Trigeminal Ophthalmic Branch Schwannoma: Case Report and Literature Review

Schwannomas are the fourth most common primary neoplasms affecting the brain and cranial nerves. Central lesions commonly arise from sensory nerve roots, and a common intracranial site is the vestibular branch of the 8th nerve (>85%). We present the case report of a patient who has a schwannoma extending from the pterygopalatine fossa to the orbit, complaining about facial pain in the trajectory of the trigeminal ophthalmic branch. Schwannomas represent 1 to 2% of all neoplasms of the orbit, and trigeminal schwannomas are extremely rare, accounting for less than 0.5% of all intracranial tumors.

Abordaje transconjuntival en comparación con abordaje subciliar para el tratamiento de fracturas orbitarias / Transconjunctival versus subciliary approach for the treatment of orbital fractures

RESUMEN: Introducción: Los abordajes transconjuntival preseptal y subciliar han sido ampliamente utilizados para el manejo quirúrgico de las fracturas orbitarias. Sin embargo, aún existe incertidumbre sobre las complicaciones asociadas a cada uno de estos abordajes. Métodos: Realizamos una búsqueda en Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante el cribado de múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, analizamos los datos de los estudios primarios. Realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. Resultados y conclusiones: Identificamos seis revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyeron 21 estudios primarios, de los cuales cuatro corresponden a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que el abordaje transconjuntival preseptal podría disminuir tanto la incidencia de ectropión como de un resultado estético insatisfactorio, pero la certeza de la evidencia es baja. Además, este abordaje probablemente disminuye el riesgo de complicaciones intra y postoperatorias, tales como diplopía, parestesia transitoria, equimosis, exposición escleral, laceración del plato tarsal y laceración palpebral inferior. Por otro lado, el abordaje transconjuntival podría aumentar el riesgo de entropión, pero la certeza de la evidencia también es baja.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: The preseptal transconjunctival and subciliary approach have been widely used for the surgical management of orbital fractures. However, there is still uncertainty about the complications associated with each of these approaches. Methods: We searched in Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. Results and conclusions: We identified six systematic reviews that included 21 primary studies, four of which correspond to randomized trials. We conclude that the preseptal transconjunctival approach could decrease the incidence of ectropion and an unsatisfactory aesthetic result, but the certainty of the evidence is low. Furthermore, this approach probably decreases the risk of intra and postoperative complications, such as diplopia, transient paresthesia, ecchymosis, scleral show, tarsal plate laceration and lower palpebral laceration. On the other hand, the transconjunctival approach could increase the risk of entropion, but the certainty of the evidence is also low.

O acesso subciliar como opção para o tratamento de fratura do complexo zigomático-orbitário: relato de caso / The subciliary approach as an option for the treatment of zigomatic-orbital complex fractures: case report

A escolha do tipo de acesso para exploração do complexo zigomático-orbitário depende da localização e tipo de fratura, da experiência do cirurgião e do sucesso dos resultados obtidos. São vários os tipos de acesso para essa região, dentre eles, podem ser citados o acesso subciliar, o subtarsal e o transconjuntival. O acesso subciliar além de promover uma excelente exposição do rebordo infra-orbitário, da parede lateral da órbita e do assoalho orbital, mostra um resultado estético aceitável com cicatriz imperceptível. No entanto, alguns problemas estão relacionados a esta abordagem como o aumento da exposição da esclera e o ectrópio. O propósito deste trabalho é apresentar um caso clínico e discutir seu protocolo de tratamento, bem como suas vantagens e desvantagens e as possíveis complicações.

The type of access for treatment of the zygomatic-orbital complex fractures depends on the fracture type and localization, the surgeon's experience and the good outcomes obtained. There are several types of approach to this place, like the subciliary, the subtarsal and transconjunctival approach. The subciliary approach in addition to promoting an excellent exposure of the infra-orbital rim, the side wall of the orbit and the orbital floor it can end with an acceptable aesthetic result and imperceptible scar. However, some problems are related to this approach as increasing the exposure of the sclera and ectropion. The purpose of this paper is to present a clinical case and discuss the protocol of treatment and their advantages and disadvantages and possible complications.