleza), belonging to Fundação Edson Queiroz (a nonprofit foundation), in order to investigate if the training meets the social local demands. A survey was carried out by means of questionnaires sent to all students graduated between 2001 and 2005: a total of 436 professionals. Of the 60 psychologists who answered the survey, corresponding to 13 percent of the total population of students graduated in the period, 81,7 percent work as psychologists whereas 18,3 percent work in activities not related to psychology or are currently unemployed. The areas in which these professionals work are divided in organizational and work psychology (35,8 percent); clinic (30,6 percent); social psychology/health/community (20 percent) and school psychology (12 percent). Many professionals work in two or even three distinct areas in different locations or in two activities in the same institution. From the collected data, one can observe the variety of professional activities carried out by psychologists in the region, specially related to the fields of health and social assistance, focusing the suffering of the population groups attended. This leads to a debate about the training of the psychology professionals that now faces the new social demands of the last decades. The results can contribute to the curricular restructuring of the graduation in psychology, since they enabled an evaluation of the academic evolution of psychologists as well as the new social demands imposed to the professionals, opening up new guidelines for the planning of opportunities concerning systematic and continuous education.(AU)

Formação em psicologia e as novas demandas sociais: relato dos egressos da Universidade de Fortaleza / Psychology graduation and new social demands: reports from graduates of the University of Fortaleza

O presente artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a formação do psicólogo tomando como referencia o discurso dos egressos do curso de psicologia da Universidade de Fortaleza - UNIFOR - universidade privada mantida pela Fundação Edson Queiroz, a fim de verificar se a formação profissional responde às demandas sociais da região. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de questionários enviados a todos os egressos que concluíram o curso no período compreendido entre 2001 e 2005, totalizando 436 indivíduos. Dos 60 respondentes, correspondendo a 13 por cento do total de egressos do período, 81,7 por cento atuam como psicólogos e 18,3 por cento trabalham em atividades não relacionadas à psicologia ou estão momentaneamente desempregados. As áreas de atuação desses profissionais dividem-se em psicologia organizacional e do trabalho (35,8 por cento); psicologia clínica (30,6 por cento); psicologia social/saúde/comunitária (20 por cento) e; psicologia escolar (12 por cento). Muitos profissionais atuam em duas ou até três áreas diferentes em locais distintos ou em duas atividades em um mesmo local. A partir dos dados coletados observa-se o enriquecimento das práticas profissionais do psicólogo, principalmente direcionadas aos campos sociais e da saúde, focalizando o sofrimento da população e colocando em debate a formação do profissional de psicologia diante das demandas sociais surgidas nas últimas décadas. Os resultados encontrados podem contribuir para a questão da reestruturação curricular dos cursos de psicologia, posto terem possibilitado avaliar o percurso acadêmico dos egressos, bem como as demandas sociais feitas aos profissionais da área, abrindo novas diretrizes para o planejamento de oportunidades de reciclagens sistemáticas e contínuas.

The present article aims to discuss the professional training in psychology, taking as a reference the opinions and professional life of students recently graduated from the Universidade de Fortaleza - UNIFOR (University of Fortaleza), belonging to Fundação Edson Queiroz (a nonprofit foundation), in order to investigate if the training meets the social local demands. A survey was carried out by means of questionnaires sent to all students graduated between 2001 and 2005: a total of 436 professionals. Of the 60 psychologists who answered the survey, corresponding to 13 percent of the total population of students graduated in the period, 81,7 percent work as psychologists whereas 18,3 percent work in activities not related to psychology or are currently unemployed. The areas in which these professionals work are divided in organizational and work psychology (35,8 percent); clinic (30,6 percent); social psychology/health/community (20 percent) and school psychology (12 percent). Many professionals work in two or even three distinct areas in different locations or in two activities in the same institution. From the collected data, one can observe the variety of professional activities carried out by psychologists in the region, specially related to the fields of health and social assistance, focusing the suffering of the population groups attended. This leads to a debate about the training of the psychology professionals that now faces the new social demands of the last decades. The results can contribute to the curricular restructuring of the graduation in psychology, since they enabled an evaluation of the academic evolution of psychologists as well as the new social demands imposed to the professionals, opening up new guidelines for the planning of opportunities concerning systematic and continuous education.