The role of adolescent social inclusion in educational attainment among vulnerable youth.

BACKGROUND: Completing high school enables access to educational and employment opportunities associated with better physical and mental health and improved quality of life. Identifying modifiable factors that promote optimal educational trajectories for youth experiencing disadvantage is an important research focus. Social inclusion has been theorised to play a role in promoting better educational outcomes for this priority population, however limited research has examined this relationship. METHOD: This study used three waves of data from the state-representative Australian arm of the International Youth Development Study (IYDS) (youngest cohort, N = 733; 54% female, 95% Australian born) to examine the extent to which vulnerability in primary school (Grade 5; Mage = 10.97, SD = 0.38) and social inclusion in mid-adolescence (Year 10; Mage = 15.50, SD = 0.53), were associated with school completion in young adulthood (post-secondary; Mage = 19.02, SD = 0.43). RESULTS: Regression models identified an interaction between social inclusion and vulnerability (OR = 1.37, 95% CI [1.06, 1.77], p = .016), indicating that the association between vulnerability and school completion varied as a student's level of social inclusion increased. Higher social inclusion was beneficial for youth with lower levels of vulnerability but did not appear to influence school completion for the most vulnerable students. CONCLUSIONS: For many young people, promoting social inclusion may support engagement in education and play a protective role. However, further research is needed to better understand the role of social inclusion for highly vulnerable youth, particularly the mechanisms via which social inclusion may have differential effects on school completion.

Prevalencia del síndrome del impostor y nivel de autoestima en estudiantes de una facultad de medicina del Ecuador / Prevalence of impostor syndrome and level of self-esteem in students of a medical school in Ecuador

INTRODUCCIÓN. El síndrome del impostor es un trastorno caracterizado por la incapacidad del individuo para reconocer sus habilidades e interiorizar sus logros, lo cual impacta negativamente en la salud mental y desempeño académico-laboral. OBJETIVO. Identificar la prevalencia del síndrome del impostor y nivel de autoestima en estudiantes de una facultad de medicina del Ecuador. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio transversal descriptivo, aplicado en los estudiantes de medicina de segundo a décimo nivel, de la facultad de medicina de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador en el periodo febrero a junio de 2022. Para el análisis estadístico se aplicaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas, tablas cruzadas, razón de prevalencia, chi cuadrado como contraste de hipótesis. RESULTADOS. La mayoría de estudiantes con síndrome de impostor fueron mujeres (74,2%); pertenecer al sexo femenino aumentó dos veces su probabilidad (Razón de prevalencia: 2,12; Índice de confianza: 95% 1,66-2,17; p: <0,001). Para el sexo masculino autopercibirse como perfeccionista incrementó dos veces la probabilidad (Razón de prevalencia: 2,3; Índice de confianza: 95% 1,53-3,46; p: < 0,001). La autoestima baja no se asoció a mayor probabilidad de desarrollar este síndrome. En contraste, no percibir apoyo social incrementó al doble su probabilidad (Razón de prevalencia: 1,72; Índice de confianza: 95% 1,16-2,55; p 0,007). DISCUSIÓN. Estudios previos muestran elevada prevalencia de este síndrome en estudiantes medicina, con predominio en mujeres. En concordancia con la literatura citada, no existió asociación entre nivel de carrera y síndrome del impostor; el perfeccionismo se asocia a mayor probabilidad de síndrome del impostor. CONCLUSIÓN. El síndrome del impostor es frecuente en estudiantes de medicina, existen factores determinantes que incrementan la probabilidad del síndrome como ser mujer, autopercibirse como perfeccionista en la población masculina y no percibir apoyo social, la importancia de su reconocimiento reside en la prevención del distrés psicológico y la deserción académica.

INTRODUCTION. Impostor syndrome is a disorder characterized by an individual's inability to recognize his or her abilities and internalize his or her accomplishments, which negatively impacts mental health and academic and occupational performance. OBJECTIVE. To identify the prevalence of impostor syndrome and level of self-esteem in students of a medical school in Ecuador. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Descriptive cross-sectional study, applied to medical students from second to tenth level, of the medical school of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador in the period January to June 2022. For the statistical analysis, absolute and relative frequencies, cross tables, prevalence ratio, chi-square and hypothesis testing were applied. RESULTS. The majority of students with impostor syndrome were female (74.2%); belonging to the female sex increased their probability twice (Prevalence ratio: 2.12; Confidence index: 95% 1.66-2.17; p: < 0.001). For the male sex, self-perceiving oneself as a perfectionist increased the probability twice (Prevalence ratio: 2.3; Confidence index: 95% 1.53-3.46; p: < 0.001). Low self-esteem was not associated with a higher probability of developing this syndrome. In contrast, not perceiving social support doubled its probability (Prevalence ratio: 1.72; Confidence index: 95% 1.16-2.55; p 0.007). DISCUSSION. Previous studies show a high prevalence of this syndrome in medical students, with a predominance in women. In agreement with the literature cited, there was no association between career level and impostor syndrome; perfectionism is associated with a higher probability of impostor syndrome. CONCLUSIONS. Impostor syndrome is frequent in medical students, there are determinant factors that increase the probability of the syndrome such as being a woman, self-perceived perfectionism in the male population and not perceiving social support, the importance of its recognition lies in the prevention of psychological distress and academic desertion.

Evasão acadêmica no curso de Odontologia de uma instituição pública e ações voltadas para mitigar o abandono discente / Evasión académica en la carrera de Odontología en una institución pública y acciones encaminadas a mitigar la deserción estudiantil / Academic evasion in the Dentistry course of a public institution and actions to mitigate student dropout

O estudo investigou aspectos da evasão e avaliou a satisfação de calouros no curso de Odontologia de uma instituição de ensino superior pública, além de relatar intervenções de combate ao abandono acadêmico desenvolvidas neste período. Trata-se de um estudo com uma fase observacional, transversal, descritiva, quanti-qualitativa, com aplicação de questionários; e outra intervencionista, com atividades voltadas ao combate à evasão. Foram entrevistados 74 alunos, matriculados no primeiro ano do curso, com idade entre 15 e 30 anos. Os dados foram expressos em frequências absoluta e percentual e analisados pelos testes exato de Fisher ou qui-quadrado de Pearson (p ≤0,05). Variáveis com associação significativa foram submetidas ao modelo de regressão logística multinomial (RLM). Observou-se que o grau de insatisfação com o curso foi maior entre os alunos com menor faixa etária (entre 15 e 20 anos) e menor renda familiar (até 2 salários mínimos). Além disso, cerca de 66% dos possíveis desistentes ainda não haviam vivenciado nenhum tipo de experiência prática odontológica, enquanto 69% dos que pretendem completar o curso já passaram por algum contato com vivências clínicas. A RLM revelou que a Odontologia não ser a primeira opção aumenta em 7,96 vezes a probabilidade de desistência do curso, independente do semestre. Observou-se, ainda, redução nos índices de evasão a medida em que intervenções (cerimônia do jaleco, visita clínica guiada e apadrinhamento de alunos calouros) foram realizadas. Conclui-se que asações implementadas para o combate de evasão no curso de Odontologia impactaram positivamente nos índices de abandono do curso nos semestres analisados (AU).

El estudio investigó aspectos de la evasión y evaluó la satisfacción de los estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de Odontología de una institución de enseñanza superior pública, además de relatar las intervenciones para combatir la deserción académica desarrolladas en ese período. Se trata de un estudio con fase observacional, transversal, descriptivo, cuantitativo y cualitativo, con aplicación de cuestionarios; y otra intervencionista, con actividades encaminadas a combatir la evasión. Fueron entrevistados 74 estudiantes, matriculados en el primer año de la carrera, con edades entre 15 y 30 años. Los datos se expresaron como frecuencias absolutas y porcentuales y se analizaron mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher o la prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson (p ≤0,05). Las variables con asociación significativa fueron sometidas al modelo de regresión logística multinomial (RLM). Se observóque el grado de insatisfacción con el curso fue mayor entre los estudiantes de menor franja etaria (entre 15 y 20 años) y menor renta familiar (hasta 2 salarios mínimos). Además, alrededor del 66% de los posibles desertores aún no habían tenido ningún tipo de experiencia práctica en odontología, mientras que el 69% de los que pretendían completar el curso ya habían tenido algúncontacto con experiencias clínicas. El RLM reveló que el hecho de no ser Odontología la primera opción aumenta en 7,96 veces la probabilidad de deserción de la carrera, independientemente del semestre. También hubo una reducción en las tasas de deserción a medida que se realizaron intervenciones (ceremonia de bata de laboratorio, visita clínica guiada y patrocinio de estudiantes de primer año). Se concluye que las acciones implementadas para combatir la deserción en la carrera de Odontología incidieron positivamente en las tasas de deserción de la carrera en los semestres analizados (AU).

The study investigated aspects of evasion and evaluated the satisfaction of freshmen in the Dentistry course at a public higher education institution, in addition to reporting interventions to combat academic dropout developed during this period. This is astudy with an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative and qualitative phase, with the application of questionnaires; and another interventionist, with activities aimed at combating evasion. 74 students were interviewed, enrolled in the first year of the course, aged between 15 and 30 years old. Data were expressed as absolute and percentage frequencies and analyzed using Fisher's exact test or Pearson's chi-square test (p ≤0.05). Variables with significant association were submitted to the multinomial logistic regression model (RLM). It was observed that the degree of dissatisfaction with the course was higher among students with a lower age group (between 15 and 20 years old) and lower family income (up to 2 minimum wages). In addition, around 66% of possible dropouts had not yet had any kind of practical dental experience, while 69% of those intending to complete the course had already had some contact with clinical experiences. The RLM revealed that Dentistry not being the first option increases the probability of dropping out of the course by 7.96 times, regardless of the semester. There was also a reduction in dropout rates as interventions were carried out (lab coat ceremony, guided clinical visit and sponsorship of freshman students)were performed. It is concluded that the actions implemented to combat dropout in the Dentistry course had a positive impact on the dropout rates of the course in the analyzed semesters (AU).

Variáveis de contexto pessoal e académico como preditoras do abandono escolar / Personal and academic variables as predictors of student dropout / Variables del contexto personal y académico como predictores del abandono escolar

Resumo Enquadramento: A complexidade do fenómeno do abandono escolar, perspetivado como a não conclusão do curso frequentado, pressupõe diferentes preditores deste fenómeno. Objetivos: Identificar variáveis preditoras dos motivos de intenção de abandono escolar nos estudantes do ensino superior. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo transversal, descritivo-correlacional e analítico, com uma amostra não probabilística por conveniência de 1175 estudantes portugueses. O instrumento de recolha de dados incluiu um questionário sociodemográfico, uma Escala de Motivos de Intenção de Abandono Escolar do Ensino Superior e outras escalas validadas. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos identificam, como variáveis preditoras das quatro dimensões dos motivos de intenção de abandono escolar, a idade e o sexo, a perceção emocional, a performance de aprendizagem e dimensões das vivências académicas dos estudantes. Conclusão: Constata-se a necessidade de apoiar os estudantes ao nível da gestão de expectativas, dotando-os de uma maior capacidade de lidar com as suas perceções emocionais. Sugere-se a criação de medidas de mitigação do abandono escolar atendendo ao seu perfil sociodemográfico e criação de infraestruturas que garantam a qualidade de vida académica.

Abstract Background: Student dropout, defined as the non-completion of the attended school program, is a complex phenomenon that involves different predictors. Objective: To identify predictor variables for dropout in higher education students. Methodology: This is a descriptive-correlational and analytical cross-sectional quantitative study with a non-probability convenience sample of 1175 Portuguese students. The data collection instrument included a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Reasons for Higher Education Dropout Scale, and other validated scales. Results: The results obtained identify age and gender, emotional perception, learning performance, and dimensions of students' academic experiences as predictor variables for the four dimensions of student dropout. Conclusion: This study points to the need to support students in managing their expectations, providing them with a greater ability to deal with their emotional perceptions. Implementing measures to mitigate students' dropout, considering their socio-demographic profiles, and creating infrastructures that ensure the quality of academic life are recommended.

Resumen Marco contextual: La complejidad del fenómeno del abandono escolar, visto como la no finalización del curso, presupone diferentes predictores de este fenómeno. Objetivos: Identificar variables predictoras de los motivos de la intención de abandono escolar en estudiantes de educación superior. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo transversal, descriptivo-correlacional y analítico, con una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia de 1175 estudiantes portugueses. El instrumento de recogida de datos incluyó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, una Escala de Motivos de Intención de Abandono Escolar de la Educación Superior y otras escalas validadas. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos identifican, como variables predictoras de las cuatro dimensiones de los motivos de abandono escolar, la edad y el género, la percepción emocional, el rendimiento del aprendizaje y las dimensiones de las experiencias académicas de los estudiantes. Conclusión: Es necesario apoyar a los estudiantes en la gestión de las expectativas, proporcionándoles una mayor capacidad para gestionar sus percepciones emocionales. Se sugiere crear medidas para mitigar el abandono escolar según su perfil sociodemográfico, así como infraestructuras que aseguren la calidad de vida académica.

Deserción, rezago estudiantil y egreso exitoso en 40 cohortes del Programa de Medicina de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Colombia

Introducción: la deserción es una preocupación constante de las escuelas de Medicina. Su estudio y solución es complejo, compromete el futuro del estudiante y afecta la reputación académica del programa. Objetivo: determinar las tasas de deserción, rezago estudiantil y egreso exitoso en 40 cohortes del Programa de Medicina de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Materiales y Métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo. Resultados: las tasas promedio de Deserción Interanual del Programa (TDIP) y de la Institución (TDI) fueron del 4,1 % y 4 %, respectivamente. Las tasas de Deserción Acumulada del Programa (TDAP) y de Deserción por Cohorte (TDC) fueron similares (27 %), con una tendencia a la disminución en la última década y significativamente menores a la de algunos programas de medicina del país. La tasa de Graduación sin rezago (TGP) fue del 66 %. En el grupo de estudiantes desertores, predominaron los hombres (35,4 % vs 29,5 %, p=0,001), sin diferencias por estrato social o tipo de institución de estudios secundarios. Conclusión: los datos presentados permiten establecer comparaciones con otros programas en Colombia y en el mundo. Propone unas definiciones ajustadas de deserción acumulada y egreso exitoso, que proveen información más exacta y se convierten en un importante insumo para la planeación académica y el diseño de políticas/estrategias hacia la detección temprana, el apoyo integral de los estudiantes vulnerables y el egreso exitoso.

Summary Introduction: Dropout rates are a constant concern for schools of medicine. Its study and solution are complex, it compromises the future of the student and affects the academic reputation of the program. Objective: Determine the dropout, graduation, and student lag rates of 40 cohorts of the Medicine Program of the Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Materials and methods: Descriptive observational study. Results: The average for inter-semester dropout rates for the Program (TDIP) and institution (TDI) were very similar: 4,1% and 4 %, respectively. The cumulative dropout rates of the Program (TDAP) and dropout per cohort (TDC) were similar (27%), with a tendency to decrease in the last decade and significantly less than that of some medicine programs in the country. The graduation rate (TGP) without delay was 66%. In the group of dropouts, men predominated (35,4% vs 29,5%, p = 0.001), without differences by social stratification or type of high school education institution. Conclusion: The data presented allow to establish comparisons with other programs in Colombia and around the world. Adjusted definitions of cumulative dropout and successful graduation are proposed, providing more accurate information and becoming an important input for academic planning and the design of policies and strategies towards early detection, comprehensive support for vulnerable students, and successful graduation.

Self-reported mental health in adolescents attending school and its association with later school dropout: A prospective 2.5-year follow-up study.

AIMS: Mental health problems in young people are associated with educational outcomes. There are persistent difficulties in screening for these problems and mapping the trajectories of mental health in relation to academic and work outcomes. We investigated whether Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores in adolescents attending school were associated with school dropout in upper secondary school, both in adolescents with already recognised mental disorders and adolescents without known mental disorders. METHODS: The data consisted of a questionnaire targeting 13,100 adolescents attending the final year of compulsory school combined with data derived from a national register. SDQ scores were divided into normal, borderline and abnormal scores. School dropout in upper secondary school was identified during a 2.5-years follow-up period. We stratified the data by recognised mental disorders. Logistic regression was performed to examine the association between SDQ scores and later school dropout with adjustment for parents' mental disorders, parents' educational level, sex, suicidal thoughts, school absence and negative childhood events. RESULTS: During follow-up, 18.5% of adolescents experienced school dropout. Adolescents with abnormally high SDQ scores and borderline SDQ scores had higher odds for school dropout than adolescents with SDQ scores in the normal range. The association remained in the adjusted analysis, although more covariates showed independent contributions in association with school dropout. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported SDQ scores in adolescents attending school were associated with later school dropout irrespective of recognised mental disorders, indicating that markers such as the SDQ might contribute to the identification of vulnerable adolescent groups, although the findings of multifactorial contributions suggest we should consider more indicators in a risk assessment for school dropout.

Mirada ecológica en la construcción del proyecto de vida de jóvenes rurales / Ecological perspective of the construction of life projects by rural youth / Uma perspectiva ecológica na construção do projeto de vida dos jovens rurais

Resumen (analítico) El proyecto de vida de la juventud rural colombiana transita por dificultades en su planeación y desarrollo. Por ende, este estudio busca identificar los factores que interfieren en la construcción del proyecto de vida en jóvenes rurales, con una metodología de investigación cualitativa, enfoque etnometodológico y diseño transversal. Se emplearon como técnicas de recolección de información entrevistas semies tructuradas, grupos focales, observación y análisis documental. Participaron 117 adolescentes, ocho docentes y seis padres de familia. Los resultados facilitaron comprender los factores individuales y sociales que inciden en el proyecto de vida de la juventud rural desde el modelo ecológico, que aborda la relación del adolescente rural con las características de su contexto y específicamente desde el microsistema, mesosistema, exosistema y macrosistema.

Abstract (analytical) The life projects of Colombian young people in rural areas are facing difficulties in terms of planning and implementation. This study sought to identify the factors that affect rural young people's construction of life projects. This involved the use of a qualitative research methodology, ethnomethodological approach and cross-sectional design. Semi-structured interviews, focus groups, participant observation and documentary analysis were selected as data collection techniques. A total of 117 adolescents, 8 teachers and 6 parents participated. Using the ecological model, the results facilitated understanding of the individual and social factors that influence the life projects of rural youth. The study identified the importance of the relationship of rural adolescents with the characteristics of their context and specifically the microsystems, mesosystems, exosystems and macrosystems they inhabit.

Resumo (analítico) O projeto de vida da juventude rural colombiana está passando por dificuldades em seu planejamento e desenvolvimento, portanto, este estudo procura identificar os fatores que interferem na construção do projeto de vida na juventude rural, com uma metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa, abordagem etnometodológica e desenho transversal. Foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, grupos de foco, observação e análise documental como técnicas de coleta de dados. Participaram um total de 117 adolescentes, 8 professores e 6 pais participaram. Os resultados facilitaram uma compreensão dos fatores individuais e sociais que influenciam o projeto de vida dos jovens rurais a partir do modelo ecológico, que aborda a relação dos adolescentes rurais com as características de seu contexto e especificamente do microssistema, mesossistema, exossistema e macrossistema.

Estratégias pedagógicas de inclusão e retenção de estudantes em tempos de pandemia: relato de experiência / Pedagogical strategies for the inclusion and retention of students in pandemic period: experience report

Trata-se de um artigo de relato de experiência que objetiva descrever o uso das ferramentas e estratégias adotadas pelas Faculdades Nova Esperança (Facene) visando àinclusão e retenção dos estudantesdurante a suspensão das atividades acadêmicas presenciais. A Facene disponibilizou uma plataforma de interface, o Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem, que possibilitou aos professores continuar com suas aulas teóricas em modalidade síncrona, no mesmo dia e horário da modalidade presencial, visando maior interaçãoe engajamento dos estudantes durante as aulas.Modalidades diferenciadas e adaptadas de avaliações e Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, além de atendimento psicológico e pedagógico são descritas como fundamentais para que a Facene obtivesse uma evasão acumulada do semestre reduzida, diante da expectativa de maior evasão devido a suspensão das atividades presenciais decorrenteda pandemia. As medidas pedagógicas adotadas no Plano de Contingência Institucional da Facene tiveramêxito como estratégias de inclusão e retenção dos estudantes, além de minimizar as limitaçõespor elesvivenciadas na continuidade da sua rotina acadêmica, ajudando-os no processo remoto de ensino, aprendizagem e avaliação (AU).

This experience report describes technological tools and strategies adopted by Nova Esperança Faculty (Facene) and provides examples of inclusion and retention of students during suspension of in-person academic activities. Facene provided an interface platform, the Virtual Learning Environment, which enabled professors to continue with theoretical classes via synchronous modality onthe same day and time of in-person modality, enhancing interaction and engagement during classes. Different and adapted modalities of evaluations and undergraduate dissertation and psychological and pedagogical assistance helped decrease dropout rates of the semester, considering the pandemic context. Pedagogical strategies of the institutional contingency plan of Nova Esperança Faculty were successful in minimizing limitations experienced by students in the continuity of their academic routine, assisting in the remote teaching process, learning, and evaluation (AU).

Anxiety of Cuban Dentistry students and intention to abandon studies during the COVID-19 pandemic / Ansiedad de estudiantes de Estomatología cubanos e intención de abandonar estudios durante la pandemia COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the prevalence of anxiety in stomatology students during the COVID-19 pandemic and its relationship with the intention to leave their study programs. Methods: descriptive-cross-sectional study where an online survey was applied to assess the mental health of stomatology students and residents and the intention to abandon their studies during COVID-19. 917 students from 16 provinces responded. A 24-item survey was made on intentions to leave the study programs both in undergraduate students and residents of specialties, general mental health from the point of view of anxiety and effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic. The generalized anxiety disorder scale was used to determine anxiety. The variables necessary to carry out the analyzes were dichotomized and the bivariate relationships between the intention to abandon the study programs and each predictor were evaluated by generating Odds Ratio as a measure of effect size. Independence tests were performed to identify differences in proportions with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: 37.4% of the students had Generalized Anxiety Disorder. The need for libraries (1.92 [1.34; 2.74]; <0.001), virtual libraries (2.19 [1.66; 2.89]; <0.001), tutoring services (3.26 [2.47; 4.32]; 0.000), digital books (1.65 [1.26 ; 2.17]; <0.001) and other needs (1.70 [1.06; 2.75]; 0.029). Anxiety was related to the intention to abandon their careers (3.05 [2.01; 4.69]; p <0.001) and the same as the perception of whether the COVID-19 pandemic had negatively impacted their mental health (1.87 [1.20; 2.99] The logistic regression showed significance reaffirming the results. Conclusions: More than a quarter of the participants had generalized anxiety disorder. The desire to abandon their study programs by the participants was related to the presence of anxiety and their self-perception that the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on their mental health.

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de la ansiedad en estudiantes de estomatología durante la pandemia de la COVID-19 y su relación con la intención de dejar sus programas de estudio. Métodos: estudio descriptivo- transversal donde se aplicó una encuesta online donde se evaluó la salud mental de estudiantes y residentes de estomatología y la intención de abandonar sus estudios durante la COVID-19. Respondieron 917 estudiantes de 16 provincias. Se confeccionó encuesta de 24 ítems sobre intenciones de dejar los programas de estudios tanto en estudiantes de pregrado como residentes de especialidades, salud mental general desde el punto de vista de la ansiedad y efectos de la Pandemia de COVID-19. Para la determinación de la ansiedad se empleó la escala de trastorno de ansiedad generalizada. Se dicotomizaron las variables necesarias para efectuar los análisis y evaluó las relaciones bivariadas entre la intención de abandonar los programas de estudio y cada predictor mediante la generación de Relación de Momios como medida de tamaño del efecto.  Se realizaron pruebas de independencia para identificar diferencias en las proporciones. Resultados: El 37.4% de los estudiantes tuvieron Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada. La necesidad de bibliotecas (1.92 [1.34;2.74]), bibliotecas virtuales (2.19 [1.66;2.89]), servicios de tutoría (3.26 [2.47;4.32]), libros digitales (1.65 [1.26;2.17]) y otras necesidades (1.70 [1.06;2.75]). La ansiedad estuvo relacionada con la intención de abandonar sus carreras (3.05 [2.01;4.69]) e igual que la percepción de si la pandemia de la COVID-19 había impactado negativamente en su salud mental (1.87[1.20;2.99]. La regresión logística arrojó significación reafirmando los resultados. Conclusiones: Más de la cuarta parte de los participantes tuvo trastorno de ansiedad generalizada. El deseo de abandonar sus programas de estudio por los participantes estuvo relacionado la presencia de ansiedad y la autopercepción de estos de que la pandemia del COVID-19 ha impactado en su salud mental.

Dificultades para la participación en actividades académicas de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública - Perú, 2018 - 2020

Introducción. Las tasas de abandono de cursos obstaculizan el logro de metas de capacitación del personal afectando el servicio que brindan a la población. Objetivo. Identificar las principales dificultades y obstáculos que los trabajadores de salud reportan para participar en las actividades académicas de ENSAP, 2018-2020, con fines de mejorar el alcance de su oferta académica. Métodos. Investigación transversal descriptiva de nivel nacional aplicando un cuestionario virtual anónimo tipo Likert de 44 preguntas, validado (α de Cronbach de 0,888). Resultados. Recibimos 3299 respuestas de personal con características generales similares y representativas del público objetivo y beneficiario de ENSAP. Las respuestas fueron de una muestra mayoritariamente femenina, con formación enfermería y/o técnico en enfermería, entre los 30 y 49 años de edad. 41% tuvo un trabajo adicional; dedica a la capacitación un máximo 5 horas/semana después de las 18:00 hs. La carga laboral (82%), carga familiar (51%), mala conexión a red (57%), la falta de reconocimiento o compensación por capacitación de los jefes (49%), olvidar haberse inscrito (47%) y olvidar la contraseña de acceso (41%) fueron los obstáculos más mencionados. Conclusiones. La formación continua a distancia ofrece una oportunidad para llegar al personal de salud nivel nacional. El alto número de inscritos en las actividades de ENSAP refleja una gran demanda e interés por capacitarse a distancia, pero es necesario plantear alternativas frente a los obstáculos que enfrentan para culminar la capacitación sin reforzar las desigualdades existentes.

Introduction. Dropout rates hinder the achievement of staff training goals, affecting the service they provide to the population. Objective. Identify the main difficulties and obstacles to participate in the academic activities of ENSAP, 2018-2020, that health workers report in order to improve the scope of its academic offer. Methods. Descriptive cross-sectional research at the national level applying an anonymous online Likert-type questionnaire with 44 questions, validated (Cronbach's α of 0.888). Results. We received 3299 responses from personnel with similar general characteristics and representative of the target audience and beneficiary of ENSAP. The answers come from a mostly female sample, with nursing and / or nursing technical training, between 30 and 49 years of age. 41% have an additional job; dedicates a maximum of 5 hours / week to training and after 6:00 p.m. Excessive workload (82%), family burden (51%), poor network connection (57%), lack of recognition or compensation for training hours (49%), forgetting registration (47%) and forgetting platform´s password (41%) were the most mentioned obstacles. Conclusions. Continuous training through online modalities offers a great opportunity to reach more people at the national level. The high number of people enrolled in ENSAP activities reflects a great demand and interest in distance training, but it is necessary to propose alternatives to the obstacles they face to complete training without reinforcing existing inequalities.

Análisis predictivo de la deserción estudiantil en la carrera de Medicina / Predictive analysis on student dropout in the Medicine degree

RESUMEN Fundamento: la deserción escolar debe ser analizada en un contexto multivariado para identificar sus causas y efectos, de ningún modo debe ser atribuida a una sola causa. Objetivo: determinar la capacidad predictiva de algunos factores sobre la deserción escolar de estudiantes de Medicina, a través de un modelo de regresión logística múltiple. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico, predictivo en 87 estudiantes de Medicina matriculados en el curso 2015-2016. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos y empíricos y se realizó en dos etapas: en la primera se identificaron las variables más asociadas a la deserción escolar a través de un análisis bivariado; y en la segunda, se analizó la capacidad de estas variables para predecir la deserción a través de la regresión logística (análisis multivariado). Resultados: en el análisis bivariado, nueve variables mostraron relación significativa con la deserción escolar; al someterlas al análisis multivariado (correlación y regresión logística), solo cuatro mantuvieron la significación estadística, por lo que finalmente fueron las escogidas como variables predictoras. Conclusiones: la deserción escolar en estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina puede predecirse por la combinación sinérgica de los cuatro predictores: dedicarle al estudio menos de 15 horas por semana, el sexo femenino, la repitencia escolar y el bajo rendimiento académico en Morfofisiología.

ABSTRACT Background: school dropout should be analyzed in a multivariate context to identify its causes and effects; in no way, it should be attributed to a single cause. Objective: to determine the predictive capacity of some factors on the school dropout of medical students, through a multiple logistic regression model. Methods: an analytical, predictive study was carried out in 87 medical students enrolled in the 2015-2016 academic year. Theoretical and empirical methods were applied and it was carried out in two stages: in the first, the variables most associated with school dropout were identified through a bivariate analysis; and in the second, the ability of these variables to predict dropout was analyzed through logistic regression (multivariate analysis). Results: in the bivariate analysis, nine variables showed a significant relationship with school dropout; when subjected to multivariate analysis (correlation and logistic regression), only four maintained statistical significance, that´s why they were finally chosen as predictor variables. Conclusions: school dropout in Medicine students can be predicted by the synergistic combination of the four predictors: dedicating less than 15 hours per week to study, female sex, school repetition and low academic performance in Morphology-physiology.

Aproximación al costo de oportunidad de los cuidadores menores de edad en México / Opportunity cost approximation of underage caregivers in Mexico

Resumen: Objetivo: Calcular el costo en que incurre la sociedad por contar con menores de edad que no estudian y que son cuidadores de adultos mayores con dependencia. Material y métodos: Se utilizó el Estudio Nacional de Salud y Envejecimiento en México (Enasem) 2015 para calcular el número de cuidadores menores de edad que no estudian. Se consultó la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) 2018 para estimar diferencias salariales entre poblaciones con escolaridad de primaria y preparatoria terminada en edad laboral. Dichas diferencias fueron convertidas a valor presente, agregadas y multiplicadas por el número de cuidadores menores de edad. Resultados: El costo anual total de contar con cuidadores menores de edad que abandonan los estudios asciende a 1 112 179 210 pesos. Conclusiones: El tema de los cuidadores menores de edad no ha recibido la atención requerida de la bibliografía especializada y aún existe una gran brecha de investigación al respecto.

Abstract: Objective: To calculate the cost assumed by society for having underaged individuals who do not study and provide care to dependent older adults. Materials and methods: The Mexican Health and Ageing Study (MHAS) 2015 was used to calculate the number of underage caregivers who do not attend school. The Household Income and Expenditure Survey (ENIGH) 2018 was used to estimate wage differences between populations at working age with complete elementary and complete high school education. Those differences were then converted to present value, added and multiplied by the number of underage caregivers. Results: The total annual cost of having underage caregivers who drop out of school adds to 1 112 179 210 pesos. Conclusions: The topic concerning underage caregivers has not received enough attention from specialized literature and there is still a large research gap in this area.

Experiencias de estudiantes de medicina que interrumpen sus estudios universitarios: un estudio cualitativo / Experiences of medical students dropping out studies. A qualitative approach

Background: Medical students have a higher prevalence of mental health problems and are more likely to drop out their studies as a result. Aim: To comprehend the academic experiences of medical students who dropped out medical studies in a university that experienced an increase in drop out by medical students and consultations to mental health services. Material and Methods: A qualitative study with a phenomenological design, in which in-depth interviews were conducted with eight medical students who dropped out studies. The analysis was carried out by means of the constant comparison method up to the level of open coding. Results: Two categories were identified, namely experiences prior to interrupting studies, which comprised the subcategories of academic and social experiences, and motives that lead to drop-out, which considered the subcategories related to vocation, mental health and pursuing other projects. Conclusions: These results identified the challenges faced by students prior to stopping-out, that are related to academic aspects, peer relations and student-teacher relationship. The main motives for drop-out reported by students were mental health problems.

Do untreated caries influence the school leaving of adolescents? A cohort study

Abstract The objective was assess the influence of untreated caries and socioeconomic status (SES) on school dropout among adolescents. A six-year cohort study was conducted with random sample of adolescents (12 years-old) who had been evaluated initially in 2012 from Santa Maria, Brazil. Sex, socioeconomic status (mother's education and household income), and untreated caries were collected at the baseline. The outcome variable was collected at the follow-up through self-report and was divided into three categories: adolescents who only studied, who studied and employed, and who school dropouts. A multinomial regression model was performed to assess the influence of oral disease and SES on school leaving, through relative risk ratio (RRR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). From of 1,134 adolescents evaluated at the baseline, 768 participants with a mean age of 17.5 years were re-evaluated at follow-up (67.8% response rate). Male (RRR: 2.31; 95%CI: 1.19-4.48) and adolescents with untreated caries at the baseline had an increment in school-leaving (RRR: 2.26; 95%CI: 1.12-4.56). Mothers with low education (RRR: 2.24; 95%CI: 1.09-4.61) had a higher probability of having children who leave school. Untreated caries and low SES in early adolescence can influence the tendency to school dropouts.

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar a influência da cárie dentária não tratada e do status socioeconômico (SES) sobre o abandono escolar dos adolescentes. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte de seis anos de acompanhamento com uma amostra aleatória de adolescentes (12 anos de idade) avaliados inicialmente em 2012 em Santa Maria, Brasil. Sexo, status socioeconômico (educação da mãe e renda familiar) e cárie não tratada foram coletados no início do estudo. A variável de desfecho foi coletada no acompanhamento por meio do autorrelato e foi dividida em três categorias: adolescentes que apenas estudavam, aqueles que estudavam e trabalhavam e quem tinha abandonado a escola. Um modelo de regressão multinomial foi realizado para avaliar a influência da doença bucal e do SES sobre o abandono escolar, por meio da razão de risco relativo (RRR) e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Dos 1.134 adolescentes avaliados no início do estudo, 768 participantes com idade média de 17,5 anos foram reavaliados no acompanhamento (taxa de resposta de 67,8%). Meninos (RRR: 2,31; IC 95%: 1,19- 4,48) e adolescentes com cárie não tratada no início do estudo tiveram um incremento no abandono escolar (RRR: 2,26; IC 95%: 1,12-4,56). Mães com baixa escolaridade (RRR: 2,24; IC95%: 1,09-4,61) tiveram maior probabilidade de ter filhos que abandonaram a escola. Cárie dentária não tratada e baixo SES no início da adolescência pode influenciar a tendência de evasão escolar.

Adaptação e validação para português da Escala de Motivos de Intenção de Abandono do Ensino Superior / Adaptation and validation to European Portuguese of the Reasons for Higher Education Dropout Scale / Adaptación y validación al portugués de la Escala de Motivos de Intención de Abandono de la Enseñanza Superior

Enquadramento: O abandono escolar é um problema com que os sistemas educacionais se debatem, colocando em causa a qualidade da instituição escolar e do próprio sistema de ensino. Objetivos: Adaptar e avaliar as qualidades psicométricas da Escala de Motivos de Intenção de Abandono do Ensino Superior para os estudantes do ensino superior português. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo, transversal, descritivo e correlacional. Foi aplicado um questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica e a Escala de Motivos de Intenção de Abandono do Ensino Superior a uma amostra de 891 estudantes, maioritariamente feminina (68,2%), com uma idade média de 19,68 anos. Recorreu-se à análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória. Resultados: A escala composta por 30 itens, organizados em 4 dimensões: Organizacional; Gestão de vida; Profissional e Relacional. Apresenta uma variância explicada de 46,5%, e um alfa de Cronbach de 0,959. Conclusão: Os resultados apoiam a adequação psicométrica da escala para a população portuguesa, indicando que poderá ser utilizada em ensaios futuros neste âmbito e permitir a implementação de medidas que o contrariem.

Background: School dropout is a problem education systems struggle with, which disputes the quality of the educational institution and the education system itself. Objectives: To adapt and validate the psychometric qualities of the Reasons for Higher Education Dropout Scale for Portuguese higher education students. Methodology: Quantitative, transversal, descriptive, and correlational study. A sociodemographic characterization questionnaire and the Reasons for Higher Education Dropout Scale were applied to a sample of 891 students, mostly female (68.2%), with a mean age of 19.68 years. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used. Results: The scale, consisted of 30 items, is organized into 4 dimensions: Organizational; Life management; Professional; and Relational. It presents an explained variance of 46.5% and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.959. Conclusion: The results support the psychometric adequacy of the scale for the Portuguese population and indicate that it can be used in future studies in this area and allow the implementation of measures to prevent dropout.

Marco contextual: El abandono escolar es un problema al que los sistemas educativos se enfrentan, y que pone en causa la calidad de la institución escolar y del propio sistema de enseñanza. Objetivos: Adaptar y evaluar las cualidades psicométricas de la Escala de Motivos de Intención de Abandono de la Enseñanza Superior para los estudiantes de la enseñanza superior portuguesa. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo y correlacional. Se aplicó un cuestionario de caracterización sociodemográfica y la Escala de Motivos de Intención de Abandono de la Enseñanza Superior a una muestra de 891 estudiantes, mayoritariamente femenina (68,2%), con una edad media de 19,68 años. Se recurrió al análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Resultados: La escala estuvo compuesta por 30 ítems, organizados en 4 dimensiones: Organizativa; Gestión de la vida; Profesional y Relacional. Presenta una varianza explicada del 46,5% y un alfa de Cronbach de 0,959. Conclusión: Los resultados apoyan la adecuación psicométrica de la escala para la población portuguesa, lo que indica que se podrá utilizar en ensayos futuros en este ámbito y permitir la implementación de medidas que lo contraríen.

Pregnancy in university students / Embarazo en estudiantes universitarias

For the integral formation of college students requires strategies and programs that prepare them completely and committed to motherhood and fatherhood. Education as a preventive mechanism leads to improved family and social communication, and therefore prevents an unwanted pregnancy that could result in school dropouts.

Para la formación de estudiantes universitarios integrales se requiere de estrategias y programas que los preparen de manera completa y comprometida para la maternidad y paternidad. La educación como mecanismo de prevención conlleva a mejorar la comunicación familiar y social, y de esta manera se evita un embarazo no deseado que pudiera tener como consecuencia la deserción escolar.

El embarazo adolescente en la deserción escolar de una comunidad indígena del noreste del estado de Guanajuato, México / Adolescent pregnancy in dropping out of an indigenous community in the northeast of the state of Guanajuato, Mexico

La adolescencia es una etapa de cambios tanto físicos como emocionales, en cual ocurren embarazos, los cuales son un problema de salud pública y tienen mayor incidencia en poblaciones de recursos económicos bajos, con poco acceso a los servicios de salud y educación, como lo son las comunidades indígenas. Un embarazo a temprana edad es una responsabilidad para la mujer que lo presenta pues tiene que enfrentar a una sociedad llena de prejuicios, la consecuencia principal a esta edad es abandonar temporal o definitivamente sus estudios para tomar la responsabilidad de esta nueva situación. OBJETIVO: Conocer cuáles son los factores que influyen en la deserción escolar de madres adolescentes en una comunidad indígena. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo, se estudió una muestra de 16 madres adolescentes de entre 15 y 20 años, se utilizó una ficha de información donde se identifican las causas principales por las que se origina la deserción escolar respetando en todo momento la autonomía, justicia, beneficencia y no maleficencia. RESULTADOS: La causa principal fue la falta de recursos económicos, seguido por la pérdida de interés por los estudios y el cuidar a su hijo. CONCLUSIÓN: La falta de recursos económicos y la responsabilidad de un nuevo ser son la causa principal para abandonar la escuela, debido a las responsabilidades nuevas que acaba de adquirir, no logrando la adaptación al nuevo cambio.

Adolescence is a stage of physical and emotional changes, in which pregnancies occur, which are a public health problem and have a greater incidence in populations with low economic resources, with little access to health and education services, as are the indigenous communities. A pregnancy at a young age is a responsibility for the woman who presents it because she has to face a society full of prejudices, the main consequence at this age is to temporarily or permanently leave school to take responsibility for this new situation. OBJECTIVE: Knowing the factors that influence the dropout of adolescent mothers in an indigenous community. METHODOLOGY: A quantitative, transversal and descriptive study was carried out, we studied a sample of 16 adolescent mothers between 15 and 20 years old, an information sheet was used to identify the main causes of school dropout, respecting autonomy, justice, beneficence and non-maleficence at all times. RESULTS: The main cause was thelack of economic resources followed by the loss of interest in the studies and caring for their child. CONCLUSION: The lack of economic resources and the responsibility of a new being are the main cause to leave school, due to the new responsibilities that have just acquired, not achieving the adaptation to the new change.

Deserción educativa en adolescentes usuarios de los centros de salud Jardines del Hipódromo, Badano Repetto y Salvador Allende / Highschool dropout in adolescents assisted at Jardines del Hipódromo, Badano Repetto and Salvador Allende Health Care Centers / Evasão escolar nos adolescentes usuários dos centros de saúde Jardines del Hipódromo, Badano Repetto e Salvador Allende

Resumen: Introducción: la deserción estudiantil adolescente constituye un problema socioeconómico y cultural. Existen escasos estudios nacionales que describan esta temática. Objetivo: conocer los factores relacionados con la deserción estudiantil en adolescentes de 12 a 19 años usuarios de las policlínicas de los centros de salud Jardines del Hipódromo, Badano Repetto y Centro Cívico Salvador Allende entre el 20 de agosto y el 20 de setiembre de 2017. Metodología: estudio descriptivo observacional mediante encuesta anónima. Se incluyeron todos los adolescentes de 12 a 19 años que asistieron a dichos centros y abandonaron el sistema educativo. Variables: edad, sexo, último año cursado, números de años repetidos, motivos de deserción, características del núcleo familiar, estímulo familiar y de pares. Resultados: contestaron 79% (64/81) de los adolescentes. La media de edad fue de 17,2 años (rango 12-19), sexo femenino 60,9% (39/64). No completó el Ciclo Básico el 60,9% de los encuestados. Los principales motivos de deserción reportados fueron: falta de interés personal 43,8% (28/64), repetición 42,2% (27/64) y falta de interés por materias dictadas 32,80% (21/64). Refirieron repetir al menos un año: 14/27, dos veces: 8/27. Motivos de repetición reportados: inasistencia: 15/27, seguido por falta de interés: 6/27. Consideraron importante el estudio para su futuro: 82,8%. Refirieron contar con apoyo familiar: 93,7%, y de sus pares: 64,5%. Conclusión: la mayoría de los adolescentes encuestados no completó el Ciclo Básico, las principales causas de deserción referidas fueron la falta de interés personal y la repetición. La deserción estudiantil adolescente es un problema multifactorial que requiere un abordaje interdisciplinario y transinstitucional.

Summary: Introduction: adolescent high school dropout is a social, economic and cultural problem. Few national research studies have addressed this issue. Objective: learn the factors linked to high school dropout in adolescents of 12 to 19 years of age assisted by the Jardines del Hipódromo, Badano Repetto and Centro Cívico Salvador Allende Health Centers between August 20 and September 20, 2017. Methodology: observational descriptive study carried out through an anonymous survey that included all adolescents aged 12 to 19 who attended these centers and had dropped out of the academic system. Variables: age, gender, last year in school, grade repetition number, reasons for dropout, family characteristics, and stimuli received from family and peers. Results: 79% (64/81) of adolescents responded the survey. The mean age was 17.2 years (range 12-19), female 60.9% (39/64). 60.9% of adolescents had not finished junior high school and the main reasons stated were: lack of personal interest 43.8% (28/64), grade repetition 42.2% (27/64) and lack of interest in the classes taught 32.80% (21/64). 14/27 reported having to repeat at least one grade 14/27, and 8/27 reported having to repeat the grade twice. The main reasons for having to repeat a grade were: absenteeism 15/27, followed by lack of interest 6/27. 82.8% of the adolescents thought completing their studies was important for their future. 93.7% reported they had family support, and 64.5% reported they had peer support. Conclusion: most of the adolescents surveyed did not complete junior high school and lack of personal interest and having to repeat a grade were reported as the main reasons for dropout. Adolescent high school dropout is a multifactorial problem that requires an interdisciplinary and inter-institutional approach.

Resumo: Introdução: a evasão escolar de adolescentes do ensino médio é um problema socioeconômico e cultural. Existem poucos estudos nacionais que descrevam este tópico. Objetivo: conhecer os fatores relacionados com a evasão escolar em adolescentes de 12 a 19 anos usuários das policlínicas dos centros de saúde Jardines del Hipódromo, Badano Repetto e Centro Cívico Salvador Allende, entre 20 de agosto e 20 de setembro de 2017. Metodologia: estudo descritivo observacional feito através duma pesquisa anônima. Todos os adolescentes com idades entre 12 e 19 anos que frequentaram esses centros e abandonaram o sistema educacional foram incluídos. Variáveis: idade, sexo, último ano no sistema escolar, número de anos repetidos, motivos para a evasão, características do núcleo familiar, família e estímulo entre pares. Resultados: 79% (64/81) dos adolescentes responderam. A média de idade foi de 17,2 anos (variação de 12 a 19 anos), sexo feminino 60,9% (39/64). 60,9% não completaram o ciclo básico. Os principais motivos de abandono escolar relatados foram a falta de interesse pessoal 43,8% (28/64), reprovação 42,2% (27/64) e falta de interesse nas disciplinas do ensino médio 32,80% (21/64). Eles relataram reprovar pelo menos um ano 14/27, 2 vezes 8/27. Razões de repetência relatadas: ausência 15/27, seguida de falta de interesse 6/27. 82,8% consideraram o estudo importante para seu futuro. 93,7% relataram ter de apoio familiar e 64,5% de seus pares. Conclusão: a maioria dos adolescentes pesquisados não completaram o ensino médio básico, e as principais causas de evasão escolar foram a falta de interesse pessoal e a repetência. O abandono de estudantes adolescentes é um problema multifatorial que requer uma abordagem interdisciplinar e interinstitucional.

Effectiveness of the settings-based intervention Shaping the Social on preventing dropout from vocational education: a Danish non-randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Lack of formal education is an important social determinant of health inequality and represents a public health problem. School dropout is particularly common in vocational education; however few prevention programs targeting dropout in the vocational school setting have been evaluated. The purpose of the present study was to test the effect on school dropout of a settings-based intervention program (named Shaping the Social) that targeted the school organization in order to create social and supportive learning environments. METHODS: A non-randomized controlled design including four large intervention schools and six matched-control schools was used. The target population was students in technical and agricultural vocational education, which is provided to students from age 16. Students were enrolled at school start. Register-based data (n = 10,190) was used to assess the effect on school dropout during a 2-year period. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated in logistic regression models, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, parental income, prior school dropout and type of basic course. Student survey (n = 2396) at 10-week follow-up was used to examine wellbeing at school (four subscales: school connectedness, student support, teacher relatedness, and valuing the profession) which was the hypothesized proximal intervention effect. As a secondary aim, we examined how the student wellbeing factors were associated with school dropout, independently of the intervention, and we explored whether the student wellbeing factors were potential mediators. RESULTS: The present study showed an intervention effect on school dropout with dropout rates lower in intervention schools (36%) than control schools (40%) (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74, 0.99). We had no attrition on the dropout outcome. School connectedness mediated the intervention effect; no significant mediation effects were found for student support, teacher relatedness, and valuing the profession. Independently of the intervention, each student wellbeing factor prevented dropout. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study suggest that a comprehensive, multicomponent school-based intervention could prevent dropout from vocational education by promoting school connectedness; nevertheless, the dropout rate remained high. Our results point to the need to explore how to further improve the wellbeing at school among young people in vocational education. TRIALS REGISTRATION: ISRCTN, ISRCTN57822968 . Registered 16 January 2013 (retrospective registered).

Estudio de casos y controles de factores relacionados con el rendimiento académico en estudiantes de medicina / Case-control study on factors related with the academic performance of medical students

Introducción: el bajo rendimiento y la consecuente deserción académica son problemas crecientes que pueden afectar la situación socio-económica de un país. Se han postulado los estilos de aprendizaje como factores determinantes del rendimiento académico y es necesario estudiarlos, con el fin de proponer estrategias encaminadas a su resolución. Objetivos: relacionar el estilo de aprendizaje y diferentes variables sociodemográficas con el rendimiento académico en los estudiantes de medicina de una universidad privada del suroccidente colombiano. Métodos: participaron los estudiantes de medicina que cumplían los criterios de inclusión: caso por bajo rendimiento y su respectivo control, a quienes se les analizó variables sociodemográficas, académicas y estilos de aprendizaje; información que se obtuvo de la base de registro académico de la universidad ICESI, mediante un proceso avalado por el comité de ética de dicha universidad. Para el análisis, se usaron técnicas de estadística descriptiva e inferencial por medio del software SPSS 19.0. Resultados: del total de la población (n= 340 estudiantes), 35 cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad, a quienes se les asignó el respectivo control. No se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre el estilo de aprendizaje y el rendimiento académico general, ni con el rendimiento específico de las materias profesionales evaluadas. Tampoco se encontró relación entre el rendimiento académico y las variables sociodemográficas de la población a estudio. Conclusiones: el rendimiento académico en los estudiantes de medicina de nuestra población, puede estar influenciado por otras variables diferentes al estilo de aprendizaje. Sin embargo, se deben tener en cuenta las diversas limitaciones técnicas que este estudio pudo haber tenido(AU)

Introduction: low academic performance and dropout rates are consistently growing problems that can affect the socio-economic situation of a country. The determinants of the problem need to be identified, in order to propose strategies which could be adopted for a further solution. Objectives: Relate learning style and different sociodemographic variables with academic performance in medical students of a private university in southwestern Colombia. Methods: The study includes medical students which met the criteria for inclusion as a case for underperformance and its respective control. Socio-demographic, academic and learning style variables were analyzed with information obtained from the basis of the academic record from Icesi university. Through a process, supported by the ethics committee of the institution. For the analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics techniques were used by SPSS 19.0 software. Results: of the total population (n = 340 students), 35 met the criteria for eligibility and were assigned to their respective control. No statistically significant relationship between learning style and the general performance or the specific performance of professionalizing subjects was found. Nor relationship between academic performance and socio-demographic variables of the study population was found. Conclusions: academic performance in medical students in our population may be influenced by other different learning style variables. However, the technical limitations of the study should had been considered(AU)