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1.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 17: e20230004, 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514052

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: CBF measured with Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) obtained by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) may become an important biomarker by showing changes in early stages of AD, such as in the prodromal stage of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Objective: Verify the correlation between atrophy and CBF in patients with MCI and mild phase ADD, to demonstrate whether changes in CBF can be considered as vascular biomarkers in the diagnosis of the DA continuum. Methods: 11 healthy volunteers, 16 MCI and 15 mild ADD were evaluated. Images of the brain were acquired, including CBF measured with Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL). Results: When comparing MCI with control, a reduction in normalized CBF was observed in left posterior cingulate (estimated difference -0.38; p=0.02), right posterior cingulate (estimated difference -0.45; p=0.02) and right precuneus (estimated difference -0.28; p <0.01); also increase in normalized CBF in right upper temporal pole (estimated difference 0.22; p=0.03). It was also observed that in MCI, the smaller the gray matter volume, the smaller the CBF in the left posterior cingulate; as well as the greater the cerebrospinal fluid volume, consequent to the encephalic volumetric reduction associated with atrophy, the greater the CBF in the right superior temporal pole. When comparing controls, MCI and mild AD, in relation to the other variables, no other correlations were observed between CBF and atrophy. Conclusion: In patients with MCI, the reduction of CBF in the left posterior cingulate correlated with gray matter atrophy, as well as the increase of CBF in the right upper temporal pole correlated with an increase in cerebrospinal fluid consequent to the encephalic volumetric reduction associated with atrophy, demonstrating the influence of CBF in AD related brain atrophy. These findings position CBF as a possible vascular biomarker for early-stage AD diagnoses.


RESUMO: A imagem por ressonância magnética (IRM) pode se tornar um importante biomarcador ao mostrar alterações nos estágios iniciais da doença de Alzheimer (DA). Objetivo: Sendo a atrofia cerebral um importante biomarcador de neurodegeneração na DA, o presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar se há correlação entre atrofia e fluxo sanguíneo cerebral (FSC) em pacientes com diagnóstico de CCL e demência da doença de Alzheimer (DDA) leve, com o objetivo de revelar se as alterações no FSC podem ser consideradas possíveis biomarcadores vasculares no diagnóstico do continuum da DA. Métodos: Foram avaliados 11 voluntários saudáveis, 16 CCL e 15 DDA leve. Imagens do cérebro foram adquiridas em um equipamento de 3 T, incluindo imagens ponderadas em T1 de alta resolução para avaliação anatômica e Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) para a quantificação de FSC. Resultados: Quando comparado CCL com controle, observou-se redução no FSC normalizado em cingulado posterior esquerdo (diferença estimada de -0,38; p=0,02), cingulado posterior direito (diferença estimada de -0,45; p=0,02) e precúneo direito (diferença estimada de -0,28; p <0,01); e aumento de FSC normalizado no polo temporal superior direito (diferença estimada de 0,22; p=0,03). No CCL, quanto menor o volume da substância cinzenta, menor o FSC no cingulado posterior esquerdo; quanto maior o volume de fluido cerebroespinhal, consequente à redução volumétrica encefálica, maior o FSC no polo temporal superior direito. Conclusão: Nos pacientes com diagnóstico de CCL, a redução de FSC no cingulado posterior esquerdo apresentou correlação com atrofia da substância cinzenta, assim como o aumento de FSC no polo temporal superior direito apresentou correlação com o aumento de fluido cerebroespinhal, demonstrando a provável influência do FSC na atrofia encefálica relacionada à DA.


Assuntos
Humanos
2.
J. Transcatheter Interv ; 31: eA202304, 2023. ilus; tab
Artigo em Inglês, Português | LILACS, CONASS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1523122

RESUMO

Na atualidade, as intervenções coronárias percutâneas com implante de um stent farmacológico constituem o principal método de revascularização miocárdica em centros hospitalares terciários, independentemente da forma clínica de apresentação da doença arterial coronária. É de conhecimento geral que, para sua efetivação, há necessidade do uso de um esquema antiplaquetário duplo, constituído pela associação do ácido acetilsalicílico e um inibidor dos receptores plaquetários P2Y12, que é o cerne da prevenção das tromboses após implantes das endopróteses, sendo também indicado para prevenir a ocorrência de eventos aterotrombóticos na evolução clínica tardia, qualquer que seja o modelo de stent utilizado. Após período variável de tempo, independentemente de fatores como forma clínica de apresentação da coronariopatia e do tipo de stent implantado, esse esquema é interrompido, e, na atualidade, as principais diretrizes preconizam a suspensão do inibidor dos receptores P2Y12 e a manutenção do ácido acetilsalicílico em longo prazo como uma das principais medidas farmacológicas de prevenção secundária da aterosclerose. No entanto, recentemente, em razão de sua maior potência antiplaquetária e provável menor potencial de causar hemorragias significantes, em especial no tubo digestivo, os inibidores P2Y12 têm sido considerados alternativa válida e atraente como antiplaquetário de utilização em longo prazo, alternativa ainda não referendada pelas diretrizes. Esta revisão discute os pormenores relacionados a essa importante decisão que deve ser tomada pelo cardiologista no momento da interrupção dos diferentes esquemas antitrombóticos inicialmente utilizados após uma intervenção coronária percutânea. Em princípio, a escassez de estudos clínicos conclusivos e normativos, em especial na população tratada por meio de uma intervenção percutânea, faz com que o ácido acetilsalicílico ainda se mantenha como o único antiagregante plaquetário com indicação classe I com a finalidade de prevenção secundária da aterosclerose.


Currently, percutaneous coronary intervention with a drug-eluting stent implantation is the main method of myocardial revascularization in tertiary care hospitals, regardless of the clinical presentation of coronary artery disease. It is well known that to be effective, it requires the use of a dual antiplatelet therapy, which is a combination of acetylsalicylic acid and a P2Y12 platelet receptor inhibitor, which plays a key role in preventing thromboses after endoprosthesis implantation and is also indicated to prevent atherothrombotic events in the late clinical course, regardless of the stent model used. After a variable period of time, depending on some factors, such as the clinical presentation of coronary artery disease and the type of stent implanted, this therapy is discontinued, and the main current guidelines recommend interrupting the P2Y12 receptor inhibitor and maintaining acetylsalicylic acid in the long term, as one of the main pharmacological measures for secondary prevention of atherosclerosis. However, recently, due to their greater antiplatelet potency and probable lower potential for significant bleeding, especially in the digestive tract, P2Y12 inhibitors have been considered a valid and attractive option as an antiplatelet agent for long-term use; but this alternative has not been endorsed by guidelines yet. This review discusses the details related to this important decision that must be made by cardiologists when discontinuing the different antithrombotic therapies initially used after percutaneous coronary intervention. In principle, the scarcity of conclusive and normative clinical studies, especially in the population treated by percutaneous intervention, means that acetylsalicylic acid is the only antiplatelet agent with class I indication for secondary prevention of atherosclerosis.

3.
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) ; 70(3): 226-229, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35228386

RESUMO

Quantitative proton NMR (qHNMR) methodology was employed for the stoichiometric (free base and the corresponding counterion) assessment of a ticagrelor process impurity, also referred to in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), Pharmacopeial Forum as Ticagrelor Related Compound A (RC A), [(1R,2S)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)cyclopropan-1-amine (R)-mandelate], also called as Tica amine mandelate, a critical impurity that, when present during manufacturing, has a limit of not more than 0.0008%. The Tica amine is also a listed impurity E in the Ticagrelor monograph, in European Pharmacopeia. Because there was no existing NMR spectroscopic method in the literature specific to quantify the counterion (mandelic acid) in Ticagrelor RC A, this study aimed to fill the gap. Accurate stoichiometric measurement of this impurity serves to enhance product quality in the manufacturing of the ticagrelor active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Using ethylene carbonate as an internal standard (IS), the qHNMR analysis on Ticagrelor impurity, revealed many key characteristics of the test mixture composition, including (free base and counterion). The results demonstrate that qHNMR has great potential for addressing several key quality attributes associated with chemical analyses such as detection, identification, quantification, and purity determination, as well as deriving molecular stoichiometry, all from the single proton spectrum.


Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Contaminação de Medicamentos , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Padrões de Referência , Ticagrelor
4.
Acta odontol. latinoam ; 34(1): 27-34, Apr. 2021. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1284931

RESUMO

ABSTRACT The risk of fracture or strain in mini-screws is higher if diameter, length, type of alloy or insertion angle is selected inappropriately. The aims of this study were to test the structural resistance of two types of orthodontic mini-screws -one made of stainless steel and another of titanium- from an international brand and to evaluate the efficacy of two other titanium miniscrews of Brazilian origin, during an extra-alveolar anchorage procedure. The mini-screws analyzed were: Bomei stainless steel and Bomei titanium/Taiwan, Morelli titanium and Neodent titanium/ Brazil. Experiments were conducted on pig mandibles to simulate the process of extra-alveolar anchorage. Two insertion processes were used: Direct at 30°, and Indirect, starting at 60° and ending at 30° with gradual continuous movement. Strain was evaluated using Optical and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Data were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric statistical analysis and post hoc Tamhane test. Significant statistical differences in strain were observed among the mini-screws used in the extra-alveolar insertions, both for the direct and indirect procedures. In the indirect insertion tests, both stainless steel and titanium mini-screws suffered deformation, showing that angling can be an important factor in mini-screw failure rates. The change in angle during the insertion movement increased deformation rates independently of alloy type, increasing the risk offailure. These results could help orthodontists in choosing mini-screws for extra-alveolar anchorage, which can be performed with direct or indirect insertion. In vivo studies should be conducted to confirm the findings of this study.


RESUMO O risco de fratura ou tensao nos mini-parafusos é maior se o diámetro, comprimento, tipo de liga ou ángulo de insergao for selecionado de forma inadequada. Os objetivos deste estudo foram testar a resistencia estrutural de dois tipos de mini-aparafusos ortodónticos -um feito de ago inoxidável e outro de titànio- de uma marca internacional e avaliar a eficácia de dois outros mini-parafusos de titànio de origem brasileira, durante um procedimento de ancoragem extra-alveolar. Os mini-aparafusos analisados foram: Bomei ago inoxidável e Bomei titànio / Taiwan, Morelli titànio e Neodent titànio / Brasil. Foram realizadas experiencias em mandíbulas de porcos para simular o processo de ancoragem extra-alveolar. Foram utilizados dois processos de insergao (Direta a 30°, e Indireta, comegando a 60° e terminando a 30° com movimento gradual continuo). A deformagao foi avaliada utilizando Microscopia Optica e Microscopia Eletrónica de Varredura. Os dados foram avaliados utilizando análise estatistica nao paramétrica Kruskal-Wallis e testepost-hoc Tamhane. Diferengas estatisticas significativas na deformagao foram observadas entre os mini-parafusos utilizados nas insergoes extra-alveolares, tanto para os procedimentos diretos como indiretos. Nos testes de insergao indireta, tanto os mini-parafusos de ago inoxidável como os de titánio sofreram deformagao, mostrando que a angulagao pode ser um fator importante nas taxas de falha dos mini-parafusos. A mudanga no ángulo durante o movimento de insergao aumentou as taxas de deformagao independentemente do tipo de liga, aumentando o risco de falha. Estes resultados podem ajudar os ortodontistas na escolha de mini-parafusos para ancoragem extra-alveolar, que pode ser realizada com insergao direta ou indireta. Estudos in vivo devem ser conduzidos para confirmar os resultados deste estudo.

5.
Methods Mol Biol ; 2266: 239-259, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33759131

RESUMO

Molecular dynamics simulations can now routinely access the microsecond timescale, making feasible direct sampling of ligand association events. While Markov State Model (MSM) approaches offer a useful framework for analyzing such trajectory data to gain insight into binding mechanisms, accurate modeling of ligand association pathways and kinetics must be done carefully. We describe methods and good practices for constructing MSMs of ligand binding from unbiased trajectory data and discuss how to use time-lagged independent component analysis (tICA) to build informative models, using as an example recent simulation work to model the binding of phenylalanine to the regulatory ACT domain dimer of phenylalanine hydroxylase. We describe a variety of methods for estimating association rates from MSMs and discuss how to distinguish between conformational selection and induced-fit mechanisms using MSMs. In addition, we review some examples of MSMs constructed to elucidate the mechanisms by which p53 transactivation domain (TAD) and related peptides bind the oncoprotein MDM2.


Assuntos
Cadeias de Markov , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Fenilalanina Hidroxilase/química , Fenilalanina/química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-mdm2/química , Software , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/química , Cinética , Ligantes , Ligação Proteica , Domínios Proteicos , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína
6.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis ; 30(3): 105578, 2021 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33401141

RESUMO

Traumatic intracranial aneurysms (TICA) of the distal anterior cerebral artery (dACA) are exceptionally rare and display therapeutic challenges due to their angioanatomical characteristics. The objective of this work was to discuss the mechanisms of TICA formation of the dACA and to elucidate the best treatment and revascularization strategies in these patients based on two illustrative cases. Case 1: 20-year-old patient with a traumatic, partially thrombosed 14 × 10 mm aneurysm of the right pericallosal artery (rPericA), distal to the origin of the right callosomarginal artery (rCMA). Complete trapping of the right dissection A3 aneurysm and flow replacement extra-to-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass (STA - radial artery - A4) was performed. Case 2: 16-year-old patient with a traumatic polylobulated, partially thrombosed 16 × 10 mm aneurysm of the rPericA. Microsurgical excision of the A3- segment harboring the aneurysm and flow replacement intra-to-intracranial (IC-IC) bypass via reimplantation of the right remaining PericA on the contralateral PericA (end-to-side anastomosis) was performed (in situ bypass). TICA of the dACA are exceptionally rare. Mechanical vessel wall injury and aneurysm formation of the dACA in blunt head trauma is very likely due to the proximity of the dACA with the rigid free edge of the falx. Given their nature as dissecting (complex) aneurysm, trapping and revascularization is a very important strategy. The interhemispheric cistern offers multiple revascularization options with its numerous donor vessels. The IC-IC bypass is often the simplest revascularization construct.


Assuntos
Artéria Cerebral Anterior/lesões , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/terapia , Revascularização Cerebral , Aneurisma Intracraniano/terapia , Artéria Radial/transplante , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/terapia , Acidentes de Trânsito , Adolescente , Artéria Cerebral Anterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Cerebral Anterior/fisiopatologia , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/fisiopatologia , Circulação Cerebrovascular , Hóquei/lesões , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Intracraniano/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Resultado do Tratamento , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/diagnóstico por imagem , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/fisiopatologia , Adulto Jovem
7.
Rev. lasallista investig ; 17(2): 135-148, jul.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1361018

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: se construyó un modelo teórico en el que se asocian el logro educativo con los componentes percepción emocional intrapersonal positiva y negativa y la percepción emocional interpersonal positiva y negativa. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre el logro educativo alcanzado en Matemáticas y en Lenguaje y Comunicación y la percepción emocional intrapersonal e interpersonal positiva y negativa por parte de escolares a nivel Bachillerato. Materiales y métodos: no experimental, cuantitativa y correlacional. Se utilizó la base de datos de las Evaluaciones de Logro referidas al Sistema Educativo Nacional (ELSEN) correspondientes al Plan Nacional para la Evaluación de los Aprendizajes (PLANEA) 2017 en México. El procesamiento de la información se llevó a cabo con el software AMOS 25. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 4822 estudiantes que cursaron el último grado del Bachillerato en el estado de Nuevo León, México. Se aplicó la técnica de modelado con ecuaciones estructurales para comprobar empíricamente el modelo propuesto. Resultados: se mostró que la percepción emocional intrapersonal e interpersonal negativa se asocia negativamente con el logro educativo. De manera contraria, al mejorar los aspectos de percepción intrapersonal e interpersonal positiva, el logro educativo se incrementa. Conclusiones: se realizan algunas recomendaciones para construir y proponer estrategias que coadyuven a la salud emocional del estudiante utilizando Recursos Educativos Abiertos.


Abstract Introduction: a theoretical model was built with the components: intrapersonal and interpersonal emotional perception, both positive and negative, and academic achievement. Objective. to determine the relationship between academic achievement in Mathematics, Language and Communication, and the interpersonal and intrapersonal emotional perception, both positive and negative, in High-School students. Materials and methods: they were quantitative, correlational and non-experimental. To perform this analysis, the data base Achievement Evaluation referring to the National Educational System (ELSEN), corresponding to the National Plan for Evaluating Knowledge (PLANEA) 2017 in Mexico, was used. This information was processed with the use of the software AMOS 25. 4822 students from Nuevo León, México, who were coursing their last semester in college, participated in this investigation. The technique of modeling with structural equations was applied to empirically test the proposed model. Results: they were showed that negative intrapersonal and interpersonal emotional perception is unfavorably related to educational achievement. On the other hand, by improving the aspects of positive intrapersonal and interpersonal emotional perception, the educational attainment increases. Conclusions: some recommendations were given, related to strategies that contribute to emotional health using Open Educational Resources.


Resumo Introdução: foi construído um modelo teórico em que o nível de escolaridade está associado aos componentes da percepção emocional intrapessoal positiva e negativa e à percepção emocional interpessoal positiva e negativa. Objetivo: determinar a relação entre o desempenho acadêmico em Matemática, Linguagem e Comunicação e a percepção emocional interpessoal e intrapessoal, tanto positiva quanto negativa, em estudantes do Ensino Médio. Materiais e métodos: foi quantitativo, correlacional e não experimental. Para realizar esta análise, utilizou-se a Base de Dados de Avaliação de Realizações referente ao Sistema Nacional de Educação (ELSEN), correspondente ao Plano Nacional de Avaliação de Conhecimento (PLANEA) 2017, no México. O processamento das informações foi realizado com o software AMOS 25. O tamanho da amostra foi de 4822 alunos que cursaram o último ano do Bachillerato no estado de Nuevo León, México. A técnica de modelagem com equações estruturais foi aplicada para verificar empíricamente o modelo proposto. Resultados: mostraram que a percepção emocional intrapessoal e interpessoal negativa está negativamente associada ao desempenho educacional. Por outro lado, ao melhorar os aspectos da percepção intrapessoal e interpessoal positiva, o nível educacional aumenta. Conclusões: algumas recomendações sobre estratégias que contribuem para a saúde emocional usando Recursos Educacionais Abertos.

8.
J Comput Chem ; 41(6): 538-551, 2020 03 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31750558

RESUMO

Recent discoveries about functional mechanisms of proteins in the TMEM16 family of phospholipid scramblases have illuminated the dual role of the membrane as both the substrate and a mechanistically responsive environment in the wide range of physiological processes and genetic disorders in which they are implicated. This is highlighted in the review of recent findings from our collaborative investigations of molecular mechanisms of TMEM16 scramblases that emerged from iterative functional, structural, and computational experimentation. In the context of this review, we present new MD simulations and trajectory analyses motivated by the fact that new structural information about the TMEM16 scramblases is emerging from cryo-EM determinations in lipid nanodiscs. Because the functional environment of these proteins in in vivo and in in vitro is closer to flat membranes, we studied comparatively the responses of the membrane to the TMEM16 proteins in flat membranes and nanodiscs. We find that bilayer shapes in the nanodiscs are very different from those observed in the flat membrane systems, but the function-related slanting of the membrane observed at the nhTMEM16 boundary with the protein is similar in the nanodiscs and in the flat bilayers. This changes, however, in the bilayer composed of longer-tail lipids, which is thicker near the phospholipid translocation pathway, which may reflect an enhanced tendency of the long tails to penetrate the pathway and create, as shown previously, a nonconductive environment. These findings support the correspondence between the mechanistic involvement of the lipid environment in the flat membranes, and the nanodiscs. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Assuntos
Anoctaminas/química , Lipídeos de Membrana/química , Proteínas de Transferência de Fosfolipídeos/química , Anoctaminas/metabolismo , Lipídeos de Membrana/metabolismo , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Proteínas de Transferência de Fosfolipídeos/metabolismo
9.
J Neurosurg ; : 1-6, 2019 Sep 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31518981

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The advent of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has become an effective option for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in addition to tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). With recent advances in device technology, MT has significantly altered the hospital course and functional outcomes of stroke patients. The authors' goal was to establish the most up-to-date reperfusion and functional outcomes with the evolution of MT technology. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective study of 403 patients who underwent MT for ischemic stroke at their institution from 2010 to 2017. They collected data on patient comorbidities, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on arrival, tPA administration, revascularization outcomes, and functional outcomes on discharge. RESULTS: In 403 patients, the mean NIHSS score on presentation was 15.8 ± 6.6, with 195 (48.0%) of patients receiving tPA prior to MT. Successful reperfusion (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score 2B or 3) was achieved in 84.4%. Hemorrhagic conversion with significant mass effect was noted in 9.9% of patients. The median lengths of ICU and hospital stay were 3.0 and 7.0 days, respectively. Functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score 0-2) was noted in 125 (31.0%) patients, while inpatient mortality occurred in 43 (10.7%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: As MT has established acute ischemic stroke as a neurosurgical disease, there is a pressing need to understand the hospital course, hospital- and procedure-related complications, and outcomes for this new patient population. The authors provide a detailed account of key metrics for MT with the latest device technology and identify the predictors of unfavorable outcomes and inpatient mortality.

10.
Rev. neuro-psiquiatr. (Impr.) ; 82(3): 218-226, jul. 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1144842

RESUMO

Aunque el término distimia fue acuñado por Kahlbaum, su significado actual se inició en 1980, cuando aparece en el Manual Diagnóstico de la Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría (DSM) designando una depresión crónica de leve intensidad, distinguible de la depresión mayor. Objetivo: En este trabajo se estudian los casos de dos mujeres con este diagnóstico (según CIE-10) y se examinan los "componentes subjetivos" que sustentan los síntomas depresivos y que habitualmente no se mencionan en las publicaciones. Material y métodos: Se emplea el "Método de Abordaje de la Subjetividad" (MAS), consistente en realizar entrevistas no-directivas y registrar las expresiones verbales de modo fiel, al tiempo que se prescinde de cualquier alusión a teorías, creencias particulares, juicios de valor, etc. Resultados: Se reconoce en estas pacientes una desinserción sentimental respecto al objeto de amor, un convivir desencantado con sus parejas e imposibilidad de separación, al tiempo que aparecen insidiosamente los síntomas depresivos. Este fenómeno tiene como base la caída del "ideal romántico" al que aspiran, que sostiene sus vidas y que funciona como una "agarradera" o "ancla de personalidad", razones por las que no mejoran su sintomatología. Estas originales apreciaciones cuestionan la noción clásica sobre el duelo. Conclusiones: Para que este tipo de pacientes mejoren sintomáticamente hace falta que hablen y se den cuenta de lo que realmente les está sucediendo. El estudio aquí descrito muestra las coordenadas subjetivas que se requiere conocer para poder conducir una adecuada intervención psicoterapéutica.


Objectives: Although the term dysthymia was coined by Kahlbaum, its current clinical meaning originated in the 1980s, when it appears in the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) designating a chronic mild depression distinguishable from Major Depression Disorder. In this article, the cases of two female patients with this disorder (according to the CIE-10) are presented and the "subjective components" that sustain the depressive symptoms, not usually mentioned in the publications, are examined. Material and methods: The Approach to Subjectivity Method (MAS) was used; it consists of non-directive interviews writing down the patient’s exact verbal expressions, and avoiding any allusion to theories, particular beliefs, values, judgments, etc. Results: We concluded that these two women have a sentimental distancing from their love object, even though they are unable to separate from or leave him while depressive symptoms appear in an insidious way. This drives them to fall off the romantic ideal they were looking for as a guide for their lives and an anchor of their personality, and it can also explain why their symptoms do not improve. This point of view questions to some extent the classic notions about "mourning". Conclusions: To improve symptomatically, the dysthymic patients need to talk about and realize what is really happening to them. What is found here shows the subjective coordinates that are necessary in order to conduct an adequate psychotherapeutic intervention.

11.
Materials (Basel) ; 12(7)2019 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30939817

RESUMO

Inclusion-induced acicular ferrite (AF) nucleation has been used for microstructure refinement in steel. Austenitization conditions have a significant influence on AF nucleation ability. In this paper, the effects of austenitization temperature and holding time on the transformation behaviors of low carbon steel containing Ti⁻Ca oxide particles were studied. A thermal treatment experiment, high temperature in situ observation, and calculation of Mn diffusion were carried out. The results indicate that small austenite grain size under low austenitizing temperature promoted grain boundary reaction products. With an increase in austenitizing temperature, the nucleation sites transferred to intragranular particles and AF transformation was improved. The inclusion particles in the Ti⁻Ca deoxidized steel were featured by an oxide core rich in Ti and a lesser amount of Ca and with MnS precipitation on the local surface, which showed a strong ability to promote AF nucleation. At a low austenitizing temperature, Mn diffusion was limited and the development of Mn-depleted zones (MDZs) around inclusions was not sufficient. The higher diffusion capacity of Mn at a high austenitizing temperature promoted the formation of MDZs to a larger degree and increased the AF nucleation ability. Boron segregation at large-sized austenite grain boundaries played an important role in AF transformation. Austenite grain size, Mn-depleted zone development, and boron segregation at grain boundaries were the decisive factors influencing the transformation behaviors under different austenitization conditions for the test steel.

12.
Rev. estomatol. Hered ; 29(2): 158-165, abr. 2019. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058495

RESUMO

El presente artículo de revisión fue realizado para comparar detalles imagenológicos de resonancia magnética y tomografía espiral multicorte de las estructuras anatómicas del piso de boca; esta es una región desafiante de la cavidad oral para el odontólogo ya que se encuentra constituida de tejidos blandos, vasculares, glandulares y nerviosos, a su vez carece de tejidos óseos volviéndola mucho más susceptible a patologías. Por ello la resonancia magnética es el estudio de preferencia para los tejidos blandos pues permite conocer con más facilidad la anatomía y a la tomografía espiral multicorte ideal para el análisis de tejidos duros, sin embargo puede evaluarse el piso de boca sin ser el estudio imagenológico indicado para esta. El presente trabajo es una recopilación de artículos en bases de datos e internet con el fin de comparar detalles imagenológicos entre la resonancia magnética y tomografía espiral multicorte.


This review article was conducted to compare magnetic resonance imaging and multislice spiral tomography of floor of mouth anatomical structures; this is a challenging region of oral cavity for dentist since it is made up of soft, vascular, glandular and nervous tissues, in turn lacks bone tissues, making it much more susceptible to pathologies. Therefore, magnetic resonance is the preference study for soft tissues because it allows knowing more easily anatomy and multislice spiral tomography ideal for hard tissues analysis, however floor of mouth can be evaluated without being the imaging study indicated for is. The present work is a compilation of articles in databases and internet in order to compare both: magnetic resonance and multislice spiral tomography.

13.
Estilos clín ; 24(1): 4-11, Jan.-Apr. 2019.
Artigo em Português | LILACS, Index Psicologia - Periódicos | ID: biblio-1039830

RESUMO

Este artigo procura distinguir o dispositivo escolar que foi hegemônico na modernidade daquele que é hegemônico na contemporaneidade: enquanto o primeiro era indissociável do ressurgimento da política nos primórdios dos tempos modernos, o segundo o é do declínio da política ­ e da consequente ascensão da tecnoburocracia e da tecnociência ­ nas últimas décadas do século XX. Nesses termos, o dispositivo escolar hegemônico na contemporaneidade vem sendo consumido para melhor se consumar, o que significa que a escola admitida hoje como ideal é a que se faz onipresente (consumada) na proporção em que é também radicalmente desescolarizada (consumida). Trata-se de dessimbolizar a escola (no que concerne, por exemplo, à transferência do aluno ao professor) para adequá-la aos imperativos visados pela tecnoburocracia e pelo mercado nos termos aparentemente democráticos do gozo de uma inclusão total. Desse modo, o dispositivo escolar acaba sendo consumido e consumado na medida em que seu objetivo já não é tanto formar sujeitos e cidadãos do Estado-Nação, mas conformar indivíduos e consumidores de um mundo global.


Este artículo busca distinguir el dispositivo escolar que fue hegemónico en la modernidad del dispositivo escolar que es hegemónico en la contemporaneidad: el primer era indisociable del resurgimiento de la política a principios de los tiempos modernos; el segundo es indisociable del declive de la política y del consecuente ascenso de la tecnoburocracia y de la tecnociencia en las últimas décadas del siglo XX. En esas condiciones, el dispositivo escolar hegemónico en la contemporaneidad se está consumiendo para consumarse mejor, lo que significa que la escuela considerada hoy como la ideal es la que es omnipresente (consumada) en medida que es también radicalmente desescolarizada (consumida). Se trata de reducir el estofo simbólico de la escuela ­en lo que concierne, por ejemplo, a la transferencia del alumno al profesor­ para adecuarla a los imperativos buscados por la tecnoburocracia y por el mercado en los términos aparentemente democráticos de goce de una inclusión total. De ese modo, el dispositivo escolar termina siendo consumido y consumado en la medida que su objetivo ya no es más formar sujetos y ciudadanos del Estado nación, sino el de modelar individuos y consumidores de un mundo global.


This article seeks to distinguish the school device that was hegemonic in modernity from that that is hegemonic in contemporaneity: while the former was inseparable from the resurgence of politics in the beginnings of modern times, the latter is inseparable from the decline of politics - and the consequent rise of technobureaucracy and technoscience - in the last decades of the 20th century. In these terms, the hegemonic school device in contemporaneity has been consumed in order to be better consummated, which means that the school admitted as the ideal today is the one that becomes omnipresent (consummated) to the extent that it is also radically de-educated (consumed). It is about de-symbolizing the school (for instance, considering the transference from the student to the teacher) in order to adjust it to the imperatives aimed by technobureaucracy and the market in the apparently democratic terms of the enjoyment (jouissance) of total inclusion. Therefore, the school device ends up being consumed and consummated insofar as its objective is not so much to form subjects and citizens of the Nation-State, but to conform individuals and consumers of a global world.


Assuntos
Humanos , Política , Instituições Acadêmicas/tendências , Educação/história
14.
Rev. eletrônica enferm ; 21: 1-7, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês, Português | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: biblio-1119044

RESUMO

Objetivou-se compreender as concepções e identificações acerca das atividades docentes e formação para a docência como parte do processo identitário de professores de enfermagem. Estudo descritivo analítico, qualitativo. Participaram 18 professores enfermeiros de duas universidades (uma pública e outra privada) da região sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre os meses de julho e setembro de 2015, por meio de entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado. Para tratamento dos dados foi utilizada a codificação aberta e axial conforme proposta por Strauss e Corbin, com o auxílio do software Atlas ti® 7. Emergiram as seguintes categorias: Ser enfermeira ou estar professora, Escolhas profissionais e Formação para a docência: entre a formação pedagógica e o experimento cotidiano. Professores de enfermagem se identificam sobretudo com a profissão de origem, mediante ausência de formação para a docência, com entendimentos distantes dos pressupostos da pedagogia universitária, o que é definidor em seus processos identitários.


The objective of this study was to understand the conception and identification of teaching activities and training as part of the identity construction process of nurse educators. This is a descriptive, analytical and qualitative study. The participants were eighteen nurse professors from two universities (one public and another private) in the southern region of Brazil. Data were collected between July and September 2015, through semi-structured interviews. The data were processed using open and axial coding as proposed by Strauss and Corbin, with the aid of Atlas.ti® 7 software. The following categories emerged: Being a nurse or being an educator, Professional choices and Training for teaching: between educational training and the daily experiment. Nurse educators mainly identify with the profession of origin, because of an absence of teacher training, and have different assumptions concerning university education, which defines their identity formation.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Educação em Enfermagem , Docentes de Enfermagem/educação , Prática do Docente de Enfermagem/estatística & dados numéricos
15.
Comput Biol Med ; 102: 75-85, 2018 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30248514

RESUMO

Independent component analysis (ICA) has become a widely used method for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data analysis. However, spatial ICA usually performs better than temporal ICA with regard to the stability and accuracy of functional connectivity detection, and temporal ICA is often not feasible when it is applied to the analysis of real fMRI data of the whole brain because of the excessive spatial dimensions. In this paper, to overcome these problems, we propose a sub-packet constrained temporal ICA (SCTICA) method to take advantage of the a priori information using a multi-objective optimization framework with the Newton iterative algorithm. Moreover, a splitting strategy is presented to improve the feasibility of the temporal ICA for whole brain fMRI data analysis. The experimental results of real data show that the splitting strategy improved the ability of the temporal ICA to analyze whole brain fMRI data. Furthermore, the experimental results also demonstrated that the proposed SCTICA method can not only improve the stability of the temporal ICA, but can also improve the functional connectivity detection ability compared with the classical ICA and ICA with a priori information methods. In brief, the proposed SCTICA method overcomes the problem that prevents temporal ICA from being applied to fMRI data of the whole brain, and the functional connectivity detection performance is greatly improved compared with that of traditional methods.


Assuntos
Mapeamento Encefálico , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Algoritmos , Simulação por Computador , Análise de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Análise de Componente Principal , Linguagens de Programação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador , Software
16.
J. res. dent ; 6(4): 91-97, jul.-ago2018.
Artigo em Português | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1358783

RESUMO

Este trabalho teve como objetivo abordar a reabilitação do sorriso devolvendo estética e função utilizando lentes de contato dentaria com preparos conservadores, avaliando suas indicações e limitações. Para tal, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura descritiva e bibliográfica utilizando como fonte de dados para a pesquisa livros e artigos extraídos das bases Medline, Lilacs, Scielo, Pubmed. Durante o trabalho, observou-se a evolução da técnica utilizada pelo profissional juntamente com os materiais utilizados na confecção do laminado. As lentes de contato dentárias possibilitam ao dentista uma opção conservadora de utilizar materiais cerâmicos, o correto planejamento promove resultado previsíveis de sucesso, sendo assim importante o conhecimento técnico-cientifico do profissional odontológico para determinar qual material e técnica utilizar em cada caso.

17.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 89(3): 399-408, jun. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-959540

RESUMO

Resumen: Las miopatías secundarias a mutaciones en el colágeno VI (M-COLVI) son las más frecuentes en el hemisferio norte, afectando población adulta y pediátrica. No existen datos de su prevalencia en Latinoamérica. Se caracterizan por presentar una gran variabilidad clínica, desde fenotipos severos, como la distrofia muscular congénita de Ullrich (DMCU), a intermedios y leves como la Miopatía de Bethlem (MB). Su inicio también es variable y se extiende desde el período de recién nacido hasta la vida adulta. Dada la presencia de hiperlaxitud articular, el diagnóstico diferencial se debe realizar con diversas enfermedades del tejido conectivo. El algoritmo diagnóstico clásico en muchos pacientes ha sido insuficiente para orientar el estudio genético de forma adecuada, y a partir de esto la resonancia magnética muscular ha emergido como una herramienta de gran utilidad para una mejor aproxima ción diagnóstica de ésta y otras patologías musculares. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo examinar las formas de presentación, características clínicas, estudio diagnóstico específico, diagnóstico dife rencial y manejo de una de las patologías musculares herediatarias más frecuentes, con énfasis en el aporte de la resonancia magnética muscular.


Abstract: Myopathies secondary to collagen VI mutations (COLVI-M) are the most frequent in the northern hemisphere, affecting the adult and pediatric population. There are no data on its prevalence in Latin America. They are characterized by a great clinical variability, from severe phenotypes, such as Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD), to intermediate and mild ones such as Bethlem myopathy (BM). Its onset is also variable and extends from the neonatal period to adulthood. Given the presence of joint hypermobility, the differential diagnosis should be made with various connective tissue diseases. The classical diagnostic algorithm in many patients has been insufficient to guide the genetic study in an adequate way, and from this the muscular magnetic resonance imaging has emerged as a very useful tool for a better diagnostic approach of this and other muscular pathologies. This ob jective of this review is to study the forms of presentation, clinical characteristics, specific diagnostic study, differential diagnosis and management of one of the most frequent hereditary muscular patho logies, with emphasis on the contribution of muscle magnetic resonance imaging.


Assuntos
Humanos , Esclerose/diagnóstico , Contratura/diagnóstico , Colágeno Tipo VI/genética , Distrofias Musculares/congênito , Exame Físico , Esclerose/genética , Esclerose/terapia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Marcadores Genéticos , Testes Genéticos , Contratura/genética , Contratura/terapia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Distrofias Musculares/diagnóstico , Distrofias Musculares/genética , Distrofias Musculares/terapia , Mutação
18.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 17(3): 259-269, mayo 2018. tab, ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-915349

RESUMO

Berberis darwinii Hook es una especie que habita el sur de Chile y la Patagonia. Siendo utilizada por la etnia mapuche para el tratamiento de procesos inflamatorios, estados febriles, y dolor estomacal. El propósito del siguiente estudio fue evaluar in vitro las propiedades del extracto de alcaloides de raíz de B. darwinii sobre respuestas celulares en monocitos desde sangre periférica de rata. Los resultados de la cuantificación del extracto muestran una concentración de alcaloides totales de 1,67 mg/g y la caracterización por HPLC- MS determinó la presencia de berberina y palmatina. In vitro se observó que los extractos disminuyeron la capacidad de adhesión y la actividad fagocítica de los monocitos e inhibieron la translocación del factor nuclear NF-κB asociado a la modulación de la inflamación, pero no así la producción de anión superóxido. Estos resultados indicarían que los alcaloides totales de B. darwinii inhiben algunos mecanismos específicos de defensa celular.


Berberis darwinii Hook is a species that inhabits southern Chile and Patagonia. This is being used by the Mapuche ethnic group for the treatment of inflammatory processes, febrile states, and stomach pain. The purpose of the following study was to evaluate in vitro the properties of an alkaloid extract of B. darwinii root on cellular responses in monocytes from the rat peripheral blood. The results of the quantification of the extract showed a total alkaloid concentration of 1.67 mg/g and the characterization by HPLC-MS determined the presence of berberine and palmatine. In vitro, it was observed that the extracts decreased the adhesion capacity and phagocytic activity of the monocytes and inhibited the translocation of the nuclear factor NF-κB associated with the modulation of inflammation, but not the production of superoxide anion. These results indicate that the total alkaloids of B. darwinii inhibit some specific mechanisms of cellular defense.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas/química , Berberis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Monócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , NF-kappa B/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Alcaloides/análise
19.
J Biol Phys ; 44(2): 195-209, 2018 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29644513

RESUMO

Flock House virus (FHV) is a well-characterized model system to study infection mechanisms in non-enveloped viruses. A key stage of the infection cycle is the disruption of the endosomal membrane by a component of the FHV capsid, the membrane active γ peptide. In this study, we perform all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of the 21 N-terminal residues of the γ peptide interacting with membranes of differing compositions. We carry out umbrella sampling calculations to study the folding of the peptide to a helical state in homogenous and heterogeneous membranes consisting of neutral and anionic lipids. From the trajectory data, we evaluate folding energetics and dissect the mechanism of folding in the different membrane environments. We conclude the study by analyzing the extent of configurational sampling by performing time-lagged independent component analysis.


Assuntos
Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Nodaviridae/metabolismo , Peptídeos/química , Dobramento de Proteína , Proteínas Virais/química , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Modelos Moleculares , Nodaviridae/fisiologia , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Estrutura Secundária de Proteína , Proteínas Virais/metabolismo
20.
Cienc. Trab ; 20(61): 27-30, abr. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-952561

RESUMO

Resumen: Este estudio tuvo el objetivo de analizar y comparar la cumplimentación de certificados médicos por estudiantes del cuarto año del curso de Odontología de una universidad pública brasileña y por profesionales de cursos de especialización específicos del área. Entre 2014 y 2016, se dejó a los encuestados una hoja de papel en blanco en cuyo encabezamiento sólo constaba la palabra "Certificado", a fin de que se lo elaboraran de la manera que juzgaran más adecuada. Se utilizó test para comparación de dos proporciones y Test de Chi- Cuadrado con nivel de significación del 5%. Participaron de la inves tigación 336 individuos, de los cuales 167 (49,7%) eran estudiantes y 169 (50,3%), profesionales de cursos de especialización de la Facultad de Odontología de Araçatuba. Solamente 73 (21,7%) individuos ela boraron el certificado correctamente. Entre los errores de los estu diantes se destaca la inserción de la Clasificación Estadística Interna cional de Enfermedades sin el consentimiento del paciente, y, de los profesionales, la falta del Documento Nacional de Identidad. Hubo diferencia estadística significativa entre las categorías respecto a la correcta cumplimentación del certificado (p=0). Se concluyó que una parte considerable de los encuestados rellena los certificados odonto lógicos incorrectamente, con menores errores entre los estudiantes de Odontología.


Abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the filling of the dental certificates by the students of the fourth year of the den tistry course of a Brazilian public university and professionals of specialization courses in the area. The respondents were given a blank sheet written "Certificate", for them to fill out. The period analyzed was from 2014 to 2016. The test was used to compare two proportions and the chi-square test, with a significance level of 5%. A total of 336 individuals participated in the study, of which 167 (49.7%) were fourth year students of the Dentistry course and 169 (50.3%) professionals of specialization courses of the School of Dentistry of Araçatuba. Only 73 (21.7%) correctly filled the certificate. Among the errors, we emphasize the students' insertion of the International Statistical Clas sification of Diseases without the patient's consent and among profes sionals the lack of the General Registry. There was a significant statis tical difference between the categories regarding the correct filling of the certificate (p = 0). We concluded that the dental certificates are filled incorrectly by a considerable portion of the respondents, with minor errors among dentistry students.


Assuntos
Humanos , Prática Profissional , Estudantes de Odontologia , Atestado de Saúde , Brasil , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários
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