From an Open Bite to a Harmonious Smile: Orthodontic Intervention With Bluegrass Appliance and Tongue Thrust Resolution.

The tongue-thrusting habit significantly contributes to the development of the anterior open bite (AOB), particularly when an infantile swallowing pattern persists into the later stages of childhood and adolescence. This habit results in the protrusion of the anterior teeth. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying causes, incorporating retraining exercises, and utilizing mechanical appliances to control tongue positioning. However, commonly used devices such as palatal cribs or spurs may present challenges, including speech impediments, chewing difficulties, and the potential for unintended injuries. This paper presents a case report detailing the treatment of a patient with an AOB, dental protrusion, and spacing. The treatment approach included the application of a fixed tongue trainer, in the form of a modified bluegrass appliance. Subsequent fixed orthodontic therapy was employed to rectify proclined teeth within the dental arch.

A Modified Tongue Crib Appliance for Correction of Tongue Thrusting.

Digit sucking and tongue thrusting are parafunctional habits that are commonly observed and are recognized as major etiological factors in the development of dental malocclusion. Treatment for these oral habits typically involves removal of the etiology, retraining exercises, and use of mechanical restraining appliances. A 13-year-old male patient reported a complaint of forwardly placed upper front teeth. The extraoral examination of the patient showed a convex profile, good facial symmetry, acute nasolabial angle, incompetent lips at rest, and a shallow mentolabial sulcus. Intraoral examination showed class I molar and canine relations on either side, a mild open bite tendency, a midline diastema, proclined upper and lower anteriors, an increased overjet, and tongue thrusting habit. A modification to the tongue crib was made by adding an acrylic bead in the center of the crib. The patient was trained to roll the bead posteriorly with the aim of retraining the tongue to posture away from the front teeth. Harmful forces of the tongue can result in excessive posterior teeth eruption, open bite, and increased overjet. Duration of appliance wear and type of appliance used are important considerations in treating patients with tongue thrust or open bite. A modified tongue crib was used for six months resulting in significant improvement in maxillary anterior dentition position, lip competence, arch forms, overbite, and midline diastema closure. A tongue crib is a useful tool for addressing tongue thrusting and digit-sucking behaviors by retraining the related muscles, providing physical restraint, and serving as a reminder to break the habit. It can be used in conjunction with a fixed appliance to improve its effectiveness.

Bruxism in awake dogs as a clinical sign of forebrain disease: 4 cases.

BACKGROUND: Bruxism is a repetitive masticatory muscle activity characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth, or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible, or both. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether bruxism in awake dogs could be associated with brain lesions. ANIMALS: Four dogs with episodic bruxism in the awake state. METHODS: Observational retrospective single-center case series. Inclusion criteria were dogs examined between 2010 and 2021 with episodic bruxism as a presenting complaint or observed during the examination or hospitalization, complete medical records and magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography of the brain. Bruxism during epileptic seizures as oroalimentary automatism was an exclusion criterion. RESULTS: Four dogs met the inclusion criteria. Two dogs had bruxism while awake as a presenting complaint, whereas in the remaining 2 it was a clinical finding. All dogs had neuroanatomical localization consistent with a forebrain lesion, with diencephalic involvement in 3/4. The diagnostic evaluation was consistent with neoplasia (n = 2) and meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (n = 2), in 1 case accompanied by corpus callosum abnormality affecting the forebrain, in 3 dogs advanced imaging findings were suggestive of increased intracranial pressure. All dogs were euthanized. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Our results suggest that the presence of bruxism in the awake state associated with other neurological deficits might indicate a forebrain lesion.

Adjustable tongue crib.

Thumb sucking and tongue thrusting habits are mostly counteracted and rehabilitated using a tongue crib. Most patients find the conventional crib difficult (due to its position and length) in the initial days of treatment and become uncooperative. Hence, few modifications are made to the traditional design of the tongue crib for easy adjustment of the crib height and angulation, which provides comfort to the patient.

Dentoalveolar changes observed after the use of customized bonded Shark-Tooth-Like Spurs (JAWs) in adult patients with anterior open bite

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tongue spurs have been successfully used for the early treatment of anterior open bite (AOB). However, according to our knowledge, their effectiveness in the treatment of adults has not been evaluated. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to assess the dentoalveolar changes observed after the use of customized bonded shark-tooth-like spurs (JAWs) in adults with AOB. Methods: Twenty-three adults (22.1±4.4 years) with AOB were selected for the treatment. JAWs made from compomer cement were bonded on the lingual surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth to correct tongue-thrusting. Lateral cephalograms and 3D digital models were obtained to evaluate dentoalveolar features observed before and at three time points after JAWs use. Paired t-test and repeated measure ANOVA tests were used to compare dentoalveolar changes, and Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the association of dentoalveolar changes and overbite changes. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Significant 3D dentoalveolar changes were observed after the three months of treatment with JAWs. Improvement of overbite (1.0±0.6 mm) and overjet (0.2±0.3 mm), combined with a retroclination of maxillary (3.0±3.0°) and mandibular (2.2±2.7°) incisors, were observed (p<0.05). Moreover, a significant decrease in anterior dental arch width in both maxillary and mandibular arches (0.4±0.4 mm; 0.3±0.3 mm, respectively), and an increase of posterior maxillary (0.1±0.2 mm) dental arch width were observed (p<0.05). These significant changes occurred in the first month after the JAWs use. A significant correlation was found between the initial arch length discrepancy and the amount of overbite correction (r=0.456, p<0.05). Conclusions: Dentoalveolar changes occurred after the first-month therapy with JAWs. The retroclination of the anterior teeth combined with the expansion of posterior teeth suggests a posterosuperior change in the tongue position. These changes were beneficial for the treatment of AOB in adult patients.

RESUMO Introdução: Esporões linguais têm sido utilizados com sucesso para o tratamento precoce da mordida aberta anterior (MAA). No entanto, de acordo com nosso conhecimento, sua efetividade no tratamento em adultos ainda não foi avaliada. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as mudanças dentoalveolares observadas após o uso de esporões colados customizados JAWs (tipo dente de tubarão) em adultos com MAA. Métodos: Vinte e três adultos (idade média de 22,1±4,4 anos) com MAA foram selecionados para tratamento. Esporões confeccionados de compômero foram colados na superfície lingual dos dentes anteriores superiores e inferiores, para corrigir a interposição lingual. Radiografias laterais e modelos digitais 3D foram obtidos para avaliar as características dentoalveolares observadas antes do uso dos esporões e em três tempos distintos após seu uso. O testet pareado e testes ANOVA para medições repetidas foram utilizados para comparar as mudanças dentoalveolares, e a correlação de Pearson foi utilizada para analisar a associação entre as mudanças dentoalveolares e as mudanças na sobremordida. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em p<0,05. Resultados: Foram observadas mudanças dentoalveolares 3D significativas após três meses de tratamento com os esporões. Foram observadas melhorias na sobremordida (1,0±0,6 mm) e sobressaliência (0,2±0,3 mm), associadas à retroinclinação dos incisivos superiores (3,0±3,0°) e inferiores (2,2±2,7°) (p<0,05). Além disso, foi observada diminuição significativa na largura anterior das arcadas superior e inferior (0,4±0,4 mm; 0,3±0,3 mm, respectivamente) e um aumento na largura posterior da arcada dentária superior (0,1±0,2 mm) (p<0,05). Essas mudanças significativas ocorreram no primeiro mês após o uso dos esporões. Foi encontrada uma correlação significativa entre a discrepância inicial no comprimento da arcada e a quantidade de correção da sobremordida (r=0,456, p<0,05). Conclusões: Mudanças dentoalveolares ocorreram após o primeiro mês de tratamento com os esporões. A retroinclinação dos dentes anteriores combinada com a expansão dos dentes posteriores sugere uma mudança posterossuperior na posição da língua. Essas mudanças foram benéficas para o tratamento da MAA em pacientes adultos.

[Unity and separation of lifting-thrusting and twirling reinforcing-reducing manipulation].

To analyze the collaborative use and separation reasons of lifting-thrusting and twirling reinforcing and reducing manipulation. Lifting-thrusting manipulation and twirling manipulation are two important contents of acupuncture methods. In traditional acupuncture and moxibustion, the two methods were used in reinforcing and reducing concert, which was mainly related to the therapeutic thought guided by the qi-blood theory and the influence of the human body structure on the technique manipulation. After the Republic of China, the separation of lifting-thrusting manipulation and twirling manipulation gradually appeared. It was related to the widespread use of "scientific acupuncture method" in later generations and the integration of neuroscience into the acupuncture treatment system.

Painful and non-painful symptoms evoked by experimental bracing and thrusting of the mandible in healthy individuals.

BACKGROUND: Bruxism may involve bracing and thrusting of the mandible, in addition to clenching or grinding of the teeth. It is unclear how bracing and thrusting may contribute to potential musculoskeletal symptoms associated with bruxism. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of experimental bracing and thrusting of the mandible on the development of musculoskeletal symptoms in healthy volunteers. METHODS: Thirty healthy volunteers performed six trials of 5 min of repeated bracing and thrusting of the mandible. Bracing involved forcefully maintaining maximum protruded position (5 s with 1 s rest in between), whereas thrusting involved forcefully moving the mandible in a forward direction and back (1 Hz). The participants rated pain, unpleasantness, soreness, fatigue, tension, stiffness, stress and headache on 10-cm visual analogue scales (VAS) before, immediately and 24 h after the tasks. Pain drawings were obtained and maximum voluntary protrusive force (MVPF) was determined before and after the tasks. The outcome parameters for each task were compared between the time points. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the VAS scores (2-4/10) of pain, unpleasantness, soreness, fatigue, tension, stiffness and stress immediately following the tasks compared to baseline and 24 h after the tasks (p < .008). Pain was frequently reported in masseter muscles. MVPF values were significantly higher immediately (p < .001) and 24 h after thrusting (p < .001) and bracing (p = .012) tasks compared to the baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Experimental bracing and thrusting of the mandible evoked transient, mild-to-moderate levels of muscle pain, fatigue, tension and stiffness and increased unpleasantness and stress scores in healthy volunteers.

Unity and separation of lifting-thrusting and twirling reinforcing-reducing manipulation / 中国针灸

To analyze the collaborative use and separation reasons of lifting-thrusting and twirling reinforcing and reducing manipulation. Lifting-thrusting manipulation and twirling manipulation are two important contents of acupuncture methods. In traditional acupuncture and moxibustion, the two methods were used in reinforcing and reducing concert, which was mainly related to the therapeutic thought guided by the

Copulatory Dyskinesia: Pathognomonic Manifestation of Tardive Dyskinesia.

Background: Copulatory or pelvic thrusting dyskinesia is a subtype of tardive dyskinesia (TD) which is caused by exposure to dopamine blocking agents. Phenomenology shown: A man exhibiting rhythmic, stereotypical pelvic thrusting movements. Educational value: Recognition of copulatory dyskinesia as a distinctive iatrogenic disorder helps prevent unnecessary investigations and guides the implementation of corrective strategies.

[Summary and core technique on the origin and evolution of reinforcing-reducing manipulation achieved by lifting and thrusting the needle].

By analyzing the evolution of reinforcing-reducing manipulation achieved by lifting and thrusting the needle recorded in ancient literature of traditional Chinese medicine, it is found that the main contents of reinforcing-reducing manipulation by lifting and thrusting the needle include manipulating speed change, manual amplitude, insertion layer, gender, the direction to the acupuncture receiver, forenoon and afternoon and relevant quantity. Among them, gender, the direction to the acupuncture receiver, forenoon and afternoon and relevant quantity are the unnecessary parameters, while the manipulating speed change, manual amplitude and insertion layer are the indispensable parameters. The manipulating speed change is the core of the necessary parameters for the reinforcing-reducing manipulation achieved by lifting and thrusting the needle. Combined with the manual amplitude, the manipulating speed of needle determines the volume of needling stimulation. The insertion layer is decided on the base of the clinical demand. In the core technique of reinforcing-reducing manipulation by lifting and thrusting the needle, the reinforcing is achieved by thrusting the needle forcefully and quickly and then lifting the needle body slowly and evenly back to the original layer. The reducing is achieved by lifting the needle forcefully and quickly and then thrusting the needle body slowly and evenly back to the original layer. The manipulating speed and manual amplitude of needling are the parameters to quantize acupuncture manipulation. In association with the acupuncture effects in human body, these parameters contribute to the interpretation of the dose-effect relationship of acupuncture and the improvement of clinical effects.

Summary and core technique on the origin and evolution of reinforcing-reducing manipulation achieved by lifting and thrusting the needle / 中国针灸

By analyzing the evolution of reinforcing-reducing manipulation achieved by lifting and thrusting the needle recorded in ancient literature of traditional Chinese medicine, it is found that the main contents of reinforcing-reducing manipulation by lifting and thrusting the needle include manipulating speed change, manual amplitude, insertion layer, gender, the direction to the acupuncture receiver, forenoon and afternoon and relevant quantity. Among them, gender, the direction to the acupuncture receiver, forenoon and afternoon and relevant quantity are the unnecessary parameters, while the manipulating speed change, manual amplitude and insertion layer are the indispensable parameters. The manipulating speed change is the core of the necessary parameters for the reinforcing-reducing manipulation achieved by lifting and thrusting the needle. Combined with the manual amplitude, the manipulating speed of needle determines the volume of needling stimulation. The insertion layer is decided on the base of the clinical demand. In the core technique of reinforcing-reducing manipulation by lifting and thrusting the needle, the reinforcing is achieved by thrusting the needle forcefully and quickly and then lifting the needle body slowly and evenly back to the original layer. The reducing is achieved by lifting the needle forcefully and quickly and then thrusting the needle body slowly and evenly back to the original layer. The manipulating speed and manual amplitude of needling are the parameters to quantize acupuncture manipulation. In association with the acupuncture effects in human body, these parameters contribute to the interpretation of the dose-effect relationship of acupuncture and the improvement of clinical effects.

Elicitation of Differential Responses in the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita to Tomato Root Exudate Cytokinin, Flavonoids, and Alkaloids.

Root exudates of plants mediate interactions with a variety of organisms in the rhizosphere, including root-knot nematodes (RKNs, Meloidogyne spp.) We investigated the responses of the motile stage second-stage juveniles (J2s) of Meloidogyne incognita to non-volatile components identified in the root exudate of tomato. Using stylet thrusting, chemotaxis assays, and chemical analysis, we identified specific metabolites in the root exudate that attract and repel J2s. Liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of bioactive fractions obtained from the root exudate revealed a high diversity of compounds, of which five were identified as the phytohormone zeatin (cytokinin), the flavonoids quercetin and luteolin, and alkaloids solasodine and tomatidine. In stylet thrusting and chemotaxis assays, the five compounds elicited concentration-dependent responses in J2s relative to 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (negative control) and methyl salicylate (positive control). These results indicate that J2 herbivory is influenced by root exudate chemistry and concentrations of specific compounds, which may have potential applications in RKN management.

[Evolution of filiform needle insertion methods in multi-edition of Acupuncture and Moxibustion].

This paper reviewed the filiform needle insertionmethods in multi-edition of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, explored its evolution and reasons, and analyzed its development trend. By referring multi-edition of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and related literature regarding acupuncture manipulation published after 1940s, combined with acupuncture manipulation characteristics of modern and contemporary acupuncture masters, it was found that the definition of needle insertion methods needed to be improved after several changes. The classification of needle insertion methods was stable over development. The thrusting method of needle insertion was previously included, and then disappeared. The description of needle insertion methods was improving. These evolutions were mainly influenced by the academic and clinical background, the academic thought of writers and acupuncture masters, the internationalization and standardization of acupuncture and so on. The twist-inserting method and some other needle-inserting instrument meet the safe, sterile, painless and convenient development trend, which might be included in Acupuncture and Moxibustion in the future.

Factors Associated to Apical Root Resorption after Orthodontic Treatment.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the possible factors associated to root resorption, common to daily clinical orthodontics, especially parafunctional habits. METHODS: A retrospective study of 600 patients (308 females and 292 males) previously treated orthodontically was conducted. The sample was divided into two groups related to the degree of root resorption at the ending of treatment according to Malmgren. Group 1 comprised 507 patients with a mean initial age of 14.21 years and who had absent or mild final external root resorption, characterized by grades 0, 1 and 2 of root resorption; Group 2 comprised 93 patients with initial mean age of 14.57 years and who had moderate or severe root resorption, characterized by grade 3 and 4. The groups were then compared in terms of age at the beginning and ending of the treatment, treatment time, gender, type of treatment (with and without extractions), parafunctional habits (bruxism, onychophagia, the habit of biting objects, tongue thrusting habit and thumb sucking habit), allergies and pretreatment root resorption. RESULTS: The results show that the initial age, gender, type of malocclusion, parafunctional habits and allergies do not represent a statistically significant risk of root resorption. CONCLUSION: Treatment time and type (with and without extractions) and the presence of external root resorption at the beginning of the treatment showed significant differences.

Evolution of filiform needle insertion methods in multi-edition of / 中国针灸

This paper reviewed the filiform needle insertionmethods in multi-edition of , explored its evolution and reasons, and analyzed its development trend. By referring multi-edition of and related literature regarding acupuncture manipulation published after 1940s, combined with acupuncture manipulation characteristics of modern and contemporary acupuncture masters, it was found that the definition of needle insertion methods needed to be improved after several changes. The classification of needle insertion methods was stable over development. The thrusting method of needle insertion was previously included, and then disappeared. The description of needle insertion methods was improving. These evolutions were mainly influenced by the academic and clinical background, the academic thought of writers and acupuncture masters, the internationalization and standardization of acupuncture and so on. The twist-inserting method and some other needle-inserting instrument meet the safe, sterile, painless and convenient development trend, which might be included in in the future.

Three-dimensional alteration of constricted alveolar ridge affected by root thrusting with and without open-flap decortication.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the morphometric and histological alterations of the constricted alveolar ridge when affected by root thrusting with and without open-flap decortication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight beagles were divided into three groups: C, control without root thrusting; R, root thrusting only; RD, root thrusting with alveolar decortication. The ridge constriction model was prepared in 16 mandibular quadrants after extraction of the third premolars. Reciprocal root thrusting of the second and fourth premolars was performed toward the constricted ridge for 10 weeks, having a moment of 900 g-mm. Open-flap decortication was conducted on the constricted bone surface in group RD. Micro-CT-based histomorphometric analysis and trichrome-staining-based tissue fractional analysis were performed to evaluate morphometric and microstructural changes on the ridge. RESULTS: Group R revealed a higher percentage of bone volume (P < .001), lower bone mineral density (P < .01), and higher trabecular number (P < .001) than did group C, which was supported by a higher bone fraction woven to lamellar bone (P < .05) resulting from histologic fractional analysis. However, group RD showed no significant difference from group C. CONCLUSIONS: Root thrusting toward the constricted ridge induced hypertrophic bone modeling with a high trabecular fraction on the ridge. However, combined open-flap decortication with root thrusting did not improve the volume or quality of the constricted ridge.

Study on Quantification and Classification of Acupuncture Lifting-thrusting Manipulations on the Basis of Motion Video and Self-organizing Feature Map Neural Network / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To obtain the classification and characteristics of acupuncture manipulations by analyzing teacher's lifting-thrusting manipulation parameters derived from Germany-made Simi Motion 3D image analysis system using self-organizing feature map neural network (SOM). Method Thirty acupuncture teachers were selected for the study. Unilateral Quchi (LI11) was used as a point for acupuncture. A motion video of lifting-thrusting even reinforcing-reducing, reinforcing and reducing manipulations was made. The video was analyzed using Simi Motion 3D image analysis system to obtain original motion parameters at thumb tip tracking mark point. Teacher's manipulation classification parameters were analyzed using SOM. Result Acupuncture manipulation parameters showed nonnormal distribution with larger dispersion. Even reinforcing-reducing and reinforcing manipulations could be classified into four types and reducing manipulation, into five types. The characteristics of every type showed general concentration degree. Conclusion Acupuncture manipulation parameters overall showed the diversity characteristics of nonnormal distribution and are typical artificial control curve. They have the characteristic of lower concentration degree of neural network classification. Their classification is mainly based on curve shape and cycle length and related to the degree of difficulty of manipulation. This technique can be applied to the quantitative analysis of various manipulationsand the study of technical inheritance and provide reference for the standardization of acupuncture manipulation.

Observation on the Efficacy of Acupuncture at Xinming Points plus Strong Reinforcing Manipulation in Treating Optic Atrophy / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at Xinming points (Extra) plus strong rein-forcing mani- pulation in treating optic atrophy.Methods Forty (56 eyes) optic atrophy patients were randomly allocated to a treatment group of 20 cases (29 eyes) and a control group of 20 cases (27 eyes). The control group received conventional medications, and the treatment group received acupuncture at Xinming points (Extra) plus strong reinforcing manipulation in addition. The visual acuity, the mean visual sensitivity (MS) of visual field and the P100 wave latency of P-VEP were recorded in the two groups before and after the treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.Results The visual acuity, the MS of visual field and the P100 wave latency of P-VEP were significantly changed after treatment in both two groups (P<0.05). After the treatment, there were statistically significant differences in the visual acuity, the MS of visual field and the P100 wave latency of P-VEP between the two groups (P<0.05). The total efficacy rate was 75.0% in the treatment group versus 35.0% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusions Acupuncture at Xinming points (Extra) plus strong reinforcing manipulation is an effective method for optic atrophy.

Prevalence of Oral Habits among Eleven to Thirteen Years Old Children in Jaipur.

AIM: Oral habits that are prevalent well beyond the normal age frequently result in facial deformity and malocclusions. The aim of the present study was to know the prevalence of oral habits in 11 to 13 years old children of Jaipur city. METHODOLOGY: The study included 1,000 children of age 11 to 13 years, belonging to different government and private schools of Jaipur city who were screened for any deleterious habits at their school site. The statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test. RESULTS: The result showed that 18% children had a habit of tongue thrusting, 17% mouth breathing and 3% nail biting. Sex-wise prevalence showed 18% females had oral habits and 20% of male had oral habit. CONCLUSION: The distribution of children aged 11 to 13 years having oral habits was evaluated with tongue thrusting being most prevalent and exhibiting minimal sexual predilection. How to cite this article: Sharma S, Bansal A, Asopa K. Prevalence of Oral Habits among Eleven to Thirteen Years Old Children in Jaipur. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(3):208-210.