Urgencias médicas durante el tratamiento estomatológico en los planes de estudio D y E de estomatología / Medical emergencies during oral treatment in the D and E study plans of the dental medicine major

Introducción: El objetivo fundamental de la práctica estomatológica contemporánea es dar solución no solo a aquellas entidades que afectan el aparato estomatognático, sino prevenir y tratar aquellas urgencias médicas que puedan presentarse durante el ejercicio de la profesión. Este propósito solo resulta posible mediante la formación de un estomatólogo con una elevada preparación científico-técnica. Objetivo: Evaluar los contenidos relacionados con las urgencias médicas durante la atención estomatológica en los planes de estudio D y E de la carrera de estomatología. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis documental de los planes de estudio D y E. Durante el cual se revisaron el perfil profesional, los modos de actuación, y los programas de la disciplina integradora Estomatología Integral y de las asignaturas. Asimismo, se valoraron los contenidos relacionados con las urgencias médicas durante la atención estomatológica, el semestre en que se imparte la asignatura, los objetivos, los temas, y el sistema de conocimientos y habilidades. Resultados: Las asignaturas y disciplinas que incorporaron contenidos relacionados con las urgencias médicas durante la atención estomatológica fueron: Operatoria Clínica, Atención Integral a la Familia III, Farmacología y Preparación para la Defensa. El análisis documental realizado y las entrevistas ejecutadas mostraron la existencia de diversos criterios en relación con estos contenidos en las asignaturas abordadas. Conclusiones: Los contenidos relacionados con las urgencias médicas durante la atención estomatológica en los programas de las asignaturas y disciplinas evaluados resultaron limitados e insuficientes, y presentaron algunas deficiencias desde el punto de vista didáctico(AU)

Introduction: The fundamental objective of contemporary oral care practice is to provide solutions not only to those entities that affect the oral apparatus, but also to prevent and treat those medical emergencies that may appear during professional practice. This purpose can be achieved only through the training of an oral physician with a high scientific-technical preparation. Objective: To assess the contents related to medical emergencies during oral care in the D and E study plans of the dental medicine major. Methods: A documentary analysis of the D and E study plans was carried out; the process consisted in reviewing the professional profile, the modes of action and the syllabuses of the integrating discipline Comprehensive Dental Medicine, as well as of the subjects. Likewise, an assessment was carried out of the contents related to medical emergencies during oral care, the semester in which the subject is taught, the objectives, the topics, as well as the system of knowledge and skills. Results: The subjects and disciplines including contents related to medical emergencies during oral care were Clinical Surgery, Comprehensive Family Care III, Pharmacology and Preparation for Defense. The conducted documentary analysis and the performed interviews showed the existence of diverse criterions with respect to these contents in the addressed subjects. Conclusions: The contents related to medical emergencies during oral care in the assessed syllabuses of subjects and disciplines were concluded to be limited and insufficient, as well as presented some deficiencies from the didactic point of view(AU)

Trends in practice intentions and preferences of clinical associate students: Implications for training and health services in South Africa.

BACKGROUND: The University of Pretoria (UP) had its first intake of Bachelor of Clinical Medical Practice (BCMP) students in 2009. The objectives of this study were to examine the trends in geographical practice intentions and preferences of the first nine cohorts of BCMP students. We also assessed sector and level of care preferences of six BCMP cohorts. METHODS: Cross-sectional studies were conducted 2011, 2014 and 2017. First-, second- and third-year UP BCMP students were invited to complete a electronic questionnaire. Our analyses consisted of calculating proportions for the practice intentions and preferences for each surveys, and performing multiple logistic regression on the aggregated date to determine their associations with sociodemographic and training characteristics. RESULTS: The proportion of participants intending to practise as a clinical associate in a rural area in South Africa directly after graduating was 62.5% in the 2014 survey and 69.7% in the 2017 survey, compared to 59.6% in the 2011 survey. The majority in all three surveys (53.4% in 2011, 56.6% in 2014 and 59.8% in 2017) indicated a preference for rural practice. Both rural practice intention and rural practice preference were found to be significantly associated with respondent's self-description of having lived most of her/his life in a rural area, and rural district hospital exposure during training. In 2014 and 2017, approximately two-thirds of the participants selected a public sector option as their most preferred work setting. District hospitals were the most preferred setting of 30.3% participants in 2014 and 32.0% in 2017. CONCLUSION: Most participants across the three surveys intended to work in rural settings. Considering that this could provide a sustainable solution to the shortage of health care workforce in rural areas, policy makers in both higher education and health need to promote and ensure the viability of the training of this category of health care providers.

Teaching animal welfare in veterinary schools in Latin America.

There is a high demand for a veterinary education in animal welfare (AW) with different approaches from the academic, society and trade points of view. Latin American (LA) countries members of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) are under the urge and should be obligated to teach AW. The aims of this article are to analyze the current drives of change on the importance of teaching animal welfare in LA, the competences recommended from international education organizations for the region, and to provide the contents on the curriculum in AW that a future veterinarian should achieve in the LA scenario, in other words to examine why teaching AW, what should be taught and how. Despite significant advances in introducing AW into veterinary training programs, much remains to be done regarding the future of this field in teaching veterinary science in Spain and LA countries, and in including this science as an independent course in programs at distinct levels to integrate the scientific, ethical and legal aspects of AW. This paper presents a proposal that was constructed with a view towards integrating diverse curricular approaches based on criteria, contents and concepts provided by the researchers and professors who collaborated in the book entitled: Bienestar Animal: Una Visión Global en Iberoamerica [Animal Welfare: A Global Vision in Ibero-America]. To ensure veterinary students will be better equipped to graduate with OIE day 1 competencies in AW, teaching approaches are needed that support project-based learning and gamification, critical thinking, reflection and collaborative learning.

Cambios suscitados en la formación del capital humano que confecciona prótesis estomatológica en Villa Clara / The changes in the formation of human resources for prosthodontics in Villa Clara

La formación del capital humano dedicado a la confección de las prótesis estomatológicas con una preparación política-ideológica, ética y científica según los principios de sociedad cubana, incide en la eficacia de los graduados y en el aumento de la calidad de vida de la población. Este trabajo realizado por docentes de la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud "Julio Trigo López" consistió en una investigación descriptiva con enfoque histórico lógico y resume las etapas fundamentales por las que transitó este proceso en Villa Clara desde 1977 hasta 2010. Los datos fueron obtenidos a partir de un análisis documental de los hechos históricos, se consultó el registro nominal de graduados, los planes de estudio y la fundamentación para la carrera de Técnicos Medios y Licenciados en Prótesis Estomatológica. El procesamiento de la información analizada permitió apreciar que esta especialidad ha tenido un creciente desarrollo durante el período estudiado.

The formation of prosthodontists with a political-ideological, ethical and scientific preparation according to the principles of the revolution have a great incidence in the efficiency of this personnel as well as in the elevation of life quality in the population. This work was carried out by the professors of "Julio Trigo López" Health Technology Faculty. This is a descriptive research work with a historical-logical approach. It summarizes the different stages of the research work in Villa Clara in the period from 1977 to 2010. The data was collected through the analysis of documents of the historical events, there were consulted the records of graduated students, the study plans and the foundation of the prosthodontics career for technicians and bachelors. The analysis of the information showed that this specialty has had a steady development during this period.

La formación del capital humano de Atención Estomatológica en Villa Clara / The formation of human resources in the stomatologic attention in Villa Clara

El presente trabajo resultó de una investigación descriptiva con enfoque histórico-lógico llevada a cabo en la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud "Julio Trigo López" de Villa Clara, desde el curso 1985-1986 hasta 2009-2010, consistió en una revisión documental sobre la historia, formación y evolución del personal técnico de apoyo al estomatólogo. Se emplearon métodos del nivel teórico: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo y del empírico: análisis documental para consultar los planes de estudio, la fundamentación de la carrera y el registro nominal de graduados de forma escalonada (formación de la asistente dental, el técnico medio y el licenciado en atención estomatológica) con el objetivo de describir la historia de esta especialidad en la provincia y determinar su número de egresados hasta la fecha. El estudio permitió conocer las diferentes etapas por las que ha transitado este proceso a partir de sus transformaciones curriculares, y valorar el salto cualitativo que generó el diseño progresivo de su formación.

The current work was based on a previous descriptive research work that had a historical-logical approach which was carried out in Villa Clara Health Technology Faculty from the academic year1985-1986 to 2009-2010; it was a documental review about the history, formation and evolution of the technical personnel which bach up odontologists in their work. Theoretical methods were used such as: Historical-logical, anatytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive. Empirical methods were also used: Documental analysis so as to consult the study plans, the foundations of the career and the register of graduated students, (the formation of dental assistants, dental technicians and the Bachelor in Stomatologic Attention) with the objective to describe the history of the specialty in the province and to determine the number of graduated students up to the current date. The study allowed to know the different stages of this process as well as the curricular transformations and to assess the qualitative advancing steps which generated its progressive formation.