Social support and its interrelationships with demand-control model factors on presenteeism and absenteeism in Japanese civil servants.

OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the impact of social support and its interrelations with other demand-control-support (DCS) model factors on presenteeism and absenteeism, and to determine which DCS factors were most influential. METHODS: Questionnaires from 2535 local government employees were analyzed. The Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) was used to assess DCS factors including job demand, job control, and social support from supervisors and coworkers. The Stanford Presenteeism Scale 13-item version (SPS-13) was used to evaluate both absenteeism (absent days) and presenteeism. For the latter, the Work Impairment Score (WIS) and the Work Output Score (WOS) were also used. Possible confounder-adjusted logistic and negative binomial regression analyses were performed to obtain odds ratios (ORs) for WIS and WOS and relative risks (RRs) for absenteeism according to DCS factors. RESULTS: Higher job control had a significantly protective effect on higher WIS in both males and females and a lower WOS in males. Based on a point estimate of an OR per 1 standard deviation change of each DCS factor, job control had the strongest effect on higher WIS in both males and females and a lower WOS in males. Higher job demand resulted in significantly higher ORs for both male and female WIS, and a lower WOS in females. Support from supervisors had a significantly protective effect on higher WIS in females and a lower WOS in males. Support from coworkers had a significantly protective effect on higher WIS in males. Higher support from coworkers had a significantly protective effect on absenteeism among both males and females, and higher job control had a significantly protective effect in females. The combination of high job strain and low support from supervisors had a significantly worsening effect, except for absenteeism in females. High job strain and low support from coworkers had a significantly worsening effect except for WOS in males. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest job control was the DCS factor most related to presenteeism. Higher support from supervisors and coworkers had a protective effect on presenteeism, and higher job demand had a worsening effect. Higher support from coworkers had a protective effect on absenteeism among both males and females. Interventions should focus on improving job control as a possible countermeasure to presenteeism, and encouraging support from coworkers as a possible countermeasure to absenteeism.

Conflito trabalho-família: um estudo com motoristas profissionais / Work-family conflict: a study of professional drivers / Conflicto trabajo-familia: un estudio con conductores profesionales

Este estudo pretende contribuir para a compreensão do conflito entre trabalho e família em motoristas profissionais que trabalham com transporte de passageiros e da influência que outras variáveis possam ter nesse âmbito. Foi analisada especificamente a relação entre o conflito trabalho-família e as variáveis sociodemográficas (idade), do contexto familiar (número e idade dos filhos) e do contexto profissional (duração da jornada de trabalho, satisfação com o trabalho, suporte social dos supervisores e suporte social dos colegas de trabalho). Os dados foram recolhidos por meio de questionário, tendo participado 154 trabalhadores de uma empresa de transportes de passageiros do norte de Portugal. Todos os participantes eram do sexo masculino, e a maioria deles tinha idade entre 40 e 59 anos, eram casados e tinham filhos. Os resultados revelaram que os motoristas apresentam valores médios relativamente reduzidos de conflito trabalho-família e indicaram que a idade dos filhos, o número de horas trabalhadas semanalmente e a percepção de suporte dos supervisores constituíram preditores significativos do conflito trabalho-família.

This study aims to contribute to the understanding of work-family conflict among professional drivers, and the influence that other variables may have in that context. We analyzed the relationship between work-family conflict and socio-demographic variables (age), family context (number of children and their ages), and professional context (number of working hours, job satisfaction, and perception of supervisor and co-worker social support) in particular. Data were collected through a questionnaire administered to 154 male workers of a passenger transport company in the north of Portugal. The majority of the participants were aged 40-50, were married, and had children. Data showed that the drivers reported relatively low mean levels of work-family conflict. Results also showed that the age of their children, weekly hours worked, and the perception of supervisor support were significant predictors of work-family conflict.

Este estudio pretende contribuir a la comprensión del conflicto entre trabajo y familia en conductores profesionales que trabajan con el transporte de pasajeros, y de la influencia que otras variables puedan tener en ese contexto. Específicamente, se analizó la relación entre el conflicto trabajo-familia y las variables sociodemográficas (edad), el contexto familiar (número de hijos y su edad), así como el contexto profesional (duración de la jornada de trabajo, satisfacción laboral, apoyo social de los supervisores y soporte social de los compañeros de trabajo). Los datos se recogieron mediante un cuestionario aplicado a 154 trabajadores hombres de una empresa de transporte de pasajeros del norte de Portugal. La mayoría de los participantes tenía entre 40 y 59 años, estaban casados y tenían hijos. Los resultados muestran que los conductores tienen valores medios relativamente bajos de conflicto trabajo-familia. Los resultados también indicaron que la edad de los hijos, el número de horas trabajadas semanalmente y la percepción de apoyo de los supervisores constituyeron predictores significativos del conflicto trabajo-familia.