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Biochemistry is believed to be a difficult subject to understand for most life science and medical students. This article explains an experience with a flowchart-based teaching approach that is applicable to different kinds of biochemistry courses (basic, medical, and clinical) for undergraduate and postgraduate students. After preparing the flowcharts, they were given to the students at the beginning of the semester, and the flowchart-based teaching was performed for a whole semester. At the end of the semester, they were asked about the effectiveness and facilitation of learning using flowchart-based teaching. This survey was performed for several semesters. Approximately, 95% stated that it facilitates learning and understanding.
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Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Estudantes de Medicina , Humanos , Design de Software , Aprendizagem , Currículo , Educação de Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Bioquímica/educação , EnsinoRESUMO
RESUMEN La especialidad de Imagenología comprende áreas del conocimiento médico que utilizan diferentes tecnologías en creciente desarrollo y métodos que exteriorizan partes del cuerpo humano, por tal motivo, educar a través del diagnóstico por imágenes informatizadas constituye un desafío en la actualidad. El presente artículo plantea describir las características principales de los medios de enseñanza y el interés que brinda especialmente la imagen radiológica digital como recurso didáctico. Se recopiló y revisó bibliografía de mayor novedad y profundidad en el tratamiento del tema. La estrategia de búsqueda adoptada fue la utilización de las palabras clave o descriptores en español e inglés. En la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas las tecnologías modernas traen diversidad de herramientas didácticas en el marco de escenarios docentes que impulsan y motivan el desarrollo rápido de habilidades perceptivas, la utilización cada vez más frecuente de imágenes digitales como medio de enseñanza la convierten en un recurso muy utilizado actualmente que exige habilidades y manejo eficaz. Las imágenes digitales con fines docentes son una alternativa importante, pues reflejan la modernidad e incorporan el conocimiento, debido a que se transforman en un nuevo recurso destinado a comunicar.
ABSTRACT The specialty of Imaging includes areas of medical knowledge that use different technologies in growing development and methods that externalize parts of the human body, for this reason, educating through computerized imaging diagnosis is a challenge today. This article proposes to describe the main characteristics of the teaching aids and the interest that the digital radiological image offers especially as a didactic resource. Bibliography of greater novelty and depth in the treatment of the subject was collected and reviewed. The search strategy adopted was the use of keywords or descriptors in Spanish and English. In the University of Medical Sciences, modern technologies bring diversity of didactic tools within the framework of teaching scenarios that promote and motivate the rapid development of perceptual skills, the increasingly frequent use of digital images as a means of teaching make it a very useful resource. Currently used that requires skills and effective handling. Digital images for teaching purposes are an important alternative, as they reflect modernity and incorporate knowledge, because they become a new resource for communicating.
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INTRODUCTION: The goal of dental education is to prepare competent ethical professionals with critical thinking, reasoning and analyzing skills along with ability of application of clinical skills and judgement in treating a patient. The present study was designed with the objective to elicit the preferences of dental students regarding the utility of the prevailing teaching and learning methods and teaching aids. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate dental students. Study population consisted of 382 dental students. A self-designed close-ended questionnaire written in English was constructed specifically for the study. The questionnaire was divided into two sections. Information regarding various teaching and learning methods both in theory and practical/clinical classes was obtained from the students. Results were calculated using numbers and percentages only. RESULTS: The mean age of the students was 20.49 + 2.4 years. Problem based learning (PBL) was rated very useful by 76% (290) and useful by 24% (92) of subjects. Performing clinical/practical procedure individually rather than in group was rated very useful by 31% (118) of subjects. Use of power-point along with the blackboard was rated as the most useful method by 95% (363) of subjects. Majority of subjects (61%, 233) felt that 40 minutes duration of lecture was more useful as compared to 30 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: Our study concludes that dental students prefer active teaching learning methodologies and combination of audiovisual aids. Hence it is suggested that collaboration of different active teaching methods and aids should be adopted by the teachers in order to enhance the student learning process.
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Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Educação em Odontologia/métodos , Humanos , Polônia , Estudantes , Ensino , Adulto JovemRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: el uso de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación se ha generalizado en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje para facilitar la continuidad de estudios en educandos universitarios, debido a la situación epidemiológica mundial. La medicina natural y tradicional constituye un pilar fundamental para el ejercicio de la práctica clínica, de ahí la necesidad del desarrollo de su internado vertical. Objetivo: diseñar un medio de enseñanza para el aprendizaje de la acupuntura y digitopuntura por los estudiantes del internado vertical. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal, de desarrollo tecnológico, en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas, entre septiembre de 2021 y febrero de 2022. Se llevó a cabo el diseño y validación sobre una propuesta de medio de enseñanza digital para el internado vertical. Resultados: se trabajó de manera conjunta con áreas básicas clínicas, para dar salida al módulo de Acupuntura en el internado vertical de Medicina Natural y Tradicional, con el empleo de la anatomía humana. Se diseñó un medio de enseñanza al utilizar gráficos e información virtual, que fueron calificados de muy adecuados, tanto en pertinencia como en utilidad. Conclusiones: se confeccionó un medio de enseñanza que permite al estudiante del internado vertical de la carrera de Medicina, interactuar con los contenidos de Anatomía Humana y la Medicina Natural y Tradicional.
ABSTRACT Introduction: the use of information and communication technologies has become widespread in the teaching-learning process to facilitate the continuity of studies in university students, due to the global epidemiological situation. Natural and traditional medicine is a fundamental pillar for the exercise of clinical practice, hence the need for the development of its vertical internship. Objective: to design a teaching aid for the students of the vertical internship to learn acupuncture and digitopuncture. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional study of technological development was conducted at the Medical Sciences University of Matanzas, between September 2021 and February 2022. The design and validation on a proposal of digital teaching aid for the vertical internship was carried out. Results: the Acupuncture module was elaborated together with basic clinical areas for the vertical internship of Natural and Traditional Medicine, with the use of human anatomy. A teaching aid was designed using graphics and virtual information, which were qualified as very adequate, both in relevance and usefulness. Conclusions: a teaching aid was created that allows the student of the vertical internship of the Medicine studies to interact with the contents of Human Anatomy and Natural and Traditional Medicine.
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We sought to summarize, in a systematic review, the effectiveness of songs to support learning, performance, and recall of quality characteristics of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) compression rate, and depth. We systematically reviewed the literature from eight academic indexes from the fields of medicine, nursing, allied health, and education, from 2014 to 2020 to identify studies that evaluated an intervention of song use during CPR training against control and reported outcomes of compression rate and depth. There were 185 studies initially identified for review, eight met criteria for inclusion and analysis. For the critical outcome of compression depth, a pooled song group (n=446) when compared to a non-song group (n=443) demonstrated higher odds of being in the recommended range (OR 3.47). All studies, however, performed an average compression depth shallower than recommended guidelines in each arm. The available literature, we found, utilized heterogenous methodology and was at high risk of bias. When pooled, there were trends towards improved CPR metric performance in groups who were exposed to songs during treatment, though this only reached significance when groups were tested at >30 days from initial exposure. Findings of lower compression rates in the song groups suggest that song selection should favor beats per minute closer to the midpoint of the 100-120 ideal range to allow for variation when used as mental metronomes.
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Debido a la escasez de materiales de apoyo para la enseñanza del inglés con fines específicos, surgió la motivación de elaborar un glosario de sinónimos de términos médicos, a fin de facilitar la traducción, interpretación y comunicación de información científico-médica por parte de los profesionales de la salud, tanto en el ámbito nacional como extranjero. Para ello se revisaron diferentes artículos de las especialidades médicas y diccionarios; el producto final consistió en un material denominado "Glosario de sinónimos de términos médicos", cuya validación se realizó a través de la comparación de los resultados académicos, antes y después de su uso, y la opinión de los docentes que lo emplearon.
The motivation of elaborating a glossary of medical terms synonyms emerge due to the lack of support materials for the English language teaching with specific ends, in order to facilitate the translation, interpretation and communication of scientific-medical information for the health professionals, both in the national and foreign environment. Different works of the medical specialties and dictionaries were checked with this purpose; the final product consisted on a material denominated "Glossary of medical terms synonyms" whose validation was carried out through the comparison of the academic results, before and after its use, and the opinion of the teaching staff that used it.
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Ensino , Materiais de Ensino , Pessoal de Saúde , Estudantes , Tradução , IdiomaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Teaching aids and skills acquisition tools are rapidly forming an integral part of Family Medicine postgraduate training worldwide. While some training centres in West Africa have made concerted efforts to ensure their use, many still have a lot to improve on. Hence, there is a need to objectively determine its level of awareness, availability, and use in the sub-region. METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving all consenting Heads of Department and Training Coordinators of all centres with current West Africa College of Physicians Family Medicine accreditation. The Google link to a questionnaire comprising socio-demographic variables, questions on awareness, availability and use of various teaching aids and skill acquisition tools was sent to the respondents via WhatsApp message. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and categorical variables as frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine factors associated with and predictors of availability and use of teaching aids/skills acquisition tools. RESULTS: The response rate was 107(84.3%) from all currently accredited West Africa College of Physicians Family Medicine training centres. Their mean age was 54±7 years; they were predominantly 93(86.9%) certified as trainers. All the respondents felt the use of teaching aids/skills acquisition materials will enhance learning in their departments. However, most were aware and used traditional resources (97.2%) and non-electronic (96.3%) resources. Only 10 (9.3%) respondents had mannequins for training Resident Doctors. CONCLUSION: Most Family Medicine Trainers in West Africa are aware and support the use of teaching aids/skills acquisition materials. However, the uptake is currently very low. There is an urgent need for the Postgraduate College and all stakeholders to look into ways of improving the use of teaching aids/skills acquisition materials in the sub-region.
INTRODUCTION: Les aides pédagogiques et les outils d'acquisition de compétences font rapidement partie intégrante de la formation postgraduée en médecine familiale dans le monde entier. Si certains centres de formation en Afrique de l'Ouest ont fait des efforts concertés pour assurer leur utilisation, beaucoup ont encore beaucoup à améliorer. Il est donc nécessaire dedéterminer objectivement son niveau de sensibilisation, sa disponibilité et sond'utilisation dans la sous-région. MÉTHODES: Il s'agit d'une étude descriptive transversale qui implique tous les chefs de service et les coordinateurs de formation consentants de tous les centres ayant une formation en cours à l'Ouest. Les coordonnateurs de formation de tous les centres ayant une accréditation de médecine familiale du médecins de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Le lien Google vers un questionnaire comprenant des variables sociodémographiques,des questions sur la connaissance, la disponibilité et l'utilisation de divers supports d'outils d'acquisition de compétences a été envoyé aux répondants par message WhatsApp. Les variables continues ont été exprimées sous forme de moyenne ± écart type et les variables catégorielles en tant que fréquences et pourcentages. Le test du chi-deux et l'analyse de régression logistique ont été utilisés pour déterminer les facteurs associés et les prédicteurs de la disponibilité et de l'utilisation des aides à l'enseignement/outils d'acquisition de compétences. RÉSULTATS: Le taux de réponse a été de 107 (84,3 %) de tous les collèges de médecine familiale de l'Afrique de l'Ouest actuellement accrédités par le Collège des médecins d'Afrique de l'Ouest pour la médecine familiale. Leur âge moyen était de 54±7 ans ; ils étaient majoritairement 93(86,9%) certifiés en tant que formateurs. Tous les répondants ont estimé que l'utilisation d'aides à l'enseignement/de matériels d'acquisition de compétences améliorera l'apprentissage dans leurs départements. Cependant, la plupart étaient conscients et utilisaient des ressources traditionnelles (97,2%) et des ressources non électroniques (96,3%). Seuls 10 répondants (9,3 %) disposaient de mannequins pour la formation des médecins résidents. CONCLUSION: La plupart des formateurs en médecine familiale en Afrique de l'Ouest sont conscients et soutiennent l'utilisation d'aides à l'enseignement/de matériel d'acquisition de compétences. Cependant, l'utilisation de ce matériel est actuellement très faible. Il y a un besoin urgent pour le Collège Postgradué et toutes les parties prenantes d'examiner les moyens d'améliorer l'utilisation des aides à l'enseignement/du matériel d'acquisition de compétences dans la sousrégion. MOTS-CLÉS: Sensibilisation, supports d'enseignement, acquisition de compétences, Afrique de l'Ouest, médecine familiale.
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Medicina de Família e Comunidade , Médicos , África Ocidental , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Resumen La educación es el proceso que tiene por finalidad formar de manera integral al ser humano; esto significa desarrollar al máximo las potencialidades motrices, cognitivas, personales y sociales de los individuos para poder ejercer a plenitud todas las facultades en todos los ámbitos de la vida. El objetivo consistió en desarrollar las habilidades motrices básicas en el niño de sexto año de vida o edad preescolar mediante la creación de un medio de enseñanza, a partir de una experiencia constatada con niños del sexto año de vida que asisten a Círculos Infantiles de la Isla de la Juventud, así como la formación de hábitos, habilidades motrices básicas y su tratamiento en el proceso pedagógico de la Educación Física. Se utilizaron los métodos de investigación del nivel teórico como el análisis documental, histórico y lógico, análisis y síntesis e hipotético deductivo; del nivel empírico, la encuesta a educadoras, la observación, la entrevista a las educadoras y el método estadístico. La muestra estuvo constituida por 50 niños, del sexto año de vida de los Círculos Infantiles "Alegres Mineritos" (poblado La Demajagua), "Edad de Oro" y "Mambisito" (Nueva Gerona). Se conformó una muestra de 44 niños que representa el 88 % de dicha población. El aporte está dado en la elaboración de un medio de enseñanza que posibilite un control más objetivo y que contribuya al desarrollo de las habilidades motrices básicas (caminar, correr, saltar y lanzar); sustenta además a las demás habilidades motrices que dan cumplimiento al desarrollo físico, psíquico e intelectual del niño; proporciona una escala valorativa que pueda ser utilizada de manera sencilla y económica por las educadoras. El medio Multipro para el desarrollo de habilidades motrices básicas en niños del sexto año de vida ha demostrado que no solo contribuye al mejoramiento del desarrollo de las habilidades motrices básicas, sino que, contribuye al desarrollo de la creatividad mediante la solución de situaciones reales.
Resumo A educação é o processo que visa formar o ser humano de forma integral; isto significa desenvolver ao máximo as potencialidades motoras, cognitivas, pessoais e sociais dos indivíduos, a fim de poder exercer plenamente todas as faculdades em todas as áreas da vida. O objectivo era desenvolver capacidades motoras básicas nas crianças no sexto ano de vida ou em idade pré-escolar, criando um ambiente de ensino, baseado numa experiência com crianças no sexto ano de vida que frequentam Círculos Infantis na Ilha da Juventude, bem como a formação de hábitos, capacidades motoras básicas e o seu tratamento no processo pedagógico da Educação Física. Foram utilizados métodos de investigação a nível teórico: análise documental, histórica e lógica, análise e síntese e hipotética dedução. A partir do nível empírico: inquérito aos educadores, observação, entrevista aos educadores e o método estatístico. A amostra foi composta por 50 crianças no sexto ano de vida dos Círculos Infantis "Alegres Mineritos" (a localidade de La Demajagua), "Edad de Oro" e "Mambisito" (Nueva Gerona). A contribuição é dada no desenvolvimento de um meio de ensino que permite um controlo mais objectivo que contribua para o desenvolvimento das capacidades motoras básicas (caminhar, correr, saltar e lançar); apoiar as outras habilidades motoras que dão realização ao desenvolvimento físico, psicológico e intelectual da criança; fornece uma escala de valores que pode ser utilizada de uma forma simples e económica pelos educadores. O meio Multipro para o desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras básicas nas crianças no sexto ano de vida demonstrou que não só contribui para a melhoria do desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras básicas, mas também para o desenvolvimento da criatividade através da solução de situações reais.
Abstract Education is the process that aims to form the human being in an integral way; this means developing to the maximum the motor, cognitive, personal and social potentialities of individuals in order to be able to fully exercise all the faculties in all areas of life. The aim was to develop basic motor skills in children in the sixth year of life or pre-school age by creating a teaching environment, based on an experience with children in the sixth year of life who attend The Day care centers in La Isla de la Juventud, as well as the formation of habits, basic motor skills and their treatment in the pedagogical process of Physical Education. Research methods were used at the theoretical level: documentary, historical and logical analysis, analysis and synthesis and hypothetical deductive. From the empirical level: survey of educators, observation, interview of educators and the statistical method. The sample was made up of 50 children in the sixth year of life of the "Alegres Mineritos" Day care centers (La Demajagua town), "Edad de Oro" and "Mambisito" (Nueva Gerona). The contribution is given in the development of a teaching aid that allows a more objective control that contributes to the development of basic motor skills (walking, running, jumping and throwing); supporting the other motor skills that give fulfillment to the physical, psychological and intellectual development of the child; it provides a scale of values that can be used in a simple and economic way by the educators. The Multipro teaching aid for the development of basic motor skills in children in the sixth year of life has demonstrated that it not only contributes to the improvement of the development of basic motor skills, but also to the development of creativity through the solution of real situations.
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RESUMEN La anatomía humana, ciencia independiente desde la Edad Antigua, ha evolucionado históricamente en correspondencia con cambios políticos, económicos, sociales y el desarrollo científico-técnico. Sin embargo, existen indefiniciones acerca de su didáctica especial, con diferentes criterios sobre cómo ejecutar el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, en particular al referirse a los métodos y los medios de enseñanza a emplear y aunque de modo general se asume el uso del cadáver como medio de enseñanza idóneo, existen diferentes tendencias al respecto. Los autores, mediante análisis de diversas fuentes bibliográficas, realizaron una sistematización acerca del uso de los medios de enseñanza en la didáctica especial de la anatomía humana en la actualidad. La sistematización efectuada mostró que el cadáver o piezas anatómicas preparadas continúan siendo el medio de enseñanza idóneo, pero también resulta importante el uso de otros medios y proponen que, en el tratamiento didáctico referido al uso de los medios de enseñanza en la disciplina, se consideren exigencias didácticas o regularidades como la interacción con diversos medios que semejando la realidad anatómica lo acerquen a la misma, proceso en el que deben ser guiados para establecer los nexos y relaciones entre los órganos, homogeneidad y diferencia referente a su estructura y sistemas que integran, así como la interdependencia forma-función, para lo cual es importante estudiar los contenidos teóricos interactuando con la observación anatómica, esto permite comprender y asimilar de modo significativo el contenido que se estudia (AU).
ABSTRACT Human Anatomy, an independent science form the Old Age, has historically evolved in correspondence with the politic, economic and social changes and the technical scientific development. However, there are still unclear definitions on its special didactics, with different criteria on how to develop the teaching learning process, particularly referring to teaching methods and aids to use; although it is assumed in general the dead body use as a suitable teaching aid, there are different tendencies about it. The authors, through the analysis of several bibliographic sources, made a systematization on the use of teaching aids in the special didactics of Human Anatomy nowadays. It showed that the dead body or prepared anatomic pieces are still the appropriate teaching aid, but it is also important the use of other aids, proposing the consideration of didactic exigencies or regularities like the interaction with several aids that, resembling the anatomical reality, approach to it, process in which they should be guided to establish the connections and relations between organs, the homogeneity and difference according to their structure and systems they take part of, and also the interdependency form-function; for all of that it is important to study the theoretical content interacting with the anatomic observation; it allows to understand and significantly integrate the studied content (AU).
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Humanos , Anatomia/educação , Aprendizagem/ética , Ciência , Ensino/educação , Disciplinas das Ciências Biológicas , ObservaçãoRESUMO
RESUMEN La anatomía humana, ciencia independiente desde la Edad Antigua, ha evolucionado históricamente en correspondencia con cambios políticos, económicos, sociales y el desarrollo científico-técnico. Sin embargo, existen indefiniciones acerca de su didáctica especial, con diferentes criterios sobre cómo ejecutar el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, en particular al referirse a los métodos y los medios de enseñanza a emplear y aunque de modo general se asume el uso del cadáver como medio de enseñanza idóneo, existen diferentes tendencias al respecto. Los autores, mediante análisis de diversas fuentes bibliográficas, realizaron una sistematización acerca del uso de los medios de enseñanza en la didáctica especial de la anatomía humana en la actualidad. La sistematización efectuada mostró que el cadáver o piezas anatómicas preparadas continúan siendo el medio de enseñanza idóneo, pero también resulta importante el uso de otros medios y proponen que, en el tratamiento didáctico referido al uso de los medios de enseñanza en la disciplina, se consideren exigencias didácticas o regularidades como la interacción con diversos medios que semejando la realidad anatómica lo acerquen a la misma, proceso en el que deben ser guiados para establecer los nexos y relaciones entre los órganos, homogeneidad y diferencia referente a su estructura y sistemas que integran, así como la interdependencia forma-función, para lo cual es importante estudiar los contenidos teóricos interactuando con la observación anatómica, esto permite comprender y asimilar de modo significativo el contenido que se estudia (AU).
ABSTRACT Human Anatomy, an independent science form the Old Age, has historically evolved in correspondence with the politic, economic and social changes and the technical scientific development. However, there are still unclear definitions on its special didactics, with different criteria on how to develop the teaching learning process, particularly referring to teaching methods and aids to use; although it is assumed in general the dead body use as a suitable teaching aid, there are different tendencies about it. The authors, through the analysis of several bibliographic sources, made a systematization on the use of teaching aids in the special didactics of Human Anatomy nowadays. It showed that the dead body or prepared anatomic pieces are still the appropriate teaching aid, but it is also important the use of other aids, proposing the consideration of didactic exigencies or regularities like the interaction with several aids that, resembling the anatomical reality, approach to it, process in which they should be guided to establish the connections and relations between organs, the homogeneity and difference according to their structure and systems they take part of, and also the interdependency form-function; for all of that it is important to study the theoretical content interacting with the anatomic observation; it allows to understand and significantly integrate the studied content (AU).
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Humanos , Anatomia/educação , Aprendizagem/ética , Ciência , Ensino/educação , Disciplinas das Ciências Biológicas , ObservaçãoRESUMO
In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries bones were an essential raw material for the German chemical industry, vital to the production of fertilizer, glue, gelatine, soap and other products. As most of this material was imported, the German school system during the "Third Reich" took the utilisation of bones as an example to illustrate the relevance of the four-year plan of 1936 and its policy of economic self-sufficiency. The school children were encouraged to collect bones from domestic sources and bring them to the collecting points in the schools. Several NS-institutions developed a variety of teaching aids and materials to support school education on this economically and politically important topic. Focussing on the example of bone-utilisation, this paper examines the messages and intentions of these educational materials. It also demonstrates how even apparently ideologically unbiased school subjects, such as chemistry, were instrumentalised for the political indoctrination of the pupils.
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La simulación en la educación médica ha presentado un desarrollo importante a nivel mundial. Se ha convertido en un medio de enseñanza-aprendizaje mediante el cual se favorece el desarrollo de competencias, especialmente la adquisición de habilidades clínicas, previo al contacto real con el paciente y fomenta la seguridad para este, mediante la adquisición de destrezas para disminuir la posibilidad de errores o complicaciones en la ejecución de procedimientos. Las aplicaciones de la simulación son múltiples y cuentan con un potencial ilimitado, la mayoría de las experiencias involucran el entrenamiento de habilidades y la adquisición del conocimiento. Este trabajo expone algunos de los fundamentos de la simulación médica como medio de enseñanza y ofrece un panorama conceptual respecto a la simulación y se describen las características del público al que va destinado el medio.
Simulation in medical education has presented an important development worldwide. It has become an aid of teaching and learning through which the development of skills is favored, especially the acquisition of clinical skills, prior to real contact with the patient and promotes safety for this, through the realization of skills to reduce the possibility of errors or complications in the execution of procedures. The applications of the simulation are multiple and have unlimited potential, most of the experiences involve training of skills and knowledge acquisition. This work exposes some of the foundations of medical simulation as a teaching medium and offers a conceptual overview of the simulation and describes the characteristics of the target audience.
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É apresentado o processo de construção e busca de evidências de validade de conteúdo de uma escala para avaliar a qualidade dos objetos de aprendizagem da área da saúde, sob os preceitos da Psicometria Clássica. Considerou-se, além da fundamentação teórica coerente e análise de juízes, o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) e a Razão de Validade de Conteúdo (RVC), práticas pouco comuns nos artigos de psicologia que relatam a avaliação de instrumentos psicológicos. Foi definido, como critério de exclusão de um item, apresentar IVC menor ou igual a 0,85 e RVC menor que 0,54. De um total de 84 itens, obteve-se a eliminação de 38. Esse resultado é considerado satisfatório como evidência para a validade de conteúdo. Contribui-se, assim, para a proposição de novos instrumentos voltados para o ensino na área da saúde, adotando-se uma abordagem contextualizada e sistêmica. (AU)
The process of constructing and establishing content validity evidence for a scale that assesses the quality of learning objects in the health area is presented, under the assumptions of the Classical Psychometrics. In addition to theoretical and semantic analysis by judges, items were evaluated by using the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (RVC), which are not common in psychology studies describing the evaluation of psychological instruments. Item exclusion criterion was IVC less than or equal to .85, and RVC less than .54. Thirty-eight out of a total of 84 items were eliminated. Results support the instrument's content validity. The study offers a new tool and contributes to teaching in the health area, by adopting a contextualized and systemic approach. (AU)
Es presentado el proceso de construcción y búsqueda de evidencias de validez de contenido de una escala para evaluar la calidad de los objetos de aprendizaje del área de la salud, sobre los preceptos de la Psicometría Clásica. Se consideró, además de la fundamentación teórica coherente y análisis de jueces, el Índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC) y la Razón de Validez de Contenido (RVC), prácticas poco frecuentes en los artículos de psicología que describen la evaluación de instrumentos psicológicos. Fue definido como criterio de exclusión de un ítem, aquel que presentase IVC menor o igual a 0,85 y RVC menor que 0,54. De un total de 84 ítems, se obtuvo la eliminación de 38. Este resultado es considerado satisfactorio como evidencia para la validez de contenido. Se contribuye así para la proposición de nuevos instrumentos dirigidos para la enseñanza en el área de la salud adoptándose un enfoque contextualizado y sistémico. (AU)
Assuntos
Psicometria , Educação em Saúde , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Incorporating newer teaching aids over traditional one in Anatomy has been challenging both for the teachers and the learners. Different educational strategies are being used for teaching of Anatomy. AIM: To elicit the perception and attitude toward teaching approaches in the Anatomy curriculum among first year medical students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was undertaken with the help of predesigned, pre-tested questionnaire to elicit knowledge in four domains of classroom teaching which were: a) gross anatomical structure; b) organ identification; c) topography; and d) radiological anatomy and self-assessment of acquired skills in respective fields among 114 first year students. RESULTS: A total of 57% of students opined good in gross structure of anatomy. A 60.5% of students preferred chalk and board method and 33.3% with LCD projector. Regarding acquiring knowledge, 72.8% of medical students gathered knowledge in gross anatomical structure domain whereas 58.8% in radiological anatomy. The overall mean score of attitude of the students regarding incorporating newer techniques in Anatomy teaching is 14.17±2.26. CONCLUSION: The perception of Anatomy teaching and attitude among medicos have been studied and opinion from them had thrown light for incorporation of newer techniques in their teaching curriculum.
RESUMO
La presente investigación se efectuó con el objetivo de evaluar el impacto de la introducción y generalización del resultado científico: La educación en valores mediante la aplicación de medios de enseñanza - aprendizaje en la disciplina de Morfofisiología en la Licenciatura en Enfermería, a través de indicadores diseñados de acuerdo a las particularidades de la investigación. Se aplicaron encuestas, se realizó una revisión documental de bibliografía relacionada con la temática y de documentos de los departamentos e instituciones en que ha incidido este resultado, lo cual permitió constatar la amplia y efectiva aplicación práctica de los resultados obtenidos de forma sistemática, a través de publicaciones, posgrados, presentación en eventos científicos y su generalización en diversas instituciones educacionales.
This research was conducted with the objective of assessing the impact of the introduction and generalization of the scientific result: Values education through the application of teaching aids- learning in Morphophysiology subject in the Nursing Degree through indicators designed according to the research characteristics. Surveys were carried, furthermore, a documentary bibliographic review related to the subject matter and a review of documents from departments and institutions affected by this result were made. They enabled to verify the wide and effective practice of the results got in a systematic way, through publications, postgraduate courses and presentations in scientific events as well as its generalization in different educational institutions.
RESUMO
Se efectuó una investigación del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura Estadística, en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, durante el período 2013-2015, a fin de perfeccionarlo a través de la elaboración de un folleto de ejercicios con situaciones problémicas de la práctica profesional, como material complementario de la disciplina Metodología de la Investigación y Estadística, que se imparte en segundo año de Estomatología. Primero se realizaron entrevistas a 77 estudiantes del tercer año que ya habían recibido la asignatura, donde 83,1 % refirió que no le gustaba la materia y 84,0 % que era necesario incluir situaciones problémicas estomatológicas para una mejor comprensión de esta; luego se aplicaron y validaron los ejercicios durante 2 cursos académicos, y se observó que de 151 alumnos, 127 manifestaron que le gustaba la asignatura y 100 identificaron la necesidad de conocer sus contenidos para su futuro desempeño profesional; de manera que dicho folleto aumentó la comprensión de los métodos estadísticos y desarrolló las habilidades y la motivación de los estudiantes por la Estadística
An investigation of the teaching-learning process of the Statistical subject was carried out, in the Stomatology Faculty of the University of Medical Sciences in Santiago de Cuba, during 2013-2015, in order to make it perfect through the elaboration of an exercises brochure with troublesome situations of the professional practice, as complementary material of the Methodology of the Investigation and Statistics discipline that is imparted in second year of Stomatology. First, 77 third year students that had already received the subject were interviewed, where 83.1 % referred that didn't like the subject and 84.0 % that it was necessary to include troublesome stomatological situations for a better understanding of this; then the exercises during 2 academic courses were implemented and validated, and it was observed that of 151 students, 127 manifested that liked the subject and 100 identified the necessity to know its contents for their future professional performance; so that this brochure increased the understanding of the statistical methods and developed the skills and motivation of the students for the Statistics
Assuntos
Materiais de Ensino , Estatística , BioestatísticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Although laparoscopic surgery has become widespread, effective and efficient education in laparoscopic surgery is difficult. Instructive laparoscopy videos with appropriate annotations are ideal for initial training in laparoscopic surgery; however, the method we use at our institution for creating laparoscopy videos with audio is not generalized, and there have been no detailed explanations of any such method. Our objectives were to demonstrate the feasibility of low-cost simple methods for recording surgical videos with audio and to perform a preliminary safety evaluation when obtaining these recordings during operations. DESIGN: We devised a method for the synchronous recording of surgical video with real-time audio in which we connected an amplifier and a wireless microphone to an existing endoscopy system and its equipped video-recording device. We tested this system in 209 cases of laparoscopic surgery in operating rooms between August 2010 and July 2011 and prospectively investigated the results of the audiovisual recording method and examined intraoperative problems. SETTING: Numazu City Hospital in Numazu city, Japan. PARTICIPANTS: Surgeons, instrument nurses, and medical engineers. RESULTS: In all cases, the synchronous input of audio and video was possible. The recording system did not cause any inconvenience to the surgeon, assistants, instrument nurse, sterilized equipment, or electrical medical equipment. Statistically significant differences were not observed between the audiovisual group and control group regarding the operating time, which had been divided into 2 slots-performed by the instructors or by trainees (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This recording method is feasible and considerably safe while posing minimal difficulty in terms of technology, time, and expense. We recommend this method for both surgical trainees who wish to acquire surgical skills effectively and medical instructors who wish to teach surgical skills effectively.
