[Retrospective surveys on intoxications with essential oils]. / Enquêtes sur la survenue d'intoxications après l'utilisation d'huiles essentielles, comparaison avec les données du CAP d'Angers (2017­2018).

OBJECTIVES: Non-conventional medicines are not devoid of toxicity and it is relevant to establish an inventory of the general public's knowledge of essential oils. The objective is to identify the profile of the victims of a poisoning, the ways of administration and the symptoms as well as the incriminated essential oils. METHODS: Two surveys, for the general public and health professional, were distributed (January-March 2019). In addition, data from the Angers poison control center for the period 2017-2018 were analyzed and compared with the data from our study. RESULTS: Our surveys gathered 623 and 59 answers. The data of the poison control center of Angers counted 741 intoxications. The precautions for use and contra-indications of essential oils are not well known since 5% of the respondents identified them correctly. Our data show that using a mixture increases the risk of intoxication (P<0.02). The most cited essential oils in case of intoxication are Eucalyptus, Tea tree and Lavender. The symptoms mainly concern a cutaneous application (75%) and remain of short duration and without gravity. Concerning the intoxications referenced to the poison control center in Angers, the same essential oils are involved, the oral route is mostly used (70%) and the symptoms listed for 74% of intoxications concern oropharyngeal, ocular, abdominal and skin pain. CONCLUSION: The delivery of essential oils is not harmless and the data obtained both through our surveys and the processing of data from the poison control center of Angers show that they must be used with caution.

GeoLaus, une étude de l'influence des caractéristiques géo-environ- nementales sur la santé.

GeoLaus, a Study on the Influence of Geo-Environmental Characteristics on Population Health Abstract. Geographic information on risk factors for health or disease is increasingly being used to understand the determinants of health. GeoLaus is a project initiated in 2015 that studies the impact of living spaces and socio-economic situation, on physical and mental health and on different lifestyle habits. This paper discusses and illustrates the use of spatial information in CoLaus to understand the determinants of obesity and daytime sleepiness. The first results of the GeoLaus study open new perspectives on population health.

Résumé. Des informations géographiques sur les facteurs de risque pour la santé ou sur la maladie sont de plus en plus utilisées dans le but de mieux comprendre les déterminants de la santé. GeoLaus est un projet initié en 2015 qui étudie l'impact des lieux de vie et de la situation socio-économique sur la santé physique, mentale et sur les différentes habitudes de vie. Cet article discute et illustre l'utilisation de l'information spatiale dans CoLaus pour mieux comprendre les déterminants de l'obésité et de la somnolence. Les premiers résultats de l'étude GeoLaus ouvrent des nouvelles perspectives en matière de santé populationnelle.

Differences in barriers to birth and death registration in Guinea-Bissau: implications for monitoring national and global health objectives.

OBJECTIVE: Improving civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems is essential to monitoring health objectives locally and globally. The barriers to birth and particularly death registration in low- and middle-income countries are however poorly understood. METHODS: We conducted a survey among women of reproductive age in Bissau, the capital of Guinea-Bissau. We asked women with a birth in the past two years whether their child had been registered and had obtained a birth certificate. We elicited the sources of information about birth registration and asked respondents to list their reasons for (not) registering a birth. If their child had died, we asked similar questions about death registration. RESULTS: Most women (86%) had received messages about birth registration, but few women whose child had died had heard about the need to register deaths (22%). The primary sources of information about birth registration were messages broadcast on the radio or displayed at health facilities. Information about death registration was primarily obtained through informal social networks. Only 16% of births, and 2% of deaths, had been registered. The main barriers to birth registration were administrative pre-requisites and paternal absence. The main reasons for not registering a death were lack of knowledge about death registration and lack of perceived benefits. CONCLUSION: Strengthening CRVS systems requires addressing the specific barriers preventing birth and death registration. In Bissau, interventions to improve knowledge about death registration are needed. Simplifying registration procedures, as well as providing additional incentives, might help improve the coverage of birth registration.

Effects of health education intervention on negative emotion and quality of life of patients with laryngeal cancer after postoperative radiotherapy.

PURPOSE: The study aimed to explore and analyze the effects of health education intervention on patients with laryngeal cancer and evaluate negative emotions and quality of life after receiving postoperative radiotherapy. Furthermore the relationship between health education intervention methods and its correlation to complications and relapse rates require greater understanding. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with aryngeal cancer receiving surgery and postoperative radiotherapy were randomly divided into observation and control groups. A quality of life questionnaire was used to evaluate patients' current life quality as well as negative emotions experienced. The collected data was evaluated using the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) as well as the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). At the time of discharge, patients' satisfaction on nursing and perception of health knowledge was assessed. Three and six months after discharge, patients were given follow-up visits and questionnaire surveys to evaluate their rehabilitation. This was done in relation with the Morningside Rehabilitation Stats Scale (MRSS), incidence of complications and recurrence. RESULTS: The scores of negative emotions, exhibited during the study, were lower in the observation group than in the control group. A month after discharge had a positive correlation to improved quality of life. This was highlighted in the observation group in comparison with the control group. The data collected following discharge revealed an improvement in quality of life, compared with that at the time of admission. Compared with the control group, the SAS and SDS scores in the observation group were decreased a month after discharge. Compared with the scores on admission, the SAS and SDS scores in both groups were decreased one month after discharge. The observation group had a lower incidence of complications than that of the control group. Six months after discharge, in the observation group, the MRSS score was lower than before discharge while in the control group, the MRSS score was higher than before discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Health education intervention can significantly improve the quality of life and reduce experiences relating to negative emotion in patients with laryngeal cancer. This improvement was seen following surgery and radiotherapy. Additionally effective reduction rates in the incidence of postoperative complications and recurrence were exhibited following methods of health education intervention.

Números que pouco explicam: indicadores sobre famílias recasadas e bullying / Numbers that does not explain too much: indicators about remarried families and bullying / Des chiffres qui expliquent peu: indicateurs sur les familles recomposées et le bullying / Números que poco explican: indicadores sobre las familias recasadas y bullying

No presente artigo, optamos por analisar o recorte metodológico e algumas interpretações, divulgadas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, provenientes de indicadores obtidos sobre dois temas pesquisados pelo instituto. Nosso objetivo, portanto, foi o de avaliar metodologias e definições empregadas pelo Censo de 2010 na coleta de dados sobre famílias recasadas, bem como a opção metodológica e as acepções utilizadas para a apreensão do bullying na pesquisa PeNSE, de 2009. Como os resultados das investigações empreendidas pelo instituto são usados para traçar o rumo das políticas públicas no Brasil, consideramos ser de suma importância que os procedimentos empregados estejam em consonância com as discussões teóricas atuais sobre os respectivos temas, situação que não foi evidenciada em nossa análise...

In this paper we have chosen to analyze the methodological aspects and some interpretations, divulged by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, proceeding from indicators obtained on two topics, surveyed by that institute. Our objective, therefore, was to evaluate methodologies and definitions employed by the 2010 Census in data collection about stepfamilies, as well as the methodological option and meanings used for seizure of bullying in the PeNSE research, 2009. Since the results of the investigations undertaken by the Institute are used to plot the course of public policies in Brazil, we consider the procedures employed should be in line with current theoretical discussions on the respective themes, which has not been evidenced in our analysis...

Dans cet article, nous avons décidé d'analyser le choix méthodologique et certaines interprétations publiées par l'Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística provenant d'indicateurs obtenus par cet institut à propos de deux thèmes. Notre objectif a été d›évaluer les méthodologies et les définitions utilisées par le recensement de 2010 lors de la collecte de données sur les familles recomposées, ainsi que le choix méthodologique et les notions utilisées pour la compréhension du bullying dans la recherche PeNSE, 2009. Alors que les résultats des enquêtes menées par l'Institut sont utilisés pour orienter la politique publique au Brésil, nous considérons qu'il est primordial que les procédures utilisées soient en accord avec les discussions théoriques actuelles sur ces thèmes, ce qui n'est pas encore le cas selon notre analyse...

En el artículo en cuestión optamos por analizar el método y algunas interpretaciones, publicados por el Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística, proveniente de los indicadores obtenidos en dos temas encuestados por el Instituto. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar metodologías y definiciones empleadas por lo Censo de 2010 para la recogida de datos de familias reconstituidas, así como la opción metodológica y los significados utilizados para el asimiento del bullying en la encuesta PeNSE, en 2009. Como se utilizan los resultados de las investigaciones realizadas por el Instituto para trazar el curso de las políticas públicas en Brasil, consideramos de suma importancia que los procedimientos empleados están en consonancia con los actuales debates teóricos sobre los respectivos temas, una situación que no se evidenció en nuestro análisis...

Números que pouco explicam: indicadores sobre famílias recasadas e bullying / Numbers that does not explain too much: indicators about remarried families and bullying / Des chiffres qui expliquent peu: indicateurs sur les familles recomposées et le bullying / Números que poco explican: indicadores sobre las familias recasadas y bullying

No presente artigo, optamos por analisar o recorte metodológico e algumas interpretações, divulgadas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, provenientes de indicadores obtidos sobre dois temas pesquisados pelo instituto. Nosso objetivo, portanto, foi o de avaliar metodologias e definições empregadas pelo Censo de 2010 na coleta de dados sobre famílias recasadas, bem como a opção metodológica e as acepções utilizadas para a apreensão do bullying na pesquisa PeNSE, de 2009. Como os resultados das investigações empreendidas pelo instituto são usados para traçar o rumo das políticas públicas no Brasil, consideramos ser de suma importância que os procedimentos empregados estejam em consonância com as discussões teóricas atuais sobre os respectivos temas, situação que não foi evidenciada em nossa análise.(AU)

In this paper we have chosen to analyze the methodological aspects and some interpretations, divulged by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, proceeding from indicators obtained on two topics, surveyed by that institute. Our objective, therefore, was to evaluate methodologies and definitions employed by the 2010 Census in data collection about stepfamilies, as well as the methodological option and meanings used for seizure of bullying in the PeNSE research, 2009. Since the results of the investigations undertaken by the Institute are used to plot the course of public policies in Brazil, we consider the procedures employed should be in line with current theoretical discussions on the respective themes, which has not been evidenced in our analysis.(AU)

Dans cet article, nous avons décidé d'analyser le choix méthodologique et certaines interprétations publiées par l'Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística provenant d'indicateurs obtenus par cet institut à propos de deux thèmes. Notre objectif a été d›évaluer les méthodologies et les définitions utilisées par le recensement de 2010 lors de la collecte de données sur les familles recomposées, ainsi que le choix méthodologique et les notions utilisées pour la compréhension du bullying dans la recherche PeNSE, 2009. Alors que les résultats des enquêtes menées par l'Institut sont utilisés pour orienter la politique publique au Brésil, nous considérons qu'il est primordial que les procédures utilisées soient en accord avec les discussions théoriques actuelles sur ces thèmes, ce qui n'est pas encore le cas selon notre analyse.(AU)

En el artículo en cuestión optamos por analizar el método y algunas interpretaciones, publicados por el Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística, proveniente de los indicadores obtenidos en dos temas encuestados por el Instituto. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar metodologías y definiciones empleadas por lo Censo de 2010 para la recogida de datos de familias reconstituidas, así como la opción metodológica y los significados utilizados para el asimiento del bullying en la encuesta PeNSE, en 2009. Como se utilizan los resultados de las investigaciones realizadas por el Instituto para trazar el curso de las políticas públicas en Brasil, consideramos de suma importancia que los procedimientos empleados están en consonancia con los actuales debates teóricos sobre los respectivos temas, una situación que no se evidenció en nuestro análisis.(AU)

["Big data" - large data, a lot of knowledge?]. / «Big Data¼ - grosse Daten, viel Wissen?

Since a couple of years, the term Big Data describes technologies to extract knowledge from data. Applications of Big Data and their consequences are also increasingly discussed in the mass media. Because medicine is an empirical science, we discuss the meaning of Big Data and its potential for future medical research.

Le terme «Big Data¼ est utilisé depuis quelques années pour engendrer des techniques pour la génération empirique des connaissances. Actuellement il est de plus devenu un sujet de discussion dans les mass média. La médecine étant également une science empirique l'intention de cet article est de discuter la signification du terme Big Data ainsi que ses bénéfices potentiels pour la recherche médicale.

Um toque de otimismo sobre a epidemiologia contemporânea: comentários sobre as reflexões de Maria Lúcia Penna / A touch or optimism about contemporary epidemiology: comments on Maria Lúcia Penna's reflections / Une goutte d'optimisme sur l'épidémiologie contemporaine: quelques commentaires sur les pensées de Maria Lúcia Penna

Neste artigo, registram-se exemplos de vitalidade teórica e metodológica da produção epidemiológica recente. Menciona-se que a sofisticação computacional e analítica não está condenada a usos politicamente conservadores, e vem permitindo a elucidação de perguntas científicas complexas, desde efeitos de contexto aos mecanismos de ação de exposições ambientais. Ressalta-se, entretanto, que métodos de produção de dados merecem esforços semelhantes de aperfeiçoamento. Avanços no plano teórico são ilustrados com as concepções de Geoffrey Rose e com as teorias sobre influências intrauterinas na etiologia de doenças do adulto. A relativa inocuidade das prescrições epistemológicas é exemplificada com diversas vias existentes para a formulação de teorias. Finalmente, alerta-se para o compromisso da disciplina com os esforços coletivos de redução do sofrimento humano desnecessário, que podem exigir conhecimentos abrangentes da realidade, dos níveis subcelular ao social.

This paper discusses theoretical and methodological advances in recent epidemiological work. It is mentioned that analytical sophistication is not bound to politically conservative use, and that it allows answers to complex scientific questions, from the understanding of contextual effects to mechanistic aspects of environmental exposures. However, data collection methods deserve similar improvement efforts. Theoretical advances are exemplified by Geoffrey Rose's ideas and by hypotheses on intrauterine influences on adult disease. The diversity of situations related to theory building is commented, which may be the reason why scientists generally ignore epistemological prescriptions. Finally, the commitment of epidemiology to the collective efforts to reduce unnecessary human suffering is emphasized, which may require comprehensive knowledge from different levels of reality, from the subcelular to the social level.

Cet article présent des exemples d'une sorte de vitalité théorique et méthodologique de la production scientifique récente en epidémiologie. On mentionne que la sophistication au niveau analytique nést pas condamnée à des usages politiquement conservateurs, et que cette sophistication permet même l' éclaircissement de questions scientifiques complexes, des celles referés aux effets du contextjusqu'à celles sur les méchanismes d'action d'éxpositions environnementales. On rémarque, cependant, que des méthodes de production des données meritent des efforts semblables de perfectionnement. Des avancements sur le plan theórique sont ilustrés à travers des idées de Geoffrey Rose e des théories sur l'influence de l'ambiance intrautérine dans l' éthiologie des maladies de l' adulte. L'inocuité des prescriptions epistémologiques est demontrée par des exemples sur les differentes voies possibles ménant à la formulation de théories. Enfin, on previent sur l'engagement de la discipline avec les efforts collectifs pour la diminuition de la souffrance humaine non nécessaire, lesquels peuveut exiger des connaissances élargies de la realité, des le niveau souscellulaire au niveau social.