Delivery of dexamethasone from bioactive nanofiber matrices stimulates odontogenesis of human dental pulp cells through integrin/BMP/mTOR signaling pathways.

Therapeutically relevant design of scaffolds is of special importance in the repair and regeneration of tissues including dentin and pulp. Here we exploit nanofiber matrices that incorporate bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGNs) and deliver the odontogenic drug dexamethasone (DEX) to stimulate the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). DEX molecules were first loaded onto the BGN, and then the DEX-BGN complex was incorporated within the biopolymer nanofiber matrix through electrospinning. The release of DEX continued over a month, showing a slow releasing profile. HDPCs cultured on the DEX-releasing BGN matrices were viable, proliferating well up to 14 days. The odontogenic differentiation, as assessed by alkaline phosphatase activity, mRNA expression of genes, and mineralization, was significantly stimulated on the matrices incorporating BGN and further on those releasing DEX. The DEX-releasing BGN matrices highly upregulated the expression of the integrin subsets α1, α5, and ß3 as well as integrin downstream signaling molecules, including focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Paxillin, and RhoA, and activated bone morphogenetic protein mRNA and phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8. Furthermore, the DEX-releasing BGN-matrices stimulated Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which was proven by the inhibition study. Collectively, the designed therapeutic nanofiber matrices that incorporate BGN and deliver DEX were demonstrated to promote odontogenesis of HDPCs, and the integrins, bone morphogenetic protein, and mTOR signaling pathways are proposed to be the possible molecular mechanisms. While further in vivo studies are still needed, the DEX-releasing bioactive scaffolds are considered as a potential therapeutic nanomatrix for regenerative endodontics and tissue engineering.

La noción de marriz relacional y sus implicacioes para el ejercicio clínico dee la psicología dinámcaa / The notion of relational matrix and its implications for the clinical practice of dynamic psychology

Este trabajo pretende conceptualizar las nociones de matriz relacional y matriz terapéutica como fundamentos del ejercicio de la clínica dinámica. El método seguido fue documental-crítico. Se concluye que (1) la psicología dinámica puede pensarse como escuela con estatuto propio dentro de la psicología; (2) el ser humano se hace sujeto gracias al mundo de relaciones que lo hacen ser (serelación); (3) por eso, el desarrollo psicológico se da en una matriz relacional y (4) la relación clínica se da dentro de una matriz terapéutica, la cual permite que el paciente reconfigure su mundo de relaciones consigo mismo, con el mundo y con los otros. Se plantean algunas implicaciones para el ejercicio clínico: en el concepto de intervención, de neutralidad técnica, de ética clínica y en dimensión narrativa en la clínica.

This paper's aim is the conceptualization of the notions of relational matrix and therapeutic matrix as the basis for the clinical practice of dynamic psychology. The method used was documentary and critical in nature. It is concluded that: (1) dynamic psychology can be thought of as a well-established school within psychology; (2) human beings become subjects thanks to the world of relationships that allow them to be (serelación), (3) this is why psychological development occurs within a relational matrix, while (4) the clinical relationship takes place within a therapeutic matrix that enables patients to reconfigure their world of relationships with themselves, with the world, and with the others. Some implications for clinical practice are proposed, namely the concept of intervention, technical neutrality, clinical ethics, and the narrative dimension in clinical practice.