Condrossarcoma gigante de corpo esternal: relato de caso / Giant chondrosarcoma of the sternal body: case report

Os tumores de parede torácicas são relativamente inusitados, representando 1 a 2% de todas as neoplasias, e cerca de 5% das neoplasias torácicas. Sarcomas são tumores raros e com apresentação heterogênea. São divididos em dois grandes grupos: tumores ósseos e de partes moles. A ocorrência na parede torácica é rara, representando 8% de todos os sarcomas. O tratamento de escolha é a ressecção com margens ampliadas e, quando ocorre a invasão de estruturas profundas, a toracectomia é indicada. A reconstrução do arcabouço ósseo é realizada com materiais de síntese, proporcionando estabilidade, e é seguida da reconstrução de partes moles com retalhos musculares, musculocutâneos ou locais ao acaso. Os tumores malignos primários da parede torácica correspondem a menos de 1% de todas as neoplasias e incluem grande variedade de lesões ósseas e de tecidos moles. Os condrossarcomas representam 20% dos tumores primários da parede torácica, sendo que 80% têm origem nas costelas e 20% no esterno.

Chest wall tumors are relatively uncommon, representing 1 to 2% of all neoplasms, and approximately 5% of thoracic neoplasms. Sarcomas are rare tumors with heterogeneous presentation. They are divided into two large groups: bone and soft tissue tumors. Occurrence in the chest wall is rare, representing 8% of all sarcomas. The treatment of choice is resection with wide margins and, when invasion of deep structures occurs, thoracotomy is indicated. The reconstruction of the bone framework is carried out with synthetic materials, providing stability, and is followed by the reconstruction of soft tissues with muscular, musculocutaneous, or random local flaps. Primary malignant tumors of the chest wall account for less than 1% of all neoplasms and include a wide variety of bone and soft tissue lesions. Chondrosarcomas represent 20% of primary tumors of the chest wall, with 80% originating in the ribs and 20% in the sternum.

Diagnostic value of transthoracic needle biopsy in lung tumors

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Thoracic ultrasonography is widely used in imaging peripheral lesions and invasive interventional procedures. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of thoracic ultrasonography-guided transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy and the factors affecting the diagnosis of peripheral tumoral lung lesions. METHODS: The lesion size, biopsy needle type, number of blocks, complications, and pathology results were compared in 83 patients between January 2015 and July 2018. The cases with pathological non-diagnosis and definite pathological diagnosis were determined. For the assessment of the factors affecting diagnosis, the size of the lesions and the biopsy needle type were evaluated. Biopsy preparations containing non-diagnostic atypical cells were referred to a cytopathologist. The effect of the cytopathological examination on the diagnosis was also evaluated. RESULTS: Pathological diagnosis was made in 66.3% of the cases; cell type could not be determined in 22.9% of the cases, and they were referred to a cytopathologist. After the cytopathologist's examination, the diagnosis rate increased to 80.7%. Diagnosis rates were higher when using tru-cut than Chiba and higher in cases with tumor size >2 cm than smaller. CONCLUSION: Thoracic ultrasonography-guided transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy is a preferred approach to the diagnosis of peripheral tumoral lung lesions, given its high diagnostic rate, in addition to being cheap, highly suitable for bedside use, and safe, and the lack of radiation exposure.

Clinical Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexican Patients with Thoracic Malignancies.

BACKGROUND: Accumulated evidence indicates that patients with lung cancer are a vulnerable population throughout the pandemic. Limited information is available in Latin America regarding the impact of the pandemic on medical care. The goal of this study was to describe the clinical and social effect of COVID-19 on patients with thoracic cancer and to ascertain outcomes in those with a confirmed diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cohort study included patients with thoracic neoplasms within a single institution between March 1, 2020, and February 28, 2021. All variables of interest were extracted from electronic medical records. During this period, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-2) was applied to evaluate and identify more common psychological disorders. RESULTS: The mean age for the total cohort (n = 548) was 61.5 ± 12.9 years; non-small cell lung cancer was the most frequent neoplasm (86.9%), advanced stages predominated (80%), and most patients were under active therapy (82.8%). Any change in treatment was reported in 23.9% of patients, of which 78.6% were due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Treatment delays (≥7 days) were the most frequent modifications in 41.9% of cases, followed by treatment suspension at 37.4%. Patients without treatment changes had a more prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.21, p < .001 and HR 0.28, p < .001, respectively). The mean DASS-21 score was 10.45 in 144 evaluated patients, with women being more affected than men (11.41 vs. 9.08, p < .001). Anxiety was reported in 30.5% of cases, followed by depression and distress in equal proportions (18%). Depressed and stressed patients had higher odds of experiencing delays in treatment than patients without depression (odds ratio [OR] 4.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53-13.23, p = .006 and OR 3.18, 95% CI 1.2-10.06, p = .006, respectively). CONCLUSION: Treatment adjustments in patients with thoracic malignancies often occurred to avoid COVID-19 contagion with detrimental effects on survival. Psychological disorders could have a role in adherence to the original treatment regimen. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The pandemic has placed an enormous strain on health care systems globally. Patients with thoracic cancers represent a vulnerable population, with increased morbidity and mortality rates. In Mexico, treatment modifications were common during the pandemic, and those who experienced delays had worse survival outcomes. Most treatment modifications were related to a patient decision rather than a lockdown of health care facilities in which mental health impairment plays an essential role. Moreover, the high case fatality rate highlights the importance of improving medical care access. Likewise, to develop strategies facing future threats that may compromise health care systems in non-developed countries.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for differentiating between benign and malignant thoracic lymph nodes: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in discriminating malignant from non-malignant thoracic lymph nodes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a meta-analysis involving systematic searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases up through April 2020. Studies reporting thoracic DWI and lymph node evaluation were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated. RESULTS: We evaluated six studies, involving a collective total of 356 mediastinal lymph nodes in 214 patients. Thoracic DWI had a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 92% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 71-98%) and 93% (95% CI: 79-98%), respectively. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 13.2 (95% CI: 4.0-43.8) and 0.09 (95% CI: 0.02-0.36), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio was 149 (95% CI: 18-1,243), and the AUC was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.98). CONCLUSION: DWI is a reproducible technique and has demonstrated high accuracy for differentiating between malignant and benign states in thoracic lymph nodes.

OBJETIVO: Uma meta-análise foi realizada para estabelecer o desempenho diagnóstico da ressonância magnética com imagem ponderada em difusão (DWI) na discriminação de linfonodos torácicos malignos de benignos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: MEDLINE, EMBASE e Web of Science foram sistematicamente pesquisados até abril de 2020. Foram incluídos estudos que relatavam o uso de DWI na avaliação de linfonodos torácicos. Sensibilidade, especificidade, razão de chances de diagnóstico, valores preditivos positivos e negativos e área sob a curva (AUC) foram calculados. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 356 linfonodos mediastinais de 214 pacientes nos seis estudos incluídos. DWI produziu sensibilidade e especificidade combinadas de 92% (intervalo de confiança 95% [IC 95%]: 71-98%) e 93% (IC 95%: 79-98%), respectivamente. A razão de verossimilhança positiva foi de 13,2 (IC 95%: 4,0-43,8), a razão de verossimilhança negativa foi de 0,09 (IC 95%: 0,02-0,36); A razão de chances de diagnóstico foi de 149 (IC 95%: 18-1.243). A DWI teve uma AUC de 0,97 (IC 95%: 0,95-0,98). CONCLUSÃO: DWI é uma técnica reprodutível que demonstrou alta acurácia na diferenciação de estados malignos e benignos nos linfonodos torácicos.

The role of the radiologist in the assessment of thoracic changes after radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy plays a central role in the palliative and curative treatment of neoplasms of the chest wall or intrathoracic structures. However, despite technical advances, radiotherapy can alter previously normal organs and tissues, those alterations presenting as various types of imaging findings. Post-radiation alterations must be promptly recognized by radiologists, in order to avoid confusion between complications of radiotherapy and the recurrence of a tumor. This pictorial essay aims to illustrate different thoracic changes after radiotherapy.

A radioterapia tem papel fundamental no tratamento curativo ou paliativo de neoplasias da parede torácica ou intratorácicas. No entanto, mesmo com o avanço das técnicas, órgãos e tecidos vizinhos podem ser acometidos e apresentar alterações que devem ser reconhecidas pelos radiologistas, de maneira a evitar confusão com recidiva das lesões inicialmente tratadas, ou mesmo com outras complicações do tratamento oncológico. O objetivo deste ensaio iconográfico é ilustrar as diferentes consequências torácicas da radioterapia.

The role of the radiologist in the assessment of thoracic changes after radiotherapy / O papel do radiologista na avaliação das alterações torácicas após radioterapia

Abstract Radiotherapy plays a central role in the palliative and curative treatment of neoplasms of the chest wall or intrathoracic structures. However, despite technical advances, radiotherapy can alter previously normal organs and tissues, those alterations presenting as various types of imaging findings. Post-radiation alterations must be promptly recognized by radiologists, in order to avoid confusion between complications of radiotherapy and the recurrence of a tumor. This pictorial essay aims to illustrate different thoracic changes after radiotherapy.

Resumo A radioterapia tem papel fundamental no tratamento curativo ou paliativo de neoplasias da parede torácica ou intratorácicas. No entanto, mesmo com o avanço das técnicas, órgãos e tecidos vizinhos podem ser acometidos e apresentar alterações que devem ser reconhecidas pelos radiologistas, de maneira a evitar confusão com recidiva das lesões inicialmente tratadas, ou mesmo com outras complicações do tratamento oncológico. O objetivo deste ensaio iconográfico é ilustrar as diferentes consequências torácicas da radioterapia.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for differentiating between benign and malignant thoracic lymph nodes: a meta-analysis / Ressonância magnética ponderada em difusão para a diferenciação entre linfonodos torácicos malignos de benignos: uma meta-análise

Abstract Objective: To establish the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in discriminating malignant from non-malignant thoracic lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: This was a meta-analysis involving systematic searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases up through April 2020. Studies reporting thoracic DWI and lymph node evaluation were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated. Results: We evaluated six studies, involving a collective total of 356 mediastinal lymph nodes in 214 patients. Thoracic DWI had a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 92% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 71-98%) and 93% (95% CI: 79-98%), respectively. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 13.2 (95% CI: 4.0-43.8) and 0.09 (95% CI: 0.02-0.36), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio was 149 (95% CI: 18-1,243), and the AUC was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.98). Conclusion: DWI is a reproducible technique and has demonstrated high accuracy for differentiating between malignant and benign states in thoracic lymph nodes.

Resumo Objetivo: Uma meta-análise foi realizada para estabelecer o desempenho diagnóstico da ressonância magnética com imagem ponderada em difusão (DWI) na discriminação de linfonodos torácicos malignos de benignos. Materiais e Métodos: MEDLINE, EMBASE e Web of Science foram sistematicamente pesquisados até abril de 2020. Foram incluídos estudos que relatavam o uso de DWI na avaliação de linfonodos torácicos. Sensibilidade, especificidade, razão de chances de diagnóstico, valores preditivos positivos e negativos e área sob a curva (AUC) foram calculados. Resultados: Foram encontrados 356 linfonodos mediastinais de 214 pacientes nos seis estudos incluídos. DWI produziu sensibilidade e especificidade combinadas de 92% (intervalo de confiança 95% [IC 95%]: 71-98%) e 93% (IC 95%: 79-98%), respectivamente. A razão de verossimilhança positiva foi de 13,2 (IC 95%: 4,0-43,8), a razão de verossimilhança negativa foi de 0,09 (IC 95%: 0,02-0,36); A razão de chances de diagnóstico foi de 149 (IC 95%: 18-1.243). A DWI teve uma AUC de 0,97 (IC 95%: 0,95-0,98). Conclusão: DWI é uma técnica reprodutível que demonstrou alta acurácia na diferenciação de estados malignos e benignos nos linfonodos torácicos.

"Deceiving appearances": intrapulmonary teratoma-a diagnostic challenge.

Intrapulmonary teratoma is a rare and little-known disease. The present case was that of an adolescent with recurrent cough and haemoptysis. Chest radiography revealed a mass on the left lung base, and computed tomography (CT) indicated a heterogeneous tumour with a fluid component, soft parts, fat, and calcifications in the left upper lobe. Upper left lobectomy was performed; histopathological findings confirmed a mature pulmonary teratoma.

Complicaciones postoperatorias y resultados clínicos en pacientes operados por cáncer torácico y gastrointestinal: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo / Postoperative complications and clinical outcomes among patients undergoing thoracic and gastrointestinal cancer surgery: A prospective cohort study

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de las complicaciones postoperatorias sobre los resultados clínicos en pacientes operados por cáncer torácico y gastrointestinal. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo de 179 pacientes consecutivos que fueron operados de tórax o vías digestivas por cáncer y admitidos en una unidad de cuidados intensivos oncológicos. Se evaluó la incidencia de las complicaciones postoperatorias mediante el Postoperative Morbidity Survey y su influencia sobre la mortalidad y estadía hospitalaria. Resultados: Se presentaron complicaciones postoperatorias en 54 sujetos (30,2%); las más frecuentes fueron las pulmonares (14,5%), el dolor (12,9%), las cardiovasculares (11,7%), las infecciosas (11,2%) y las de la herida quirúrgica (10,1%). En el análisis multivariado de regresión logística las complicaciones pulmonares (OR 18,68; IC95% 5,59 - 62,39; p < 0,0001), cardiovasculares (OR 5,06; IC95% 1,49 - 17,13; p = 0,009), gastrointestinales (OR 26,09; IC95% 6,80 - 100,16; p < 0,0001), infecciosas (OR 20,55; IC95% 5,99 - 70,56; p < 0,0001) y renales (OR 18,27; IC95% 3,88 - 83,35; p < 0,0001) se relacionaron de forma independiente con la mortalidad hospitalaria. La ocurrencia de al menos una complicación incrementó la probabilidad de permanecer hospitalizado (Log Rank test; p = 0,002). Conclusiones: Las complicaciones postoperatorias son trastornos frecuentes y asociados con malos resultados clínicos, por lo que se deben realizar cambios estructurales y de proceso para reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad postoperatorias.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study sought to determine the influence of postoperative complications on the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent thoracic and gastrointestinal cancer surgery. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted regarding 179 consecutive patients who received thorax or digestive tract surgery due to cancer and were admitted to an oncological intensive care unit. The Postoperative Morbidity Survey was used to evaluate the incidence of postoperative complications. The influence of postoperative complications on both mortality and length of hospital stay were also assessed. Results: Postoperative complications were found for 54 patients (30.2%); the most common complications were respiratory problems (14.5%), pain (12.9%), cardiovascular problems (11.7%), infectious disease (11.2%), and surgical wounds (10.1%). A multivariate logistic regression found that respiratory complications (OR = 18.68; 95%CI = 5.59 - 62.39; p < 0.0001), cardiovascular problems (OR = 5.06, 95%CI = 1.49 - 17.13; p = 0.009), gastrointestinal problems (OR = 26.09; 95%CI = 6.80 - 100.16; p < 0.0001), infectious diseases (OR = 20.55; 95%CI = 5.99 - 70.56; p < 0.0001) and renal complications (OR = 18.27; 95%CI = 3.88 - 83.35; p < 0.0001) were independently associated with hospital mortality. The occurrence of at least one complication increased the likelihood of remaining hospitalized (log-rank test, p = 0.002). Conclusions: Postoperative complications are frequent disorders that are associated with poor clinical outcomes; thus, structural and procedural changes should be implemented to reduce postoperative morbidity and mortality.

[Pleuropulmonary blastoma, case report]. / Blastoma pleuropulmonar. Caso clínico.

Pleuropulmonary blastoma is a rare lung tumor of childhood that can occur with cystic or solid lesions, as a radiological finding with or without respiratory symptoms. We report the case of a 2 year old toddler in his first pulmonary obstructive episode with suspected toracic malformation of the left upper lobe in his chest x-ray and tomography. Surgery was performed showing cystic malformation of the left upper lobe. We received the pathology report with diagnosis of type I pleuropulmonary blastoma. He began follow-up with Oncology initiating treatment with cyclophosphamide and vincristine, well tolerated. Currently, there is controversy about the management of congenital lung cysts, tilting the balance towards the surgical procedure because of serious difficulties in differentiating benign pulmonary cysts from pleuropulmonary blastoma without histopathologic review.

El blastoma pleuropulmonar es un tumor pulmonar raro de la infancia, que puede manifestarse con lesiones quísticas o sólidas, como un hallazgo radiológico o con clínica respiratoria. Presentamos el caso de un niño de 2 años de edad que consultó en su primer cuadro obstructivo con imagen sospechosa de malformación pulmonar en el lóbulo superior izquierdo en la radiografía y la tomografía de tórax. Se realizó cirugía, que evidenció una malformación quistica en el segmento ápico posterior del lóbulo superior izquierdo. Recibimos el informe de anatomía patológica con diagnóstico de blastoma pleuropulmonar tipo I. Comenzó el seguimiento por Oncología e inició el tratamiento con ciclofosfamida y vincristina, con buena tolerancia.

Blastoma pleuropulmonar: caso clínico / Pleuropulmonary blastoma: case report

El blastoma pleuropulmonar es un tumor pulmonar raro de la infancia, que puede manifestarse con lesiones quísticas o sólidas, como un hallazgo radiológico o con clínica respiratoria. Presentamos el caso de un niño de 2 años de edad que consultó en su primer cuadro obstructivo con imagen sospechosa de malformación pulmonar en el lóbulo superior izquierdo en la radiografía y la tomografía de tórax. Se realizó cirugía, que evidenció una malformación quistica en el segmento ápico posterior del lóbulo superior izquierdo. Recibimos el informe de anatomía patológica con diagnóstico de blastoma pleuropulmonar tipo I. Comenzó el seguimiento por Oncología e inició el tratamiento con ciclofosfamida y vincristina, con buena tolerancia.

Pleuropulmonary blastoma is a rare lung tumor of childhood that can occur with cystic or solid lesions, as a radiological finding with or without respiratory symptoms. We report the case of a 2 year old toddler in his first pulmonary obstructive episode with suspected toracic malformation of the left upper lobe in his chest x-ray and tomography. Surgery was performed showing cystic malformation of the left upper lobe. We received the pathology report with diagnosis of type I pleuropulmonary blastoma. He began follow-up with Oncology initiating treatment with cyclophosphamide and vincristine, well tolerated.

Utilización de placas costales de titanio en la reconstrucción de grandes defectos de la pared torácica postresección de tumores / Use of titanium ribs plates for reconstruction of large full-thickness thoracic wall defect after a tumor resection

La reconstrucción de grandes defectos de la pared torácica continúa siendo un tema controversial. Las complicaciones por este tipo de resecciones van de 46% a 69% con los antiguos materiales de osteosíntesis. La reciente incorporación del titanio, debido a que es inoxidable, químicamente inerte y que rápidamente se adapta a la forma de la pared torácica, lo hace un material ideal para este tipo de procedimientos. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de 54 años, portador de enfermedad de Von Recklinghausen, en el que se realiza resección de un tumor de la cara anterolateral derecha del tórax, que incluye cuatro arcos costales y sus correspondientes cartílagos reconstruyéndose con placas de titanio y malla de Prolene. El paciente evolucionó favorablemente en el posoperatorio, sin complicaciones. Este tipo de sistemas de osteosíntesis con placas de titanio MatrixRib® brindan un material seguro y con buenos resultados tanto funcionales como cosméticos.

Reconstruction of full thickness thoracic wall defects remains a controversial topic, with older osteosynthesis materials complication rates ranging from 46 to 69%. Recent introduction of titanium in the making of the plates, makes this material ideal for this type of procedures due to being stainless, chemically inert and the fact that the ribs adapt correctly to the thorax shape. We present the case of a 56 year old male, with Von Recklinghausen disease in whom we performed a resection of an anteroateral chest wall tumor, which included four costal arches and the corresponding cartilage. Reconstruction with titanum plates and prolene mesh was performed. The patient had no postoperative complications. This ostesynthesis system with titanium plates matrix rib provides both functional, safe and good cosmetic results.

A reconstrução de grandes defeitos da parede torácica continua sendo um tema controversial. As complicações por este tipo de ressecções variam entre 46% a 69% dos casos com os antigos materiais de osteosíntese. A recente incorporação do titânio, um material inoxidável, quimicamente inerte e que se adapta rapidamente à forma da parede torácica, faz com que seja um material ideal para este tipo de procedimentos. Apresenta-se o caso clínico de um paciente de 54 anos, portador de doença de Von Recklinghausen, que foi submetido à ressecção de um tumor da parede anterolateral direita do tórax, que incluiu quatro arcos costais e as correspondentes cartilagens e reconstrução com placas de titânio e malha de Prolene. O paciente teve uma evolução favorável no pós-operatório, sem complicações. Este tipo de sistemas de osteosíntese com placas de titânio MatrixRib® oferecem um material seguro com bons resultados tanto funcionais como cosméticos.

Utilización de placas costales de titanio en la reconstrucción de grandes defectos de la pared torácica postresección de tumores / Use of titanium ribs plates for reconstruction of large full-thickness thoracic wall defect after a tumor resection

La reconstrucción de grandes defectos de la pared torácica continúa siendo un tema controversial. Las complicaciones por este tipo de resecciones van de 46% a 69% con los antiguos materiales de osteosíntesis. La reciente incorporación del titanio, debido a que es inoxidable, químicamente inerte y que rápidamente se adapta a la forma de la pared torácica, lo hace un material ideal para este tipo de procedimientos. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de 54 años, portador de enfermedad de Von Recklinghausen, en el que se realiza resección de un tumor de la cara anterolateral derecha del tórax, que incluye cuatro arcos costales y sus correspondientes cartílagos reconstruyéndose con placas de titanio y malla de Prolene. El paciente evolucionó favorablemente en el posoperatorio, sin complicaciones. Este tipo de sistemas de osteosíntesis con placas de titanio MatrixRib® brindan un material seguro y con buenos resultados tanto funcionales como cosméticos.(AU)

Reconstruction of full thickness thoracic wall defects remains a controversial topic, with older osteosynthesis materials complication rates ranging from 46 to 69%. Recent introduction of titanium in the making of the plates, makes this material ideal for this type of procedures due to being stainless, chemically inert and the fact that the ribs adapt correctly to the thorax shape. We present the case of a 56 year old male, with Von Recklinghausen disease in whom we performed a resection of an anteroateral chest wall tumor, which included four costal arches and the corresponding cartilage. Reconstruction with titanum plates and prolene mesh was performed. The patient had no postoperative complications. This ostesynthesis system with titanium plates matrix rib provides both functional, safe and good cosmetic results.(AU)

A reconstrução de grandes defeitos da parede torácica continua sendo um tema controversial. As complicações por este tipo de ressecções variam entre 46% a 69% dos casos com os antigos materiais de osteosíntese. A recente incorporação do titânio, um material inoxidável, quimicamente inerte e que se adapta rapidamente à forma da parede torácica, faz com que seja um material ideal para este tipo de procedimentos. Apresenta-se o caso clínico de um paciente de 54 anos, portador de doença de Von Recklinghausen, que foi submetido à ressecção de um tumor da parede anterolateral direita do tórax, que incluiu quatro arcos costais e as correspondentes cartilagens e reconstrução com placas de titânio e malha de Prolene. O paciente teve uma evolução favorável no pós-operatório, sem complicações. Este tipo de sistemas de osteosíntese com placas de titânio MatrixRib® oferecem um material seguro com bons resultados tanto funcionais como cosméticos.(AU)

Síndrome de opsoclonus-mioclonus secundario a neuroblastoma torácico. Presentación de un caso clínico y discusión de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas / Syndrome thoracic neuroblastoma secondary to opsoclonus-myoclonus. Presentation of a case and discussion of new therapeutic strategies

El síndrome de opsoclonus-mioclonus o síndrome de Kinsbourne es un trastorno poco frecuente. El diagnóstico es clínico y se caracteriza por la presencia de opsoclonus, mioclonías, ataxia, irritabilidad y trastornos del sueño. En 45% de los casos se asocia con la presencia de neuroblastoma. Es un trastorno de origen inmunitario y sutratamiento es en base a inmunosupresores, inmunomoduladores y resección tumoral en los casos secundarios a neuroblastoma. Durante años los corticoides han sido el tratamiento gold standard, asociándose posteriormente la inmunoglobulina endovenosa. Sinembargo, dada la alta prevalencia de corticodependencia y de sus efectos adversos, así como el mal pronóstico neurológico (entre 70% y 80% de los casos pueden tener secuelas neurológicas: déficit cognitivo, alteraciones visuales, motoras, práxicas, del lenguaje y conductuales), las investigaciones en los últimos años se han centrado en la utilización de nuevos fármacos. Los últimos estudios publicados avalan el uso de la terapia multimodal con el agregado de un tercer fármaco como el rituximab o laciclofosfamida. Se presenta el caso clínico de un varón de 2 años y 4 meses con diagnóstico de síndrome deopsoclonus-mioclonus se cundario a un neuroblastomatorácico en el que se realizó la resección tumoral y tratamiento con corticoides, inmunoglobulina y ciclofosfamida. Presentó una recaída frente al descenso de los corticoides y, actualmente, al año y seis meses del diagnóstico bajo dosis bajas de corticoides tiene un retraso en la adquisición del lenguaje sin otros síntomas acompañantes...

Síndrome de opsoclonus-mioclonus secundario a neuroblastoma torácico. Presentación de un caso clínico y discusión de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas / Syndrome thoracic neuroblastoma secondary to opsoclonus-myoclonus. Presentation of a case and discussion of new therapeutic strategies

El síndrome de opsoclonus-mioclonus o síndrome de Kinsbourne es un trastorno poco frecuente. El diagnóstico es clínico y se caracteriza por la presencia de opsoclonus, mioclonías, ataxia, irritabilidad y trastornos del sueño. En 45% de los casos se asocia con la presencia de neuroblastoma. Es un trastorno de origen inmunitario y sutratamiento es en base a inmunosupresores, inmunomoduladores y resección tumoral en los casos secundarios a neuroblastoma. Durante años los corticoides han sido el tratamiento gold standard, asociándose posteriormente la inmunoglobulina endovenosa. Sinembargo, dada la alta prevalencia de corticodependencia y de sus efectos adversos, así como el mal pronóstico neurológico (entre 70% y 80% de los casos pueden tener secuelas neurológicas: déficit cognitivo, alteraciones visuales, motoras, práxicas, del lenguaje y conductuales), las investigaciones en los últimos años se han centrado en la utilización de nuevos fármacos. Los últimos estudios publicados avalan el uso de la terapia multimodal con el agregado de un tercer fármaco como el rituximab o laciclofosfamida. Se presenta el caso clínico de un varón de 2 años y 4 meses con diagnóstico de síndrome deopsoclonus-mioclonus se cundario a un neuroblastomatorácico en el que se realizó la resección tumoral y tratamiento con corticoides, inmunoglobulina y ciclofosfamida. Presentó una recaída frente al descenso de los corticoides y, actualmente, al año y seis meses del diagnóstico bajo dosis bajas de corticoides tiene un retraso en la adquisición del lenguaje sin otros síntomas acompañantes

Actinomicose pulmonar na forma pseudotumoral: uma apresentação rara / Pulmonary actinomycosis as a pseudotumor: a rare presentation

Algumas patologias pulmonares apresentam-se como verdadeiros desafios diagnósticos devido às suas diversas formas de apresentação. A actinomicose é uma dessas patologias, podendo atingir diversos órgãos e sistemas. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente com a forma pseudotumoral pulmonar da doença, cujo seu diagnóstico geralmente só é realizado através de toracotomia ou toracoscopia.

Some lung diseases are true diagnostic challenges due to their various clinical presentations. Actinomycosis is one such disease, potentially affecting various organs and systems. We report the case of a patient with pulmonary actinomycosis as a pseudotumor, which is usually only diagnosed by thoracotomy or thoracoscopy.