Gingival mesenchymal stem cell therapy, immune cells, and immunoinflammatory application.

MSC-based therapeutic strategies have proven to be incredibly effective. Robust self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and potential for tissue regeneration and disease treatments are all features of MSCs isolated from oral tissue. Human exfoliated deciduous teeth, dental follicles, dental pulp, apical papilla SCs, and alveolar bone are the primary sources of oral MSC production. The early immunoinflammatory response is the first stage of the healing process. Oral MSCs can interact with various cells, such as immune cells, revealing potential immunomodulatory regulators. They also have strong differentiation and regeneration potential. Therefore, a ground-breaking strategy would be to research novel immunomodulatory approaches for treating disease and tissue regeneration that depend on the immunomodulatory activities of oral MSCs during tissue regeneration.

Detection performance of Al 18F-PSMA-BCH PET/CT in early relapsed prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To assess the performance of Al 18F-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-BCH PET/CT in the detection and localization of early recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Methods:From July 2021 to July 2022, a cohort of 51 patients (age: 49-80(64.8±6.9) years) who underwent Al 18F-PSMA-BCH for biochemical recurrence with the prostate specific antigen (PSA) level less than 2 μg/L in Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were stratified into 4 groups (PSA<0.2 μg/L, 0.2 μg/L≤PSA<0.5 μg/L, 0.5 μg/L≤PSA<1 μg/L, 1 μg/L≤PSA<2 μg/L groups) according to different PSA levels. Lesions detected by Al 18F-PSMA-BCH PET/CT were recorded as prostate bed (including bed of seminal vesicles); pelvic, paraaortic, mediastinal/supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes; bone lesions and visceral lesions. The detection rates among different groups were compared by Fisher exact test. Results:Of 51 patients, 30(58.8%) had evidence of abnormal uptake suggestive of recurrent prostate cancer, with 60.0%(18/30) had disease confined to the pelvis, including 26.7%(8/30) had prostate bed recurrence, 26.7%(8/30) had pelvic lymph nodes, 6.6%(2/30) had prostate bed recurrence with pelvic lymph nodes, while 40.0%(12/30) had extra pelvic disease. The detection rates of Al 18F-PSMA-BCH PET/CT in PSA<0.2 μg/L, 0.2 μg/L≤PSA<0.5 μg/L, 0.5 μg/L≤PSA<1 μg/L and 1 μg/L≤PSA<2 μg/L groups were 39.1%(9/23), 6/11, 8/9 and 7/8, respectively. There were no significant differences of detection rates between PSA<0.2 μg/L group and 0.2 μg/L≤PSA<0.5 μg/L group ( P=0.397) and also between 0.5 μg/L≤PSA<1 μg/L group and 1 μg/L≤PSA<2 μg/L group ( P=0.929). Conclusion:Al 18F-PSMA-BCH has a high detection rate for early recurrent prostate cancer, even at low PSA levels less than 0.2 μg/L.

Value of endoscopic ultrasound elastography versus contrast-enhanced computed tomography in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of endoscopic ultrasound elastography versus contrast-enhanced computed tomography in the risk stratification of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Methods:Clinical and imaging data were obtained from 77 patients who were confirmed to have GISTs and underwent endoscopic or surgical treatment at Wenzhou Central Hospital between May 2019 and April 2021. Endoscopic ultrasound elastography based on a five-point scoring system and hypotonic gastrointestinal contrast-enhanced computed tomography were performed for preoperative risk stratification of GISTs. The two techniques were compared in terms of the accuracy of preoperative risk stratification of GISTs. The imaging features of the two techniques were summarized.Results:According to the postoperative pathological results, 13 patients were at high risk, 13 patients were at medium risk, 35 patients were at low risk, and 16 patients were at extremely low risk. These patients were divided into two groups according to postoperative pathological results: a low-risk group (low risk + extremely low risk) and a medium- and high-risk group (high + medium risk). In the low-risk group ( n = 51), 42 patients were identified by endoscopic ultrasound elastography to have low-risk GISTs and were recommended to receive endoscopic treatment, while the rest 9 patients were identified to have medium-risk GISTs. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography findings revealed that 30 patients had low-risk GISTs and were recommended to receive endoscopic treatment, and 21 patients had medium-risk GISTs. In the medium- and high-risk group ( n = 26), 4 patients were identified by endoscopic ultrasound elastography to have low-risk GISTs, and 22 patients had medium- or high-risk GISTs. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography findings revealed that 9 patients were identified to have low-risk GISTs, and 17 patients had medium- or high-risk GISTs. Endoscopic ultrasound elastography yielded an overall diagnostic accuracy of 83.11% (64/77), while contrast-enhanced computed tomography had an overall diagnostic accuracy of 61.04% (47/77). Endoscopic ultrasound elastography outperformed contrast-enhanced computed tomography in accurate risk stratification of GISTs ( χ2 = 4.66, P < 0.05). In terms of predicting high-risk GISTs, endoscopic ultrasound elastography had a sensitivity of 84.62% and a specificity of 82.35%, both were higher than those of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (sensitivity: 65.38%; specificity: 58.82%), but the differences in sensitivity and specificity between the two techniques were not significant (sensitivity: Fisher's exact test P = 0.590, specificity: χ2 = 0.93, P > 0.05). Conclusion:Endoscopic ultrasound elastography appears to have a better overall diagnostic accuracy in the risk stratification of GISTs compared with contrast-enhanced computed tomography. The combined use of these two techniques may offer a better comprehensive understanding of the perilesional structure and organ involvements and distant metastasis than a single technique, thereby providing a reliable reference for the choice of treatment for GISTs.

Production of Erythropoietin-Specific Polyclonal Antibodies.

BACKGROUND: Erythropoietin, as a principal hormone promotes red blood cell production in bone marrow. Varieties of erythropoietin biosimilar are being produced by recombinant DNA technology in cell cultures. The detection or quantifi cation of these molecules are being performed by diff erent methods which some of theme such as Western blot and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) require specifi c antibodies. High cost, inappropriate shipping (cold chain failures), reduced sensitivity and thus poor detection performance are common pitfalls of using commercial kits for performing immunological tests. OBJECTIVES: To produce in-house polyclonal antibody against active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EPO) was the aim of this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two healthy female albino rabbits were injected four times in 14 days interval using rh-EPO API as antigen. The produced antibody was separated from plasma via either caprylic acid or saturated ammonium sulfate precipitation and the results were compared from each purification methodologies. The antibody was further purified by ion exchange chromatography. Acceptable purity and good immunogenicity were detected respectively by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. The purified antibody was compared with a commercial kit to determine rh-EPO concentration in diff erent steps of production batches via ELISA. RESULTS: The purity of antibodies after ion exchange chromatography, obtained from caprylic acid and ammonium sulfate precipitation were 97 and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: As producing in house kits is one of the important challenges of bio- pharmaceutical manufacturers, a simple, cost- and time-effective, and easy to scale up strategy for making in-house polyclonal antibody was set up. Caprylic acid precipitation resulted higher purity than ammonium sulfate and fi nally purified antibody (97% purity) used as a capture antibody in sandwich ELISA test was able to detect erythropoietin antigen as sensitive (100%) and specifi c (100%) as commercial kits.

Results of ongoing stability studies of medicines / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction. The safety and effi cacy of fi nished pharmaceutical products depend on its stabilityattribute. Stability requirements were included for fi rst time in Good manufacturing practice standardMNS 5524:2014. The pharmaceutical manufacturer is responsible to conduct stability studies and tosubmit the report as part of marketing authorization documentation.Purpose of the study. The purpose of this study is to conduct ongoing stability study of the mostlyproduced domestic medicine to monitor the product over its shelf-life.Materials and Methods. As a material used 2 locally produced Paracetamol (Acetaminophen INN) 500mg tablets (local manufacturer (LM) 1 with batch number 271110, LM 2 with batch number 441110). Asa method we used shelf-life specifi cation: Mongolian national standard of Paracetamol 500 mg tablets,MNS 4358:2007. Testing frequency was at 0 time (when tablets were produced) and at 12, 24 and 36months (study was covered the shelf-life).Results. In frame of this study we defi ned the most produced product as Paracetamol (AcetaminophenINN) 500 mg tablets. From the LICEMED- medicines registration record we found 8 tablets, containingAcetaminophen in 500 mg. Two of them were produced locally. These two products were involved inongoing stability study. Testing results showed that no any stability issues over the defi ned shelf life.Discussion. The shelf life was defi ned as 36 months, initially by manufacturers before productsregistered. After a marketing authorization has been granted, the stability of the fi nished pharmaceuticalproducts should be monitored according to a continuous appropriate program that should be permittedthe detection of any stability issue associated with the formulation in the container closure system inwhich it is marketed.Conclusions. After 36 months, testing results were in acceptable limits, selected products wereremaining their quality over the shelf-life.

Impact of low level magnification on incipient occlusal caries diagnosis and treatment decision making.

INTRODUCTION: This in-vitro study aimed to test the accuracy and reproducibility in detection of incipient occlusal caries and treatment decision making using unenhanced visual-tactile technique and low level magnification by the use of loupes and surgical operating microscope (SOM). METHODOLOGY: Sixty extracted human posterior teeth were assessed by two examiners using ICDAS- II index and CPI- TN probe, with and without magnification. Histopathology was used as gold standard for diagnosis of caries and treatment decision making. Inter and intra examiner reproducibility was determined using Kappa statistics. RESULTS: Intraobserver reproducibility for caries detection using surgical operating microscope ranged from average to good (0.4-0.63). Inter-examiner reproducibility values for treatment decision making using experimental techniques such as unaided (0.40), Loupes (0.51) & SOM (0.63) were similar.

Identification of a class B acid phosphatase in Haemophilus parasuis.

An acid phosphatase activity was detected in the supernatant of Haemophilus parasuis, a Gram-negative pleomorphic bacillus and the causative agent of Glässer's disease in pigs. To identify the gene responsible for the secreted activity, a genomic library of H. parasuis strain ER-6P was produced in Escherichia coli. Screening of the library allowed identification of two homologs to known phosphatases: PgpB and AphA. PgpB was predicted to be located in the bacterial membrane through six transmembrane domains while AphA was predicted to have a signal peptide. The aphA gene was cloned and expressed in E. coli. Characterization of H. parasuis AphA indicated that this protein belongs to the class B nonspecific acid phosphatases. AphA contained sequence signatures characteristic of this family of phosphatases and its activity was inhibited by EDTA. The optimal pH of recombinant AphA differed from that of the phosphatase activity found in H. parasuis supernatants. In addition, the phosphatase activity from H. parasuis supernatants was not inhibited by EDTA, indicating that H. parasuis AphA does not account for the phosphatase activity observed in the supernatants. Our results demonstrate the presence of a class B acid phosphatase (AphA) in H. parasuis and suggest that the bacterium would also secrete another, as yet unidentified phosphatase.

The Effects of Tapping Force and Speed on the Activation of Motor-related Cortices / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

This single participant functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigates the effects of tapping force and speed on the activation characteristics in motor-related cortices during bilateral self-paced tapping of hand fi ngers. The participant performed four types of self-paced hand fi nger tapping which are soft-slow (SS), soft-fast (SF), hard-slow (HS) and hard-fast (HF) in an fMRI scan. A general linear model (GLM) was implemented in generating brain activation. Statistical inferences were then made about the brain activations using Gaussian random fi eld theory (RFT) at corrected signifi cant level (α = 0.05), given that there is no activation. The results indicate that the brain coordinates bilateral selfpaced tapping of hand fi ngers with the involvement of motor-related cortices which are bilateral precentral gyrus (PCG), bilateral cerebellum and supplementary motor area (SMA). The increase in tapping force accentuate signifi cant activation (p < 0.05 corrected) in bilateral PCG (Brodmann Area (BA) 6) in accordance with its function in triggering motor action such as controlling the tapping force. The increase in tapping speed causes a signifi cant (p < 0.05 corrected) increase in brain activation only in somatosensory associated region in the right superior parietal lobule (SPL) or right BA7. This suggests that SPL plays important roles in coordinating purposeful, skilled movements

PSA kinetic parameters in predicting effect of chemotherapy for hormonal refractory prostate cancer / 中国癌症杂志

2 months had higher effective rate.PSAV and nPSA could not predict the effect of chemotherapy.