Towards an Analytical Biology.

This article draws a perspective on the increasingly unavoidable question of whether steps can be taken in genomics and biology at large to move them more rapidly towards more analytical and deductive biology, akin to similar developments that occurred in other natural sciences, such as physics and chemistry, centuries ago. It provides a summary of recent advances in other relevant sciences in the last 3 decades that are likely to pull it in that direction in the next decade or so, as well as what methods and tools will make it possible.

Developing diagnostic criteria for tooth wear, a preliminary beta version based on expert opinion, and a narrative literature review.

BACKGROUND: Tooth wear is a multifactorial condition, leading to the irreversible loss of dental hard tissues. The availability of an unambiguous, universally applicable assessment protocol remains lacking. OBJECTIVES: The goal of the authors is to develop a set of diagnostic criteria for the assessment of tooth wear (DC-TW). A two-step approach will be used to achieve this objective: (1) to develop a preliminary beta version of the DC-TW, based on the authors' clinical experience and their shared expertise and supported by a narrative review of the existing literature, and (2) to develop the final DC-TW, with input from a larger group of experts using an international Delphi process. This paper relates to the first step. METHODS: The authors outlined the components that should be incorporated into the DC-TW. The literature search was performed to investigate if their concept was in line with the available literature. The search was conducted to identify eligible publications from inception to July 11, 2022. Two authors independently screened all publications, and differences in judgements were resolved through a consensus procedure. RESULTS: The search yielded 5362 publications, resulting in the final inclusion of 383. These publications were divided into four main topics: (1) nomenclature/taxonomies; (2) self-report tools; (3) clinical assessment tools; and (4) clinical decision-making. CONCLUSIONS: The information from the publications was used and fused with the clinical experience and shared expertise of the authors to contribute to the development of a preliminary beta version of the DC-TW.

Technical and Clinical Progress on Robot-Assisted Endovascular Interventions: A Review.

Prior methods of patient care have changed in recent years due to the availability of minimally invasive surgical platforms for endovascular interventions. These platforms have demonstrated the ability to improve patients' vascular intervention outcomes, and global morbidities and mortalities from vascular disease are decreasing. Nonetheless, there are still concerns about the long-term effects of exposing interventionalists and patients to the operational hazards in the cath lab, and the perioperative risks that patients undergo. For these reasons, robot-assisted vascular interventions were developed to provide interventionalists with the ability to perform minimally invasive procedures with improved surgical workflow. We conducted a thorough literature search and presented a review of 130 studies published within the last 20 years that focused on robot-assisted endovascular interventions and are closely related to the current gains and obstacles of vascular interventional robots published up to 2022. We assessed both the research-based prototypes and commercial products, with an emphasis on their technical characteristics and application domains. Furthermore, we outlined how the robotic platforms enhanced both surgeons' and patients' perioperative experiences of robot-assisted vascular interventions. Finally, we summarized our findings and proposed three key milestones that could improve the development of the next-generation vascular interventional robots.

Intervención de enfermería durante la circulación extracorpórea en cirugía cardiovascular / Nursing intervention during extracorporeal circulation in cardiovascular surgery

Introducción: Una intervención de enfermería durante la circulación extracorpórea en cirugía cardiovascular puede reducir la aparición de complicaciones, la estadía en unidad de cuidados intensivos, hospitalaria y la mortalidad. Se ofrecen cuidados articulando los dominios de atención a personas en estado crítico establecidos por Patricia Benner, el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería y las taxonomías. Objetivo: Exponer el desarrollo de una intervención de enfermería durante la circulación extracorpórea. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental, que incluyó 159 personas, distribuidas en dos grupos, que acudieron al Servicio de Cardiología, del Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas desde enero de 2018 hasta enero de 2021. Los grupos fueron escogidos mediante la aleatorización simple (1:1). El primero se conformó por 79 personas, abordadas con el procedimiento convencional; y el segundo, por 80, atendidas con la intervención de enfermería diseñada por el equipo de investigación. Se compararon y expresaron los resultados en números absolutos, porcentajes y media. Resultados: Predominaron los hombres (79,7 por ciento). La edad media fue 60 años. En el grupo al que se le aplicó la intervención de enfermería se redujeron la aparición de complicaciones, la estadía en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, hospitalaria, y la mortalidad (p = 0,04). Conclusiones: La implementación de la Intervención de Enfermería por el enfermero perfusionista ayudó a mejorar las respuestas humanas de esas personas. Los resultados finales obtenidos mostraron su validez, al evidenciar la disminución en la aparición de complicaciones y, por ende, la reducción de la estadía en UCI, hospitalaria y la mortalidad(AU)

Introduction: A nursing intervention during extracorporeal circulation in cardiovascular surgery can reduce the occurrence of complications, the stay in intensive care units, in hospitals, and mortality. Care is offered by articulating the domains of care for people in critical condition established by Patricia Benner, the Nursing Care Process and taxonomies. Objective: To present the development of a nursing intervention during extracorporeal circulation. Methods: An experimental study was conducted, which included 159 people, divided into two groups, who attended the Cardiology Service of the Center for Medical and Surgical Research from January 2018 to January 2021. Groups were chosen using simple randomization (1:1). The first group was made up of 79 people, approached with the conventional procedure; and the second, by 80 people, attended with the nursing intervention designed by the research team. The results were compared and expressed in absolute numbers, percentages and mean. Results: Men predominated (79.7 percent). The median age was 60 years. In the group to which the nursing intervention was applied, the occurrence of complications, the stay in Intensive Care Units, in hospitals, and mortality were reduced (p = 0.04). Conclusions: The implementation of the Nursing Intervention by the perfusionist nurse helped to improve the human responses of these people. The final results obtained showed their validity, as they showed the decrease in the onset of complications and, therefore, the reduction of ICU and hospital stay and mortality(AU)

Update on International Medical Taxonomies of Biomarkers and Their Applications in Management of Thyroid Cancers.

Biomarkers (BMs) are medical signs which can be precisely measured and reproduced. Mainly, BMs provide information on the likely disease which can occur in an individual. On the other hand, BMs also signal disease recurrence in patients receiving therapy. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration coupled with the National Institutes of Health and the European Medicines Agency have proposed two distinct procedures to validate BMs. These agencies have elaborated two glossaries to describe the role of BMs. The aim of this study was to investigate medical taxonomies adopted by different governmental agencies for BM validation. Additional goals were to analyze efficiencies of the validated and candidate BMs for thyroid cancers (TCs). Currently, thyroglobulin is validated for monitoring TCs. Sorafenib-tosylate, Doxorubicin-hydrochloride, Vandetanib, Cabozantinib-s-malate, Dabrafenib-mesylate, Trametinib-dimethyl-sulfoxide, Lenvatinib-mesylate, Pralsetinib and Selpercatinib are validated for TC treatment. Among candidate BMs for TC diagnosis, there are molecular combinations including BRAF, RAS, RET/PTC and PAX8-PPARγ mutations. Noteworthy are BRAF and RET/PTC alterations already validated as targets of Dabrafenib-mesylate, Pralsetinib and Selpercatinib. Finally, cellular expressions of c-met in nodal TC metastases have diagnostic imaging applications. On the basis of this analysis, BM taxonomies should have common standards internationally recognized. BMs show different efficiencies depending on their diagnostic or therapeutic use.

Plastic diagnostics: The remaking of disease and evidence in personalized medicine.

Politically authorized reports on personalized and precision medicine stress an urgent need for finer-grained disease categories and faster taxonomic revision, through integration of genomic and phenotypic data. Developing a data-driven taxonomy is, however, not as simple as it sounds. It is often assumed that an integrated data infrastructure is relatively easy to implement in countries that already have highly centralized and digitalized health care systems. Our analysis of initiatives associated with the Danish National Genome Center, recently launched to bring Denmark to the forefront of personalized medicine, tells a different story. Through a "meta-taxonomy" of taxonomic revisions, we discuss what a genomics-based disease taxonomy entails, epistemically as well as organizationally. Whereas policy reports promote a vision of seamless data integration and standardization, we highlight how the envisioned strategy imposes significant changes on the organization of health care systems. Our analysis shows how persistent tensions in medicine between variation and standardization, and between change and continuity, remain obstacles for the production as well as the evaluation of genomics-based taxonomies of difference. We identify inherent conflicts between the ideal of dynamic revision and existing regulatory functions of disease categories in, for example, the organization and management of health care systems. Moreover, we raise concerns about shifts in the regulatory regime of evidence standards, where clinical care increasingly becomes a vehicle for biomedical research.

Ações de enfermagem em doenças crônicas em pessoas com diagnóstico de Covid-19: estudo retrospectivo / Nursing actions in chronic diseases in people diagnosed with Covid-19: retrospective study

Resumo: Introdução: As doenças respiratórias crônicas representam uma grande carga de invalidez e morte em todo o mundo. Esses problemas foram agravados pela pandemia COVID-19, aumentando a demanda por cuidados de enfermagem. Objetivo: Analisar as ações de enfermagem a pacientes com doenças respiratórias crônicas, associadas à infecção por COVID-19. Método: Estudo observacional, descritivo e retrospectivo com percurso longitudinal, realizado em um hospital de referência para COVID-19 em um município da região sul do Brasil. A fonte de dados foram 42 prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes com doenças respiratórias crônicas e infecção por COVID-19, internados entre março de 2020 e fevereiro de 2021. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de um formulário com questões referentes à situação sociodemográfica e clínica dos pacientes, e as ações de enfermagem, feitas de acordo com as taxonomias Diagnósticos de enfermagem da North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I), Classificação de Resultados de Enfermagem (NOC) e Classificação de Intervenções de Enfermagem (NIC). As variáveis foram agrupadas, categorizadas e analisadas descritivamente de acordo com sua distribuição. Resultados: Em relação ao perfil sociodemográfico, a proporção entre homens e mulheres foi equitativa com razão de 1:1, a idade média dos pacientes foi de 56,5 anos, 57,1% deles entre 40 e 69 anos e 85,7% residindo em zona urbana. Em relação ao quadro clínico, a doença crônica prevalente foi a asma (61,9%), seguida da hipertensão arterial (59,5%). Apesar de menos da metade dos pacientes necessitarem de internação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (40,4%), observou-se alta mortalidade (58,8%) entre eles, predominantemente em mulheres (60%) com idade superior a 60 anos. A hipertensão foi encontrada em 100% dos falecidos, assim como outras doenças cardiovasculares (70%), asma, DPOC e diabetes foram encontrados na mesma proporção (50%). Em relação às ações de enfermagem, 16 diagnósticos segundo a taxonomia NANDA-I e 48 intervenções segundo a taxonomia NIC foram descritos pelos profissionais de enfermagem nos registros, a maioria deles voltada à identificação, controle e redução de problemas respiratórios e/ou derivados da infecção, bem como à prevenção de possíveis riscos. Nenhuma descrição dos resultados foi encontrada de acordo com a taxonomia NOC. Conclusões: Constatou-se que as ações de enfermagem para o cuidado às pessoas com doenças respiratórias acometidas pelo COVID-19 estão voltadas para o tratamento e controle dos sintomas respiratórios e do processo infeccioso. Em relação às intervenções de enfermagem, a maioria foi direcionada à dimensão fisiológica. Os resultados deste estudo evidenciam a importância da prática de enfermagem no contexto da pandemia COVID-19 no cuidado às pessoas com doenças respiratórias crônicas, oferecendo uma visão da variedade de atividades desenvolvidas pelos profissionais de enfermagem durante o processo assistencial.

Abstract: Introduction: Chronic respiratory diseases represent a high burden of disability and death worldwide. These problems were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing the demand for nursing care. Objective: To analyze the nursing actions for patients with chronic respiratory diseases associated with COVID-19 infection. Method: Observational, descriptive and retrospective study with a longitudinal course, developed in a reference hospital for COVID-19 in a city in southern Brazil. The data source was 42 electronic medical records of patients with chronic respiratory diseases and COVID-19 infection, hospitalized between March 2020 to February 2021. Data collection was carried out using a form that consists of information on the sociodemographic and clinical profile of the patients, and the main nursing actions carried out according to the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I), the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) and the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) taxonomies. The variables were grouped and categorized into sociodemographic, clinical, and those related to nursing actions to later be analyzed descriptively according to their distribution. Results: In relation to the sociodemographic profile, the proportion between men and women was equitable with a ratio of 1:1, the average age of the patients was 56.5 years with 57.1% of these between 40 and 69 years and 85, 7% residing in the urban area. Regarding the clinical profile, the most prevalent chronic disease was Asthma (61.9%), followed by Hypertension (59.5%). Although less than half of the patients required hospitalization in the Intensive Care Unit (40.4%), a high mortality rate (58.8%) among them was observed, predominantly in women (60.0%) older than 60 years. Hypertension was found in 100% of the deceased, as well as other cardiovascular diseases (70.0%), asthma, COPD and diabetes were found in the same proportion (50.0%). Regarding nursing actions,16 diagnoses according to the NANDA-I taxonomy and 48 interventions according to the NIC taxonomy were described by the nursing professionals in the registries, most of them aimed at the identification, control and reduction of respiratory problems and / or those derived from infection, as well as the prevention of possible risks. No description of results was found according to the NOC taxonomy. Conclusions: It was found that nursing actions for the care of people with respiratory diseases affected by COVID-19 are mainly focused on the treatment and control of respiratory symptoms and the infectious process. Regarding nursing interventions, most were directed to the physiological dimension. The results of this study highlight the importance of nursing practice in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the care of people with chronic respiratory diseases, offering a vision of the great variety of activities developed by the nursing professionals during the caring process.

Resumen: Introducción: Las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas representan una alta carga de discapacidad y muerte a nivel mundial. Estos problemas fueron agravados por la pandemia de COVID-19, aumentando la demanda de cuidados de enfermería. Objetivo: Analizar las acciones de enfermería para pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas asociadas a la infección por COVID-19. Método: se trata de un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo de curso longitudinal, realizado en un hospital de referencia para COVID-19 en un municipio de la región sur de Brasil. La fuente de datos fueron 42 historias clínicas electrónicas de pacientes portadores de enfermedades respiratorias crónicas e infección por COVID-19, hospitalizados entre el periodo de marzo de 2020 a febrero de 2021. La recolección de los datos se realizó por medio de un formulario que consta de informaciones sobre el perfil sociodemográfico, clínico de los pacientes y las principales acciones de enfermería realizadas según las taxonomías Diagnósticos de enfermería de la North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I), Clasificación de los Resultados de Enfermería (NOC) e Clasificación de las Intervenciones de Enfermería (NIC). Las variables fueron agrupadas y categorizadas en sociodemográficas, clínicas y las relacionadas con las acciones de enfermería para posteriormente ser analizadas de forma descriptiva según su distribución. Resultados: En relación al perfil sociodemográfico, la proporción entre hombres y mujeres fue equitativa con una razón de 1:1, la edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 56,5 años con 57,1% de estos entre los 40 y 69 años, y 85,7% residiendo en el área urbana. Al respecto del perfil clínico, la enfermedad crónica más prevalente fue el Asma (61,9%), seguida por la Hipertensión arterial (59,5%), Aunque menos de la mitad de los pacientes requirió de internación en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (40,4%), una alta mortalidad (58,8%) fue observada entre estos, predominantemente en mujeres (60,0%) con edad mayor a 60 años. Se encontró hipertensión en el 100% de los fallecidos, así como otras enfermedades cardiovasculares (70,0%), el asma, la EPOC y la diabetes se encontraron en igual proporción (50,0%). En cuanto a las acciones de enfermería, 16 diagnósticos según la taxonomía NANDA-I y 48 intervenciones según la taxonomía NIC fueron descritas por los profesionales de enfermería en los registros, siendo la mayoría orientadas a la identificación, control y disminución de problemas respiratorios y/o derivados de la infección, así como la prevención de posibles riesgos. No se encontró descripción de resultados de acuerdo a la taxonomía NOC. Conclusiones: Se encontró que las acciones de enfermería para el cuidado de personas con enfermedades respiratorias afectadas por COVID-19 se enfocan principalmente en el tratamiento y control de los síntomas respiratorios y el proceso infeccioso. En cuanto a las intervenciones de enfermería, la mayoría se dirigieron a la dimensión fisiológica. Los resultados de este estudio destacan la importancia de la práctica de enfermería en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19, en especial en la atención a personas con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas, ofreciendo una visión de la gran variedad de actividades desarrolladas por los profesionales de enfermería durante el proceso de cuidar.

Functional Constructivism Approach to Multilevel Nature of Bio-Behavioral Diversity.

Attempts to revise the existing classifications of psychiatric disorders (DSM and ICD) continue and highlight a crucial need for the identification of biomarkers underlying symptoms of psychopathology. The present review highlights the benefits of using a Functional Constructivism approach in the analysis of the functionality of the main neurotransmitters. This approach explores the idea that behavior is neither reactive nor pro-active, but constructive and generative, being a transient selection of multiple degrees of freedom in perception and actions. This review briefly describes main consensus points in neuroscience related to the functionality of eight neurochemical ensembles, summarized as a part of the neurochemical model Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET). None of the FET components is represented by a single neurotransmitter; all neurochemical teams have specific functionality in selection of behavioral degrees of freedom and stages of action construction. The review demonstrates the possibility of unifying taxonomies of temperament and classifications of psychiatric disorders and presenting these taxonomies formally and systematically. The paper also highlights the multi-level nature of regulation of consistent bio-behavioral individual differences, in line with the concepts of diagonal evolution (proposed earlier) and Specialized Extended Phenotype.

A Survey of Human Activity Recognition in Smart Homes Based on IoT Sensors Algorithms: Taxonomies, Challenges, and Opportunities with Deep Learning.

Recent advances in Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and the reduction in the cost of sensors have encouraged the development of smart environments, such as smart homes. Smart homes can offer home assistance services to improve the quality of life, autonomy, and health of their residents, especially for the elderly and dependent. To provide such services, a smart home must be able to understand the daily activities of its residents. Techniques for recognizing human activity in smart homes are advancing daily. However, new challenges are emerging every day. In this paper, we present recent algorithms, works, challenges, and taxonomy of the field of human activity recognition in a smart home through ambient sensors. Moreover, since activity recognition in smart homes is a young field, we raise specific problems, as well as missing and needed contributions. However, we also propose directions, research opportunities, and solutions to accelerate advances in this field.

A Systematic Analysis of Hand Movement Functionality: Qualitative Classification and Quantitative Investigation of Hand Grasp Behavior.

Understanding human hand movement functionality is fundamental in neuroscience, robotics, prosthetics, and rehabilitation. People are used to investigate movement functionality separately from qualitative or quantitative perspectives. However, it is still limited to providing an integral framework from both perspectives in a logical manner. In this paper, we provide a systematic framework to qualitatively classify hand movement functionality, build prehensile taxonomy to explore the general influence factors of human prehension, and accordingly design a behavioral experiment to quantitatively understand the hand grasp. In qualitative analysis, two facts are explicitly proposed: (1) the arm and wrist make a vital contribution to hand movement functionality; (2) the relative position (relative position in this paper is defined as the distance between the center of the human wrist and the object center of gravity) is a general influence factor significantly impacting human prehension. In quantitative analysis, the significant influence of three factors, object shape, size, and relative position, is quantitatively demonstrated. Simultaneously considering the impact of relative position, object shape, and size, the prehensile taxonomy and behavioral experiment results presented here should be more representative and complete to understand human grasp functionality. The systematic framework presented here is general and applicable to other body parts, such as wrist, arm, etc. Finally, many potential applications and the limitations are clarified.

Translation and adaptation of adult self report: A tool for assessment of adult psychopathology.

OBJECTIVE: To translate, adapt and validate the Adult Self-Report tool in Urdu language, and to establish internal consistency of its subscales. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to August 2018 at the National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, and comprised adult stable psychiatric outpatients and non-clinical subjects from the community. After forward and backward translation of Adult Self-Report, the tool was tested on the subjects who responded on a three-point Likert scale from 'never' to 'very often'. The items were grouped under eight subscales. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. RESULTS: Of the 768 participants, 408(53%) were outpatients and 360(47%) were non-clinical subjects. The overall age range was 18-59 years. The tool was found to be effective for Pakistani sample, with root mean square error of approximation (0.03), comparative fit index (0.94) and Tucker-Lewis Index (0.94) values indicating good fit. Also, al items indicated good factor loadings (range: 0.25-0.94). Alpha values indicated that all subscales were internally consistent (range: 0.64-0.92). CONCLUSIONS: Adult Self-Report was found to be a comprehensive tool showing a good model fit for Pakistani population.

Using Knowledge Graphs to Plausibly Infer Missing Associations in EMR Data.

Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) are increasingly being deployed at primary points of care and clinics for digital record keeping, increasing productivity and improving communication. In practice, however, there still exists an often incomplete picture of patient profiles, not only because of disconnected EMR systems but also due to incomplete EMR data entry - often caused by clinician time constraints and lack of data entry restrictions. To complete a patient's partial EMR data, we plausibly infer missing causal associations between medical EMR concepts, such as diagnoses and treatments, for situations that lack sufficient raw data to enable machine learning methods. We follow a knowledge-based approach, where we leverage open medical knowledge sources such as SNOMED-CT and ICD, combined with knowledge-based reasoning with explainable inferences, to infer clinical encounter information from incomplete medical records. To bootstrap this process, we apply a semantic Extract-Transform-Load process to convert an EMR database into an enriched domain-specific Knowledge Graph.

Digital Twins: A General Overview of the Biopharma Industry.

This chapter gives an industry perspective of how digital twins are tangibly translated, implemented, and used in a biopharmaceutical environment. Technical prerequisites and components including data modeling, the lifecycle, and different skills which are required from people to be put together and collaborate efficiently with digital twins are discussed with practical examples which have been implemented in labs and in manufacturing.

Distinct fronto-temporal substrates of distributional and taxonomic similarity among words: evidence from RSA of BOLD signals.

A class of semantic theories defines concepts in terms of statistical distributions of lexical items, basing meaning on vectors of word co-occurrence frequencies. A different approach emphasizes abstract hierarchical taxonomic relationships among concepts. However, the functional relevance of these different accounts and how they capture information-encoding of lexical meaning in the brain still remains elusive. We investigated to what extent distributional and taxonomic models explained word-elicited neural responses using cross-validated representational similarity analysis (RSA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and model comparisons. Our findings show that the brain encodes both types of semantic information, but in distinct cortical regions. Posterior middle temporal regions reflected lexical-semantic similarity based on hierarchical taxonomies, in coherence with the action-relatedness of specific semantic word categories. In contrast, distributional semantics best predicted the representational patterns in left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG, BA 47). Both representations coexisted in the angular gyrus supporting semantic binding and integration. These results reveal that neuronal networks with distinct cortical distributions across higher-order association cortex encode different representational properties of word meanings. Taxonomy may shape long-term lexical-semantic representations in memory consistently with the sensorimotor details of semantic categories, whilst distributional knowledge in the LIFG (BA 47) may enable semantic combinatorics in the context of language use. Our approach helps to elucidate the nature of semantic representations essential for understanding human language.

Taxonomies, Technological Opportunities, and Global Value Chains in Developing Countries: a Literature Review and a Conceptual Approach Proposal / Taxonomías, oportunidades tecnológicas y cadenas globales de valor en países en vías de desarrollo: una sistematización conceptual y una propuesta de abordaje

RESUMEN Este artículo tuvo por objetivo generar un aporte conceptual a partir de la interpelación de dos dimensiones clave dentro de literatura del desarrollo: el rol de las taxonomías tecnológicas y la emergencia de esquemas de producción global, en particular, de cadenas globales de valor. Así, se propone abordar la discusión acerca de la evaluación del cambio estructural desde un enfoque integrador, en busca de relacionar la aproximación taxonómica y la de cadenas globales de valor (CGV). La metodología aplicada se basa en un protocolo mixto de revisión estructurada y síntesis de literatura. Sus contribuciones proponen un esquema analítico capaz de poner en evidencia las debilidades de tratar ambos enfoques de forma aislada, concluyendo que una mirada enriquecida de los fenómenos de cambio estructural requiere la fusión de ambas miradas para no incurrir en recomendaciones o evaluaciones incompletas.

ABSTRACT This work aims to generate a conceptual contribution by discussing two key dimensions of the development literature: the role of technological taxonomies and the emergence of global value chains. It is proposed that the discussion about structural change needs to be related not only to the taxonomic approach, but also to that of GVC. The applied methodology is based on a mixed protocol of structured review and literature synthesis. The contributions of this work propose an analytical scheme capable of highlighting the weaknesses of treating both approaches in isolation, concluding that an enriched view of the phenomena of structural change requires the fusion of both views, in order not to incur in incomplete recommendations or evaluations.

Through the magnifying glass: Exploring aggregations of COVID-19 datasets by county, state, and taxonomies of U.S. regions.

In this preliminary study, we investigate the case of COVID-19 United States confirmed cases datasets, and perform experiments with aggregations of data by county, state, and different taxonomies for U.S. regions. The overarching goals of this study is to uncover potential data quality issues due to different levels of geospatial aggregation of data.

Comparing rates of ICD-11 and DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Austrian children and adolescents in foster care: prevalence, comorbidity and predictors.

BACKGROUND: The diagnostic criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) differ between the DSM-5 and the ICD-11, affecting prevalence and associated metrics of PTSD. OBJECTIVE: Investigating the effects of the diverging DSM-5 and ICD-11 PTSD conceptualizations on prevalence and comorbidity rates, as well as predictor impact in a sample of foster children and adolescents using manual-specific measures. METHOD: The sample consisted of n = 145 foster children and adolescents. PTSD rates were assessed and compared utilizing the International Trauma Questionnaire - Child and Adolescent Version (ICD-11) and the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen (DSM-5). PTSD comorbidities with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) were assessed. The predictive value of age, gender and cumulative trauma for PTSD was determined. RESULTS: A non-significant trend for higher DSM-5 (21.4%) vs. ICD-11 (16.7%) PTSD prevalence was observed. Significantly elevated DSM-5 vs. ICD-11 diagnostic rates were recorded in the re-experience (diff. = 18.3%) and hyperarousal (diff. = 10.1%) clusters. DSM-5 PTSD showed a non-significant trend for higher comorbidities with GAD and MDD. Gender and cumulative trauma predicted PTSD significantly and approximately equally according to both taxonomies. CONCLUSION: The study supports the assumption that utilizing manual-specific PTSD measures in children and adolescents leads to higher rates of DSM-5 PTSD compared to ICD-11 PTSD. The exact methodological reasons for diverging diagnostic rates need to be analysed.

Antecedentes: Los criterios de diagnóstico para el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) difieren entre el DSM-5 y el CIE-11, lo cual afecta la prevalencia y las métricas asociadas al TEPT.Objetivo: Investigar los efectos de las conceptualizaciones divergentes del TEPT entre el DSM-5 y el CIE-11, utilizando medidas específicas del manual, en las tasas de prevalencia y comorbilidad, así como el impacto predictor en una muestra de niños y adolescentes en condición de acogida familiar temporal.Método: La muestra consistió en un n = 145 niños y adolescentes en condición de acogida familiar temporal. Las tasas de TEPT se evaluaron y compararon utilizando el Cuestionario Internacional de Trauma - Versión para Niños y Adolescentes (CIE-11) y la Prueba de Detección del Trauma para Niños y Adolescentes (DSM-5). Se evaluaron las comorbilidades del TEPT, trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG) y trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM). Se determinó el valor predictivo para TEPT de las variables edad, género y trauma acumulativo.Resultados: Se observó una tendencia, no-significativa, de una mayor prevalencia de TEPT para el DSM-5 (21.4%) comparado con el CIE-11 (16.7%). Se registraron tasas de diagnóstico significativamente elevadas en los grupos de re-experimentación (dif. = 18.3%) e hiperactivación (dif. = 10.1%) para el DSM-5 versus el CIE-11. El TEPT en el DSM-5 mostró una tendencia mayor, no-significativa, para las comorbilidades TAG y TDM. El género y el trauma acumulativo predijeron el TEPT de manera significativa, y aproximadamente equivalente en ambas taxonomías.Conclusión: El estudio apoya el supuesto de que la utilización de medidas TEPT específicas para el manual en niños y adolescentes conlleva tasas más altas de TEPT para el DSM-5 en comparación con el CIE-11. Es necesario analizar las razones metodológicas precisas para estas tasas de diagnóstico divergentes.

Scalable classification of organisms into a taxonomy using hierarchical supervised learners.

Accurately identifying organisms based on their partially available genetic material is an important task to explore the phylogenetic diversity in an environment. Specific fragments in the DNA sequence of a living organism have been defined as DNA barcodes and can be used as markers to identify species efficiently and effectively. The existing DNA barcode-based classification approaches suffer from three major issues: (i) most of them assume that the classification is done within a given taxonomic class and/or input sequences are pre-aligned, (ii) highly performing classifiers, such as SVM, cannot scale to large taxonomies due to high memory requirements, (iii) mutations and noise in input DNA sequences greatly reduce the taxonomic classification score. In order to address these issues, we propose a multi-level hierarchical classifier framework to automatically assign taxonomy labels to DNA sequences. We utilize an alignment-free approach called spectrum kernel method for feature extraction. We build a proof-of-concept hierarchical classifier with two levels, and evaluated it on real DNA sequence data from barcode of life data systems. We demonstrate that the proposed framework provides higher f1-score than regular classifiers. Besides, hierarchical framework scales better to large datasets enabling researchers to employ classifiers with high classification performance and high memory requirement on large datasets. Furthermore, we show that the proposed framework is more robust to mutations and noise in sequence data than the non-hierarchical classifiers.

Taxonomías digitales: fundamentos teóricos y metodología de construcción / Digital taxonomies: theoretical fundamentals and construction methodology

Resumen El artículo analiza las taxonomías digitales desde la perspectiva bibliotecológica. Su objetivo fue construir una taxonomía digital del área de conocimiento "Sistema solar" que pudiera ser implementada como sistema de acceso temático jerárquico-visual para un conjunto de recursos de información digitales albergados en un sitio web. La metodología empleada en la construcción de la taxonomía consistió en una propuesta particular que se nutre de dos metodologías relevantes sobre el tema. Se encontró que las taxonomías son un Sistema para la Organización del Conocimiento (SOC) que, debido a su potencial representador y organizador, han migrado al espacio de los Sistemas para la Organización del conocimiento en Red (SOCR) cuyas funciones en la web están asociadas, entre muchas aplicaciones, a la indización y clasificación de recursos de información. Se concluye que el conocimiento teórico y aplicado de las taxonomías digitales es prioritario para los profesionales de la información que día a día se enfrentan a más retos relacionados con el ordenamiento de recursos de información insertos en la World Wide Web.

Abstract The article analyzes digital taxonomies from the librarianship perspective. Its objective was to build a digital taxonomy about "Solar System" knowledge area that can be implemented as hierarchical-visual subject access system for a set of digital information resources stored in a website. The methodology used to build the taxonomy was a proposal based on two relevant methodologies about the topic. It was found that taxonomies are a Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS) that, due to its representational and organizer potential, have migrated to the space of Networked Knowledge Organization Systems (NKOS), whose tasks on the web are associated, among many applications, to the indexing and classification of information resources. It is concluded that the theoretical and applied knowledge of digital taxonomies is a priority for information professionals who every day deals with challenges related to the organization of information sources inserted in the World Wide Web.

The impact of COVID-19 on mental health: The interactive roles of brain biotypes and human connection.

COVID-19 along with the mitigation strategies being used to address the virus pose significant threats to our individual and collective mental health. As the crisis evolves and persists, it will be increasingly important for the research community to conduct investigations that address the mental health consequences of COVID-19. The causes of mental health effects in the context of COVID-19 are multifactorial and likely include biological, behavioral, and environmental determinants. We argue that the COVID-19 crisis significantly threatens our basic human need for human connection, which might serve as a crucial environmental factor that could underlie the overall insult to our mental health. Furthermore, "brain styles," which we have previously conceptualized as "biotypes" that are informed by a neural taxonomy, might interact with the universal threat to our need for human connection to explain the mental health consequences of COVID-19 from a precision psychiatry perspective. The goal of this viewpoint is to inspire research on the mental health consequences of COVID-19 from an individualized, brain-based perspective that honors the profound threat that the virus poses to our basic human motivations.