Sanear é eugenizar: a eugenia "preventiva" de Belisário Penna a serviço do saneamento do Brasil, 1920-1930 / To sanitize is to eugenize: the "preventive" eugenics of Belisário Penna at the service of sanitation in Brazil, 1920-1930

Resumo Discute o modelo de eugenia empregado pelo médico-sanitarista Belisário Penna durante a campanha do saneamento do Brasil nas décadas de 1920 e 1930. São abordados dois conceitos fundamentais para o seu pensamento: "raça brasileira" e eugenia "preventiva". A maneira como Penna avaliava a questão racial brasileira era fundamental para aderir à concepção eugênica aliada à medicina social e ao seu projeto de "consciência sanitária". O texto oferece uma perspectiva de como foi bordada a concepção eugênica de Penna e o diálogo estabelecido com o movimento eugênico brasileiro, em especial com o eugenista Renato Kehl. Assim, a defesa de uma eugenia classificada como "preventiva" estabelecia coerência para um projeto reformista social via o saneamento defendido por Penna.

Abstract The purpose of this article is to discuss the eugenics model used by the medical-sanitarist Belisário Penna during the sanitation campaign in Brazil in the 1920s and 1930s. The article addresses two fundamental concepts for his thinking: "Brazilian race" and "preventive" eugenics. The way in which Penna saw the Brazilian racial issue was fundamental to adhere to the eugenic conception combined with social medicine and its project of "health awareness." The text offers a perspective of how Penna's eugenics was conceived and the dialogue established with the Brazilian eugenic movement, especially with the eugenicist Renato Kehl. Thus, the defense of an eugenics classified as "preventive" established a coherence for a social reform project through the sanitation defended by Penna.

Pwojé Bon Vwazen (The Good Neighbor Project) An initiative to develop a community health worker project as a response to COVID-19 in Haiti.

Understanding the resource limitations in developing countries, a community health worker (CHW) project was developed to help educate, provide materials, and prevent the spread of COVID-19 in Haiti. CHWs have shown to be an evidence-driven alternative in resource-limited settings. Pwojé Bon Vwazen (The Good Neighbor Project) took place from May 2020 to September 2020 in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Through the project, 9 CHWs were trained. The project had two coordinators in Haiti. The CHWs, over the period of 4 months, were able to reach 1350 individuals and provide them with education regarding spread and prevention of COVID-19 and distribute materials including soap, hand sanitizers, and masks which were sewn in Haiti. Access to affordable health care presents a unique challenge in resource-limited countries. Training of CHWs and implementation of a CHW program can be an alternative in certain situations.

Building Caregiver Resiliency in Global Health: Embodying the Catholic Social Tradition in the Face of COVID-19.

For international healthcare NGOs, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been significant. Healthcare workers in both LMICs and high-income countries have described the impact of the pandemic as traumatic. This article focuses on one initiative designed to address this impact: CMMB's Building Resiliency program. This article provides an overview of the structure and content of program, situating it within the landscape of global mental healthcare disparities and caregiver trauma. Designed to address caregiver mental health in Peru, Haiti, Kenya, South Sudan, and Zambia, the program sought to offset global mental healthcare disparities by bringing needed psycho-social-spiritual support to CMMB staff. It was intentionally shaped by the commitments of Catholic social thought-particularly to the well-being, dignity, and integral human development of CMMB staff members, to envisaging new forms of solidarity, and to prioritizing subsidiarity and participation. Theories of post-traumatic growth provided the theoretical framework for three remotely delivered seminar series, which made space for staff members to share their stories with their colleagues, to build community, to foster creativity and hope, and to intentionally integrate faith and spirituality into both personal self-care as well as the common life of the organization. Thus, this was designed equally to build the organizational resiliency that is the fruit of Catholic social thought. For attending to caregivers' mental health and well-being is crucial not only for the success of medical missions but for embodying and witnessing the Catholic commitment to the human dignity and the integral development of those who do the work of our organizations.

Tragic Choices, Revisited: COVID-19 and the Hidden Ethics of Rationing.

Early in the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, concern that there could be a shortage of ventilators raised the possibility of rationing care. Denying patients life-saving care captures our moral imagination, prompting the demand for a defensible framework of ethical principles for determining who will live and who will die. Behind the moral dilemma posed by the shortage of a particular medical good lies a broad moral geography encompassing important and often unarticulated societal values, as well as assumptions about the nature and purpose of health care and the consequences of long-standing choices about health care as a social good. This article explores what COVID-19 has exposed concerning values and choices around health care in the United States. Employing the lens of Catholic Social Thought, it argues for an approach to rationing that is grounded in respect for human dignity, committed to distributing social goods in light of the common good, and self-conscious about the construction of vulnerability to illness and death.

O declínio da luta pelo direito à saúde e a necessária repolitização da Reforma Sanitária Brasileira na escrita de Amélia Cohn / The decline in the fight for the right to health and the necessary repoliticization of the Brazilian Health Reform in Amélia Cohn's writing

Resumo A garantia do direito à saúde no Brasil tem sido bastante discutida nos últimos anos, entretanto, esse é um debate antigo, ao qual este artigo busca resgatar. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar as contribuições da socióloga Amélia Cohn referentes à Reforma Sanitária Brasileira (RSB), para discutir a atualidade de suas questões e refletir sobre a relação entre saúde e democracia. As teses de Cohn sobre a RSB são discutidas com base nos textos de sua autoria, publicados entre 1989 e 2013. A partir da ideia de "declínio do campo da RSB", buscou-se sistematizar o conjunto das suas críticas nos diferentes períodos históricos. Enfatiza-se que, já em 1992, a autora afirmou o esgotamento da RSB. No contexto de implantação do SUS na década de 1990, apontou a necessidade de elaboração de um novo projeto de saúde para o país. Na década seguinte, Cohn reconheceu a perda do protagonismo na saúde devido à despolitização do campo da RSB no processo de implantação do SUS, o que fragilizou a distinção entre as novas formas de acumulação de capital - a incorporação da racionalidade de mercado na produção e a oferta de serviços e a garantia do direito à saúde.

Abstract The guarantee of the right to health in Brazil has been widely discussed in recent years; however, this is an old debate, to which this article seeks to contribute. This study aims to show the contributions of the sociologist Amélia Cohn regarding the Brazilian Sanitary Reform (BSR), to discuss how current are her questions and reflect on the relationship between health and democracy. Cohn`s theses on BSR are discussed based on her texts, published between 1989 and 2013. Based on the idea of "decline on the field of BSR," we sought to systematize the set of her critical thinking in the different historical periods. Note that, already in 1992, the author affirmed the exhaustion of the BSR. In the context of the implementation of Brazilian National Health System (SUS) in the 1990s, the author pointed out the need to develop a new health project for the country. In the following decade, Cohn's recognized the loss of protagonism in the health field due to the depoliticization of the BSR in the implantation process of SUS, which weakened the distinction between the new forms of capital accumulation - the incorporation of market rationality in the production and supply of services - and the guarantee of the right to health.

Mapeando a área de pensamento social no Brasil: uma análise preliminar de sua produção em artigos / Mapping the research field of social thought in Brazil: a preliminary analysis of its production in articles / Mapeando el área del pensamiento social en Brasil: un análisis preliminar de su producción en artículos

Este artigo busca responder a alguns dos desafios de sistematização, indexação e divulgação de variados documentos acadêmicos da área de pensamento social no Brasil pela Biblioteca Virtual do Pensamento Social (BVPS). Argumentamos que a importância da discussão sobre preservação digital para a BVPS cumpre dois objetivos: o de disponibilizar documentos digitalizados a um público mais amplo e o de mapear a produção contemporânea da área, com intuito de criar uma memória intelectual. Neste artigo, nos deteremos sobretudo no segundo objetivo, tendo em vista definir bem como disponibilizar ao público da biblioteca os critérios de seleção e organização do acervo. Dentro dos limites do recorte proposto, por meio de redes de acoplamento bibliográfico, cocitação e mapas semânticos, apresentaremos aqui uma análise preliminar da produção de artigos na área de pensamento social no Brasil. A atual pesquisa é fundamental para a definição das próximas etapas de ampliação do conteúdo da biblioteca, notadamente a definição de novos seletores de busca, a integração de novos autores e autoras à seção Intérpretes e a indexação de trabalhos com temáticas e abordagens caras à área de pensamento social no Brasil.

This article seeks to respond to some of the challenges of systematization, indexing and dissemination of various academic documents in the field of social thought in Brazil by the BVPS ­ Biblioteca Virtual do Pensamento Social (Virtual Library of Social Thought). We argue that the importance of the discussion on digital preservation for the BVPS fulfills two objectives: that of making digitized documents available to a wider audience and that of mapping contemporary production in that field in order to create an intellectual memory. In this article, we will focus mainly on the second objective, in order to define as well as make available to the library public the selection and organization criteria of the collection. Within the limits of the proposed clipping, we will present here a preliminary analysis of the production of articles in the field of social thought in Brazil through networks of bibliographic coupling, co-quotation and semantic maps. The current research is fundamental for the definition of the next steps to expand the content of the library, notably the definition of new search options the integration of new authors in the section Interpreters and the indexing of works containing important themes and approaches for the area of social thought in Brazil.

Este artículo busca responder a algunos de los desafíos de la sistematización, indexación y difusión de diferentes tipos de documentos académicos en el campo del pensamiento social en Brasil por la BVPS ­ Biblioteca Virtual do Pensamento Social (Biblioteca Virtual del Pensamiento Social). Argumentamos que la importancia de la discusión sobre la preservación digital para la BVPS cumple dos objetivos: el de hacer que los documentos digitalizados estén disponibles para una audiencia más amplia y el de mapear la producción contemporánea en el área para crear una memoria intelectual. En este artículo, nos centraremos principalmente en el segundo objetivo, para definir como también para poner a la disposición del público de la biblioteca los criterios de selección y organización de la colección. Dentro de los límites del recorte propuesto, presentaremos aquí un análisis preliminar de la producción de artículos en el campo del pensamiento social en Brasil a través de redes de acoplamiento bibliográfico, cocitación y mapas semánticos. La investigación actual es fundamental para la definición de los próximos pasos para expandir el contenido de la biblioteca, en particular la definición de nuevos selectores de búsqueda, la integración de nuevos autores y autoras en la sección Intérpretes y la indexación de trabajos conteniendo temas y enfoques relevantes para el área de pensamiento social en Brasil.

Redes sociales digitales y pensamiento social: el caso de la ocupación de las escuelas de Río de Janeiro / Social media and social thought: the occupation of schools in Rio de Janeiro / Redes sociais digitais e pensamento social: o caso da ocupação das escolas do Rio de Janeiro

Resumen: El presente artículo se propone analizar la dinámica comunicacional de generación, circulación y reproducción del pensamiento social en una red social digital, en el marco del fenómeno de ocupación de las escuelas del estado de Río de Janeiro por parte de los estudiantes de secundaria, ocurrido en el primer semestre de 2016. Fueron seleccionadas, según criterios de interacción digital, 250 publicaciones provenientes de las páginas de Facebook de 35 escuelas ocupadas. Dichas publicaciones fueron sometidas a un análisis de contenido categorial que tuvo en cuenta tanto la tipología del formato del mensaje emitido (post simple, artículo periodístico, fotografía, video editado, video espontáneo, póster y gif), como su fuente empírica de producción (escrita, hablada o imagénica). A partir de la descripción de la intención comunicativa de los formatos y de la comparación global de las unidades de registro por categoría fue posible establecer tres vectores de análisis que permitieron a) inferir la prevalencia del pensamiento social sobre el pensamiento científico-racional; b) evidenciar la forma como las condiciones de producción del pensamiento social (formalismo espontáneo, dualismo causal, primacía de la conclusión y creación de analogía) inciden en la construcción colaborativa de las narrativas digitales; y c) considerar la posible existencia de una representación social de la ocupación asociada a etiquetas movilizadoras con un alto contenido afectivo como lucha, resistencia y conquista.

Abstract: This paper aims to explain the communication dynamics of generation, circulation and reproduction of social thought in a digital social network, in the context of the phenomenon of occupation of schools by high school students in Rio de Janeiro, which took place in the first semester of 2016. According to digital interaction criteria, 250 posts were chosen from the Facebook pages of 35 occupied schools, which were studied by means of a content analysis that took into account both the format of the emitted message (textual post, journalistic article, photography, edited video, phone cell video, poster and gif), as well as its empirical production source (written, spoken or image). From the description of the communicative intention of the formats and the global comparison of the registration units, it was possible to a) infer the prevalence of social thought instead of the rational-scientific thinking; b) demonstrate the way in which the conditions of production of social thought (spontaneous formalism, causal dualism, primacy of the conclusion and creation of analogy) affect the collaborative construction of digital narratives; and c) take into account the possible existence of a social representation of occupation associated to mobilizing hash tags with a high affective content such as struggle, resistance and conquest.

Resumo: O presente artigo visa analisar a dinâmica comunicacional de geração, circulação e reprodução do pensamento social em uma rede social digital, no quadro do fenômeno de ocupação das escolas estaduais do Rio de Janeiro por parte dos estudantes secundaristas, acontecidas no primeiro semestre de 2016. Foram selecionadas, segundo critérios de interação digital, 250 postagens das páginas do Facebook de 35 escolas ocupadas. As postagens foram submetidas a uma análise de conteúdo levando em consideração tanto a tipologia da mensagem emitida (post, artigo jornalístico, fotografia, vídeo editado, vídeo espontâneo, cartaz e gif) quanto a sua fonte empírica de produção (escrita, falada e imagética). A partir da descrição da intenção comunicativa dos formatos e da comparação global das unidades de registro por categoria, foi possível definir três vetores de análise que permitiram a) inferir a prevalência do pensamento social sobre o pensamento científico-racional; b) evidenciar a forma como as condições de produção do pensamento social (formalismo espontâneo, dualismo causal, primazia da conclusão e criação de analogia) incidem na construção colaborativa das narrativas digitais; e c) considerar a possível existência de uma representação social da ocupação associada a rótulos mobilizadores com um alto conteúdo afetivo como luta, resistência e conquista.

Josué de Castro e o pensamento social brasileiro / Josué de Castro and Brazilian social thought

Resumo Este artigo aponta que a obra de Josué de Castro traz à tona algumas das interpretações mais relevantes sobre a situação alimentar brasileira, lançando o primeiro manifesto-propositivo para construção de uma política social de alimentação no país. Subjazem a esta sua discussão os aspectos do processo de construção do Estado-nação, o desenvolvimentismo nacional e o papel dos intelectuais brasileiros. Tais questões somam-se à preocupação do autor com a formação de ações propositivas que levassem às mudanças sociais e redefinições das condições de exclusão social de parcela significativa da população brasileira. Partimos da afirmação que sua obra faz parte das interpretações mais amplas sobre o Brasil, sendo necessária ser revisitada.

Abstract This article highlights the fact that the work of Josué de Castro brings to light some of the most relevant interpretations on the Brazilian food situation, launching the first proactive manifesto for the construction of a social policy on food in Brazil. Underpinning this debate, there are aspects of the process of construction of the Nation State, national development and the role of the Brazilian intellectuals. Such issues are added to the author's concern with the formation of proactive measures that could lead to social change and redefinitions of the conditions of social exclusion of a significant portion of the Brazilian population. We start from the assertion that his work is part of broader interpretations about Brazil, which need to be revisited.

A Sociologia e a Sociologia Política em DADOS / Sociology and Political Sociology in DADOS Journal / La Sociologie et la Sociologie Politique dans DADOS / La Sociología y la Sociología Política en DADOS

RESUMO O artigo identifica e discute alguns movimentos cognitivos cruciais da coleção Sociologia da revista DADOS. Inspirada em ideias sobre a dinâmica da diferenciação funcional da sociologia de Niklas Luhmann como uma chave geral de leitura dos dados da pesquisa, sugere o papel central que a sociologia política, especialidade mais recorrente, tem na coleção. Ela protagoniza um movimento simultâneo de diferenciação em relação ao conjunto dos artigos publicados e de modificação desse ambiente, pelas ressonâncias que vai imprimindo nas outras especialidades da sociologia. Nessa mesma chave, sugere o papel de autodescrição reflexiva em relação ao conjunto da coleção assumido pelo pensamento social e político, a segunda especialidade mais recorrente nesses 50 anos de publicação da revista.

ABSTRACT This article identifies and discusses several cognitive movements that are fundamental to DADOS journal sociology collection. Employing ideas on the dynamic of functional differentiation in the sociology of Niklas Luhmann as a general means of reading the survey data reveals the central role played by political sociology in the collection, which is the most common field of specialization. The discipline leads a movement which both differentiates itself from the rest of the articles published while altering the sphere, due to the resonances it imprints on the other specialist fields within sociology. Such a reading also highlights the role played in the collection by the reflexive self-description practiced by social and political thought, which has served as the second most common field of specialization over the 50 years since the journal's first publication.

RÉSUMÉ L'article identifie et analyse certains mouvements cognitifs cruciaux de la collection Sociologie de la revue DADOS. En s'inspirant des idées sur la dynamique de la différenciation fonctionnelle de la sociologie de Niklas Luhmann comme grille de lecture des données de la recherche, on a identifié le rôle central joué par la sociologie politique dans la collection, où c'est d'ailleurs la spécialité la plus récurrente. Cette discipline est à la base d'un mouvement simultané de différenciation par rapport à l'ensemble des articles publiés, ainsi que d'une modification de cet environnement grâce aux résonnances qu'elle imprime aux autres spécialités de la sociologie. Selon cette même grille de lecture, on a pu analyser dans l'ensemble de la collection le rôle que joue l'auto-description réflexive dans la pensée sociale et politique, à savoir la seconde spécialité la plus présente dans la revue.

RESUMEN El artículo identifica y discute algunos movimientos cognitivos cruciales de la colección Sociología de la revista DADOS. Inspirada en ideas sobre la dinámica de la diferenciación funcional de la sociología de Niklas Luhmann como clave general de lectura de los datos de la investigación, sugiere el rol central que tiene la sociología política - especialidad más recurrente - en la colección. Ella protagoniza un movimiento simultáneo de diferenciación frente al conjunto de los artículos publicados y de modificación de ese ambiente, debido a las resonancias que imprime en las demás especialidades de la sociología. En esa misma clave, sugiere el rol de la autodescripción reflexiva frente al conjunto de la colección asumido por el pensamiento social y político, segunda especialidad más recurrente en los 50 años de publicación de la revista.

História da sociologia como campo de pesquisa e algumas tendências recentes do pensamento social brasileiro / The history of sociology as a field of research and some recent trends in Brazilian social thought

Resumo O artigo estabelece as bases para um diálogo entre os estudiosos do pensamento social brasileiro e os historiadores da sociologia como disciplina. Para atingir esse objetivo, analiso os desenvolvimentos recentes no campo da história da sociologia, destacando a incorporação de métodos historiográficos e a emergência de uma abordagem transnacional, que aponta para o projeto de uma história global da disciplina. Critico os limites eurocêntricos desse campo e argumento que as tendências recentes de pesquisa na área do pensamento social brasileiro podem ajudar a superar tal limitação. Finalmente, analiso brevemente os obstáculos que impedem tal diálogo e aponto possíveis estratégias para superá-los.

Abstract The article lays the foundation for a dialog between scholars of Brazilian social thought and historians of sociology as a discipline. In order to achieve this objective, I analyze recent developments in the field of the history of sociology, highlighting the incorporation of historiographic methods and the emergence of a transnational approach, which points toward a global history of the discipline. I criticize the Eurocentric limits of this field and argue that recent research trends in the area of Brazilian social thought can help overcome this limitation. Finally, I briefly analyze the obstacles that impede this dialog and indicate possible strategies for overcoming them.

Juan César García: social medicine as project and endeavor / Juan César García: a medicina social como projeto e realização

This paper analyses some aspects of the trajectory of the Argentinian physician and sociologist Juan César García (1932-1984) in the field of Latin American Social Medicine. Three dimensions constituting his basic orientations are highlighted: the elaboration of systematic and reflective social thought; a critical attitude in questioning teaching and professional practices; a commitment to the institutionalization and dissemination of health knowledge.

O artigo analisa aspectos da trajetória de Juan César García (1932-1984), médico e sociólogo argentino, no campo da medicina social latino-americana. Destaca três dimensões que constituem as suas orientações básicas no campo da saúde: a elaboração de um pensamento sobre o social, sistemático e reflexivo; uma atitude crítica na problematização do ensino e das práticas profissionais; um compromisso com a institucionalização e divulgação do saber sanitário.

The magic of social thought.

Studying social thinking provides a promising field of investigation for the constitution of common knowledge in communication and action of historically and culturally situated groups. Its genealogy helps the understanding of the symbolic efficacy of social practices and their own operating collective logic. The English translation of a short version of Serge Moscovici's article on the new magical thinking allows a wider audience to gain access, for the first time, to a text that perfectly illustrates the currentness and relevance of the social psychology of knowledge.

The healing community: A Catholic social justice critique of modern health care.

Catholic social thought calls for persons to be treated as subjects, not only as objects, and for a society in which basic health care is available to all. Treating the body as an object, isolated from other bodies and composed of many parts or systems, has led to great success in treating disease but has also degraded human dignity in patient care. Healthcare costs in the U.S. impede ready access to care, leading to financial collapse for millions each year; this is largely a generational result of rising expectations of long life for the elderly and widespread abortion of the very young (unborn); which practices follow in turn from the presumption that health results from human ingenuity and management. Catholic social thought affirms that love is essential to true health care and acknowledges that God is the source of healing. Such a perspective could point the way to humanizing the hospital experience and redressing the socioeconomic inequalities of modern health care.

A reinvenção da sociologia da modernização: Luiz Costa Pinto e Florestan Fernandes (1950-1970) / The reinvention of the sociology of modernization: Luiz Costa Pinto and Florestan Fernandes (1950-1970)

Neste artigo, procura-se divisar o potencial teórico inscrito nas contribuições de dois sociólogos brasileiros à sociologia do desenvolvimento dos anos 1950-1970: Luiz Costa Pinto e Florestan Fernandes. Para tal, observa-se, a partir de três eixos, o sentido inovador de suas formulações em contraste com a sociologia da modernização norte-americana, àquela altura hegemônica: (a) suas concepções da prática sociológica, bem como de suas especificidades num contexto periférico; (b) suas visões sobre a dinâmica da mudança social no Brasil, tal qual forjadas em suas pesquisas sobre as relações entre brancos e negros; (c) e em suas sínteses teóricas dos anos 1960-70.

This article attempts to discern the theoretical potential inscribed in the contributions of two Brazilian sociologists to the sociology of development between 1950 and 1970: Luiz Costa Pinto and Florestan Fernandes. To this end, the innovative direction of their formulations is analyzed in contrast to the American sociology of modernization, which by then had become hegemonic. Such analysis is done from three views: (a) their conceptions of the sociological practice and of its specificities in a peripheral context; (b) their views on the dynamics of social change in Brazil, as forged in their research on relations between blacks and whites, (c) their theoretical syntheses of the 1960s and 1970s.

A naturalização da pobreza: reflexões sobre a formação do pensamento social / The naturalization of poverty: reflections on the formation of social thinking

Neste trabalho investiga-se como a ideologia neoliberal pode influenciar a formação do pensamento social contemporâneo no que se refere à estrutura socioeconômica brasileira. Para tanto, procura-se refletir criticamente sobre algumas proposições que estão presentes na vida cotidiana e incorporadas em nossa linguagem, tais como o conceito de pobreza, a sobrevaloração da prática do voluntariado, o mercado em torno do sofrimento humano com a ampliação do Terceiro Setor, entre outras. Embora, nas últimas décadas, o campo de estudo e de intervenção sobre a pobreza e os seus impactos tenha sido ampliado pelo Estado e pela sociedade civil, a hipótese defendida neste artigo é a de que muitos desses discursos, aparentemente a favor da redução da desigualdade social, tendem a legitimar a manutenção da pouca mobilidade social e, consequentemente, a aceitação e naturalização da pobreza no cotidiano.

This paper investigates how the neoliberal ideology can influence the formation of contemporary social thought with regard to the socio-economic structure of Brazil. To this end, we seek to reflect critically on some propositions present in everyday life and incorporated into our language, such as the concept of poverty, the overevaluation of the practice of voluntary work, the market around the human suffering with the expansion of the Third Sector, among others. Although in recent decades the field of study and intervention on poverty and its impact has been magnified by the state and civil society, the hypothesis put forward here is that many of these discourses, apparently in favor of reducing social inequality, tend to legitimize the maintenance of low social mobility and, consequently, the acceptance and naturalization of poverty in everyday life.

Para uma sociologia dos intelectuais / For a sociology of intellectuals / Pour une sociologie des intellectuels

The study retraces and discusses Sergio Miceli's contribution to the sociology of intellectuals. The hypothesis is that despite the focus in his research on the internal elements in intellectuals' strategies for insertion, Miceli leaves the tension open in the assumption of autonomy in an "intellectual field" and its relations with the broader social process. We highlight his proposal of biography as the analytical locus, discussing (1) the ambiguities deriving from the lack of distinction between biography as a source and as a method, (2) the class-based nature of his sociology of intellectuals, and (3) the emphasis on the heterogeneity underlying the macro-sociological categories. We discuss other views that compete with Miceli's perspective and argue for a new understanding of ideas as reflexive social forces and as part of the agenda in contemporary sociology.

Dans cet article, on reprend et discute la contribution de Sergio Miceli à une sociologie des intellectuels. On part de l'hypothèse que, malgré tout son intérêt pour les recherches sur les éléments internes des stratégies d'insertion des intellectuels, l'analyse de Miceli ne parvient pas à envisager l'autonomie d'un "champ intellectuel" et de ses rapports avec le processus social plus large. On souligne sa proposition de biographie en tant que locus analytique, en examinant 1) les ambiguïtés issues du manque de précision entre biographie comme source et comme méthode, 2) le caractère de classe de sa sociologie des intellectuels et 3) l'accent mis sur l'hétérogénéité sous-jacente aux catégories macrosociologiques. À la lumière des perspectives qui concurrencent celles de Miceli, on suggère une nouvelle compréhension des idées comme forces sociales de réflexion et comme élément d'un programme de la sociologie contemporaine.

As ideias que fazem o estado andar: imaginação espacial, pensamento brasileiro e território no Brasil Central / Ideas that move the state: spatial imagination, Brazilian thought, and territory in Central Brazil / Les idées qui font avancer l'etat: imagination spatiale, pensée brésilienne et territoire du Brésil Central

This article discusses the relationship between state ideas and practices based on a case study of the Fundação Brasil Central (FBC), an agency created by the Estado Novo regime in 1943 and whose activities extended until 1967. The hypothesis is that Brazilian social thought should be analyzed as a cultural repertoire that produces effects on social life and the state. The article thus analyzes material from the FBC archives and travel records, geopolitical treatises, and other text sources published from the First Republic through the initial years of the Vargas Era. The aim is to show how narratives on Central Brazil shaped the language and practice of public administration.

Cet article discute le rapport entre les idées et pratiques des états à partir d'une étude de cas centrée sur la Fundação Brasil Central (FBC), institution créée par l'Estado Novo en 1943 et dont les activités se sont prolongées jusqu'en 1967. L'hypothèse est qu'on doit analyser la pensée sociale brésilienne comme un répertoire culturel qui produit des effets sur la vie sociale et sur l'Etat. Pour cela, l'article analyse un matériel d'archives de la FBC et des livres de voyage ainsi que des traités de géopolitique et d'autres sources de textes publiés au long de la Première République et dans les premières années de l'Ere Vargas. Le but est de montrer comment des récits sur le Brésil central ont configuré le langage et la pratique bureaucratique.

Empirical illustration of the hierarchical organisation of social thought: a domino effect? / Illustration empirique de l'architecture de la pensée sociale: un effet domino?

The "architecture of social thinking", a model presented by Rouquette (1996) suggests that various forms of social thought may be conceived as being part of a hierarchical organisation. Our study aims to show how that variation in a higher level of social thought (ideology) can trigger variations in the lower levels (social representations, attitudes and opinions). Our study compared two ideologically distinct groups (N=81): the first group (n=25) comprised participants who had reported a religious affiliation (Catholicism), while the second (n=56) comprised those who had reported no religious affiliation. We compared participant's representational and attitudinal fields towards a scenario on a charitable activity promoted by the Church. Results indicated that representations and attitudes may depend on higher levels. These findings suggest the hypothesis of a domino effect among the successive levels of the architecture of social thought.(AU)

Les différentes formes de la pensée sociale forment une architecture hiérarchisée (Rouquette, 1996). Cette recherche vise à illustrer comment une variation au niveau supérieur de cette architecture (niveau idéologique) peut entraîner des variations des niveaux inférieurs (attitudes et opinions) en passant par le niveau intermédiaire (représentations). Dans cette recherche deux populations (N=81) idéologiquement distinctes ont été comparées: des participants se sentant catholiques (n=25) et des participants sans appartenance religieuse (n=56). Nous avons mesuré leurs représentations et attitudes vis-à-vis d'un texte fictif. Les résultats montrent que le champ représentationnel et le champ attitudinal, se situant à des niveaux inférieurs de l'architecture, sont affectés par la variation idéologique de la population. Cela nous conduit à avancer l'hypothèse d'un effet en cascade (effet domino) entre les différents niveaux de l'architecture.(AU)

I'implication personnelle: un outil psychosocial pour comprendre le lien population-objet / Personal involvement: a psycho-social tool for understanding the population-object relationship

Le but de cet article est de présenter l'implication personnelle en tant qu'outil permettant une meilleure compréhension des relations entre un objet et une population. Dans cette étude, nous avons pris en compte deux variables indépendantes : la nationalité Brésilienne ou Française) et la religion (catholique ou sans religion). La mesure utilisée a été l'implication des participants par rapport à un objet fictif (une distribution de repas effectuée par l'Eglise). Les résultats indiquent que nos deux variables indépendantes (appartenance nationale et religieuse) n'ont pas le même effet sur chacune des dimensions de l'implication (la proximité, la valorisation de l'objet et la possibilité perçue d'action). Au vu de ces résultats, on a discuté l'intérêt de cette mesure pour une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes sociaux.

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a implicação pessoal como instrumento para uma melhor compreensão das relações entre um objeto e uma determinada população. Este estudo tem duas variáveis independentes, a nacionalidade (franceses e brasileiros) e a religião (católicos e pessoas sem religião). A medida usada neste estudo foi a implicação dos participantes relativa a um objeto fictício (uma distribuição de refeições feita pela Igreja). Os resultados mostram que as duas variáveis independentes (religião e nacionalidade) não influenciam da mesma maneira as três dimensões da implicação pessoal (a proximidade, a valorização do objeto, e a capacidade percebida de ação). A partir dos resultados discutimos o interesse desta medida para uma melhor compreensão dos fenômenos sociais.

Personal involvement for a better understanding of the relationship between an object and a population is provided. Analysis implies in two independent variables, namely, nationality (French and Brazilian) and religion (Catholics and people without any religion). Parameter consisted of the participants' involvement with regard to a fictitious object (meals distributed by church people). Results show that independent variables (religion and nationality) failed to affect similarly the three dimensions of personal involvement (closeness, valorization of object and the act's perceived capacity). Interests on this issue were discussed for a better understanding of social phenomena.

El objetivo de este artículo es el de presentar la implicación personal como instrumento para una mejor comprensión de las relaciones entre un objeto y una determinada población. Este estudio tiene dos variables independientes: la nacionalidad (franceses y brasileños) y a religión (católicos y personas sin religión). La medida usada para el estudio fue la de la implicación de los participantes relativo a una situación ficticia (una distribución de comidas hecha por la Iglesia). Los resultados muestran que las dos variables independientes (religión y nacionalidad) no influencian de la misma manera las tres dimensiones de la implicación personal (la proximidad, a valorización del objeto, y la capacidad percibida de acción). A partir de los resultados, se discute el interés de esta medida para una mejor comprensión de los fenómenos sociales.