Degree of satisfaction of women treated with reconstruction and dermopigmentation of the nipple-areola complex after breast reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the degree of satisfaction of women treated with dermopigmentation and reconstruction of the Areola-Nipple Complex (ANC) after breast reconstruction, as well as their demographic profile and clinical-evolutionary characteristics. METHODS: Descriptive observational study including 128 women treated with dermopigmentation after oncologic breast reconstruction during 2018. In 2021 they were administered an adapted satisfaction questionnaire, which contains 27 items and categorizes satisfaction from 1-5, in addition other clinical-evolutionary and demographic variables were collected. RESULTS: Mean age was 51 (±9) years, 89.1% had previously undergone PDA reconstruction. Mean satisfaction with dermopigmentation was 4.4 (±0.88) and 3.79 (±1.06) for PDA reconstruction. Complications were rare, but 54.5% (n = 54) of the patients reported that the CAP reconstruction did not offer the expected projection, 91.6% (n = 98) that the color had faded and 51.4% (n = 55) would choose permanent tattooing. It was perceived that, the higher the satisfaction of the CAP, the higher the satisfaction of dermopigmentation, while the older the age and previous chemotherapy treatment the lower the color durability (p value ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who underwent reconstructive breast surgery show a high degree of satisfaction with dermopigmentation and surgical reconstruction of the PDA, but reiterate the low projecticity of the dermopigmentation and the surgical reconstruction of the PDA, but reiterate the low degree of satisfaction with the dermopigmentation.

Tattoos in cinema: an overview / Los tatuajes en el cine: una visión general rápida

In cinema, many visual characteristics of the characters serve as «unspoken» elements that allow the audience to attribute (rightly or wrongly) these characteristics without the need to use superfluous verbal information: clothes, hairstyles, scars, prostheses, physical defects, etc. Tattoos are obviously part of this visual panel. Tattoos may be the central theme of the movie, allow to give one or more attribute to the character, have a real function in the movie or simply has an aesthetic role of beautification. The prevalence of actors and actress with tattoos is unknown. However, some actors may display their tattoos for the purpose of the movie. (AU)

En el cine, muchas características visuales de los personajes sirven como elementos «tácitos» que permiten al público atribuir (con razón o sin ella) estas características sin necesidad de utilizar información verbal superflua: ropa, peinados, cicatrices, prótesis, defectos físicos, etc. Los tatuajes forman parte, obviamente, de este panel visual. Los tatuajes pueden ser el tema central de la película, permiten dar uno o más atributos al personaje, tienen una función real en la película o simplemente tienen un papel estético de embellecimiento. Se desconoce la prevalencia de actores y actrices con tatuajes. Sin embargo, algunos actores pueden mostrar sus tatuajes con el propósito de la película. (AU)

Lesión dermatológica en zona de tatuaje / Dermatological lesion in tattoo area

Los tatuajes representan una situación in vivo única en la que una gran cantidad de sales metálicas y tintes orgánicos permanecen en la piel durante toda la vida. Como resultado de un mayor número de tatuajes realizados, la incidencia de complicaciones cutáneas asociadas a los tatuajes ha aumentado también. En los últimos 30 años se ha evidenciado un aumento de reportes de tumores cutáneos en los tatuajes; sin embargo, muchos autores siguen considerándolo un evento fortuito. Los posibles efectos cancerígenos locales de los tatuajes siguen sin estar claros. Se cree que este efecto podría ser multifactorial y que combina traumatismo de la aguja, inflamación local crónica, factores externos como la exposición a los rayos ultravioleta (UV) y un posible efecto pro-cancerígeno de las tintas. Se necesitan estudios epidemiológicos y clínicos a gran escala para demostrar esta asociación. Se presenta un caso de un hombre de 40 años, conocido sano, quien 2 meses después de tatuarse el hombro derecho, desarrolla una lesión con características clínicas de un queratoacantoma y a quien se le realiza el diagnostico histológico de un carcinoma espinocelular bien diferenciado e invasor.

Tattoos represent a unique in vivo situation where many metallic salts and organic dyes remain on the skin for a lifetime. As a result of a greater number of tattoos performed, the incidence of skin complications associated with tattoos has increased. In addition, in the last 30 years, there has been an increment in reports of skin tumors within tattoos; however, many authors continue to consider it is a coincidental event. The possible local carcinogenic effects of tattoos remain unclear. It is believed that this effect could be multifactorial, combining needle trauma, chronic local inflammation, external factors such as an ultraviolet rays (UV) exposure and a possible pro-cancer effect of the inks. Large-scale epidemiological and clinical studies are needed to demonstrate this association. A case of a known healthy 40-year-old male is presented, in whom 2 months after a tattoo was performed on his right shoulder, he developed a lesion with clinical characteristics of a keratoacanthoma in which the histological diagnosis of a well differentiated and invasive squamous cell carcinoma was made.

Narrativas na carne: as tatuagens dos jovens na socioeducação / Narratives in the flesh: the tattoos of young people in socio-education / Narrativas en la carne: los tatuajes de los jóvenes en la socioeducación

Este artigo objetiva analisar as expressões psíquicas, identitárias e sociais das tatuagens de jovens em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de internação, compreendendo que seus corpos são territórios de simbologia, memórias, afetos e filiações. Trata-se de uma pesquisa clínico-qualitativa a partir da imersão no campo e dos registros etnográficos. Partindo dos relatos de campo, construímos eixos narrativos das tatuagens que estiveram constantemente nas peles dos jovens, como o nome da mãe, as homenagens aos parentes mortos, o nome próprio e os marcadores religiosos, entendendo-os a partir das ligações com o âmbito social, institucional e territorial. Assim, as tatuagens desses jovens são repletas de significações e dizem de um mundo interno que tenta se apresentar, demarcar lugares e sair da invisibilidade.

This article aims to analyze the psychic, identity and social expressions of the tattoos of young people in compliance with a socio-educational measure of deprived liberty, understanding that their bodies are territories of symbolism, memories, affections and affiliations. This is a clinical-qualitative research based on immersion in the field and ethnographic records. Based on field reports, we built narrative axes of tattoos that were constantly on the skins of young people, such as the name of the mother, homage to dead, proper names, religious symbols, understanding them based on the connections with the social, institutional, and territorial area. Thus, the tattoos of these young people are full of meanings and tell of an internal world that tries to present itself, demarcate places and come out from invisibility.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las expresiones psíquicas, identitarias y sociales de los tatuajes de los jóvenes en cumplimiento de una medida socioeducativa de internación, entendiendo que sus cuerpos son territorios de simbolismo, recuerdos, afectos y afiliaciones. Se trata de una investigación clínico-cualitativa basada en la inmersión en el campo y los registros etnográficos. A partir de informes de campo, construimos ejes narrativos de tatuajes que estaban constantemente en la piel de los jóvenes, como el nombre de la madre, homenaje a familiares fallecidos, nombres propios, símbolos religiosos, entendiéndolos desde las conexiones con el ámbito social, institucional y territorial. Así, los tatuajes de estos jóvenes están llenos de significados y hablan de un mundo interno que intenta presentarse, demarcar lugares y dejar la invisibilidad.

Narrativas no corpo: cicatrizes e tatuagens na experiência de adoecimento crônico, raro e complexo / Narratives in the body: scars and tattoos from chronic, rare, and complex illnesses / Narraciones en el cuerpo: cicatrices y tatuajes viviendo con enfermedades crónicas, raras y complejas

Este ensaio explora as tatuagens e cicatrizes que se articulam às narrativas sobre viver e conviver com as condições de adoecimento crônico, raro e complexo. Entendemos essas marcas como expressões públicas de um testemunho daqueles afetados pela deficiência e fragilidade da vida, seja como experiência pessoal ou no papel de cuidadores. O corpo como testemunho e suporte performático é explorado na sua dimensão estética e política, na expressão de conteúdos simbólicos que ganham visibilidade na afirmação de identidades e pautas negligenciadas de um público que reivindica reconhecimento e valorização de suas vidas.

This essay explores the tattoos and scars that convey narratives on experiencing and living with chronic, rare, and complex illnesses. We view such marks as public expressions, when individuals bear witness to lives traversed by disability and frailty, whether as their own personal experience or in the role of caregivers. The body as witness and performative support is explored here in its aesthetic and political dimensions, in the expression of symbolic contents that gain visibility in the affirmation of neglected identities and agendas by persons who claim the recognition and valorization of their lives.

Este trabajo investiga los tatuajes y cicatrices que se relacionan con narraciones sobre vivir y convivir con enfermedades crónicas, raras y complejas. Entendemos estas marcas como expresiones públicas de un testigo por parte de quienes se ven atravesados por la deficiencia y fragilidad de la vida, sea como experiencia personal o en el papel de cuidadores. El cuerpo como testigo y soporte performativo es explorado en su dimensión estética y política, como expresión de contenidos simbólicos que ganan visibilidad en la afirmación de identidades y pautas olvidadas de forma negligente, por parte de un público que reivindica reconocimiento y la puesta en valor de sus vidas.

Complicaciones y cuidado local de la piel tras la realización de un tatuaje: revisión sistemática / Complications and local skin care after getting a tattoo: a systematic review

Objetivos: Identificar las complicaciones dermatológicas y los cuidados locales de los tatuajes temporales y permanentes a través de una revisión sistemática. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática aplicando la Declaración PRISMA. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo en 6 bases de datos (PubMed, Cochrane Library, CUIDEN, CINHAL, DARE y LILACS) y dos bases no indexadas (Dermatología Elsevier y Dermatology Online Journal). Se delimitó la búsqueda por idioma (inglés/español) y por año (últimos 10 años). Una vez depurada la base de datos se procedió a la evaluación de la calidad por pares. Resultados: Se obtuvieron un total de 583 artículos, de los cuales se eliminaron 86 por duplicado y 379 tras la revisión por título y resumen. Se seleccionaron 118 artículos a texto completo, y una vez evaluada la calidad a través de los criterios propuestos por la Red EQUATOR, 30 artículos presentaron una calidad mediaalta. Finalmente, para su análisis cualitativo se incluyeron un total 22 casos clínicos (informe CARE), 5 estudios observacionales (informe STROBE), 2 ensayos clínicos (informe CONSORT) y una revisión sistemática (informe PRISMA). Conclusiones: Se ha evidenciado la necesidad de actualizar conocimientos orientados al abordaje de los tratamientos y la identificación de las complicaciones relacionadas con los tatuajes basados en evidencias sólidas. El desarrollo de guías de práctica clínica que aborden la detección y la aplicación de tratamientos adecuados a este problema de salud puede ser el primer paso para integrar el manejo de los tatuajes en la cartera de servicios del sistema sanitario, permitiendo conocer la dimensión epidemiológica y los recursos necesarios en atención primaria (AU)

Objectives: To identify dermatological complications and local care of temporary and permanent tattoos through a systematic review. Methods: A systematic review was carried out applying the PRISMA Declaration. The search was carried out in 6 databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, CUIDEN, CINHAL, DARE and LILACS) and two non-indexed databases (Elsevier Dermatology and Dermatology Online Journal). The search was limited by language (English / Spanish) and by year (last 10 years). Once the database was refined, the quality evaluation was carried out in pairs. Results. A total of 583 articles were obtained, of which 86 were removed in duplicate and 379 after review by title and abstract. 118 full-text articles were selected, which, once the quality was evaluated through the criteria proposed by the EQUATOR Network, 30 articles presented a high average quality. Finally, 22 clinical cases (CARE report), 5 observational studies (STROBE report), 2 clinical trials (CONSORT report) and a systematic review (PRISMA report) were included for analysis. Conclusions: There is a need to update knowledge oriented to the treatment approach and the identification of complications related to tattoos based on solid evidence. The development of clinical practice guidelines that address the detection and application of appropriate treatments for this health problem, may be the first step in integrating the management of tattoos into the portfolio of services of the Health System, allowing to know the epidemiological dimension and the necessary resources in Primary Care (AU)

Complicaciones infecciosas de los tatuajes permanentes: la piel sin ley. Parte I / Infectious complications of permanent tattoos: The skin out of law. Part I

RESUMEN El trauma punzante que genera un tatuaje altera la barrera física e inmunológica que proporciona la piel, con lo cual se favorece el ingreso de microorganismos patógenos y el riesgo de sufrir diferentes complicaciones infecciosas. Las condiciones en las que se realiza el tatuaje y el cumplimiento de las normas de bioseguridad son determinantes en prevenir este riesgo, sin embargo, se trata de una práctica de difícil vigilancia y control debido al vacío normativo existente. El auge de los tatuajes permanentes en la sociedad contemporánea se acompaña de un incremento en la frecuencia de sus complicaciones, que suelen ser leves y autoresolutivas, pero también pueden causar graves secuelas y poner en riesgo la salud del paciente tatuado. En la presente revisión se incluyen los principales aspectos normativos y epidemiológicos de los tatuajes, así como las manifestaciones dermatológicas de las infecciones asociadas, su clasificación etiológica y su aproximación diagnóstica y terapéutica.

SUMMARY Puncturing the skin with a tattoo needle damages the immunological and physical barrier. This facilitates the entry of pathogenic microorganisms and the risk of suffering infectious complications. The circumstances around the procedure, sanitary conditions and biosecurity standards are determinants of this risk; however, it is a practice with surveillance and control challenges due to the existing regulatory gap. Because of the significant rise in decorative tattoos among contemporary society, there has been an increase in complications, some are mild and usually resolve on their own, but there are others that leave sequelae and put the health of tattooed patient at risk. This review article includes main local tattooing regulations and epidemiological aspects, as well as dermatological manifestations of infections, their etiological classification, diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

Crystalline lens alterations in congenital aniridia.

Congenital aniridia is a rare genetic disease associated with mutations in the PAX6 gene. Changes in the lens in aniridia can be alterations of size and shape, of position - which generally reveal zonular weakness and determines subluxation of the lens - and mainly changes in transparency, cataracts, with variable morphology of polar, cortical, subcapsular, lamellar, and more rarely, nuclear cataract. Visual acuity and quality of vision in patients with congenital aniridia complicated by cataracts can be improved by carefully planned surgery, when lack of media transparency justifies surgical indication. Most patients have some improvement in visual acuity and quality of retinal image. Cataract surgery with aniridia is complicated by pathological changes due to the underlying cause of the aniridia. Challenges include corneal opacification, friable capsule and, above all, iris and pupil reconstruction. It can also determine late complications, such as secondary glaucoma or deterioration of pre-existent glaucoma, and corneal endothelial decompensation. After crystalline lens surgery in these patients, either by cataract or dislocation, for visual rehabilitation there are various techniques such as keratopigmentation, prosthetic iris devices or Morcher intraocular lenses with a black diaphragm. An appropriate individualised surgical plan should be selected depending on patient and surgical experience, in order to minimise complications and give the best chance of postoperative success.

Tatuaje de amalgama: Pigmentación exógena más común de la cavidad oral / Amalgam tattoo: Most common exogenous pigmentation of the oral cavity

Resumen El propósito de este estudio es analizar las características clínicas de la pigmentación de amalgama en la cavidad oral, comúnmente, denominada también tatuaje de amalgama, el objetivo es aumentar el conocimiento de esta entidad patológica y diferenciarla de otras lesiones de mayor importancia clínica.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical characteristics of amalgam pigmentation in the oral cavity, commonly known as amalgam tattoo, in order to increase the knowledge of this pathological entity and to differentiate it from other important lesions.

Crystalline lens alterations in congenital aniridia. / Alteraciones del cristalino en la aniridia congénita.

Congenital aniridia is a rare genetic disease associated with mutations in the PAX6 gene. Changes in the lens in aniridia can be alterations of size and shape, of position - which generally reveal zonular weakness and determines subluxation of the lens - and mainly changes in transparency, cataracts, with variable morphology of polar, cortical, subcapsular, lamellar, and more rarely, nuclear cataract. Visual acuity and quality of vision in patients with congenital aniridia complicated by cataracts can be improved by carefully planned surgery, when lack of media transparency justifies surgical indication. Most patients have some improvement in visual acuity and quality of retinal image. Cataract surgery with aniridia is complicated by pathological changes due to the underlying cause of the aniridia. Challenges include corneal opacification, friable capsule and, above all, iris and pupil reconstruction. It can also determine late complications, such as secondary glaucoma or deterioration of pre-existent glaucoma, and corneal endothelial decompensation. After crystalline lens surgery in these patients, either by cataract or dislocation, for visual rehabilitation there are various techniques such as keratopigmentation, prosthetic iris devices or Morcher intraocular lenses with a black diaphragm. An appropriate individualised surgical plan should be selected depending on patient and surgical experience, in order to minimise complications and give the best chance of postoperative success.

Percepciones del tatuaje como expresión cultural en AMBA / Perceptions about Tattoo as a cultural expression in AMBA

Resumen El tatuaje representa un fenómeno presente desde los comienzos de la historia de la humanidad. A lo largo de los años, supo ocupar diferentes roles asociados a distintos significados y utilidades, y se ha convertido en la actualidad en una forma de expresión de los individuos. En este contexto, el objetivo planteado para este estudio fue descubrir las percepciones del tatuaje como elemento cultural. Para alcanzarlo, se llevó a cabo una investigación descriptiva, de diseño transversal simple, mediante un cuestionario online estructurado y autoadministrado. La muestra se realizó mediante el muestreo bola de nieve y se compuso de 745 individuos que vivían, estudiaban o trabajaban en AMBA (Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina) y tenían entre 18 y 60 años. Como principal resultado de esta investigación se destaca la existencia de fuertes correlaciones entre las principales variables culturales del tatuaje (moda que vino para quedarse; prejuicios en el entorno laboral; expresión cultural). Adicionalmente, fue posible desarrollar un modelo predictivo para la percepción de que el tatuaje representa una expresión cultural, a través de las otras dos variables culturales mencionadas. Por último, se evidencia la existencia de diferencias significativas que permiten reconocer que los individuos más jóvenes presentan un mayor nivel de acuerdo con la idea de que los tatuajes son una moda que vino para quedarse.

Abstract Tattoo represents a phenomenon present since the beginning of human history. Over the years, it took different roles associated with different meanings and utilities, becoming today a form of expression of individuals. Nowadays, tattoos are understood as fashion ornaments, body art, among others, which integrate a social reality. The individuals who are tattooed do not perceive their body as an organic entity, but as an expressive and aesthetic one: they permanently record a story that tells their experiences, feelings and their significant links. Consequently, the tattoo is not a part of the body of the subject, but a synthesis of it. Tattoos are also understood as elements that represent collective identities. In this context, the objective of this study was to discover the perceptions of tattoos as cultural elements. To achieve this, a descriptive research was carried out, with a simple transversal design, through a structured and self-administered online questionnaire. The sample was collected by snowball sampling and consisted of 745 individuals who live, study or work in AMBA (Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, Argentina) and who are between 18 and 60 years old. As the main results of this research, it is relevant to highlight the existence of strong correlations between the main cultural variables of tattoos (Fashion that will last; Prejudices in the workplace; Cultural expression). Additionally, a multiple linear regression model was formulated to predict the perception that tattoos are a cultural expression through the idea that it represents a fashion that came to stay and the perception that there are prejudices in the work environment regarding the use of tattoos. Finally, there is evidence of significant differences that allow to recognize that younger individuals have a higher level of agreement with the idea that tattoos are a fashion that will last. These results contribute to previous studies on the subject. Tattoos currently represent elements associated with fashion and culture, which can be reflected in the correlations found between cultural variables, reinforcing previous studies, who add to this panorama the idea that Tattoos constitute a social reality. Moreover, the predicted model found allows to assess the existence of a subculture around the use of tattoo as a cultural expression. Additionally, the importance of the Prejudice variable in the work environment as one of the predictors of the Cultural Expression variable can be evidenced in previous studies that confirm the existence of these prejudices.

Sarcoidosis asociada a panuveítis en el área de un tatuaje: Reporte de caso / Sarcoidosis associated with panuveitis in the area of a tattoo: Case report

RESUMEN Antecedentes: la sarcoidosis es una de las reacciones cutáneas asociadas con los tatuajes. Lo más frecuente es que se presente una afección sistémica; dentro de ésta, el compromiso por uveítis y las reacciones sarcoidales asociadas a los tatuajes han sido poco descritas. Caso clínico: hombre de 27 años con cuadro clínico de seis meses de evolución constituido por malestar general, fiebre subjetiva, escalofríos, mialgias, artralgias, tos con expectoración hemoptoica y edema en los miembros inferiores. Se encontró ojo izquierdo rojo, disminución de la agudeza visual y pápulas que infiltraban uno de los tatuajes que se había realizado seis meses antes en el brazo derecho y antebrazo izquierdo. Conclusión: la sarcoidosis asociada a los tatuajes es una condición que requiere de un alto índice de sospecha; donde la infiltración del tatuaje debe hacer pensar al clínico en el diagnóstico para realizar la búsqueda activa del daño orgánico visceral, mucho más en un paciente con uveítis que puede llevar a la ceguera. Aunque inusual, existe esta triple asociación: tatuaje, sarcoidosis sistémica y panuveítis.

SUMMARY Background: One of the cutaneous reactions associated with tattoos is sarcoidosis and the most frequent presentation is systemic involvement; within this, the manifestation of uveitis and sarcoidal reactions associated with tattoos is little described. Clinical case: A 27-year-old man with a clinical picture of six months of evolution consisting of general malaise, subjective fever, chills, myalgias, arthralgias, cough with hemoptysis, edema in lower limbs, and in whom red eye, diminution of visual acuity, and papules that infiltrated one of the tattoos that were placed, six months earlier, on the right arm and left forearm, were found. Conclusion: Sarcoidosis associated with tattooing is a disease that requires a high index of suspicion, where its infiltration should make the clinician suspect the disease and make an active search for systemic involvement, especially in a patient with a uveal compromise that can lead to blindness. It must keep in mind that, although rare, this triple association is possible (tattoo, systemic sarcoidosis, and panuveitis).

Seroprevalencia de la hepatitis C en un grupo de pacientes con tatuajes realizados en los últimos 2 años. Estudio transversal en Risaralda, Colombia / Seroprevalence of hepatitis C in a group of patients tattooed within the last 2 years: A cross-sectional study in Risaralda, Colombia

Resumen Introducción: diversos estudios han buscado factores asociados con el contagio de hepatitis C. La realización de tatuajes ha ganado importancia. Los estudios en los que se ha vinculado el riesgo de hepatitis C con tatuajes no han controlado las condiciones en que se realizó ni medidas de bioseguridad, por lo cual es difícil establecer una relación causal. Objetivo: Evaluar la seroprevalencia de hepatitis C en pacientes adultos con tatuajes realizados en los últimos dos años en el departamento de Risaralda, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal en una muestra por conveniencia de 65 individuos, con uno o más tatuajes realizados entre 8 semanas a 2 años, sin otros factores de riesgo para hepatitis C, mediante una prueba rápida de anticuerpos por inmunocromatografía. Resultados: 57 de 86 sujetos cumplieron los criterios de selección. La prueba rápida de anticuerpos contra hepatitis C fue negativa en todos los participantes. La mayoría de los pacientes era de sexo femenino (59,6 %), con edad promedio de 25 años, 30 estudiantes universitarios, 46 provenientes de Pereira y 40 eran de estrato económico 3 o superior. 46 personas solo tuvieron una sesión de tatuaje. La mayoría tenía 2 a 3 tatuajes y 52 fueron realizados en establecimientos autorizados. 50 participantes refirieron que sus tatuadores cumplían las normas de bioseguridad. Conclusión: los tatuajes realizados bajo condiciones de bioseguridad en establecimientos autorizados y pocas sesiones parecen no aumentar el riesgo de infección por hepatitis C en personas sin otros factores de riesgo. Se requieren estudios adicionales para confirmar dicha hipótesis.

Abstract Introduction: In several studies of factors associated with the spread of hepatitis C, tattooing has gained importance. Studies that link tattooing with a risk of hepatitis C have not controlled for conditions under which it was done nor considered biosecurity measures. This makes it difficult to establish a causal relationship. Objective: This study assessed the seroprevalence of hepatitis C in adult patients who were tattooed within the last two years in the department of Risaralda, Colombia. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of 65 individuals with one or more tattoos that had been done 8 weeks to 2 years prior to the study and who had no other risk factors for hepatitis C. A rapid antibody immunochromatography test was used. Results: Out of 86 subjects, 57 met the selection criteria. The rapid hepatitis C antibody test was negative for all participants. Most were women (59.6%), their average age was 25 years, 30 were university students, 46 came from Pereira, and 40 were from economic stratum 3 or higher. Forty-six had had only one tattoo session. Most had two to three tattoos. Fifty-two had been done in authorized establishments. Fifty participants reported that their tattoo artists met biosafety standards. Conclusion: Tattoos made under biosafety conditions in authorized establishments do not seem to increase the risk of hepatitis C infections in people without other risk factors, especially when there have only been a few sessions. Additional studies are required to confirm this hypothesis.

Uso de los tatuajes y piercings como factores influyentes en la personalidad / Use of tattoos and piercings as influential factors in personality

INTRODUCCIÓN: para hablar de personalidad se toma en cuenta un conjunto de respuestas específicas y permanentes en diferentes tipos de contextos que resultan del aprendizaje influenciados por la inteligencia emocional frente a la adversidad, cuando no se puede superar los conflictos o perdidas, ciertas personas buscan perennizar esos eventos en su piel, a través de grabaciones. OBJETIVO: determinar la prevalencia de personas que usan tatuajes, determinar el tipo de personalidad del usuario de tatuajes y piercings, analizar los factores causales y las vivencias relacionadas con su uso, métodos, se utiliza una técnica bibliográfica, de corte transversal, descriptiva, retrospectiva, esta investigación es parte de un proyecto general realizado en Ecuador, este resultado se usará como base bibliográfica. RESULTADOS: las personas que usan tatuajes se ubican en un 75%, de la población total, la según los datos encontrados, existe una tendencia al uso de tatuajes en personas con rasgos de personalidad dependiente, seguidas de conductas limites o borde line, en un 47 % usan tatuajes por modismo. CONCLUSIONES: se determinar el tipo de personalidad de los usuarios porque existen falencias en su comportamiento y en la capacidad de enfrentar los diferentes conflictos emocionales, la mayor incidencia se da en la adolescencia, se determina como causa la moda, pérdidas afectivas no superadas, inseguridad e inestabilidad, baja capacidad de resiliencia; el uso de accesorios para compensar estas falencias en la estructura mental, buscan una manera de reconocimiento personal y social hasta convertirse en necesidad.

INTRODUCTION: to talk about personality, a set of specific and permanent responses is taken into account in different types of contexts that resultfrom learning influenced by emotional intelligence in the face of adversity, when conflicts or losses cannot be overcome, certain people seek to perpetuate those events on your skin, through recordings. OBJECTIVE: to determine the prevalence of people whouse tattoos, to determine the type of personality of the user of tattoos and piercings, to analyze the causal factors and the experiences related to their use, methods, a bibliographic technique is used, cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective, this Research is part of a general project carried out in Ecuador. This result will be used as a bibliographic basis. RESULTS: people who use tattoos are located in 75% of the total population, according to the data found, there is a tendency to use tattoos in people with dependent personality traits, followed by borderline or borderline behaviors, 47% use tattoos by idiom. CONCLUSIONS: the type of personality of the users is determined because there are flaws in their behavior and in the ability to face different emotional conflicts, the highest incidence occurs in adolescence, fashion is determined as cause, emotional losses not exceeded, insecurity and instability, low resilience; The use of accessories to compensate for these shortcomings in the mental structure and their lack of resilience, seek a way of personal and social recognition until it becomes necessary.

Significado de la experiencia de tatuarse el cuerpo en adultos jóvenes pertenecientes a familias monoparentales / Meaning of the experience of tattooing the body on young adults belonging to single-parent families

Introducción: El propósito del estudio fue analizar los significados que atribuyen un grupo de adultos jóvenes a la experiencia de plasmar inscripciones en su cuerpo. Método: Se implementó el método cualitativo con diseño narrativo. La técnica para recolectar la información es una entrevista libre. Se seleccionaron cuatro participantes (dos mujeres y dos varones) por medio de un muestreo intencional. Las entrevistas se grabaron en audio y se transcribieron literalmente para su posterior análisis. Se realizó una categorización inductiva. El análisis implementado permitió identificar factores individuales y también establecer similitudes y diferencias entre participantes. Resultados: Los hallazgos evidencian que: Este grupo de jóvenes realizan las inscripciones corporales tomando como referencia experiencias vitales y familiares significativas. Conclusión: El tatuaje es una expresión narrativa que determina propiedad sobre el cuerpo y la posibilidad de ser comprendido y validado socialmente. La elección de la parte del cuerpo, diseño y extensión; dependen de la importancia que tiene lo que quieren representar.

Background: The purpose of the study was to analyze the meanings attributed by a group of young adults to the experience of recording inscriptions in their bodies. Method: The qualitative method with narrative design was implemented. The technique to collect the information is a free interview. He selected four participants (two women and two men) through a sample intentional. The interviews were recorded on audio and transcribed literally for later analysis. An inductive categorization was carried out. The analysis implemented allowed identifying individual factors and also establishing similarities and differences among participants. Results: The findings show that: This group of young people perform the corporal inscriptions taking as reference significant life and family experiences. Conclusion: It is concluded that the tattoo is a narrative expression that determines ownership over the body and the possibility of being understood and socially validated. The choice of the body part, design and extension; they depend on the importance of what they want to represent.

As transformações corporais na adolescência através de tatuagens, piercings e alargadores / Las transformaciones corporales en la adolescencia por medio de tatuajes, piercings y alargadores / The corporate transformations in adolescence through tattoos, piercings and extensions

Tatuagens, piercings e alargadores tornaram-se comuns entre os adolescentes na contemporaneidade. Essas práticas de modificação corporal, embora tenham sido historicamente relacionadas a culturas exóticas e, mais recentemente, a grupos marginalizados, têm adquirido um novo status social. Além da questão estética, é necessário problematizar essas práticas e o que elas desvelam da adolescência moderna. O objetivo deste artigo é, então, discutir tais transformações corporais na adolescência a partir da psicanálise de Freud e Lacan. Considera-se que essas transformações corporais podem funcionar como estratégia pra lidar com as mudanças corporais decorrentes da puberdade e constituir um corpo que possa circular socialmente, ao mesmo tempo que diferencia o eu e do outro.

Los tatuajes, piercings y alargadores se volvieron comunes entre los adolescentes en la contemporaneidad. Aunque estas prácticas de modificación corporal han sido históricamente relacionadas a culturas exóticas y, más recientemente, a grupos marginales, estas transformaciones corporales han adquirido un nuevo status social. Además de la cuestión estética, es necesario problematizar esas prácticas y lo que ellas desvelan en la adolescencia moderna. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir estas transformaciones corporales en la adolescencia a partir del psicoanálisis de Freud y de Lacan. Se considera que estas transformaciones pueden funcionar como una estrategia para lidiar con los cambios corporales de la pubertad y constituir un cuerpo que pueda circular socialmente, al mismo tiempo que diferencia yo y otro.

Tattoos, piercings and tapers have become common among teenagers in contemporary times. Although these forms of body modification have been historically related to exotic cultures and, more recently, to marginalized groups, these body transformations have acquired a new social status. Beyond the aesthetic matter, it is necessary to problematize these practices and what they reveal of modern adolescence. The aim of this article is to discuss body transformations in adolescence from the perspective of the psychoanalysis of Freud and Lacan. It is considered that such transformations can act as a strategy to deal with the changes in the body resulting from puberty and to constitute a body that can circulate socially, whilst it differentiates the self from the other.

Opinion of a group of patients about health professionals with tattoos. / Opinión de un grupo de pacientes sobre los profesionales sanitarios con tatuajes.

OBJECTIVE: To learn the opinion of a group of young patients about health personnel with tattoos. METHOD: Descriptive study conducted in the first semester of 2017 on patients admitted to the Obstetrics Unit of the Hospital Complex of Ourense. The data collection was carried out by means of a self-administered questionnaire prepared "in-house" where several photographs of health professionals with and without tattoos were shown. A descriptive analysis of the variables and nonparametric tests were carried out to determine the potential association between the variables, using the statistical package SPSS 15.0®. RESULTS: A total of 66 patients participated. Regardless of whether or not the study participants had tattoos themselves, they all scored the non-tattooed better than the tattooed health professionals, although these differences were less in the participants who had tattoos. No significant data were found in any of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: The participants of our study scored tattooed health professionals more poorly in terms of their professionalism, credibility, closeness and involvement compared to their counterparts without tattoos.

Tattoo associated retinochoroiditis. / Retinocoroiditis asociada a tatuaje.

CLINICAL CASE: A young woman was referred to our offices with impairment of visual acuity after she received a third tattoo on her arm. Systemic medical and laboratory work-up were performed in order to exclude an infectious agent or inflammatory disease. A yellowish juxtafoveal lesion in left eye along with a plaque-like outer retinal disruption and focal pigmentary defects was assessed using multi-modal diagnostic imaging. DISCUSSION: Ophthalmologists treating uveitis should consider this uncommon association and question patients regarding tattoos and tattoo inflammation given the rise of subjects undergoing artistic tattooing.

Diagnostic Tools to Use When We Suspect an Allergic Reaction to a Tattoo: A Proposal Based on Cases at Our Hospital. / ¿Qué procedimientos diagnósticos deberíamos realizar ante una sospecha de reacción alérgica a un tatuaje? Propuesta basada en nuestra casuística.

INTRODUCTION: Tattooing has become a popular practice in western countries, particularly among younger populations. Tattoos, however, can cause complications, such as infections, allergic or foreign-body reactions, and even systemic inflammatory responses. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of all patients seen for tattoo-related complications at our skin allergy unit between January 2002 and December 2016. RESULTS: We studied 23 patients. Nine of these experienced early complications, all related to infection. The other 14 patients developed late reactions. Ten were diagnosed with probable allergic contact dermatitis to ink, but the suspect allergen was identified in just 3 cases and confirmed in just 1 of these. There were 2 cases of cutaneous sarcoidosis, 1 case of foreign body granuloma, and 1 case of neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS: Complications resulting from tattoos are relatively common dermatology complaints. Drawing from our experience, we propose a diagnostic algorithm designed to guide dermatologists in evaluating different reactions to tattoos and prescribing appropriate treatment.