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1.
Front Vet Sci ; 9: 852917, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35711800

RESUMO

Loxosceles spp. (brown spiders) bites are responsible for the development of a syndrome consisting mainly of dermonecrotic lesions, and also systemic effects. Rabbits are one of the main experimental models used for better understanding the systemic and local effects of Loxosceles venom. The aim of this study is to evaluate the toxic and protective effects of rabbits immunized with Loxosceles spp. venom. Male New Zealand rabbits were allocated as a control group (CG; n = 5) that received adjuvant (Montanide) and phosphate-buffer saline (PBS), or as venom group (VG; n = 5) that received 21 µg of Loxosceles venom using Montanide as adjuvant. After five immunization cycles, a trial with 7 µg of Loxosceles intermedia (L. intermedia) venom was performed, and dermonecrotic lesions were measured. The rabbits were then euthanized, and their organs were collected for histopathology analysis. Rabbits that had undergone Loxosceles venom immunization protocol showed minor clinical disturbances during the experimental period. The used immunization protocol protected the rabbits against the toxic effect of the Loxosceles venom because they showed minor clinical disturbances during the experimental period.

2.
Toxicon ; 212: 1-7, 2022 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35346694

RESUMO

We present the case of a 32-year-old male patient hospitalized during the COVID-19 pandemic because of a Brown spider bite on his lower lip. The Brown spider accident occurred in southern Brazil; at hospital admission, the patient presented on his lip: edema, pustules, necrotic regions, and ulcerations. The patient complained of lower back pain, fever and dyspnea. Laboratory tests showed monocytosis, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, increased D-dimer levels, C-reactive protein, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, delta bilirubin, creatine phosphokinase, procalcitonin, and fibrinogen. The patient was hospitalized and a multi-professional team carried out the treatment. The medical team diagnosed loxoscelism with moderate changes. The dentist treated the oral cavity. The patient began to develop nausea, vomiting, and desaturation episodes during hospitalization. A computed tomography of the chest was performed, which showed signs of viral infection. The RT-PCR test for COVID-19 was positive. The systemic conditions worsened (renal dysfunction, systemic inflammatory response, pulmonary complications). This condition may have resulted from the association of the two diseases (loxoscelism and COVID-19), leading to the patient's death. This case illustrates the difficulties and risks in treating patients with venomous animal accidents during the pandemic, and the importance of a multi-professional team in treating such cases.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Picada de Aranha , Venenos de Aranha , Aranhas , Animais , Aranha Marrom Reclusa , Humanos , Masculino , Pandemias , Picada de Aranha/diagnóstico , Picada de Aranha/terapia
3.
Toxicon ; 192: 40-45, 2021 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33465358

RESUMO

Antivenom is the only effective therapy for treating any envenomation. Despite its obvious public health importance, the laborious process of procuring, distributing and controlling the quality of such immunobiologicals is being neglected. Brazil is fully self-sufficient in the production of antivenoms. Since the 1950s, Loxoscelism, a syndrome with an onset after a spider bite from specimens of the Loxosceles genus occurs, is considered a public health issue. The Brazilian history in developing antivenom therapy, its production hindrances, and other challenges are discussed in this paper, as well as some promising novelties that can improve production and processing of Loxosceles antivenom.


Assuntos
Aranhas , Animais , Antivenenos/uso terapêutico , Brasil , Diester Fosfórico Hidrolases , Picada de Aranha , Venenos de Aranha
4.
Case reports (Universidad Nacional de Colombia. En línea) ; 6(1): 33-43, Jan.-June 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1098160

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Introduction: Accidents involving spiders bites usually cause mild medical reactions that lead to local symptoms and, less commonly, systemic effects. The most medically significant spiders belong to the genera Latrodectus and Loxosceles. This paper presents a possible case of steatodism in a young woman and her pet. Case description: 26-year-old female patient, who reports a clinical history characterized by paresthesia, malaise, fever, diarrhea and a painful papule in the left cheek after being bitten by a spider. Immediately after being bit, the patient hit the spider with the back of her hand and it fell to the ground, where her dog swallowed it. The dog presented with vomiting and general discomfort after ingestion. Symptomatic therapy was given for comfort, and neither the patient nor the dog required antivenin therapy. Both evolved favorably. Discussion: The relevance of this case is the involvement of two mammals (a human and her dog) due to the accidental contact with a spider, possibly of the genus Latrodectus or Steatoda. Conclusion: Two possible cases of steatodism are described. Since spider bites are a relatively frequent reason for medical consultation in Colombia, it is important to diagnose and manage them properly.


RESUMEN Introducción. Los accidentes producidos por arañas suelen ser eventos médicos poco severos. La mordedura provoca, por lo general, síntomas locales y, menos frecuente, efectos sistémicos. Las arañas más importantes desde el punto de vista médico pertenecen a los géneros Latrodectus y Loxosceles. Se reporta un posible caso de steatodismo en una mujer joven y su mascota. Presentación del caso. Paciente femenino de 26 años quien presenta cuadro clínico de 5 días de evolución caracterizado por parestesia, malestar general, fiebre, diarrea y una pápula dolorosa en la mejilla izquierda después de ser mordida por una araña. La joven golpea la araña inmediatamente con el dorso de la mano y esta cae al suelo, donde su perra la ingiere; esta última presenta vómito y malestar general después de la ingesta. Como tratamiento se administró terapia sintomática y ninguna de ellas requirió antiveneno. Ambas evolucionaron favorablemente. Discusión. Se presentan dos posibles casos de steatodismo, siendo el aspecto relevante del presente caso que tanto la paciente como su mascota presentaron síntomas debido al contacto accidental con una araña, posiblemente del género Latrodectus o Steatoda. Conclusión. Dado que los accidentes por mordedura de araña son relativamente frecuentes para la consulta médica en Colombia, es importante diagnosticarlos y manejarlos de forma adecuada.

5.
Rev. chil. infectol ; Rev. chil. infectol;37(2): 175-178, abr. 2020. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1126105

RESUMO

Resumen El síndrome compartimental agudo (SCA) es el aumento de la presión en un espacio osteofascial cerrado. Esto reduce la presión capilar bajo el nivel necesario para la viabilidad de los tejidos del compartimento. El SCA de mano como complicación de un loxoscelismo cutáneo (LC) de predominio edematoso es muy poco frecuente. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 22 años que presentó un SCA de la mano secundario a un LC y que requirió tratamiento quirúrgico de urgencia mediante una fasciotomía dorsal y palmar.


Abstract Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is the increase of pressure in a closed osteofascial space. This reduces capillary perfusion below the level necessary for tissue viability. Injury could be irreversible if proper treatment is not performed. Hand ACS secondary to cutaneous loxoscelism with edematous predominance is extremely infrequent. We present a clinical case of a 22-year-old patient who started a hand compartment syndrome secondary to cutaneous loxoscelism (CL), requiring emergency surgical treatment with dorsal and palmar fasciotomy.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Síndromes Compartimentais , Edema , Fasciotomia , Mãos
6.
Infect Dis Clin North Am ; 33(1): 17-38, 2019 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30712761

RESUMO

This article discusses the epidemiology, prevention, clinical features, and treatment of venomous bites by snakes, lizards, and spiders; stings by fish, jellyfish, echinoderms, insects, and scorpions; and poisoning by ingestion of fish, turtles, and shellfish. Invertebrate stings cause fatalities by anaphylaxis, secondary to acquired hypersensitivity (Hymenoptera, such as bees, wasps, and ants; and jellyfish), and by direct envenoming (scorpions, spiders, jellyfish, and echinoderms). Simple preventive techniques, such as wearing protective clothing, using a flashlight at night, and excluding venomous animals from sleeping quarters, are of paramount importance to reduce the risk of venomous bites and stings.


Assuntos
Mordeduras e Picadas/epidemiologia , Mordeduras e Picadas/prevenção & controle , Mordeduras e Picadas/terapia , Animais , Antivenenos/uso terapêutico , Ásia/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Ciguatera , Hemorragia/etiologia , Humanos , Intoxicação por Frutos do Mar
7.
Ces med. vet. zootec ; 12(2): 123-133, mayo-ago. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-890061

RESUMO

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las características clínicas del loxoscelismo dermonecrótico (LDN) en equinos del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. El estudio, fue de tipo descriptivo, no probabilístico, las muestra fueron seleccionadas por conveniencia. Se utilizaron nueve caballos criollos (Equus ferus caballus) y dos burros (Equus asinus africanus) con LDN diagnosticados clínica e histopatológicamente en diferentes producciones del Departamento. Al describir las lesiones cutáneas, éstas se caracterizaron por la presencia de una severa dermatitis necrótica, con edema y un área eritematosa focal, al detallar el área lesionada, se observó un punto necrótico central y dos halos alrededor (un halo blanco medial y un halo violáceo más externo) en la mayoría de los casos estudiados; así como ausencia de signos neurológicos y sistémicos. Las lesiones se ubicaron en la mayoría de los casos a nivel dorsal, seguido de la región rostral, pecho y pene. Histopatológicamente en la coloración de Hematoxilina Eosina (H&E), se observó severa dermatitis piogranulomatosa, con marcada infiltración de polimorfonucleares especialmente neutrófilos, con vacuolización de la capa basal de la epidermis y edema en la unión dermo-epidérmica. El diagnóstico definitivo de LDN en los 11 animales estudiados, se fundamentó en las manifestaciones clínicas observadas, las características anatomopatológicas de las lesiones y los resultados histopatológicos. El presente informe constituye el primer reporte de LDN en el Departamento de Córdoba, ya que no se encontraron reportes en la literatura consultada.


Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical aspects of dermonecrotic loxoscelism (LDN) in horses department of Cordoba, Colombia. This study was descriptive, not probabilistic, in animals of convenience. Nine horses (Equus ferus caballus) and 2 donkeys (Equus asinus africanus) were used with LDN diagnosed clinically and histopathologically in different productions of the Department. When describing the skin lesions, these were characterized by the presence of severe necrotic dermatitis, with edema and a focal erythematous area, when detailing the injured area, a central necrotic spot and two halos around it (a medial white halo and a halo Violet) in most of the cases studied; As well as absence of neurological and systemic signs. The lesions were located in most cases at the dorsal level, followed by the rostral region, chest and penis. Histopathologically in the staining of Hematoxylin Eosin (H & E), severe piogranulomatous dermatitis was observed, with marked infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells especially neutrophils, with vacuolization of the basal layer of the epidermis and edema in the dermo-epidermal junction. The definitive diagnosis of LDN in the 11 animals studied was based on the clinical manifestations observed, the anatomopathological characteristics of the lesions and the histopathological results. The present report constitutes the first LDN report in the Department of Córdoba, since no reports were found in the consulted literature.


Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os aspectos clínicos da loxoscelismo dermonecrótica (LDN) em equinos de Córdoba, Colômbia. Este estudo foi descritivo, não probabilístico, em animais de conveniência. Foram usados 9 cavalos (Equus ferus caballus) e 2 jumentos (Equus asinus africanus) com LDN clinicamente e histologicamente diagnosticado no Departamento diferentes produções. Ao descrever as lesões da pele, que foram caracterizados pela presença de dermatite necrotizante grave, edema e focal área eritematosa, detalhando a área lesionada, um ponto necrótico central e dois halos foram observados em torno de (halo branco medial e halo mais exterior) violáceo, na maioria dos casos estudados; e ausência de sinais neurológicos e sistémicas. As lesões foram localizados na maioria dos casos ao nível dorsal, seguida da rostral, peito e do pénis. Foi observada histologicamente em hematoxilina-eosina (H & E), dermatite piogranulomatosa grave, com infiltração acentuada de neutrófilos polimorfonucleares especialmente com vacuolização da camada basal da epiderme e edema na junção dermo-epidérmica. O diagnóstico definitivo da LDN nos 11 animais estudados foi baseado nas manifestações clínicas observadas, características histopatológicas de lesões e os resultados histopatológicos. O presente relatório constitui o primeiro relatório LDN no Departamento de Córdoba, uma vez que não foram encontrados relatórios na literatura consultada.

8.
Clin Kidney J ; 10(2): 229-232, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28396739

RESUMO

The patient was an 18-year-old man who developed nephrotic syndrome after a 'wheat spider' bite (Latrodectus mactans). Due to this atypical manifestation of latrodectism, a renal biopsy was performed showing minimal change disease. The nephrotic syndrome subsided after 1 week without specific treatment. This self-limited evolution suggests that the mechanism of podocyte damage was temporary and potentially mediated by a secondary mechanism of hypersensitivity or direct effect of the α-latrotoxin. The patient did not show signs of relapse in subsequent checkup. This is the first reported case of nephrotic syndrome due to a minimal change lesion secondary to latrodectism.

9.
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-443218

RESUMO

Loxoscelism is caused by envenomation by spiders that belong to the Loxosceles genus. In loxoscelism, a local necrotic lesion appears and, in many cases, loxoscelism or necrotic araneism is considered a serious public health problem. There is no diagnostic test available to help the physician make a diagnostic or therapeutic decision. Here, we report the case of a severe dermonecrotic araneism (loxoscelism) in Turkey probably due to the bite of Loxosceles rufescens. There was little erythema at the beginning, followed by severe necrosis after 20 days, and skin grafting was needed although the case was treated.

10.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis;14(1): 178-187, 2008. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-479350

RESUMO

Loxoscelism is caused by envenomation by spiders that belong to the Loxosceles genus. In loxoscelism, a local necrotic lesion appears and, in many cases, loxoscelism or necrotic araneism is considered a serious public health problem. There is no diagnostic test available to help the physician make a diagnostic or therapeutic decision. Here, we report the case of a severe dermonecrotic araneism (loxoscelism) in Turkey probably due to the bite of Loxosceles rufescens. There was little erythema at the beginning, followed by severe necrosis after 20 days, and skin grafting was needed although the case was treated.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Picada de Aranha , Saúde Pública , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina , Relatório de Pesquisa
11.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1522695

RESUMO

Se describen los principales aspectos epidemiológicos del loxoscelismo en el Perú. Las arañas caseras L. laeta y L. rufipes son las responsables del loxoscelismo an el país. Este envenenamiento se observa con mayor frecuencia en las ciudades de la costa del Pacífico. El mayor número de accidentes ocurre en los meses de verano, fundamentalmente en el interior del domicilio, en horas de la noche y primeras horas de la mañana; algunas veces la mordedura pasa desapercibida. Se revisaron casuísticas reportadas de hospitalizaciones ocurridas en el período 1943-1997 encontrándose 476 casos reportados. 74% correspondieron al síndrome cutáneo necrótico y 26% al síndrome sistémico ó cutáneo viscero-hemolítico. La mortalidad se asoció al síndrome sistémico con insuficiencia renal, siendo la letalidad mayor en pacientes menores de 13 años. Se proponen medidas de control y prevención de este emponzoñamiento y se postula qua investigaciones epidemiológicas pudieran identificar otros tipos de arañas como agentes de araneismo necrótico en el Perú diferentes a las Loxosceles.


We describe significant epidemiological features of loxoscellsm in Peru. House spiders L. Laeta and L. rufipes are the principal causes of this accidental envenomation. Highest number of spider bites are recorded in the cities along the Peruvian coast. Cases are more often observed in summer time, at home, at nigth and early morning. Sometimes this envenomation has no symptoms at the time of biting. 476 hospital cases reported from 1943 to date are presented. Clinical course causes necrotic scars in skin in about 74% and, sistemic symptoms in about 26%. Envenomation in adults have affected the kidneys to a lesser degree than people below 13 years old, running this with letality. Author's recommmendations for prevention and control of this spider envenomation are given and it is postulated that epidemiological research shoud be updated to acknowledge causes of necrothic arachnidism other than Loxosceles spp. in Perú.

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