Effect of double-premilking teat disinfection protocols on bacterial counts on teat skin of cows and milker gloves in a free-stall-housed dairy herd.

This research communication addresses the hypothesis that double premilking teat disinfection (DD) is more effective in reducing soiling and bacterial count on the cows' teat skin and milkers' gloves than conventional disinfection (CONV). The design was a 3 × 3 Latin square (three groups of cows and three treatments) with conventional teat disinfection (CONV, lactic acid application after forestripping), double teat disinfection using the same disinfectant (DD1D, lactic acid application before and after forestripping), and double teat disinfection using two different disinfectants (DD2D, application of lactic acid before and chlorine-based disinfectant after forestripping). All groups were assigned for six days for each treatment, and the evaluations and samples were collected on the last day, before and after treatment. We evaluated the teat cleanliness score (TCS), count of Gram-negative bacteria (coliforms and noncoliforms), Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and total bacterial count (TBC) on the cows' teats and TBC on the milkers' gloves. TCS after premilking was lower in DD than CONV treatment. The reduction of Staphylococcus spp. count was greater in the DD treatment and tended to be higher in the DD2D. The TBC reduction on the cows' teats was greater in the DD treatments. The TBC on the milkers' gloves was lower for DD before and after premilking. In conclusion, DD can be an alternative for reducing some bacterial populations on cow teats and preventing the transmission of microorganisms between cows via the milkers' hands.

Pleural Empyema in Six Horses: A Retrospective Case Series.

The clinical findings of pleural empyema in six horses were retrospectively studied using epidemiological, clinical pathology, microbiological, ultrasound, and post-mortem data. The clinical findings included tachycardia (n = 3/6), tachypnea (n = 6/6), cyanotic mucosa (n = 2/6), hyperthermia (n = 4/6), inspiratory or mixed dyspnea (n = 6/6), presence of fluid and/or pleural rubbing (n = 2/6) and coarse crackling on auscultation (n = 4/6). Horses demonstrated leukocytosis (16.22 × 103/µL) with neutrophilia (12.32 × 103/µL) and hyperfibrinogenemia (633.33 mg/dL) and an increase in urea (69.80 mg/kg) and globulins (5.22 g/dL). The pleural fluid exhibited exudate (n = 5/6). The pathogens isolated from transtracheal wash (TTW) and/or pleural effusion included Aspergillus fumigatus, Enterobacter cloacae, alpha and beta hemolytic Streptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, and beta hemolytic Staphylococcus. The in vitro tests of microbial sensitivity of the isolates revealed that ceftiofur (5/6) and penicillin (3/6) were the most effective drugs. The fatality rate was 83% (5/6). The main post-mortem finding was the presence of fibrin in the pleural cavity with adhesion between the parietal and visceral pleura. These results show that pleural empyema is a complex disease pathophysiology that is refractory to conventional treatment.

Effect of promethazine on biofilms of gram-positive cocci associated with infectious endocarditis.

This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of promethazine against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus mutans and its effect on the antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilms grown in vitro and ex vivo on porcine heart valves. Promethazine was evaluated alone and in combination with vancomycin and oxacillin against Staphylococcus spp. and vancomycin and ceftriaxone against S. mutans in planktonic form and biofilms grown in vitro and ex vivo. Promethazine minimum inhibitory concentration range was 24.4-95.31 µg/mL and minimum biofilm eradication concentration range was 781.25-3.125 µg/mL. Promethazine interacted synergistically with vancomycin, oxacillin and ceftriaxone against biofilms in vitro. Promethazine alone reduced (p < 0.05) the CFU-counts of biofilms grown on heart valves for Staphylococcus spp., but not for S. mutans, and increased (p < 0.05) the activity of vancomycin, oxacillin and ceftriaxone against biofilms of Gram-positive cocci grown ex vivo. These findings bring perspectives for repurposing promethazine as adjuvant in the treatment of infective endocarditis.

Amoxicillin-Resistant Streptococci Carriage in the Mouths of Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Streptococcal bacteremia that occurs during invasive dental procedures can lead to infective endocarditis (IE) in children with certain heart diseases. Prior to such procedures, antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) with amoxicillin (AMPC) is recommended. However, the detection of amoxicillin-resistant strains (AMPC-RS) in the mouths of children with heart diseases raises the concern that they would be uncovered by the action of standard AP. This work carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis regarding AMPC-RS carriage in the mouths of children. We consulted databases covering studies between the years 2000 and 2021, following the PRISMA declaration. A meta-analysis was carried out to assess the prevalence of children carrying AMPC-RS in the mouths. The antimicrobial tests were carried out by microdilution (46.2% of articles), disk diffusion (38.3%), and the E-test (15.4%). Streptococcus mitis and S. sanguinis were bacteria with the most found resistance phenotype, with MIC reaching values of 128 µg/mL. Of the 13 selected articles, only 6 presented results that made it possible to calculate the prevalence of children carrying AMPC-RS in their mouths, ranging from 5.5% to 86.3%. Most of the studies were classified as high quality, and the collected data demonstrate the presence of streptococcal strains with different levels of resistance in the collected samples, such as the dental plaque. The meta-analysis pointed to evidence of AMPC-RS being carried, with a prevalence of 21.3% (I² = 0%, p = 0.705). There is an important prevalence of AMPC-RS carriage in the mouths of children. Specific attention should be directed to AP in those susceptible to IE.

Causes and Pathology of Equine Pneumonia and Pleuritis in Southern Brazil.

We document the causes and pathological findings in 50 cases of equine pneumonia and pleuritis in Southern Brazil. Suppurative (17/50), pyogranulomatous (14/50), aspiration (5/50), mycotic (4/50), bronchointerstitial (3/50), embolic (3/50) and eosinophilic granulomatous pneumonia (1/50) and pleuritis (3/50) were the main conditions identified. Streptococcus spp. were identified in 11 cases of suppurative pneumonia. Suppurative pneumonia was further divided into acute (8/17), subacute (6/17) and chronic (3/17) based on the morphological pattern of lesions. Rhodococcus equi was identified in all cases of pyogranulomatous pneumonia and exclusively affected young foals.

Effect of Bulgarian propolis on the oral microflora in adolescents with plaque-induced gingivitis

ABSTRACT We compared the effect of two therapeutic approaches (marketed toothpaste and addition of Bulgarian propolis extract to the toothpaste) on gingival inflammation, plaque formation and oral microbial flora on Bulgarian adolescents with moderate plaque-induced gingivitis. The participants were divided randomly into two groups of 35 students. The first group was instructed to use marketed toothpaste in their routine oral hygiene. The second group was instructed to add 10 drops of Propolin® to the toothpaste before every brushing. The Gingival index and Plaque index were registered and dental plaque samples were collected on the first visit and on the 20th day of the study. After the treatment, the number of students with Gingival index = 1.1-2.0 in the second group was significantly lower than the respective number in the first group. Neisseria spp. and Streptococcus spp. were present in all samples before and after treatment. The addition of propolis resulted in the complete eradication of Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Fusobacterium varium, Gram-negative cocci, Gram-positive rods, Porphyromonas asaccharolyticus, Prevotella bivia, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella melani and Streptococcus intermedius. The analyses of Propolin® composition revealed it was a black poplar type propolis and is rich in compounds with pronounced antimicrobial activity. In conclusion, the addition of Bulgarian propolis to the toothpaste improved the gingival health in adolescents with moderate plaque-induced gingivitis and resulted in increased activity against potential periodontal and cariogenic pathogens.

Epidemiological and clinical profile of infective endocarditis at a Brazilian tertiary care center: an eight-year prospective study

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a systemic infectious disease requiring a multidisciplinary team for treatment. This study presents the epidemiological and clinical data of 73 cases of IE in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS This observational prospective cohort study of endocarditis patients during an eight-year study period described 73 episodes of IE in 70 patients (three had IE twice). Community-associated (CAIE) and healthcare-acquired infective endocarditis (HAIE) were diagnosed according to the modified Duke criteria. The collected data included demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical characteristics, including results of blood cultures, echocardiographic findings, surgical interventions, and outcome. RESULTS: Analysis of data from the eight-year study period and 73 cases (70 patients) of IE showed a mean age of 46 years (SD=2.5 years; 1-84 years) and that 65.7% were male patients. The prevalence of CAIE and HAIE was 32.9% and 67.1%, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus (30.1%), Enterococcus spp. (19.1%), and Streptococcus spp. (15.0%) were the prevalent microorganisms. The relevant signals and symptoms were fever (97.2%; mean 38.6 + 0.05°C) and heart murmur (87.6%). Vegetations were observed in the mitral (41.1%) and aortic (27.4%) valves. The mortality rate of the cases was 47.9%. CONCLUSIONS: In multivariate analysis, chronic renal failure (relative risk [RR]= 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-2.55), septic shock (RR= 2.19; 95% CI 1.499-3.22), and age over 60 years (RR= 2.28; 95% CI 1.44-3.59) were indirectly associated with in-hospital mortality. The best prognosis was related to the performance of cardiovascular surgery (hazard ratio [HR]= 0.51; 95% CI 0.26-0.99).

Synergism of Plant Compound With Traditional Antimicrobials Against Streptococcus spp. Isolated From Bovine Mastitis.

Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland that causes major losses in the dairy industry. Streptococcus spp. are among the main agents of this disease. Increased resistance to antibiotics is one of the causes of therapeutic failure. Plants, due to their broad chemodiversity, are an interesting source of new molecules with antibacterial activity. Using these compounds along with traditional antibiotics is a possible method for reversing resistance. The objective of this work was to determine the interactions between the activities of guttiferone-A and 7-epiclusianone, two active substances isolated from the fruits of Garcinia brasiliensis, and traditional antibiotics against Streptococcus spp. isolated from bovine mastitis and known to be resistant to them. First, the MIC for the antibiotics and bioactive compounds was determined, followed by their activities, alone and in combination. Then, their cytotoxicity was measured in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Finally, molecular docking simulations were performed to elucidate molecular details of the interactions between ß-lactamase and the compounds binding to it (clavulanic acid, ampicillin, 7-epiclusianone, and guttiferone-A). The bacterial isolates were resistant to ampicillin and gentamicin. Both antibiotics showed predominantly synergistic antibacterial activities in combination with guttiferone-A or 7-epiclusianone. These two active substances were not cytotoxic at synergistic concentrations and both showed strong binding to ß-lactamase, which may explain the reversal of ampicillin resistance. These substances are promising for the treatment of bovine mastitis.

Antibacterial Activity of 7-Epiclusianone and Its Novel Copper Metal Complex on Streptococcus spp. Isolated from Bovine Mastitis and Their Cytotoxicity in MAC-T Cells.

Mastitis is an inflammation of mammary gland parenchyma that adversely affects bovine health and dairy production worldwide despite significant efforts to eradicate it. The aim of this work was to characterize the antimicrobial activity of 7-epiclusianone (7-epi), a compound extracted from the Rheedia brasiliensis fruit, its complex with copper against Streptococcus spp. isolated from bovine mastitis, and to assess their cytotoxicity to bovine mammary alveolar cells (MAC-T). The complex 7-epiclusianone-Cu (7-epi-Cu) was an amorphous green solid with optical activity. Its vibrational spectrum in the infrared region showed absorption bands in the high-frequency region, as well as bands that can be attributed to the unconjugated and conjugated stretching of the free ligand. The complex was anhydrous. One of the tested bacterial strains was not sensitive to the compounds, while the other three had MIC values of 7.8 µg mL-1 and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values between 15.6 and 31.3 µg mL-1. These two compounds are bacteriostatic, did not cause damage to the cell wall and, at sub-inhibitory concentrations, did not induce bacterial adhesion. The compounds were not cytotoxic. Based on these results, 7-epi and 7-epi-Cu exhibited desirable antimicrobial properties and could potentially be used in bovine mastitis treatment.

Furunculose estreptocócica em equinos / Streptococcal Furunculosis in horses

Foram atendidos quatro casos de furunculose bacteriana, causados pelo agente Streptococcus spp., em equinos de um centro de equoterapia no município de Lavras MG. Microrganismos do gênero Streptococcus não são agentes usuais deste tipo de afecção. As lesões se apresentavam circunscritas, alopécicas, nodulares, crostosas, dolorosas e não pruriginosas. O diagnóstico se baseou na apresentação clínica e na cultura de secreções coletadas das lesões cutâneas. Antibioticoterapia sistêmica e pomadas tópicas foram utilizados no tratamento, levando à resolução dos casos em vinte dias. Palavras-chave: Streptococcus spp., dermatologia, infecções bacterianas, pele. (AU)

We report four cases of bacterial furunculosis caused by Streptococcus spp. in horses located in a therapeutic riding center inLavras-MG. Microorganisms of the Streptococcus genus are not usual agents of this affection. The lesions were circumscribed,alopecic, nodular, some showed crosts, were painful and not itchy. The diagnosis was based on clinical presentation and culture ofsecretions collected from these lesions. Treatment consisted of systemic antibiotics and topical ointments, leading to resolutionin twenty days.(AU)

Furunculose estreptocócica em equinos / Streptococcal Furunculosis in horses

Foram atendidos quatro casos de furunculose bacteriana, causados pelo agente Streptococcus spp., em equinos de um centro de equoterapia no município de Lavras MG. Micro-organismos do gênero Streptococcus não são agentes usuais deste tipo de afecção. As lesões se apresentavam circunscritas, alopécicas, nodulares, crostosas, dolorosas e não pruriginosas. O diagnóstico se baseou na apresentação clínica e na cultura de secreções coletadas das lesões cutâneas. Antibioticoterapia sistêmica e pomadas tópicas foram utilizados no tratamento, levando à resolução dos casos em vinte dias.

We report four cases of bacterial furunculosis caused by Streptococcus spp. in horses located in a therapeutic riding center in Lavras-MG. Microorganisms of the Streptococcus genus are not usual agents of this affection. The lesions were circumscribed, alopecic, nodular, some showed crosts, were painful and not itchy. The diagnosis was based on clinical presentation and culture of secretions collected from these lesions. Treatment consisted of systemic antibiotics and topical ointments, leading to resolution in twenty days.

Pyrostegia venusta (Ker Gawl.) Miers Crude Extract and Fractions: Prevention of Dental Biofilm Formation and Immunomodulatory Capacity.

BACKGROUND: Caries and periodontal diseases remain as important diseases in the Brazilian population. One important pathogen associated with this situation is Streptococcus mutans and other important factor is this pathogen's ability to adhere firmly to the tooth surface leading to dental biofilm formation and caries development. OBJECTIVES: Determine the antibacterial and other biological activities of P. venusta related to its potential to be used in the treatment of caries and periodontal disease. METHODS: The growth inhibition by P. venusta of Streptococcus mutans, S. mitis, S. oralis and Candida albicans was determined using the broth microdilution method. In addition, the effect of the samples in adherence and reducing production of acids by S. mutans, and germ-tube formation of C. albicans was analysed. The Nitric Oxide (NO) production and cytotoxicity of P. venusta to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and RAW 264.7 Cell Line Murine Macrophage from Blood were assessed. RESULTS: The crude extract (CE) and ethyl-acetate (AF) and n-butanol (BF) fractions showed antibacterial activity. The ethyl-acetate (AF) fraction showed the highest inhibition percentage against the adherence of S. mutans and C. albicans cells without budding, beyond NO production inhibition. There was not any cytotoxicity in the murine macrophages RAW 264.7 cells. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that P. venusta presents potential to be used as a preliminary source of compounds that can provide helpful activity when used in prophylaxis or treatment of caries or periodontal disease. SUMMARY: Biological activities of Pyrostegia venusta and its potential for use in formulations for the prevention of oral diseases. Abbreviations used: NO: Nitric oxide, PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, CE: Crude extract, AF: Ethyl-acetate fraction, BF: n-butanol fraction, HF: Hexane fraction, WF: Water fraction, MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration, MBC: Minimum bactericidal concentration, ATCC: American Type Culture Collection, CFU: Colony-forming units, BHI: Brain heart infusion, RPMI: Roswell Park Memorial Institute, MOPS: 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid, DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's médium, LPS: Lipopolysacharide, MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide, OD: Optical density, AC: Acteoside.

Identificação da microbiota da cavidade oral de equinos / Oral cavity microbiota identification of horses / Identificación de la microbiota de la cavidad oral de equinos

Este trabalho descreve a recuperação e a identificação de bactérias da microbiota oral de equinos sadios provenientes da Sociedade Rural de Umuarama-PR e de centros de treinamento de Quarto de Milha da região. Foram coletados espécimes orais de 48 animais adultos de ambos os sexos, utilizando suabe estéril que foram semeados em ágar base acrescido de 5-8% de sangue ovino desfibrinado. As cepas isoladas foram identificadas segundo as suas características morfocoloniais, morfotinturiais e testes bioquímicos. Foram isolados a partir desses animais cocos gram-positivos (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. E Nocardia spp.) e gram-negativos (Moraxella spp.) além de bastonetes gram-negativos, residentes das regiões periodontal e terço médio da lingua. Os principais isolados bacterianos das amostras periodontais foram Staphylococcus spp. Em 81,25% (39/48) das amostras, seguido por Streptococcus spp. Em 41,67% (20/48) das amostras. Os achados derivados das amostras da lingua mostraram maior colonização de Streptococcus spp. Comparada aos Staphylococcus spp. Os resultados obtidos representaram contribuição original para o conhecimento da microbiota oral de equinos, tendo significado para a microbiologia comparada.

This paper describes the recovery and identification of bacteria from the oral microbiota of healthy horses from the Rural Society (Sociedade Rural) in Umuarama-PR and Quarter Horse training centers in the region. Oral specimens were collected from 48 adult animals of both sexes, using sterile swabs plated on blood agar. Isolates were identified according to their morpho-colonial, staining and biochemical test characteristics. Gram-positive (Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp., Nocardia spp.) and gram-negative (Moraxella spp.) cocci, as well as periodontal rod cells were isolated from the periodontal and middle third portion of the tongue. The main bacterial isolates from periodontal samples were Staphylococcus spp., found in 81.25% (39/48) samples, followed by Streptococcus spp. in 41.67% (20/48) samples. The findings derived from tongue samples presented higher Streptococcus spp colonization. Compared to Staphylococcus spp., the results represent an original contribution to the knowledge of horse oral microbiota, with significance to compared microbiology.

Esta investigación describe la recuperación y la identificación de bacterias de la microbiota oral en equinos sanos provenientes de la Sociedad Rural de Umuarama-PR y de centros de entrenamiento de Cuarto de Milla de la región. Se ha recolectado muestras orales de 48 animales adultos de ambos sexos, utilizando hisopos estériles que fueron sembrados en ágar base añadido de 5-8% de sangre ovino desfibrinado. Las cepas aisladas fueron identificadas segundo sus características morfo coloniales, morfo tintúrales y pruebas bioquímicas. Se aislaron a partir de esos animales cocos gran positivos (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. Y Nocardia spp.) y gran negativos (Moraxella spp.), además de bastones gran negativos, residentes de las regiones periodontal y medio de la lengua. Los principales aislados bacterianos de las muestras periodontales fueron Staphylococcus spp. En 81,25% (39/48) de las muestras, seguido por Streptococcus spp. En 41,67% (20/48) de las muestras. Los hallazgos derivados de las muestras de la lengua presentaron mayor colonización de Streptococcus spp. Comparada a los Streptococcus spp. Los resultados obtenidos representan una contribución original al conocimiento de la microbiota oral de equinos, que tienen significado para la microbiología comparada.

Identificação da microbiota da cavidade oral de equinos / Oral cavity microbiota identification of horses / Identificación de la microbiota de la cavidad oral de equinos

Este trabalho descreve a recuperação e a identificação de bactérias da microbiota oral de equinos sadios provenientes da Sociedade Rural de Umuarama-PR e de centros de treinamento de Quarto de Milha da região. Foram coletados espécimes orais de 48 animais adultos de ambos os sexos, utilizando suabe estéril que foram semeados em ágar base acrescido de 5-8% de sangue ovino desfibrinado. As cepas isoladas foram identificadas segundo as suas características morfocoloniais, morfotinturiais e testes bioquímicos. Foram isolados a partir desses animais cocos gram-positivos (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. E Nocardia spp.) e gram-negativos (Moraxella spp.) além de bastonetes gram-negativos, residentes das regiões periodontal e terço médio da lingua. Os principais isolados bacterianos das amostras periodontais foram Staphylococcus spp. Em 81,25% (39/48) das amostras, seguido por Streptococcus spp. Em 41,67% (20/48) das amostras. Os achados derivados das amostras da lingua mostraram maior colonização de Streptococcus spp. Comparada aos Staphylococcus spp. Os resultados obtidos representaram contribuição original para o conhecimento da microbiota oral de equinos, tendo significado para a microbiologia comparada.(AU)

This paper describes the recovery and identification of bacteria from the oral microbiota of healthy horses from the Rural Society (Sociedade Rural) in Umuarama-PR and Quarter Horse training centers in the region. Oral specimens were collected from 48 adult animals of both sexes, using sterile swabs plated on blood agar. Isolates were identified according to their morpho-colonial, staining and biochemical test characteristics. Gram-positive (Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp., Nocardia spp.) and gram-negative (Moraxella spp.) cocci, as well as periodontal rod cells were isolated from the periodontal and middle third portion of the tongue. The main bacterial isolates from periodontal samples were Staphylococcus spp., found in 81.25% (39/48) samples, followed by Streptococcus spp. in 41.67% (20/48) samples. The findings derived from tongue samples presented higher Streptococcus spp colonization. Compared to Staphylococcus spp., the results represent an original contribution to the knowledge of horse oral microbiota, with significance to compared microbiology.(AU)

Esta investigación describe la recuperación y la identificación de bacterias de la microbiota oral en equinos sanos provenientes de la Sociedad Rural de Umuarama-PR y de centros de entrenamiento de Cuarto de Milla de la región. Se ha recolectado muestras orales de 48 animales adultos de ambos sexos, utilizando hisopos estériles que fueron sembrados en ágar base añadido de 5-8% de sangre ovino desfibrinado. Las cepas aisladas fueron identificadas segundo sus características morfo coloniales, morfo tintúrales y pruebas bioquímicas. Se aislaron a partir de esos animales cocos gran positivos (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. Y Nocardia spp.) y gran negativos (Moraxella spp.), además de bastones gran negativos, residentes de las regiones periodontal y medio de la lengua. Los principales aislados bacterianos de las muestras periodontales fueron Staphylococcus spp. En 81,25% (39/48) de las muestras, seguido por Streptococcus spp. En 41,67% (20/48) de las muestras. Los hallazgos derivados de las muestras de la lengua presentaron mayor colonización de Streptococcus spp. Comparada a los Streptococcus spp. Los resultados obtenidos representan una contribución original al conocimiento de la microbiota oral de equinos, que tienen significado para la microbiología comparada. (AU)

Identificação da microbiota da cavidade oral de equinos / Oral cavity microbiota identification of horses / Identificación de la microbiota de la cavidad oral de equinos

Este trabalho descreve a recuperação e a identificação de bactérias da microbiota oral de equinos sadios provenientes da Sociedade Rural de Umuarama-PR e de centros de treinamento de Quarto de Milha da região. Foram coletados espécimes orais de 48 animais adultos de ambos os sexos, utilizando suabe estéril que foram semeados em ágar base acrescido de 5-8% de sangue ovino desfibrinado. As cepas isoladas foram identificadas segundo as suas características morfocoloniais, morfotinturiais e testes bioquímicos. Foram isolados a partir desses animais cocos gram-positivos (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. E Nocardia spp.) e gram-negativos (Moraxella spp.) além de bastonetes gram-negativos, residentes das regiões periodontal e terço médio da lingua. Os principais isolados bacterianos das amostras periodontais foram Staphylococcus spp. Em 81,25% (39/48) das amostras, seguido por Streptococcus spp. Em 41,67% (20/48) das amostras. Os achados derivados das amostras da lingua mostraram maior colonização de Streptococcus spp. Comparada aos Staphylococcus spp. Os resultados obtidos representaram contribuição original para o conhecimento da microbiota oral de equinos, tendo significado para a microbiologia comparada...

This paper describes the recovery and identification of bacteria from the oral microbiota of healthy horses from the Rural Society (Sociedade Rural) in Umuarama-PR and Quarter Horse training centers in the region. Oral specimens were collected from 48 adult animals of both sexes, using sterile swabs plated on blood agar. Isolates were identified according to their morpho-colonial, staining and biochemical test characteristics. Gram-positive (Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp., Nocardia spp.) and gram-negative (Moraxella spp.) cocci, as well as periodontal rod cells were isolated from the periodontal and middle third portion of the tongue. The main bacterial isolates from periodontal samples were Staphylococcus spp., found in 81.25% (39/48) samples, followed by Streptococcus spp. in 41.67% (20/48) samples. The findings derived from tongue samples presented higher Streptococcus spp colonization. Compared to Staphylococcus spp., the results represent an original contribution to the knowledge of horse oral microbiota, with significance to compared microbiology. KEYWORDS: Horses. Microbiota. Oral. Staphylococcus spp. Streptococcus spp...

Esta investigación describe la recuperación y la identificación de bacterias de la microbiota oral en equinos sanos provenientes de la Sociedad Rural de Umuarama-PR y de centros de entrenamiento de Cuarto de Milla de la región. Se ha recolectado muestras orales de 48 animales adultos de ambos sexos, utilizando hisopos estériles que fueron sembrados en ágar base añadido de 5-8% de sangre ovino desfibrinado. Las cepas aisladas fueron identificadas segundo sus características morfo coloniales, morfo tintúrales y pruebas bioquímicas. Se aislaron a partir de esos animales cocos gran positivos (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. Y Nocardia spp.) y gran negativos (Moraxella spp.), además de bastones gran negativos, residentes de las regiones periodontal y medio de la lengua. Los principales aislados bacterianos de las muestras periodontales fueron Staphylococcus spp. En 81,25% (39/48) de las muestras, seguido por Streptococcus spp. En 41,67% (20/48) de las muestras. Los hallazgos derivados de las muestras de la lengua presentaron mayor colonización de Streptococcus spp. Comparada a los Streptococcus spp. Los resultados obtenidos representan una contribución original al conocimiento de la microbiota oral de equinos, que tienen significado para la microbiología comparada...

Identificação da microbiota da cavidade oral de equinos / Oral cavity microbiota identification of horses / Identificación de la microbiota de la cavidad oral de equinos

Este trabalho descreve a recuperação e a identificação de bactérias da microbiota oral de equinos sadios provenientes da Sociedade Rural de Umuarama-PR e de centros de treinamento de Quarto de Milha da região. Foram coletados espécimes orais de 48 animais adultos de ambos os sexos, utilizando suabe estéril que foram semeados em ágar base acrescido de 5-8% de sangue ovino desfibrinado. As cepas isoladas foram identificadas segundo as suas características morfocoloniais, morfotinturiais e testes bioquímicos. Foram isolados a partir desses animais cocos gram-positivos (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. E Nocardia spp.) e gram-negativos (Moraxella spp.) além de bastonetes gram-negativos, residentes das regiões periodontal e terço médio da lingua. Os principais isolados bacterianos das amostras periodontais foram Staphylococcus spp. Em 81,25% (39/48) das amostras, seguido por Streptococcus spp. Em 41,67% (20/48) das amostras. Os achados derivados das amostras da lingua mostraram maior colonização de Streptococcus spp. Comparada aos Staphylococcus spp. Os resultados obtidos representaram contribuição original para o conhecimento da microbiota oral de equinos, tendo significado para a microbiologia comparada.(AU)

This paper describes the recovery and identification of bacteria from the oral microbiota of healthy horses from the Rural Society (Sociedade Rural) in Umuarama-PR and Quarter Horse training centers in the region. Oral specimens were collected from 48 adult animals of both sexes, using sterile swabs plated on blood agar. Isolates were identified according to their morpho-colonial, staining and biochemical test characteristics. Gram-positive (Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp., Nocardia spp.) and gram-negative (Moraxella spp.) cocci, as well as periodontal rod cells were isolated from the periodontal and middle third portion of the tongue. The main bacterial isolates from periodontal samples were Staphylococcus spp., found in 81.25% (39/48) samples, followed by Streptococcus spp. in 41.67% (20/48) samples. The findings derived from tongue samples presented higher Streptococcus spp colonization. Compared to Staphylococcus spp., the results represent an original contribution to the knowledge of horse oral microbiota, with significance to compared microbiology. KEYWORDS: Horses. Microbiota. Oral. Staphylococcus spp. Streptococcus spp.(AU)

Esta investigación describe la recuperación y la identificación de bacterias de la microbiota oral en equinos sanos provenientes de la Sociedad Rural de Umuarama-PR y de centros de entrenamiento de Cuarto de Milla de la región. Se ha recolectado muestras orales de 48 animales adultos de ambos sexos, utilizando hisopos estériles que fueron sembrados en ágar base añadido de 5-8% de sangre ovino desfibrinado. Las cepas aisladas fueron identificadas segundo sus características morfo coloniales, morfo tintúrales y pruebas bioquímicas. Se aislaron a partir de esos animales cocos gran positivos (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. Y Nocardia spp.) y gran negativos (Moraxella spp.), además de bastones gran negativos, residentes de las regiones periodontal y medio de la lengua. Los principales aislados bacterianos de las muestras periodontales fueron Staphylococcus spp. En 81,25% (39/48) de las muestras, seguido por Streptococcus spp. En 41,67% (20/48) de las muestras. Los hallazgos derivados de las muestras de la lengua presentaron mayor colonización de Streptococcus spp. Comparada a los Streptococcus spp. Los resultados obtenidos representan una contribución original al conocimiento de la microbiota oral de equinos, que tienen significado para la microbiología comparada.(AU)

Isolamento e resistência a antimicrobianos de cepas de Streptococcus spp. provenientes de rãs-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus) / Isolation and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus spp. strains from bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeiana)

Twelve bullfrogs were selected from two commercial frog farms and clinically diagnosed as attacked by Streptococcus disease. Sixty samples were collected, and Streptococcus spp. was isolated from all bullfrog, being 12 (100%) from the encephalus, seven from the kidneys (58.3%), three from the liver (25%), two from the spleen (16.6%), and one from the ascitic liquid (8.3%). Streptococcus "-hemolytic were isolated from all the 60 samples, which were sensible to chloramphenicol (100%), gentamycin (100%), vancomycin (96%), cefotaxime (96%), and cefoxitine (92%).(AU)

Características físico-químicas e contagem de células somáticas de leite proveniente de vacas naturalmente infectadas por streptococcus spp / Physic-chemical characteristics and somatic cell count in bovine milk naturally infected by streptococcus spp / Caracteristicas físico-químicas y computo de células somáticas de leche de vacas naturaimente infectadas por Strepcoccus spp

Foram estudadas 1051 vacas da raça Holandesa de seis propriedades leiteiras do estado de São Paulo. As amostras de leite foram cultivadas em ágar sangue ovino 8% e ágar MacConkey, sob aerofilia, por até 96 horas na intenção de isolar Streptococcus spp em estado puro. Confirmada a presença do agente, bem como a ausência de outros microrganismos aeróbicos nas amostras, realizaram-se as seguintes provas: densidade, gordura, extrato seco total (EST), extrato seco desengordurado (ESD), acidez (ºD), crioscopia, prova quantitativa para proteína, prova quantitativa para cloretos, contagem de células somáticas (CCS), bem como a classificação taxonômica do agente. A análise estatística dos resultados revelou que os Streptococcus spp promoveu alterações significativas no que diz respeito aos parâmetros densidade, gordura, teor de cloretos e contagem de células somáticas. Os resultados referentes aos padrões de proteína, EST, ESD e acidez não apresentam alterações estatisticamente significativas entre o grupo de amostras positivas para o agente e o grupo negativo. Com base nas alterações observadas conclui-se que o Streptococcus spp, como agente etiológico das mastites, causa perdas econômicas significativas aos produtores, indústria e consumidores da cadeia do leite.(AU)

1051 Holstein cows from six dairy farms in Sao Paulo state - Brazil were studied. Milk samples were cultivated in sheep blood agar and 8% MacConkey agar, under aerobic conditions for 96 hours in order to isolate Streptococcus spp in pure state. All the positive samples and the control group of negative ones were submitted to the following tests: density, fatness, total dry extract (EST), fatless dry extract (ESD), acidity (ºD), cryoscopy, quantitative protein proof, quantitative chlorine proof, somatic cell count (SCC) as well as the taxonomic classifi cation of the agent. The statistical analysis showed that Streptococcus spp was responsible for signifi cant alterations in the parameters of density, fatness, chlorine and CCS. The results from the standards of protein, EST, ESD and acidity didnt present alterations statistically signifi cant among the positive samples for the agent and the negative group. Based on the observed alterations it was concluded that Streptococcus spp, as etiologic agent of mastitis, can cause signifi cant economic losses to producers, industry and milk consumers. KEY WORDS: mastitis, Streptococcus spp, physic-chemical alterations, SCC.(AU)

Fueron estudiadas 1051 vacas de la raza Holandeza de seis propriedades de leche del Estado de São Paulo. Las muestras de leche fueron cultivadas en agar sangre de ovino 8% y agar MacConkey, bajo aerofi lia, hasta 96 horas para intentar aislar Streptococcus spp en estado puro. Confi rmada la presencia del agente, así como la ausencia de otros microorganismos aeróbicos en las muestras, fueron realizadas las siguientes pruebas: densidad, grasa, extracto seco total (EST), extracto seco sin grasa (ESD), acidez (D), crioscopia, prueba cuantitativa para las proteinas prueba cuantitativa para los cloretos, cómputo de las células somáticas (CCS), así como la clasifi cación taxonómica del agente. El análisis estadístico de los resultados reveló que los Streptococcus spp promovieron alteraciones signifi cativas para los parámetros densidad, grasa, tenor de cloretos y cómputo de células somáticas. Los resultados referentes a los moldes de proteínas, EST, ESD y acidez no presentaron alteraciones estadísticamente signifi cativas entre el grupo de muestras positivas para el agente y el grupo negativo. Basándose en las alteraciones observadas se conclui que el Streptococcus spp, como agente etiológico de la infección, causa pierdas económicas signifi cativas a los productores, a la industria y a los consumidores de la leche.(AU)

Características físico-químicas e contagem de células somáticas de leite proveniente de vacas naturalmente infectadas por streptococcus spp / Physic-chemical characteristics and somatic cell count in bovine milk naturally infected by streptococcus spp / Características físico-químicas y cómputo de células somáticas de leche de vacas naturalmentee infectadas por streptococcus spp

Foram estudadas 1051 vacas da raça Holandesa de seis propriedades leiteiras do estado de São Paulo. As amostras de leite foram cultivadas em ágar sangue ovino 8% e ágar MacConkey, sob aerofilia, por até 96 horas na intenção de isolar Streptococcus spp em estado puro. Confirmada a presença do agente, bem como a ausência de outros microrganismos aeróbicos nas amostras, realizaram-se as seguintes provas: densidade, gordura, extrato seco total (EST), extrato seco desengordurado (ESD), acidez (ºD), crioscopia, prova quantitativa para proteína, prova quantitativa para cloretos, contagem de células somáticas (CCS), bem como a classificação taxonômica do agente. A análise estatística dos resultados revelou que os Streptococcus spp promoveu alterações significativas no que diz respeito aos parâmetros densidade, gordura, teor de cloretos e contagem de células somáticas. Os resultados referentes aos padrões de proteína, EST, ESD e acidez não apresentam alterações estatisticamente significativas entre o grupo de amostras positivas para o agente e o grupo negativo. Com base nas alterações observadas conclui-se que o Streptococcus spp, como agente etiológico das mastites, causa perdas econômicas significativas aos produtores, indústria e consumidores da cadeia do leite.

ABSTRACT: 1051 Holstein cows from six dairy farms in Sao Paulo state - Brazil were studied. Milk samples were cultivated in sheep blood agar and 8% MacConkey agar, under aerobic conditions for 96 hours in order to isolate Streptococcus spp in pure state. All the positive samples and the control group of negative ones were submitted to the following tests: density, fatness, total dry extract (EST), fatless dry extract (ESD), acidity (ºD), cryoscopy, quantitative protein proof, quantitative chlorine proof, somatic cell count (SCC) as well as the taxonomic classifi cation of the agent. The statistical analysis showed that Streptococcus spp was responsible for signifi cant alterations in the parameters of density, fatness, chlorine and CCS. The results from the standards of protein, EST, ESD and acidity didn't present alterations statistically signifi cant among the positive samples for the agent and the negative group. Based on the observed alterations it was concluded that Streptococcus spp, as etiologic agent of mastitis, can cause signifi cant economic losses to producers, industry and milk consumers.

RESUMEN: Fueron estudiadas 1051 vacas de la raza Holandeza de seis propriedades de leche del Estado de São Paulo. Las muestras de leche fueron cultivadas en agar sangre de ovino 8% y agar MacConkey, bajo aerofi lia, hasta 96 horas para intentar aislar Streptococcus spp en estado puro. Confi rmada la presencia del agente, así como la ausencia de otros microorganismos aeróbicos en las muestras, fueron realizadas las siguientes pruebas: densidad, grasa, extracto seco total EST), extracto seco sin grasa (ESD), acidez (D), crioscopia, prueba cuantitativa para las proteinas prueba cuantitativa para los cloretos, cómputo de las células somáticas (CCS), así como la clasifi cación taxonómica del agente. El análisis estadístico de los resultados reveló que los Streptococcus spp promovieron alteraciones signifi cativas para los parámetros densidad, grasa, tenor de cloretos y cómputo de células somáticas. Los resultados referentes a los moldes de proteínas, EST, ESD y acidez no presentaron alteraciones estadísticamente signifi cativas entre el grupo de muestras positivas para el agente y el grupo negativo. Basándose en las alteraciones observadas se conclui que el Streptococcus spp, como agente etiológico de la infección, causa pierdas económicas signifi cativas a los productores, a la industria y a los consumidores de la leche.