Resection and reconstruction of the proximal femur with revision stems: a cost-effective alternative.

Background: Modular oncologic megaprosthesis is the standard method for reconstruction after resection of tumors of the proximal femur. These implants have been utilized for either primary tumors or metastatic disease of bone and multiple myeloma. Fixation is based on either cemented or cementless stems, and a collar supporting the body of the prosthesis. For those patients with advanced disease and/or limited life span, a judicious approach should balance the functional expectations, prognosis, and the issue of cost of the surgical procedure and the implant that is selected. Methods: Based on the principles of distal fixation of tapered stems, the authors have utilized implants originally designed for hip revision surgery to reconstruct the proximal femur in 19 patients, after resection because of metastases, multiple myeloma and some aggressive primary tumors. The essentials of the technique consist of distal fixation in the remaining isthmus of the femur by means of tapered stems, impacted in such a way to achieve solid primary fixation, balanced with accurate leg length restoration. Proximally, the implant remains devoid of bone coverage. Results: In this retrospective study, proper distal fixation, leaving the proximal part of the implant uncovered with bone, has resulted in good functional results in mid-term follow-up of patients. Primary fixation has led to secondary bone ongrowth and remodeling, providing secondary fixation. Complications such as instability, loosening and infection are comparable with those associated to the traditional management with mega prosthesis. Conclusions: The utilization of tapered stems for distal fixation after proximal femoral resections has shown reliable results after mid-term follow-up. The method might be considered as a cost-effective alternative for selected patients.

Effect of the consumption of a fibrous extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Stems on glycemia / Efecto del consumo de un extracto fibroso de tallos de stevia rebaudiana Bertoni sobre la glicemia

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the effect of the ingestion of a fibrous extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni stems on postprandial glycemia levels in healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional, experimental research, carried out with ethical conditions of consent and reliability, in the Laboratory for the Evaluation of Nutritional Status of the Autonomous University of Carmen. For the clinical and anthropometric assessment of the participants, a medical history and body composition scan were used, respectively. The study population consisted of 16 healthy women with normal body mass indices (20-25 kg/m2). Instruments: a) Clinical-dietetic record and b) Biochemical data obtained from blood sampling obtained at different times. The data analysis was carried out with descriptive statistics. Results: The results shown in the group of participants in this study, it was observed that the mean value of the area under the curve (AUC) of glucose was 709.18 ± 23.60, while that of the fibrous extract of stevia stems was 556.59 ± 50.47. Conclusions: Stevia rebaudiana stems, due to their dietary fiber content, can be an alternative for the use and revaluation of sustained waste in the circular economy in the development of functional products, giving it an added value that contributes in some way to reducing overweight and obesity, with a hypoglycemic effect in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la ingesta de un extracto fibroso de tallos de Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni sobre los niveles de glicemia postprandial en sujetos sanos. Materiales y Métodos: Investigación transversal, experimental, realizada con condiciones éticas de consentimiento y confiabilidad, en el laboratorio de Evaluación del Estado Nutricional de la Universidad Autónoma del Carmen. Para la valoración clínica y antropométrica de los participantes se utilizó una historia clínica y escáner de composición corporal, respectivamente. La población de estudio fue conformada por 16 mujeres sanas con índices de masa corporal normales (20-25 kg/m2). Instrumentos: a) Expediente clínico-dietético y b) Datos bioquímicos obtenidos de la toma sanguínea obtenidos en los diferentes tiempos. Se realizó el análisis de los datos con estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Los resultados mostrados en el grupo de participantes en este estudio, se observó que el valor medio del área bajo la curva (AUC) de la glucosa fue de 709.18 ± 23.60, mientras que el del extracto fibroso de tallos de stevia fue de 556.59 ± 50.47. Conclusiones: Los tallos de Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. por su contenido en fibra dietética, pueden ser una alternativa para el uso y revalorización de residuos sostenidos en la economía circular en el desarrollo de productos funcionales, otorgándole un valor agregado que contribuye de alguna manera a reducir el sobrepeso y la obesidad, con efecto hipoglucemiante en pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 2.

Chemical analysis, antifungal and antimycotoxigenic activity of tetradenia riparia essential oil and crude extract.

Tetradenia riparia is known for its richness in essential oil which has been widely investigated due to its biological activities such as antimicrobial, insecticidal, trypanocidal, antimalarial and antioxidant. The objective of this work was to chemically analyze and evaluate the antifungal and antimycotoxigenic activity of the essential oil and the crude extract of leaves, flower buds and stems of T. riparia from the northwest region of the state of Paraná. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. To obtain the crude extract, the leaves, flower buds and stems were pulverized and subjected to a dynamic maceration process using 70% v v-1 ethyl alcohol. Chemical analysis of the essential oil was performed by GC/MS, and chemical identification of the crude extract by UHPLC-ESI/qTOF. Antifungal activity (Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Penicillium verrucosum and Fusarium graminearum) was performed by broth microdilution and the antimycotoxigenic assay was performed with A. ochraceus and P. verrucosum. Ochratoxin A was extracted by partition with chloroform and quantified by HPLC-FL. The oil yield was 0.29% for leaves, 0.34% for stems and 0.38% for flower buds, and the major compounds were fenchone, ß-caryophyllene, α-cadinol, 14-hydroxy-9- epi-caryophyllene, 9ß,13ß-epoxy-7-abietene, α-cadinol and 6-7-dehydroroyleanone. The main chemical compounds identified in the crude extract were terpenes, anthocyanins, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic acids. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oils from leaves, flower buds and stems for the strains tested ranged from 0.87 mg mL-1 to 33.3 mg mL-1, while the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) ranged from 6.94 mg mL-1 and 33.3 mg mL-1. The MIC and MFC for ketoconazole, tebuconazole, sorbate and nitrite ranged from 0.05 to 33.3 mg mL-1. The oil and crude extract of leaves, stems and flower buds showed an inhibition of ochratoxin A production for P. verrucosum of approximately 100%.

Microwave-assisted extraction and content determination of astilbin in Lysiphyllum strychnifolium stems

Abstract Lysiphyllum strychnifolium (Craib) A. Schmitz. (in Thai name, Ya nang daeng) has been traditionally used to treat fever, alcohol intoxication, cancer, allergies, and blood toxins. It can be used as a health-promoting herbal tea and contains hydroalcoholic extracts. The purpose of the present study was to develop a microwave-assisted extraction method for astilbin in L. strychnifolium stems. HPLC was used to determine astilbin content. Three extraction conditions were optimized: types of solvent, microwave power levels, and the number of extraction cycles. Water:methanol (40:60) was the best solvent for astilbin extraction from L. strychnifolium stems using 450 watts and six microwave-assisted extraction cycles. This technique offers important advantages over conventional methods, such as shorter extraction times, substantial energy savings, and a reduced environmental burden.

Potato genotypes and environments under potato in the brazilian cerrado biome / Genótipos de batata e ambientes em sistema orgânico de produção no bioma cerrado brasileiro

The objective was to estimate the physiological and productive performance of potato genotypes in two organic cultivation systems. Two trials were conducted, being one in a protected and on in an open-field environment. A randomized complete block design with four replicates and five treatments (genotypes 'Agata', 'Atlantic', 'BRS Ana', 'BRSIPR Bel' and 'BRS Clara') was used. Physiological, productive characteristics and defects associated with tubers were obtained. The protected environment is the most appropriate to produce organic potatoes under the evaluated conditions. Genotypes 'BRSIPR Bel' and 'BRS Ana' exhibit a high productive potential in organic conditions.

Objetivou-se estimar o desempenho fisiológico e produtivo de genótipos de batata em dois ambientes de cultivo em sistema orgânico. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios, sendo um em condições de ambiente protegido e outro em campo aberto. Empregou-se o delineamento em blocos completos casualizados com quatro repetições e cinco tratamentos referentes aos genótipos 'Agata', 'Atlantic', 'BRS Ana', 'BRSIPR Bel' e 'BRS Clara'. Avaliaram-se atributos fisiológicos, produtivos e defeitos associados aos tubérculos. O ambiente protegido é o mais adequado para a produção de batata orgânica nas condições avaliadas. Os genótipos 'BRSIPR Bel' e 'BRS Ana' possuem alto potencial produtivo em condições de sistema orgânico.

In vitro cytotoxic potential of extracts from Aristolochia foetida Kunth against MCF-7 and bMECs cell lines.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of Aristolochia foetida Kunth. Stems and leaves of A. foetida Kunth (Aristolochiaceae) have never been investigated pharmacologically. Recent studies of species of the Aristolochiaceae family found significant cytotoxic activities. Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were analyzed by 1H NMR and GC-MS to know the metabolites in each extract. In GC-MS analysis, the main compounds were methyl hexadecanoate (3); hexadecanoic acid (4); 2-butoxyethyl dodecanoate (9); ethyl hexadecanoate (20); methyl octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate (28) and (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid (40). The results showed a significant reduction in cell viability of the MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell line caused by organic extracts in a dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity activity of the dichloromethane extract from the stems (DSE) showed IC50 values of 45.9 µg/mL and the dichloromethane extract of the leaves (DLE) showed IC50 values of 47.3 µg/mL. DSE and DLE had the highest cytotoxic potential in an in vitro study against the MCF-7 cell line and non-tumor cells obtained from the bovine mammary epithelial (bMECs). DSE and DLE induced a loss in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and can cause cell death by apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway in the MCF-7 cell line. DSE and DLE are cytotoxic in cancer cells and cause late apoptosis. Higher concentrations of DSE and DLE are required to induce a cytotoxic effect in healthy mammary epithelial cells. This is the first report of the dichloromethane extract of A. foetida Kunth that induces late apoptosis in MCF-7 cancer cells and may be a candidate for pharmacological study against breast cancer.

Can the application of low doses of paraquat induce the hormesis effect in upland rice?

This study aimed to verify the effects of the application of paraquat low doses on the agronomic traits of upland rice in two different application modes. The treatments consisted of a combination of 6 low doses of the paraquat (0; 20; 40; 60; 80 and 120 g a.i. ha-1) and 2 application modes of low doses a) single application performed between active tillering and floral differentiation b) application split into four applications, the first being carried out at the beginning of active tillering, the second being carried out between active tillering and floral differentiation, the third application carried out after floral differentiation and the fourth application carried out after flowering with 25% of the dose in each application. The application of low doses of paraquat does not promote the hormesis effect of upland rice. The increase in the frequency of the plant to the herbicide caused by the splitting of applications negatively affected the plant height, number of spikelets per panicle, yield, leaf nitrogen and sulfur as the low doses levels were increased. On the other hand, there is no influence of paraquat low doses levels when single applied to the agronomic traits of upland rice.

Does the glufosinate-ammonium herbicide have the potential to induce the hormesis effect in upland rice?

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low doses of the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium in different application modes in the vegetative development of upland rice. The treatment consisted of a combination of five low doses (0; 15; 30; 60; and 100 g a.i. ha-1) of the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium and four application modes of the low doses: single between active tillering (AT) and floral differentiation (FD); single after FD; split in two (the first at the beginning of the AT and the second between AT and FD; split in three (the first at the beginning of the AT, the second between the AT and the FD and the third after the FD, with. There was no hormesis effect on rice crop due to low doses of glufosinate-ammonium. The vegetative development of rice plants was reduced by the application of low doses in all application modes with lower plant height, dry weight, number of panicles, and effective tiller.

Ontogeny, anatomical structure and function of lobed stems in the evolution of the climbing growth form in Malvaceae (Byttneria Loefl.).

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Byttneria is one of the few climbing genera in Malvaceae. Some Byttneria are known for their lobed stems. We explore the development of these stems, how they have evolved within the group and their relevance in the evolution of the climbing growth form in Malvaceae. METHODS: We combine developmental anatomical work with phylogenetic comparative methods. We use Byttneria divaricata and B. filipes as models in the anatomical work, a review of herbarium vouchers, and the most recent phylogeny of Byttneria and allies to elucidate how these stems evolved within the clade under maximum-likelihood and Bayesian approaches. We use Pagel94 tests to analyse the correlated evolution of lobed stems and prickles. KEY RESULTS: Each lobe coincides with one of the five vascular bundles. By augmented activity of the fascicular cambium in the lobes coupled with reduced activity of the interfascicular cambium in the interlobes, secondary growth increases the lobulation already present during primary growth. Within Byttneria and allies, lobed young stems appeared at least three times, once in Ayenia and twice in the paraphyletic Byttneria. Lobed adult stems were conserved in Byttneria s.s., where lobed adult stems in combination with prickles were shown to have evolved as a climbing mechanism within the group; prickles were lost once within Byttneria s.s., in a shrubby subclade. Byttneria Clade 2 comprises climbers with twining cylindrical adult stems and no prickles, which constitutes a different climbing mechanism in the group. CONCLUSIONS: We provide evidence of one of the few cambial variants known whose secondary body reflects the primary body vasculature and show that lobed adult stems and prickles in Byttneria could be used in the new delimitation of genera in the group. Lobed stems independently appeared in climbing Grewia, suggesting a convergence favouring the climbing growth form.

Distal fixation stems for revision of total hip replacement.

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively assess patients treated with modular, non-cemented, tapered, fluted, distal fixation stems. We included patients with 24 months mínimum follow-up. Diagnosis that led to revisions were described. The radiographic analysis was made with preoperative, immediate postoperative and last control postoperative X-rays. Sixty-seven patients met inclusion criteria. We observed 59,7% (n=40) Osteointegration, 34,3% of Stable Fibrosis and 5,97% Unstable fibrosis. Stress Shielding was registered with 10,44% and Subsidence was observed in 34,3% of the patients. Modular, fluted, tapered, distal fixation stems have an excellent survival rates.

Shade tree species affect gas exchange and hydraulic conductivity of cacao cultivars in an agroforestry system.

Shade tolerance is a widespread strategy of rainforest understory plants. Many understory species have green young stems that may assimilate CO2 and contribute to whole-plant carbon balance. Cacao commonly grows in the shaded understory and recent emphasis has been placed on diversifying the types of trees used to shade cacao plants to achieve additional ecosystem services. We studied three agricultural cacao cultivars growing in the shade of four timber species (Cedrela odorata L., Cordia thaisiana Agostini, Swietenia macrophylla King and Tabebuia rosea (Bertol) A.D.C.) in an agroforestry system to (i) evaluate the timber species for their effect on the physiological performance of three cacao cultivars; (ii) assess the role of green stems on the carbon economy of cacao; and (iii) examine coordination between stem hydraulic conductivity and stem photosynthesis in cacao. Green young stem photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate was positive and double leaf CO2 assimilation rate, indicating a positive contribution of green stems to the carbon economy of cacao; however, green stem area is smaller than leaf area and its relative contribution is low. Timber species showed a significant effect on leaf gas exchange traits and on stomatal conductance of cacao, and stem water-use efficiency varied among cultivars. There were no significant differences in leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity among cacao cultivars, but sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity varied significantly among cultivars and there was an interactive effect of cacao cultivar × timber species. Hydraulic efficiency was coordinated with stem-stomatal conductance, but not with leaf-stomatal conductance or any measure of photosynthesis. We conclude that different shade regimes determined by timber species and the interaction with cacao cultivar had an important effect on most of the physiological traits and growth variables of three cacao cultivars growing in an agroforestry system. Results suggested that C. odorata is the best timber species to provide partial shade for cacao cultivars in the Barlovento region in Venezuela, regardless of cultivar origin.

Phylogenetic signal and climatic niche of stem photosynthesis in the mediterranean and desert regions of California and Baja California Peninsula.

PREMISE: Woody plants with photosynthetic stems are common in the drylands of the world; however, we know little about the origin(s) and geographical distribution of photosynthetic stems. Therefore, we set to answer the following questions: (1) Is stem photosynthesis phylogenetically conserved? (2) Do green-stemmed and fleshy-stemmed species have identifiable climatic niches? METHODS: We mapped the photosynthetic stem trait onto a phylogeny of 228 mediterranean and desert species and calculated indices of phylogenetic signal and created climatic niche models of 28 species belonging to three groups: green, fleshy, and green-and-fleshy stemmed species. RESULTS: We found phylogenetic signal in the fleshy stem trait, but not in the green stem trait. Fleshy-stemmed species occupy areas associated with high isothermality, high precipitation seasonality, and high mean temperature of the wettest quarter, whereas green-stemmed species occupy areas associated with high precipitation of driest month, high precipitation of coldest quarter, high mean diurnal temperature range and high maximum temperature of the warmest month. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the fact that both photosynthetic stem types help cope with water shortage, having fleshy stems allows plants to cope with greater precipitation seasonality than is possible with green stems. Green stems require a lot of water to be stored in the soil to maintain net photosynthesis during the dry season, so they inhabit areas with higher and more predictable precipitation.

4- to 8-year complication analysis of 2 'partial collum' femoral stems in primary THA.

OBJECTIVES: Compare the clinical and radiological outcome of CFP stem with the MiniHip design in a prospective series, with special interest in intraoperative periprosthetic fracture (IPPF). METHODS: We prospectively followed 101 cases treated with the MiniHip stem (Group 1) and 89 with the CFP stem (Group 2) operated between 2010 and 2014. No significant demographic differences were observed between both groups. Median follow-up was 72 months. Average stem length was 41% shorter in the MiniHip group (p < 0.001). Radiological parameters were measured and a logistcic regression model was created to evaluate factors associated with IPPF. RESULTS: Mean mHHS improved from 54 to 95 in the MiniHip group (p < 0.001) and from 64 to 98 in the CFP group (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in terms of loosening, infection or instability. We observed 7 IPPFs (3.68%), 3 in group 1 and 4 in group 2. After adjusting for confounders, CFP was not associated with a greater risk of IPPF (OR 3.23; 95% CI, 0.250-42.034, p = 0.368), however, a more complex fracture pattern was observed with this stem design. Prior acetabular fractures were associated with IPPF (OR 66.85; 95% CI, 1.142-3911, p = 0.043). Compared to Dorr A femurs, type Dorr B appeared protective against IPPF (OR 0.039; 95% CI, 0.001-1.109, p = 0.058). Valgus alignment tended to increase the risk of IPPF (OR 20.59; 95% CI 0.870-487.221, p = 0.061). CONCLUSIONS: MiniHip showed similar radiological outcomes to CFP at short- to mid-term follow-up without increasing IPPFs with a shorter stem length. Given that CFP produced a more complex IPPF pattern, surgeons should be cautious with alignment of this particular design, especially in Dorr A femur.

Reservas de carbono del pasto Cenchrus clandestinus (Poaceae) en los sistemas de manejo tradicional y silvopastoril, en diferentes relieves

El aumento de las emisiones de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GEI) derivadas de las actividades humanas, son consideradas el principal responsable del cambio climático actual y el sector ganadero es responsable del 18 % de las emisiones de GEI en CO2 equivalente. El pasto kikuyo puede optimizar tanto la captura como la fijación del carbono. El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar las existencias de carbono en el pasto kikuyo en sus diferentes compartimentos, biomasa aérea (BA) y biomasa radicular (BR), a 20 y 40 cm de profundidad del suelo, bajo los sistemas tradicional y silvopastoril en diferentes relieves. Se realizaron seis muestreos (M) sucesivos de acuerdo al sistema de pastoreo (tradicional y silvopastoril), la geoforma del terreno (flanco cóncavo (FCC), flanco convexo (FCX), flanco rectilíneo (FR) y relieve plano (RP)). Se muestrearon la biomasa aérea (BA) y de raíces (BR). El método estadístico utilizado fue un diseño en bloques incompletos aleatorizados, se evaluaron dos tratamientos (T) (T1: tradicional y T2: silvopastoril) con cuatro bloques (B) en cada uno (B1: FCC, B2: FCX, B3: FR, B4: RP). El trabajo se realizó entre junio 2016 y junio 2017 en San Pedro de los Milagros, Antioquia Colombia. Los resultados permitieron determinar que las raíces a 20 cm de profundidad, el colchón muerto y las hojas, fueron los compartimentos con mayores existencias de carbono (4.52, 3.58 y 1.9 ton de C ha-1 respectivamente). Se encontraron diferencias (P < 0.05) entre relieve plano y el relieve rectilíneo para la biomasa de hojas, y entre el relieve plano con los demás relieves evaluados para la variable raíces gruesas a 20 cm de profundidad. La biomasa producida por la planta es directamente proporcional al carbono incorporado. La biomasa radicular, tanto para raíces finas como gruesas, contribuye a capturar en promedio 2 820 y 655 kg ha-1 de carbono a 20 y 40 cm de profundidad respectivamente. El pasto kikuyo contribuye a mantener reservas de carbono en las praderas. Por la alta producción de biomasa radicular, de colchón y la alta capacidad de rebrote en condiciones adversas, se concluye que este pasto juega un papel importante en la disminución de GEI y la conservación de los suelos del trópico alto bajo sistemas de lechería especializada.

The increase of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions derived from human activities are considered the main cause of current climate change and the livestock sector is responsible for 18 % of the GHG emissions in CO2 equivalent. Kikuyu grass can optimize both carbon capture and carbon fixation. The aim of this paper was to identify carbon stocks in the kikuyu grass in its different compartments, above-ground biomass (AB) and below-ground biomass (BB) at 20 and 40 cm soil depth, under the traditional and silvopastoral systems in different reliefs. Six successive samplings (M) were taken according to the grazing system (traditional and silvopastoral system), and the geoform of the terrain (concave flank (CCF), convex flank (CXF), rectilinear flank (RF) and flat relief (FR)). The above-ground biomass and below-ground biomass were sampled. The statistical method used was a design in incomplete randomized blocks, two treatments were evaluated (T) (T1: traditional system and T2: silvopastoral system) with four blocks (B) in each one (B1: CCF, B2: CXF, B3: RF, B4: FR). This experiment was done from June 2016 to June 2017 in San Pedro de los Milagros, Antioquia, Colombia. The results allowed to determine that the roots at 20 cm depth, the dead creeping stems, and the leaves were the compartments with the highest carbon stocks (4.52, 3.58 and 1.9 ton of C ha-1, respectively). Differences were found (P < 0.05) between flat and rectilinear relief for the biomass of leaves, and between the flat relief with the other reliefs evaluated for the variable thick roots at 20 cm depth. The biomass produced by the plant is directly proportional to the incorporated carbon. The root biomass, both fine and thick roots, contributes to capture on average 2 820 kg and 655 kg of carbon per hectare at of 20 and 40 cm depth respectively. Kikuyu grass contributes to keep carbon reserves in the grasslands. Due to the high production of below-ground biomass and creeping stems, and its high capacity of regrowth under adverse conditions, this grass plays an important role in the reduction of GHG and the conservation of high tropical soils under specialized dairy systems.

Reemplazo de cadera en pacientes jóvenes: Experiencia con vástago corto preservador de cuello femoral / Hip replacement in young patients: Experience with a femoral neck preserving short stem

Introduccion La tendencia creciente de uso de implantes no cementados y el desarrollo de tecnologías que buscan restablecer la anatomía y función articular con una mayor preservación ósea, ha incrementado el uso de vástagos cortos en el remplazo total de cadera (RTC). El objetivo de este estudio es describir resultados funcionales, restauración radiológica de la anatomía, tasa de complicaciones y reintervención de pacientes sometidos a RTC usando vástagos femorales cortos de fijación cervico metafisiaria con apoyo en cortical lateral. Materiales y Métodos Estudio descriptivo prospectivo, donde se incluyeron 45 caderas en pacientes con artrosis de cadera de cualquier etiología. El seguimiento fue de 18 meses. Las variables de desenlace evaluadas fueron: 1. Integración del implante, 2. Complicaciones dependientes del implante femoral, 3. Subsidencia y 4. Reintervención. Se evaluó adicionalmente el resultado funcional con escala WOMAC. Resultados Durante el periodo comprendido entre diciembre de 2011 a julio 2017, encontramos una mejoría en estado funcional en el 97% (n:44) de los pacientes, no hubo reintervenciones. Discusión En el 100% de los casos se encontró osteointegración del implante y los resultados son comparables con los reportes de la literatura. Consideramos que el uso de vástagos cortos en el Reemplazo total de Cadera es un procedimiento seguro, con buenos resultados, teniendo la ventaja de una adecuada integración ósea del implante y garantizar un mejor stock óseo en una próxima cirugía.

Background The growing trend in the use of non-cemented implants and the development of technologies that attempt to restore the anatomy and joint function with greater bone preservation has increased the use of short stems in the total hip replacement (THR). The objective of this study is to describe functional results, radiological restoration of the anatomy, complication and revision rate of patients undergoing THR using short femoral stems with metaphyseal cervical fixation with lateral cortical support. Materials and Methods A prospective descriptive study was performed that included 45 hips of patients with hip osteoarthritis of any origin. The follow-up was 18 months. The outcome variables evaluated were: 1. Integration of the implant, 2. Complications dependent on the femoral implant, 3. Subsidence, and 4. Re-intervention. The functional result was additionally evaluated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC). Results During the period from December 2011 to July 2017, an improvement was observed in functional status in 97% (n: 44) of patients, with no reoperations. Discussion Bone integration of the implant was observed in 100% of the cases, making the results comparable with the reports in the literature. It is believed that the use of short stems in total hip replacement is a safe procedure, with good outcomes. It also has the advantage of an adequate bone integration of the implant, and guaranteeing a better bone stock in the next surgery.

Morphological and structural characteristics of Urochloa decumbens Stapf. deferred pasture grazed by heifers under two periods of protein-energy supplementation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and structural characteristics of deferred Urochloa decumbens Stapf. ‘Basilisk’ grazed by Nellore heifers under two periods of protein and energy supplementation (PES). The experiment was carried out from Jun 21 to Nov 15, 2016, under a completely randomized design and two PES periods (55 [P55] and 147 [P147] days). Forage mass (FM), leaf blade dry mass (LBDM), stem dry mass (SDM), dead material dry mass (DMDM), canopy height (CH), and forage bulk density (FBD) were evaluated. Data were analyzed by the SAS® PROC MIXED procedure and treatment means were compared with the Student's t test (p < 0.05). LBDM was higher for P147 heifers after 21, 84, and 126 days of grazing, similar to those observed after 63 days, and was higher for P55 heifers at 42, 105, and 147 days of grazing. SDM was lower for P147 heifers after 21, 42, 105, and 126 days, and similar in the other grazing periods. Protein and energy supplementation for heifers over 147 days resulted in a lower stem mass of U. decumbens Stapf. ‘Basilisk’ deferred pastures.

Morphological and structural characteristics of Urochloa decumbens Stapf. deferred pasture grazed by heifers under two periods of protein-energy supplementation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and structural characteristics of deferred Urochloa decumbens Stapf. ‘Basilisk grazed by Nellore heifers under two periods of protein and energy supplementation (PES). The experiment was carried out from Jun 21 to Nov 15, 2016, under a completely randomized design and two PES periods (55 [P55] and 147 [P147] days). Forage mass (FM), leaf blade dry mass (LBDM), stem dry mass (SDM), dead material dry mass (DMDM), canopy height (CH), and forage bulk density (FBD) were evaluated. Data were analyzed by the SAS® PROC MIXED procedure and treatment means were compared with the Student's t test (p < 0.05). LBDM was higher for P147 heifers after 21, 84, and 126 days of grazing, similar to those observed after 63 days, and was higher for P55 heifers at 42, 105, and 147 days of grazing. SDM was lower for P147 heifers after 21, 42, 105, and 126 days, and similar in the other grazing periods. Protein and energy supplementation for heifers over 147 days resulted in a lower stem mass of U. decumbens Stapf. ‘Basilisk deferred pastures.(AU)

Energetic and environmental assessment of thermochemical and biochemical ways for producing energy from agricultural solid residues: Coffee Cut-Stems case.

Forest residues are an important source of biomass. Among these, Coffee Cut-Stems (CCS) are an abundant wood waste in Colombia obtained from coffee crops renovation. However, only low quantities of these residues are used directly in combustion processes for heating and cooking in coffee farms where their energy efficiency is very low. In the present work, an energy and environmental assessment of two bioenergy production processes (ethanol fermentation and gasification) using CCS as raw material was performed. Biomass gasification seems to be the most promising thermochemical method for bioenergy production whereas, ethanol fermentation is a widely studied biochemical method to produce biofuels. Experimental runs of the CCS gasification were carried out and the synthesis gas composition was monitored. Prior to the fermentation process, a treatment of the CCS is required from which sugar content was determined and then, in the fermentation process, the ethanol yield was calculated. Both processes were simulated in order to obtain the mass and energy balance that are used to assess the energy efficiency and the potential environmental impact (PEI). Moderate high energy efficiency and low environmental impacts were obtained from the CCS gasification. In contrast, high environmental impacts in different categories and low energy efficiencies were calculated from the ethanolic fermentation. Biomass gasification seems to be the most promising technology for the use of Coffee Cut-Stems with high energy yields and low environmental issues.

Daño medular espinal: tratamiento y posibles usus de la terapia celular / Spinal cord injury: treatment and possible uses of stem cells

El daño medular espinal, representa la principal causa de parálisis (total o parcial), que se acompaña de secuelas irreversibles y de gran impacto negativo para el paciente, entorno familiar y laboral. Con el advenimiento y avances en tecnología, técnicas de inmunohistoquímica, citología y bioingeniería, se han podido desarrollar numerosos estudios a nivel experimental, dirigidos a la recuperación de la función vertebro-espinal, con una inmensa gama de resultados, que sirven de asiento a futuras investigaciones en seres humanos. En su mayoría, evalúan funciones motoras y sensitivas durante las 3 fases de la lesión espinal. Para ello se emplean técnicas de implantación de células madre (de origen alogénico, autólogo o xenogénico) a través de la inyección intratecal o directa en parénquima nervioso. Los resultados a nivel experimental son alentadores; sin embargo, aún queda mucho por dilucidar en torno a la formación de la cicatriz glial, de los factores inductores que se expresan y su repercusión en humanos. Las directrices actuales en el tratamiento de la lesión espinal, incluyen desde mejoras en las técnicas de inmovilización y traslado pre-hospitalario del paciente lesionado espinal, pasando por el empleo de fármacos (Esteroides, Lazaroides, Calcio antagonistas, diuréticos osmóticos, etc.), hasta el uso de estimulación cortical, epidural y nanoimplantes medulares, así como la aplicación de exoesqueletos y de la Terapia Celular. En este artículo se reúnen los resultados de la revisión de estudios con más de 21mil publicaciones (hasta octubre del 2017), donde se han empleado células madre para tratar la lesión medular espinal (traumática)(AU)

Spinal cord damage represents the main cause of paralysis (total or partial), which is accompanied by irreversible sequelae and a high negative impact on the patient, family and work environment. With the advent and advances in technology, techniques of immunohistochemistry, cytology and bioengineering, numerous experimental studies have been developed, aimed at recovering vertebro-spinal function, with an immense range of results, which serve as a seat for future investigations in human beings. In their majority, they evaluate motor and sensory functions during the 3 phases of the spinal injury. For this purpose, implantation techniques of stem cells (of allogeneic, autologous or xenogenic origin) are used through intrathecal or direct injection in nervous parenchyma. The results at the experimental level are encouraging; However, much remains to be elucidated about the formation of the glial scar, the inducing factors that are expressed and their impact on humans. The current guidelines in the treatment of spinal injury include improvements in the techniques of immobilization and pre-hospital transfer of the injured spinal patient, through the use of drugs (steroids, lazaroids, calcium antagonists, osmotic diuretics, etc.) up to the use of cortical stimulation, epidural and spinal nanoimplantation, as well as the application of exoskeletons and Cell Therapy. This article brings together the results of the review of studies with more than 21 thousand publications (until October 2017), where stem cells have been used to treat spinal cord injury (traumatic)(AU)

[Cemented stems in revision total knee arthroplasty on patients older than 75 y/o. Clinical and radiological analysis]. / Vástagos cementados en recambios de prótesis total de rodilla en pacientes mayores de 75 años. Análisis clínico y radiológico.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical and radiological evolution of the total knee revision arthroplasty with cemented stems in patients over 75 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in all the subjects who underwent revision of total knee arthroplasty with cemented stems between 2008 and 2014 in our center. Twenty-seven individuals over 75 years met the inclusion criteria. We assessed the Knee Society Score and range of motion for clinical outcome. We evaluated the implant stability with radiographs through radiolucent lines according to the modified radiological scale of the Knee Society; we registered the complications and prosthetic survival. RESULTS: With an average age of our participants of 82.6 ± 4.4 years and a follow-up of 43 ± 14.4 months, we did not find any mechanical failure of the components. The functional average score was 115 ± 32 in the total KSS, of which 77 ± 17.5 points were in the KSS knee and 42 ± 24 in the KSS function. The average range of motion was 98º ± 17. Radiologically, 18 patients presented radiolucent lines, but only three needed follow-up using the modified Knee Society radiographic scoring system. CONCLUSIONS: The results revealed that cemented stems are a good method for fixation in the revision of total knee arthroplasty in people over 75 years. We observed acceptable medium-term clinical results with a low risk of radiological failure, despite the high number of radiolucencies.

Analizar la evolución funcional y radiológica de los pacientes mayores de 75 años intervenidos de cirugía de revisión de rodilla con vástagos cementados.