[Application of metabonomics in study of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome:a review].

Syndrome is a nonlinear "internal-excess external-deficiency", "dynamic spatial-temporal" and "multi-dimensional" complex system and thus only by using a versatile method can the connotation be expounded. Metabonomics, which is dynamic, holistic, and systematic, is consistent with the overall mode of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)(holistic view and syndrome differentiation and treatment). Therefore, metabonomics is very important for the research on the differentiation, material basis, and metabolic pathways of syndromes, and efficacy on syndromes. This study reviewed the application of metabonomics in the study of TCM syndromes in recent years, which is expected to objectify the research on TCM syndromes.

Application of metabonomics in study of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome:a review / 中国中药杂志

Syndrome is a nonlinear "internal-excess external-deficiency", "dynamic spatial-temporal" and "multi-dimensional" complex system and thus only by using a versatile method can the connotation be expounded. Metabonomics, which is dynamic, holistic, and systematic, is consistent with the overall mode of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)(holistic view and syndrome differentiation and treatment). Therefore, metabonomics is very important for the research on the differentiation, material basis, and metabolic pathways of syndromes, and efficacy on syndromes. This study reviewed the application of metabonomics in the study of TCM syndromes in recent years, which is expected to objectify the research on TCM syndromes.

Caracterización metabólica de pacientes pediátricos con sobrepeso y obesidad / Metabolic characterization of overweight and obese pediatric patients

Introducción: La obesidad afecta a niño y adultos, y se asocia con la aparición de enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles, pero que se pueden presentar, incluso en edades tempranas de la vida. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, analítico de pacientes egresados del Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel y Hospital José Domingo de Obaldía, con diagnóstico de sobrepeso, obesidad; fueron estudiados 185 pacientes entre las edades de 2 a 15 años durante el periodo comprendido del 1 enero 2015 al 31 de diciembre del 2019. Resultados: Se encontró una frecuencia, en 5 años, de 4.6 pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad, por cada mil egresos hospitalarios. El 96% presentó obesidad y 4% sobrepeso. En individuos mayores de 10 años, 36.8% cumplían criterios de síndrome metabólico. Se encontró en las variables numéricas: IMC: 31.3Kg/m2, Insulina: 25.8uUI/ml, glucosa: 110.6mg/dl, HOMA: 6.1, dentro de este grupo se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la presión arterial sistólica / diastólica (p= 0.0002 / 0.0014), ALT (p=0.05), triglicéridos (p=0.0001), HDL (p= 0.0001). De los pacientes con síndrome metabólico 80% presentaban obesidad severa. En las variables categóricas se encontraron anormales: ALT 72.4%, colesterol 22.9%, triglicéridos 68.6% (OR=6, IC=2.4-14.97), LDL 28.6%, HDL 71.4% (OR:8.65, IC= 3.31-22.56), insulina 66.6%, glucosa 52.9% (OR= 7.87, IC= 2.78-22.27) y resistencia a insulina en 81.4%. El grupo de edad de prepúberes no está exento de presentar resistencia a la insulina. Conclusiones: En este estudio se encontró que las complicaciones metabólicas más significativas fueron hipertrigliceridemia, HDLc bajo e hipertensión arterial. La frecuencia encontrada está muy por debajo de lo reportado en la literatura. Es urgente el desarrollo de estrategias adecuadas de fomento de la salud, para promover cambios en los hábitos alimentarios y en la actividad física desde la edad infantil, con el objeto de formar conductas que permanezcan en el tiempo, como medidas preventivas de la obesidad y de sus complicaciones.

Introduction: Obesity affects children and adults, and is associated with the appearance of chronic diseases that are not communicable, but that can occur, even at an early age in life. Methods: Retrospective, analytical study of patients discharged from Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel and Hospital José Domingo de Obaldia, diagnosed with overweight, obesity; 185 patients between the ages of 2 to 15 years were studied during the period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019. Results: A frequency, in 5 years, of 4.6 overweight and obese patients was found for every thousand hospital discharges. 96% presented obesity and 4% overweight. In individuals older than 10 years, 36.8% met criteria for metabolic syndrome. It was found in the numerical variables: BMI: 31.3Kg /m2, Insulin: 25.8µU /ml, glucose: 110.6mg / dl, HOMA: 6.1, within this group statistically significant differences were found in systolic / diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.0002 / 0.0014), ALT (p = 0.05), triglycerides (p = 0.0001), HDL (p = 0.0001). Of the patients with metabolic syndrome, 80% had severe obesity. In the categorical variables, abnormal: ALT 72.4%, cholesterol 22.9%, triglycerides 68.6% (OR = 6, CI = 2.4-14.97), LDL 28.6%, HDL 71.4% (OR: 8.65, CI = 3.31-22.56), insulin 66.6%, glucose 52.9% (OR = 7.87, CI = 2.78-22.27) and insulin resistance in 81.4%. The prepuberal age group is not exempt from insulin resistance. Conclusions: In this study it was found that the most significant metabolic complications were hypertriglyceridemia, low HDLc and arterial hypertension. The frequency found is well below that reported in the literature. The development of adequate health promotion strategies is urgent, to promote changes in eating habits and physical activity from childhood, to form behaviors that remain over time, as preventive measures for obesity and its complications.

Caracterización químico sanguínea del Síndrome Metabólico en estudiantes de preuniversitario / Bloody chemical characterization of the metabolic syndrome in high-school students / Caracterização química sanguínea da Síndrome Metabólica em estudantes pré-universitários

RESUMEN Introducción: los estilos de vida modernos y la modificación de los hábitos alimentarios han convertido al síndrome metabólico en un problema de salud pública. La incidencia de los trastornos metabólicos en la infancia y la adolescencia han experimentado un importante despunte que amerita mayor estudio y evaluación, y permite establecer estrategias de prevención y pesquisa, para así evitar o limitar el daño en la vida adulta. Objetivo: realizar la caracterización químico sanguíneo del síndrome metabólico en estudiantes del preuniversitario Micaela Riera Oquendo del municipio Manzanillo, provincia Granma en el año 2018. Métodos: se estudiaron 50 estudiantes del preuniversitario Micaela Riera Oquendo del municipio Manzanillo, provincia Granma en el año 2018, a partir de un estudio descriptivo prospectivo en el que evaluaron variables como: edad, sexo, exámenes complementarios, toma de la presión arterial, determinación del índice de masa corporal y los tipos de obesidad. Resultados: la mayor parte de las muestras de sangre tomadas dieron positivas a la hiperglicemia, existió un predominio de estudiantes con sobre peso, prevaleció el tipo de obesidad severa. Existieron 14 estudiantes obesos, 20 con hipertensión arterial y 30 con hiperglicemia, factor determinante del síndrome metabólico. Conclusión: existió un predominio de la hiperglicemia como factor determinante del síndrome metabólico.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the styles of modern life and the modification of the habits food, they have converted the syndrome metabolic in a problem of public health. The incident of the disorders metabolic in the childhood and the adolescence has experienced an important it blunt needing a bigger study and evaluation, allowing to establish strategies of prevention and investigation, for so avoid or limit the damage in the grown life. Objective: to make the characterization sanguine chemical of the syndrome metabolic in students of the Micaela Riera Oquendo preuniversity of the Manzanillo municipality, Granma county in the year 2018. Methods: 50 students were studied in the Micaela Riera Oquendo preuniversity of the Manzanillo municipality, Granma county in the year 2018, starting from a descriptive prospective study in the that they evaluated variables like: age, sex, complementary text, taking of the arterial pressure, determination of the IMC and the types of obesity. Results: most they of the patterns of taken blood gave positive to the hyperglycemia, students' prevalence existed with on peso, prevailed the type of severe obesity. They existed 14 obese students, 20 with HTA and 30 with hyper glycaemia, being this the factor decisive of the SM. Conclusion: a prevalence of the hyper glycaemia, like factor existed decisive of the SM.

RESUMO Introdução: estilos de vida modernos e mudanças nos hábitos alimentares tornaram a síndrome metabólica um problema de saúde pública. A incidência de distúrbios metabólicos na infância e na adolescência tem experimentado um aumento significativo que merece um estudo e avaliação mais aprofundados, e permite estabelecer estratégias de prevenção e pesquisa, a fim de evitar ou limitar os danos na vida adulta. Objetivo: realizar a caracterização química sanguínea da síndrome metabólica em alunos da pré-universidade Micaela Riera Oquendo do município de Manzanillo, província de Granma em 2018. Métodos: 50 alunos da pré-universidade Micaela Riera Oquendo, do município de Manzanillo, província de Granma, em 2018, foram estudados a partir de um estudo descritivo prospectivo no qual avaliaram variáveis como: idade, sexo, exames complementares, ingestão de pressão arterial, determinação do índice de massa corporal e tipos de obesidade. Resultados: a maioria das amostras de sangue colhidas deram positivo para hiperglicemia, houve predominância de estudantes com sobrepeso, prevaleceu o tipo de obesidade grave. Havia 14 estudantes obesos, 20 com pressão alta e 30 com hiperglicemia, determinante da síndrome metabólica. Conclusão: houve predomínio da hiperglicemia como fator determinante na síndrome metabólica.

TCF7-L2 rs7903146 polymorphism in metabolic syndrome with and without acute coronary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and association of single nucleotide polymorphism of transcription cell factor7-like2 rs7903146 (C>T) in metabolic syndrome patients with and without acute coronary syndrome. METHODS: The cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at the University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, from July to December 2017. Patients of metabolic syndrome with and without acute coronary syndrome were selected from Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, and the Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore. Healthy subjects were enrolled to act as controls. A fasting blood sample of 8ml was taken for deoxyribonucleic acid extraction and estimation of biochemical parameters. Single nucleotide polymorphism of transcription cell factor7-like2 rs7903146 C>T was determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism. SPSS 22 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Of the 500 subjects, 200(40%) were group A patients without acute coronary syndrome, 100(20%) were in group B with acute coronary syndrome and 200(40%) were group C controls. Overall, 385(77%) were males and 115(23%) were females. The frequency of CC variant in group A was 35(17.5%) and in group C 22(11%), while CT was 32(16%) and 65(32.5%), and TT was 133(66.5%) and 113(56.5%), respectively. There was significant association of TT genotype with increased risk of metabolic syndrome (p=0.031), and CC genotype had no association (p=0.121). There was no significant difference of genotype frequency between groups A and B (p=0.246), but TT variant was significantly higher in group A compared to group B (p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: TT genotype of transcription cell factor7-like2 rs7903146 C>T was found to be associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome in patients without acute coronary syndrome compared to those with acute coronary syndrome and healthy controls.

Barberry in the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome: possible mechanisms of action.

Obesity is a consequence of an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. It affects people of both genders and all age groups, ethnicity and socioeconomic groups, and in developed and developing countries. Obesity is often accompanied by the metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is characterized by a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors, including high blood pressure, adiposity, dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance, which together increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and other causes of mortality. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the use of plant-based agents instead of synthetic drugs to manage chronic diseases such as MetS; one such example is Berberis vulgaris. B. vulgaris contains isoquinonline alkaloids such as berberine, berberrubine and berbamine. Recent studies have proved that berberine exhibits pharmacological activities and positive effects on the risk factors of obesity and MetS. We have reviewed original articles related to the possible molecular mechanisms of action of berberine on obesity and MetS. Berberine suppresses adipocyte differentiation and decreases obesity. It also regulates glucose metabolism via decreasing insulin resistance and increasing insulin secretion. Other effects of berberine include antihyperlipidemic and antihypertensive activities and endothelial protection.

Evidence of inappropriate cardiovascular risk assessment in middle-age women based on recommended cut-points for waist circumference.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Diverse waist circumference thresholds for assessment of metabolic and cardiovascular risk in Caucasians are recommended by different health professional organizations. We aimed to determine optimal sex-specific thresholds for anthropometric measures showing the strongest association with cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of middle-aged Germans. METHODS AND RESULTS: Statistical analyses are based on data from 426 mothers and 267 fathers of participants of the Ulm Birth Cohort Study undergoing a clinical follow-up examination in 2008 (median age 41 years) using logistic regression analyses. The prevalence of many cardiometabolic risk factors was significantly higher in men than in women; hypertension: 45%/17% (p < 0.0001), apolipoprotein ratio B/A1 > 0.72: 35%/9% (<0.0001), hyperglycemia: 11%/14% (p = 0.3), which is in contrast to the predicted cardiovascular risk of 52%/70% and 24%/36% based on thresholds for waist circumference proposed by International Diabetes Federation and American Heart Association, respectively. We determined optimal thresholds for waist circumference between 90 and 95 cm for men and women. Using a threshold of 92 cm the prevalence of abdominal obesity was 59% in men and 24% in women, which was in agreement with the higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in men than in women (Body Mass Index (BMI) > 25: 64%/35%). The prediction of cardiometabolic risk factors by waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio did not outperform the prediction by BMI. In contrast to BMI, waist circumference was correlated with body height independent of sex. CONCLUSION: Currently proposed thresholds for waist circumference spuriously overestimate the cardiovascular risk in women, but not in men in a German population.

Brittle bone disease: A case report.

We report a case of a female patient, 27 years old, with several episodes of fractures after low energy trauma and the first documented episode only to 18 years of age. Extensive research has not found the exact etiology of the disease. The orthopedic monitoring has targeted prevention and treatment of fractures.

Relação entre função hipofisária e síndrome metabólica com a pressão intrasselar em média em pacientes com adenoma de hipófise / Relationship between pituitary function and metabolic syndrome with the pressure intrasselar on average in patients with pituitary adenoma

Avaliar a relação entre a pressão intrasselar média e a ocorrência de síndrome metabólica e hipoituitarismo no pré-operatório e em reavalia-ção tardia.

To evaluate the relationship between pressure intrasselaraverage and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome andhipoituitarismo preoperatively and reevaluateding late.