Anestesia intravenosa parcial (AIVP) em uma lobo-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus) neonata / Partial intravenous anesthesia (PIVA) in a neonate maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Background: The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is the largest canid in South America and the only representative of its genus. The scientific literature presents studies referring to the management and anaesthesia of the species but is scarce in case of emergency procedures, and to date, there are no reports of anaesthesia for emergency procedures in a neonatal maned wolf. Thus, this study aimed to report xenotransfusion and emergency anaesthesia for thoracic limb amputation in an approximately 8-days-old maned wolf pup. Case: A maned wolf pup, approximately 8-day-old, with a history of an accident with an agricultural machine, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná - Palotina Sector (HVP - UFPR) with a grade III open fracture of left radius and ulna. At the physical evaluation, bullous rales were observed in the right caudal lobe on pulmonary auscultation, hypoglycemia and severe dehydration, the latter being determined by the occurrence of enophthalmos, increased capillary refill time and skin turgor (3 s). The hemogram revealed regenerative hypochromic macrocytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, and the chest radiograph showed alveolar pattern opacification, associated with the presence of air bronchograms in the caudal lobes, more evident on the right side, suggestive of pulmonary contusion. Considering the laboratory alterations and the need for amputation of the thoracic limb, xenotransfusion was chosen before the anaesthetic procedure. The animal was pre-medicated with methadone 0.2 mg/kg and anaesthetic induction was performed with propofol titrated to effect, requiring 10 mg/kg. This was followed by endotracheal intubation and anaesthetic maintenance using the partial intravenous technique with an infusion of 5 µg/kg/h of remifentanil and Isoflurane vaporised through a non-rebreathing system in oxygen at 0.6. Anaesthetic monitoring included heart rate and electrocardiogram tracing, respiratory rate, oxyhemoglobin saturation, end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide, systemic blood pressure by the oscillometric method, and oesophageal body temperature. Although the blood tests after the transfusion showed an increase in hematocrit, changes suggestive of a delayed hemolytic reaction because of the transfusion were also noticed. Discussion: Preanesthetic stabilisation is critical, as anaesthesia of unstable patients may result in a higher risk of anaesthetic complications. Critically ill patients may present systemic imbalances that can trigger pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes of anaesthetics and analgesics. Neonates have several marked physiological differences, since some organs are still immature, have a high body volume of water, and present a reduced amount of total fat and concentrations of circulating proteins, making it necessary to adjust protocols and doses used for these patients. Blood transfusion between the same species is always the best option, though xenotransfusion becomes an option when there is no homologous donor available. However, it can present a great risk to life, as there is a lack of studies regarding the blood typing of the species and blood compatibility tests. We concluded that there was an increase in hematocrit after 24 h of xenotransfusion and, even with signs of delayed hemolytic reaction observed in the blood test, the patient did not show specific clinical signs of transfusion reaction. The pup was sensitive to methadone but required a high dose of propofol for anaesthetic induction. The use of methadone as a pre-anaesthetic agent and the infusion of remifentanil provided adequate analgesia based on the parameters evaluated.

Construção simbólica frente à falha do recurso à droga na psicose / Construction symbolique face à l'échec de la consommation de drogue dans la psychose / Symbolic construction on the failure of drug use in psychosis

A inserção de psicanalistas em instituições da rede de saúde mental, em especial nos dispositivos de atenção a usuários de álcool e outras drogas, amplia a discussão sobre o diagnóstico estrutural frente ao uso de substâncias psicoativas. O recurso às drogas na psicose pode operar como uma tentativa de estabilização ao localizar no real da substância os efeitos da invasão do real dos sintomas psicóticos. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir, a partir de um caso clínico, a possibilidade de construção simbólica frente à falha deste recurso. O caso analisado pela teoria lacaniana demonstra que o uso de drogas pode ser capturado pelo processo de desorganização pulsional. Discute-se a função do sonho na psicose e sua relação com a construção delirante. O endereçamento transferencial ao analista, por outro lado, permite que o discurso sobre as drogas em sua dimensão significante opere como uma forma de construção simbólica para a amarração dos registros

L'insertion despsychanalystes dans les établissements du réseau d'assistance de la santé mentale, notamment dans les dispositifs de prise en charge des usagers d'alcool et d'autres drogues, élargit la réflexion sur le diagnostic structurel face à l'usage de substances psychoactives. L'usage de drogues dans la psychose peut opérer comme une tentative de stabilisation en situant dans le réel de la substance les effets de l'envahissement du réel des symptômes psychotiques. L'objectif de cet article est de discuter, a partir d'un cas clinique, de la possibilité d'une construction symbolique face à l'échec de cette ressource. Le cas, pour la théorie lacanienne, démontre que la consommation de drogues peut être capturée par le processus de désorganisation de la pulsion. Les rêves sont discutés a partir du délire et de sa fonction dans la psychose. L'adresse du transfert à l'analyste, au contraire, permet au discours sur la drogue dans sa dimension signifiante d'opérer comme une forme de construction symbolique pour nouer les registres.

The insertion of psychoanalysts in institutions of the mental health network, especially in spaces dedicated to the care of users of alcohol and other drugs, broadens the discussion on the structural diagnosis in the face of psychoactive substance use. The use of drugs in psychosis can operate as an attempt at stabbilization by locating in the real of the substance the effects of the invasion of the real of psychotic symptoms. The objective of this article is to discuss, based on a clinical case, the possibility of symbolic construction when facing the failure of this resource. The case demonstrates through lacan´s theory that drug use can be captured by the process of disorganization of the drive. The function of dream in psychosis is discussed through its relation to delusion. The transferential addre to the analyst, on the other hand, allows the discourse about drugs in its signifying dimension to operate as a form of symbolic construction for tying the registers

Effect of microwave and hot air treatment on enzyme activity, oil fraction quality and antioxidant activity of wheat germ.

The aim of this work was to study the effects of microwaves (MW) and hot air (HA) treatments on enzyme activities and quality parameters in wheat germ (WG). Both MW and HA were effective at inactivating lipases. MW treatment inactivated lipases more at lower temperatures (60 and 70 °C) than HA (150-200 °C). Peroxide values, acidity, and fatty acid profiles of WG oil remained unaltered after HA and MW treatments. Loss of α-tocopherol contents was observed following HA treatment, but total tocopherol content remained above 77% baselines values in all treated samples. The main antioxidant mechanism of WG extracts was associated with inactivation of radicals, rather than reducing capacity. MW treatment at 60 and 70 °C enhanced radical scavenging activity, while total polyphenol contents and reducing capacities were negatively affected. Therefore, MW treatment is a promising technology to stabilise WG, retaining quality and antioxidant activity.

The role of anterior supra-acetabular external fixator as definitive treatment for anterior ring fixation in unstable pelvic fractures.

PURPOSE: Management of anterior ring injuries is still a matter of discussion, and there are only few studies reporting anterior external fixator as definitive treatment for unstable pelvic injuries. This study aimed to describe the clinical and radiological outcomes of a consecutive series of mechanically unstable pelvic injuries that were treated with definitive anterior supra-acetabular external fixator for the anterior ring, and to identify risk factors for failure. METHODS: We included a consecutive series of patients with unstable pelvic ring fractures who underwent anterior supra-acetabular external fixation for definitive treatment, between January 2012 and January 2020. All demographics, associated injuries and procedures, injury mechanism, and complications were analysed. Pelvic fracture was classified based on Orthopaedic Trauma Association/Tile AO (OTA/AO) and Young-Burgess classifications. Complications associated with the external fixator were revised. All patients were functionally evaluated at final follow-up and asked to report their clinical outcomes using the Majeed score. RESULTS: A total of 47 patients were included, of which 25 were females. The median age was 44 years (interquartile range 23-59). Median follow-up duration was 14 months (interquartile range 6-31). The most frequent aetiology was motor vehicle accident (35), followed by fall from height (8). All fractures required posterior pelvic ring fixation. The median time during which patients had external fixation in situ was 11 weeks (interquartile range 9-13). All patients achieved healing of pelvic fracture at median time of 10 weeks (interquartile range 8-12). At final follow-up, the median displacement of the anterior pelvis was 6 mm (interquartile range 0-11). Superficial infection was the most common complication (n = 7). No washout procedures were needed. No major complication was reported. No patient required reoperation for anterior ring fracture. The median Majeed score was 88 points (range 60-95; interquartile range 80-90) at final follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the use of supra-acetabular external fixator is safe and effective for definitive treatment of the anterior ring in unstable pelvic fractures. It is a method with high proportion of excellent results, regardless of the type of fracture. The rate of complications is low, and it does not compromise functional results.

Simple mid-depth transverse baffles to improve bacterial disinfection in a shallow maturation pond - performance evaluation and CFD simulation.

Sunlight-mediated disinfection in wastewater treatment ponds is widely recognised as the main role for disinfection, but pathogen removal can be limited by poor light penetration in the water column. The aim of this research is to evaluate a different and simple type of intervention for improving bacterial disinfection, by placing mid-depth transverse baffles perpendicular to the theoretical flow in an existing shallow maturation pond, aiming at increasing the opportunity for bacteria to receive radiation at the upper layers of the pond. In order to understand the hydrodynamic mechanisms and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed intervention, a 3D Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model was applied, including the transverse baffles and a particle-tracking model. This was complemented by monitoring E. coli in the pond, in the phase before and after inclusion of the transversal baffles. Overall, the transverse baffles increased disinfection efficiency by moulding/re-routing the hydrodynamic flow and increasing microorganism exposure to the sunlight.

Clínica, psicopatologia e laço social hoje / Clinique, psychopathologie et lien social aujourd'hui / Clinic, psychopathology and social bond today

Procuramos debater algumas perspectivas da clínica contemporânea e do campo da psicopatologia no contexto do laço social hoje, tomando como base as mudanças conceituais em Jacques Lacan sobre o Nome-doPai e as incidências sobre a noção de suplência no seu último ensino. Entendemos que a renovação da clínica em Lacan revigora a psicopatologia na lógica borromeana e orienta a prática do psicanalista na clínica do Real.

Clinique, psychopathologie et lien social aujourd'hui: On cherche à débattre de certaines perspectives de la clinique contemporaine et du domaine de la psychopathologie dans le contexte du lien social aujourd'hui. On l'examine à partir des changements conceptuels de Jacques Lacan autour du Nom-du-Père et des incidences sur la notion de suppléance dans ses dernières études. On comprend que la rénovation de la clinique de Lacan revigore la psychopathologie dans la logique borroméenne et guide la pratique du psychanalyste dans la clinique du Réel.

Clinic, psychopathology and social bond today: In this study, we discussed some perspectives of contemporary clinic and psychopathology field in the current social bond context, based on Jacques Lacan's concept changes regarding the Name-of-The-Father and the incidences of s replacement notion in his last teaching. We understand that clinic reformulation in Lacan invigorates the field of psychopathology in Borromean logic and guides psychoanalysts' practices in the clinic of the real.

Defining national biogenic methane targets: Implications for national food production & climate neutrality objectives.

Methane is a short-lived greenhouse gas (GHG) modelled distinctly from long-lived GHGs such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide to establish global emission budgets for climate stabilisation. The Paris Agreement requires a 24-47% reduction in global biogenic methane emissions by 2050. Separate treatment of methane in national climate policies will necessitate consideration of how global emission budgets compatible with climate stabilisation can be downscaled to national targets, but implications of different downscaling rules for national food production and climate neutrality objectives are poorly understood. This study addresses that knowledge gap by examining four methods to determine national methane quotas, and two methods of GHG aggregation (GWP100 and GWP*) across four countries with contrasting agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) sectors and socio-economic contexts (Brazil, France, India and Ireland). Implications for production of methane-intensive food (milk, meat, eggs and rice) in 2050 and national AFOLU climate neutrality targets are explored. It is assumed that methane quotas are always filled by food production where sufficient land is available. Global methane budgets for 1.5 °C scenarios are downscaled to national quotas based on: grand-parenting (equal percentage reductions across countries); equity (equal per capita emissions); ability (emission reductions proportionate to GDP); animal protein security (emissions proportionate to animal protein production in 2010). The choice of allocation method changes national methane quotas by a factor of between 1.7 (India) and 6.7 (Ireland). Despite projected reductions in emission-intensities, livestock production would need to decrease across all countries except India to comply with quotas under all but the most optimistic sustainable intensification scenarios. The extent of potential afforestation on land spared from livestock production is decisive in achieving climate neutrality. Brazil and Ireland could maintain some degree of milk and beef export whilst achieving territorial climate neutrality, but scenarios that comply with climate neutrality in India produce only circa 30% of national calorie and protein requirements via rice and livestock. The downscaling of global methane budgets into national policy targets in an equitable and internationally acceptable manner will require simultaneous consideration of the interconnected priorities of food security and (land banks available for) carbon offsetting.

Stabilisation of betalains and phenolic compounds extracted from red cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) by spray and freeze-drying using oca (Oxalis tuberosa) starch as drying aid.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the stabilisation of betalains and phenolic compounds extracted from red cactus pear by spray and freeze-drying. After hydroethanolic extraction and partial solvent removal under reduced pressure, the highly coloured extracts were enriched with oca starch and maltodextrin as drying aids in different ratios (100:0, 70:30, and 50:50, oca starch: maltodextrin) prior to spray and freeze-drying. The obtained microencapsulated extract powders were characterised by moisture content, hygroscopicity, solubility and morphology. In addition, the stability of the encapsulated betalains and phenolics was evaluated during storage at room temperature for 105 days. All microcapsules showed high retentions of betacyanins (69.9-86.5% after 105 days), betaxanthins (72.2-81.9%), phenolic compounds (46.5-63.5%) and antioxidant capacity (60.1-64.9%, FRAP method; 49.7-57.5%, ABTS method). The system with 70:30 starch:maltodextrin ratio as drying aids showed the highest values of retention regarding the polyphenol content (63.5%), antioxidant capacity (64.9% to FRAP method) and betacyanin content (86.5%), as well as a low degradation rate constant of betacyanins (1.23 × 10-3 days-1) and a long half-life (563 days). Oca starch used alone or in combination with maltodextrin has been shown to work adequately as a microencapsulating agent and stabilizer of pigments and antioxidants derived from red cactus pear.

Steinmann pins and polymethylmethacrylate repair of fourth lumbar vertebral fracture and dorsocranial luxation in puppy

Background: Acute spinal traumas can lead to irreversible damage associated with vascular and inflammatory changes in neural tissue. Since spine and spinal cord traumas have an unfavorable prognosis in small animals, and reports of the use of Steinmann pins and polymethylmethacrylate repair of lumbar vertebra fracture-luxation in puppies are rare in the literature, the present paper aimed to report the surgical treatment of transversal fracture through the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, with dorsocranial displacement of the caudal fragment by using Steinmann pins and polymethylmethacrylate in a 7-month-old Labrador Retriever male dog. Case: A 7-month-old intact male Labrador Retriever dog, weighing 24.0 kg was attended at School Veterinary Hospital with a history of hit by car and paraplegia of the hind limbs. On neurological examination was observed no proprioception and no deep pain sensitivity on the both pelvic limbs. The lumbar spinal palpation showed intense pain, and the motor function and patellar reflexes were reduced. The values of haematological and biochemical analysis remained within the reference values for the species. Radiographs revealed a transversal fracture through the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, with dorsocranial displacement of the caudal fragment, and was decided to perform a surgical treatment by open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture. The dog was positioned in ventral recumbency for surgery, and a dorsal midline incision was made from the second lumbar vertebra to the sixth lumbar vertebra. Two crossed 1.5 mm Kirschner wires were placed through the caudal articular facets of the fourth lumbar vertebra to provide initial stability...(AU)

Invenção e estabilização: uma experiência com crianças autistas em dispositivos de Saúde Mental / Invention and stabilization: an experience with autistic children in Mental Health units / Invention et stabilisation: une expérience avec des enfants autistiques dans des dispositifs de Santé Mentale / Invención y estabilización: una experiencia con niños autistas en dispositivos de Salud Mental

O artigo aborda o valor do trabalho de invenção como forma de estabilização na clínica do autismo, a partir de um projeto de extensão universitária voltada a crianças em grave sofrimento psíquico, que tem a psicanálise como direção de trabalho e de tratamento. Durante esta vivência, podemos presenciar - a partir do acompanhamento do movimento dessas crianças - sujeitos que, por meio de suas manifestações particulares, buscavam produzir algo que estabilizasse sua desorganização psíquica. Assim, entende-se que o trabalho subjetivo implicado no ato da invenção - enquanto o ato que um sujeito realiza uma construção singular de elementos de sua história a partir de materiais já existentes - pode redundar numa estabilização e mediação com o campo do Outro por parte do sujeito, algo que foi possível observar nessa experiência clínica.

This article discusses the value of invention work as a form of stabilization in the clinic of autism. It is based on a university extension project aimed at children with severe psychic suffering in which psychoanalysis is used to guide work and treatment. Watching the movement of those children allowed us to single out subjects who, through their particular manifestations, sought to produce something that would stabilize their psychic disorganization. Therefore, we understand that the subjective work involved in the act of invention - as an act through which a subject performs a unique construction of elements of his history based on existing materials - may result in stabilization and mediation with the field of the Other by of the subject, which was observed in this clinical experience..

Cet article discute de la valeur du travail d'invention en tant que forme de stabilisation dans la clinique pour autistes, basé sur un projet d'extension universitaire destiné aux enfants souffrant de troubles psychiques sévères, dont la psychanalyse guide le travail et le traitement. Au cours de cette expérience, nous avons détecté - en suivant les mouvements de ces enfants - de sujets qui, par leurs manifestations particulières, cherchaient à produire quelque chose qui stabiliserait leur désorganisation psychique. Ainsi, il est entendu que le travail subjectif impliqué dans l'acte de l'invention - comme acte de construction unique d'éléments de l'histoire du sujet à partir de matériaux existants - peut aboutir à une stabilisation et à une médiation du champ de l'Autre de la part du sujet, ce qui a été observé dans cette expérience clinique..

El artículo discute el valor del trabajo de invención como forma de estabilización en la clínica del autismo, a partir de un proyecto de extensión universitaria dirigido a niños con graves trastornos psíquicos, que tiene al psicoanálisis como orientador del trabajo y del tratamiento. Durante esta experiencia, podemos presenciar - desde el seguimiento del movimiento de estos niños - sujetos que, a través de sus manifestaciones particulares, buscaron producir algo que estabilizara su desorganización psíquica. Por lo tanto, se entiende que el trabajo subjetivo involucrado en el acto de la invención - como el acto en el que un sujeto realiza una construcción única de elementos de su historia a partir de elementos existentes - puede resultar en una estabilización y mediación con el campo del Otro por parte del tema, algo que puede ser observado en esta experiencia clínica.

Steinmann pins and polymethylmethacrylate repair of fourth lumbar vertebral fracture and dorsocranial luxation in puppy

Background: Acute spinal traumas can lead to irreversible damage associated with vascular and inflammatory changes in neural tissue. Since spine and spinal cord traumas have an unfavorable prognosis in small animals, and reports of the use of Steinmann pins and polymethylmethacrylate repair of lumbar vertebra fracture-luxation in puppies are rare in the literature, the present paper aimed to report the surgical treatment of transversal fracture through the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, with dorsocranial displacement of the caudal fragment by using Steinmann pins and polymethylmethacrylate in a 7-month-old Labrador Retriever male dog. Case: A 7-month-old intact male Labrador Retriever dog, weighing 24.0 kg was attended at School Veterinary Hospital with a history of hit by car and paraplegia of the hind limbs. On neurological examination was observed no proprioception and no deep pain sensitivity on the both pelvic limbs. The lumbar spinal palpation showed intense pain, and the motor function and patellar reflexes were reduced. The values of haematological and biochemical analysis remained within the reference values for the species. Radiographs revealed a transversal fracture through the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, with dorsocranial displacement of the caudal fragment, and was decided to perform a surgical treatment by open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture. The dog was positioned in ventral recumbency for surgery, and a dorsal midline incision was made from the second lumbar vertebra to the sixth lumbar vertebra. Two crossed 1.5 mm Kirschner wires were placed through the caudal articular facets of the fourth lumbar vertebra to provide initial stability...

A elaboração conceitual da teoria freudiana do desencadeamento e estabilização / The conceptual elaboration of freud's theory of triggering and stabilization / La elaboración conceptual de la teoría freudiana del desencadenamiento y estabilización / L'élaboration conceptuelle de la théorie de freud sur le déclenchement et la stabilisation

O ponto de partida do artigo é mostrar a relevância e a atualidade da teoria freudiana da psicose. Nesse sentido, o objetivo é retomar a literatura visando a delimitar uma hipótese inaugural sobre o desencadeamento e a estabilização, em que a perturbação do funcionamento pulsional já se constituía como fator importante na etiologia psíquica de seu desencadeamento e o delírio, como um trabalho psíquico de reparação, de estabilização. Para isso, o artigo expõe um levantamento das referências freudianas a fim de mostrar o desenvolvimento epistemológico de uma pesquisa etiológica cuja especificidade reside em: 1. Considerar a etiologia da psicose à luz da invasão pulsional; 2. Isolar, por meio do conceito de rejeição, um processo psíquico específico de defesa contra a pulsão cujo resultado é a perda da realidade; 3. Definir a função do delírio como reparador, restituidor da realidade.

The starting point of the paper is to show the relevance and timeliness of Freud's theory of psychosis. In this sense, the objective is to retake the literature aiming to delimit an inaugural hypothesis about the triggering and the stabilization, in which the disturbance of the drive functioning was already constituted as an important factor in the psychic etiology of its triggering and the delirium, as a psychic work repair, stabilization. To this end, the article exposes a survey of Freudian references to show the epistemological development of the etiological research whose specificity lies in 1: Considering the etiology of psychosis in light of the drive invasion; 2: Isolate, through the concept of rejection, a specific psychic process of defense against the drive which results in the loss of reality; and 3: Define the function of delirium as restorative, a restorer of reality.

El punto de salida de este trabajo es enseñar la relevancia y la actualidad de la teoría freudiana de la psicosis. En este sentido, el objetivo es retomar la literatura para delimitar una hipótesis inaugural sobre el desencadenamiento y la estabilización, en que la perturbación del funcionamiento pulsional ya se constituía como factor importante en la etiología psíquica de su desencadenamiento y el delirio, como un trabajo psíquico de reparación, de estabilización. Para eso, el trabajo expone una búsqueda de las referencias freudianas con el fin de enseñar el desenvolvimiento epistemológico de una investigación etiológica cuya especificidad reside en: 1. Considerar la etiología de la psicosis a la luz de la invasión pulsional; 2. Aislar, por medio del concepto de rechazo, un proceso químico específico de defensa contra la pulsión cuyo resultado es la perdida de la realidad; 3. Definir la función del delirio como reparador, restituidor de la realidad.

Le point de départ de cet article est de montrer la pertinence et l'actualité de la théorie de Freud sur la psychose. En ce sens, l'objectif est de reprendre la littérature pour délimiter une hypothèse inaugurale sur le déclenchement et la stabilisation. Dans l'hypothèse, le dérangement du fonctionnement de la pulsion était déjà constitué comme un facteur important dans l'étiologie psychique de son déclenchement. Du délire, à son tour, comme un travail psychique de réparation et de stabilisation. Pour cela, l'article expose des références freudiennes afin de montrer le développement épistémologique d'une recherche étiologique dont la spécificité réside dans: 1. Considérer l'étiologie de la psychose à la lumière de désintrication pulsionnelle; 2 Isoler, à travers le concept de rejet, un processus psychique spécifique de défense contre la pulsion dont le résultat et la perte de la réalité; 3 Définir la fonction du délire en tant que réparateur, restaurateur de la réalité.

Encapsulation of cactus (Opuntia megacantha) betaxanthins by ionic gelation and spray drying: A comparative study.

The encapsulation of betaxanthins from orange Opuntia megacantha fruits was performed as a stabilisation strategy for these natural pigments. Betaxanthin-rich extract (BE) was encapsulated by two methodologies, spray drying (SD) and ionic gelation (IG). Encapsulates were obtained by using two encapsulating agents (EA), a mixture of maltodextrin-cactus cladode mucilage and sodium alginate (SA) for SD and IG, respectively. Their properties were compared with the freeze-dried cactus fruit pulp (CP) as control. Total betaxanthin content, moisture content, water activity (aw), particle size, morphology by SEM, colour parameters (CIELab), and thermogravimetric properties were analysed in the encapsulates. Additionally, the antioxidant activity, total dietary fibre content, and pigment stability of encapsulates under two relative humidity conditions were also evaluated. The results showed that the encapsulation technique, EA concentration, and the BE/EA ratio affected the particle size and morphology, the glass transition temperature, and the mass loss of encapsulated materials. The best pigment stabilisation was obtained for the SD capsules, although both encapsulation techniques allowed improving the pigment stability in comparison with the CP taken as control. These results provided evidence that betaxanthins from Opuntia megacantha have the potential to be used as natural pigments, soluble in water, with functional properties for the food industry.

Desenvolvimento do self e processos de hiperindividualização: interrogações à Psicologia Dialógica / The development of the self and the process of hiper-individualization: inquiries to the Dialogical Psychology / Le développement du soi et les processus de l'hiperindividualisation: interrogations pour la Psychologie Dialogique / Desarrollo del self y proceso de hiperindividualización: cuestiones a la Psicología Dialógica

Em psicologia, à perspectiva dialógica estão associadas teorias do self, em especial a Teoria do Self Dialógico (TSD). Embora avanços consistentes venham sendo alcançados no que se refere à compreensão da organização dinâmica da estrutura do self no tempo microgenético, a teoria carece de estudos que se aprofundem na compreensão do desenvolvimento do self, tomando-se por base os distintos níveis temporais e suas relações. Este estudo propõe explorar essa lacuna, tomando por ponto de partida a tríade epistemológica da abordagem dialógica, a saber, suas bases semiótico-culturais, fenomenológicas e construcionistas. Em seguida, apresentará um estudo de caso em que serão analisadas as transições de desenvolvimento de um adolescente, considerando-se os complexos semióticos de gênero, raça e religião e seu papel nas transformações vividas em termos da organização temporal do self.(AU)

In Psychology the dialogical perspective is associated with various theories of self, in special, the Dialogical Self Theory (DST). Although important theoretical and methodological advances have been achieved by DST concerning our comprehension of the dynamic organization of the structure of the self in micro-genetic (temporal) processes, this perspective is in need of theories that explore in depth the development of the self including multiple temporal levels of organization and their mutual relationships. This paper aims to explore the triadic epistemological basis of the dialogical perspective in psychology, i.e., the cultural-semiotic basis, the phenomenology, and constructionism. Then, a case study concerning developmental transitions of an adolescent will be presented. We will analyze the semiotic complexes of gender, race and religion, as well as their role in the personal changes lived by him, in terms of the temporal organization of the self.(AU)

En psychologie, la perspective dialogique est associée à la théorie du soi (self) qui a été développée, en particulier, à travers les théories du soi dialogique (dialogic self theory; DST). Bien que des avancées théoriques et méthodologiques importantes aient été réalisées par les DST concernant notre compréhension de l'organisation dynamique des structures du soi chez les processus microgénétiques (temporels), ces théories requièrent des recherches qui explorent en profondeur le développement du soi, lesquels doivent porter sur les multiples niveaux temporels et leur rapport mutuel. Cet article propose d'explorer cette lacune à partir des approches dialogiques psychologiques, soit leurs bases sémiotique-culturelles, phénoménologiques et constructionnistes. Enfin, on analyse les complexes sémiotiques de genre, de race et de religion, ainsi que leur rôle sur le plan des changements de l'organisation temporelle du soi d'un adolescent.(AU)

En psicología, a la mirada dialógica se la relacionan teorías del self, especialmente, la Teoría del Self Dialógico (TSD). Aunque haya avanzado significativamente en lo que atañe a la comprensión de la organización dinámica de la estructura del self en el tiempo microgenético, la perspectiva carece de estudios que profundicen la comprensión del desarrollo del self, tomando como base los distintos niveles temporales y sus relaciones. Este estudio se propone a explotar esta laguna a partir de la tríada epistemológica del abordaje dialógico, es decir, sus bases semiótico-culturales, fenomenológicas y construccionistas. Enseguida, presenta un estudio de caso en el que se analizarán transiciones de desarrollo de un adolescente, considerándose los complejos semióticos de género, raza y religión, y su papel en las transformaciones vividas en términos de organización temporal del self.(AU)

Desenvolvimento do self e processos de hiperindividualização: interrogações à Psicologia Dialógica / The development of the self and the process of hiper-individualization: inquiries to the Dialogical Psychology / Le développement du soi et les processus de l'hiperindividualisation: interrogations pour la Psychologie Dialogique / Desarrollo del self y proceso de hiperindividualización: cuestiones a la Psicología Dialógica

Resumo: Em psicologia, à perspectiva dialógica estão associadas teorias do self, em especial a Teoria do Self Dialógico (TSD). Embora avanços consistentes venham sendo alcançados no que se refere à compreensão da organização dinâmica da estrutura do self no tempo microgenético, a teoria carece de estudos que se aprofundem na compreensão do desenvolvimento do self, tomando-se por base os distintos níveis temporais e suas relações. Este estudo propõe explorar essa lacuna, tomando por ponto de partida a tríade epistemológica da abordagem dialógica, a saber, suas bases semiótico-culturais, fenomenológicas e construcionistas. Em seguida, apresentará um estudo de caso em que serão analisadas as transições de desenvolvimento de um adolescente, considerando-se os complexos semióticos de gênero, raça e religião e seu papel nas transformações vividas em termos da organização temporal do self.

Abstract: In Psychology the dialogical perspective is associated with various theories of self, in special, the Dialogical Self Theory (DST). Although important theoretical and methodological advances have been achieved by DST concerning our comprehension of the dynamic organization of the structure of the self in micro-genetic (temporal) processes, this perspective is in need of theories that explore in depth the development of the self including multiple temporal levels of organization and their mutual relationships. This paper aims to explore the triadic epistemological basis of the dialogical perspective in psychology, i.e., the cultural-semiotic basis, the phenomenology, and constructionism. Then, a case study concerning developmental transitions of an adolescent will be presented. We will analyze the semiotic complexes of gender, race and religion, as well as their role in the personal changes lived by him, in terms of the temporal organization of the self.

Résumé: En psychologie, la perspective dialogique est associée à la théorie du soi (self) qui a été développée, en particulier, à travers les théories du soi dialogique (dialogic self theory; DST). Bien que des avancées théoriques et méthodologiques importantes aient été réalisées par les DST concernant notre compréhension de l'organisation dynamique des structures du soi chez les processus microgénétiques (temporels), ces théories requièrent des recherches qui explorent en profondeur le développement du soi, lesquels doivent porter sur les multiples niveaux temporels et leur rapport mutuel. Cet article propose d'explorer cette lacune à partir des approches dialogiques psychologiques, soit leurs bases sémiotique-culturelles, phénoménologiques et constructionnistes. Enfin, on analyse les complexes sémiotiques de genre, de race et de religion, ainsi que leur rôle sur le plan des changements de l'organisation temporelle du soi d'un adolescent.

Resumen: En psicología, a la mirada dialógica se la relacionan teorías del self, especialmente, la Teoría del Self Dialógico (TSD). Aunque haya avanzado significativamente en lo que atañe a la comprensión de la organización dinámica de la estructura del self en el tiempo microgenético, la perspectiva carece de estudios que profundicen la comprensión del desarrollo del self, tomando como base los distintos niveles temporales y sus relaciones. Este estudio se propone a explotar esta laguna a partir de la tríada epistemológica del abordaje dialógico, es decir, sus bases semiótico-culturales, fenomenológicas y construccionistas. Enseguida, presenta un estudio de caso en el que se analizarán transiciones de desarrollo de un adolescente, considerándose los complejos semióticos de género, raza y religión, y su papel en las transformaciones vividas en términos de organización temporal del self.

Habitar, construir, existir: algunas consideraciones sobre el cuerpo en las psicosis / Habitar, construir, existir: algumas considerações sobre o corpo nas psicoses / To inhabit, to build, to exist: considerations concerning the body in psychoses / Habiter, bâtir, exister: quelques considérations sur le corps dans les psychoses / Wohnen, bauen, existieren: einige Überlegungen zum Körper in Psychosen / 住留，构建，存在：对肉体与精神世界的关系的思考

Desde Freud, Lacan y de un importante texto de Heidegger, que se ocupa del tema del habitar, se destaca la cuestión de la inscripción del cuerpo — la primera morada — desde el encuentro con el Otro. La ausencia del significante de la falta impide el psicótico de, en ciertas situaciones, apropiarse del sentido desencadenando la psicosis. La invención del cuerpo propio es una vía de rescate de la ruptura de la realidad y de la estabilización en las psicosis.

A partir de Freud, de Lacan e de um importante ensaio de Heidegger, que trata do tema do habitar, destaca-se a questão da inscrição do corpo — primeira morada — a partir do encontro com o Outro. A ausência do significante da falta impede o psicótico de, em certas situações, se apropriar do sentido fato que produz o desencadeamento da psicose. A invenção do corpo próprio resgata o sujeito da errância produzida pelo rompimento da realidade e produz a estabilização na psicose.

Based on Freud, Lacan and on an important essay by Heidegger dealing with the topic of inhabiting, the question concerning the inscription of the body — the first home — is highlighted following an encounter with the Other. The absence of the meaning of lack prevents the psychotic person, in certain situations, from appropriating for himself the sense fact that leads to the onset of psychosis. The invention of the personal body saves the subject from the wanderings produced by the disruption of reality, and leads to stabilization of the psychosis.

Depuis Freud, Lacan et un important essai de Heidegger traitant du thème de l’habiter, on distingue la question de l'inscription du corps — la première demeure — à partir de la rencontre avec l'Autre. L'absence du signifiant du manque empêche le psychotique, dans certains cas, de s'approprier le sens, fait qui produit le déclenchement de la psychose. L'invention du corps lui-même délivre le sujet de l'errance produite par la rupture de la réalité et produit la stabilisation dans la psychose.

Freud, Lacan und ein wichtiger Aufsatz Heideggers, der sich mit dem Thema Wohnen beschäftigt, bilden die Grundlage unserer Analyse über die Inskription des Körpers — der erste Wohnort — ab der Begegnung mit dem Anderen. Die Abwesenheit des Signifikanten des Mangels hindert den Psychotischen daran, in bestimmten Situationen, sich den Sinn anzueignen, ein Umstand der den Ausbruch der Psychose erzeugt. Die Erfindung des eigenen Körpers rettet das Subjekt vom Umherirren, welches durch den Bruch mit der Realität erzeugt wurde und erzeugt eine Stabilisierung in der Psychose.

佛罗依德，拉孔，甚至海德格尔的一篇重要的文章，都探讨了关于精神在肉体的住留问题，特别是关于肉体和精神的相遇，肉体“注册”成为精神的第一栖息地。专家指出，精神和肉体的缺乏有意义的协调，在某些情况下，会阻碍精神驾驭感知，从而引发精神病。我们认为对肉体的干预是解决精神和肉体关系不协调的一种办法，一种稳定精神病症的办法。.

[Adherence to a stability exercise program in patients with chronic low back pain]. / Adherencia al programa de ejercicios de estabilización lumbar en pacientes con dolor crónico de espalda baja.

BACKGROUND: Chronic low back pain is a major cause of disability. The most effective intervention is exercise, with higher benefits in terms of pain and function. OBJECTIVE: Knowing the level of adherence to therapeutic exercise is essential to assess the effectiveness of health services, for planning strategies, optimising resources, and promoting the full recovery of patients in less time. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, observational study with 6 months follow-up was performed on 31 patients with chronic low back pain who underwent a lumbar stability program. Rating scales for pain, function, anxiety, depression and fear of avoidance were applied. Adherence was recorded using daily therapy diary. Parametric tests were performed to determine correlations of interest, and to evaluate the changes presented over time. RESULTS: The percentage of adherence was 82-84% during the 3 trimesters. There were no correlations between adherence and socio-demographic variables, depression, anxiety, or fear of avoidance. Patients categorised as adherent showed faster and more significant improvements in pain and function (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: At the end of the study all patients had a significant improvement in pain and function. Depressed patients showed higher scores on scales of pain and disability at the beginning and end of the study. However, neither depression, anxiety, nor fear of running activity were predictors of non-adherence to the therapy.

A suplência perversa em sujeitos psicóticos como uma possível chave de leitura da psicopatia / La suppléance perverse chez les patients psychotiques comme un possible axe delecture de la psychopathie / The perverse replacement in psychotic individuals as a possible key for understanding psycopathy

O artigo busca defender a hipótese de que muitos casos diagnosticados como psicopatias podem na verdade ser casos em que psicóticos fazem uso de arranjos estabilizadores com matizes perversos. Para tanto, recorre ao texto do psicanalista francês Jean-Claude Maleval, intitulado “Suplência perversa em um sujeito psicótico”. A partir do esmiuçamento desse trabalho e do caso clínico que ele apresenta, coleta subsídios teóricos que demonstram como em algumas psicoses pode-se observar certa conivência com atos sadomasoquistas extremos, o que, não raro, leva a diagnósticos equivocados, como o de psicopatia(AU)

L'article cherche à défendre l'hypothèse que de nombreux cas classés comme des psychopaties ne sont en fait que des arrangements stabilisants à nuances perverses faits par des individus psychotiques. Pour ce faire, le texte du psychanalyste français Jean-Claude Maleval intitulé "Suppléance perverse chez un sujet psychotique." De l’analyse de ce travail et du cas clinique qu'il présente, sont prélevés des éléments théoriques qui montrent comment dans certaines psychoses il est possible d’observer une certaine connivence avec des actes sadomasochistes extrêmes, ce qui conduit souvent à des erreurs de diagnostic, tels que la psychopathie(AU)

The article aims to defend the hypothesis that many cases with psychopathic diagnoses may in fact be cases in which psychotics use stabilizing arrangements with perverse nuances. In order to do so, we resorted to an article from the French psychoanalyst Jean Claude Maleval called “Perverted replacement in a psychotic individual”. From the study of that work and the clinical case that it presents, we have collected the theoretical elements that show how in some psychoses we observe a certain collusion with extreme sadomasochistic acts, which leads, frequently, to flawed diagnosis such as psychopathy(AU)

A suplência perversa em sujeitos psicóticos como uma possível chave de leitura da psicopatia / La suppléance perverse chez les patients psychotiques comme un possible axe delecture de la psychopathie / The perverse replacement in psychotic individuals as a possible key for understanding psycopathy

O artigo busca defender a hipótese de que muitos casos diagnosticados como psicopatias podem na verdade ser casos em que psicóticos fazem uso de arranjos estabilizadores com matizes perversos. Para tanto, recorre ao texto do psicanalista francês Jean-Claude Maleval, intitulado “Suplência perversa em um sujeito psicótico”. A partir do esmiuçamento desse trabalho e do caso clínico que ele apresenta, coleta subsídios teóricos que demonstram como em algumas psicoses pode-se observar certa conivência com atos sadomasoquistas extremos, o que, não raro, leva a diagnósticos equivocados, como o de psicopatia

L'article cherche à défendre l'hypothèse que de nombreux cas classés comme des psychopaties ne sont en fait que des arrangements stabilisants à nuances perverses faits par des individus psychotiques. Pour ce faire, le texte du psychanalyste français Jean-Claude Maleval intitulé "Suppléance perverse chez un sujet psychotique." De l’analyse de ce travail et du cas clinique qu'il présente, sont prélevés des éléments théoriques qui montrent comment dans certaines psychoses il est possible d’observer une certaine connivence avec des actes sadomasochistes extrêmes, ce qui conduit souvent à des erreurs de diagnostic, tels que la psychopathie

The article aims to defend the hypothesis that many cases with psychopathic diagnoses may in fact be cases in which psychotics use stabilizing arrangements with perverse nuances. In order to do so, we resorted to an article from the French psychoanalyst Jean Claude Maleval called “Perverted replacement in a psychotic individual”. From the study of that work and the clinical case that it presents, we have collected the theoretical elements that show how in some psychoses we observe a certain collusion with extreme sadomasochistic acts, which leads, frequently, to flawed diagnosis such as psychopathy

Desplazamiento forzado, niñez y adolescencia: escenarios en relación con su estabilización socioeconómica / Forced displacement, childhood and adolescence: scenarios regarding socioeconomic stability

Objetivo Describir y analizar escenarios de estabilización socioeconómica para población en situación de desplazamiento forzado, en los que se preste especial atención a la situación de niños, niñas y adolescentes. Métodos Se utiliza, a partir de talleres de expertos, el método Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), elaborado por el profesor Thomas Saaty con participación investigadores, ONG y de comunidades en situación de desplazamiento del Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga. Resultados El resultado parcial de esta investigación muestra como algunos adultos mayores de comunidades en situación de desplazamiento forzado prefieren adaptarse a los centros urbanos, antes que retornar sus lugares de origen, en particular cuando se trata de la protección y el bienestar de sus hijos menores. El índice de consistencia y la relación de consistencia del método están dentro de los parámetros previstos. Conclusión Es necesario repensar los programas de estabilización socioeconómica promovidos por el gobierno en relación con la población en situación de desplazamiento forzado, en particular cuando se prevén situaciones que comprometen el bienestar de los niños, niñas y adolecentes.

Objective Describing and analysing socio-economic stabilisation scenarios for populations which have been forcibly displaced paying special attention to the situation of children and adolescents. Method The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) multi-criteria decision-making method developed by Professor Thomas Saaty was used through expert workshops, involving researchers, leaders of NGOs and displaced communities living in the city of Bucaramanga. Results The partial result of this research showed that some elderly adults from forcibly displaced communities preferred to adapt themselves to urban centres, rather than return to their places of origin, particularly when it came to protecting younger children and dealing with their welfare. The method's consistency index and consistency ratio came within the expected parameters. Conclusion Government-promoted social and economic stabilisation programmes must be rethought regarding forcibly displaced populations, particularly when situations are envisaged involving the welfare of children and adolescents.