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1.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 22(2): 170-172, jun. 2022. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1441123

RESUMO

Paciente de sexo masculino, 70 años, con leucemia mieloide crónica en tratamiento con dasatinib, desarrolla insuficiencia respiratoria asociada a toxicidad pulmonar por dicho fármaco.


70-year-old male patient with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving treatment with da satinib develops respiratory failure associated with pulmonary toxicity related to such drug.


Assuntos
Masculino , Testes de Toxicidade , Pneumopatias
2.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 22(2): 253-256, jun. 2022. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441138

RESUMO

ABSTRACT 70-year-old male patient with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving treatment with dasatinib develops respiratory failure associated with pulmonary toxicity related to such drug.


RESUMEN Paciente de sexo masculino, 70 años, con leucemia mieloide crónica en tratamiento con dasatinib, desarrolla insuficiencia respiratoria asociada a toxicidad pulmonar por dicho fármaco.

3.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408440

RESUMO

Introducción: Las mutaciones del gen que codifica para el factor de la tirosina quinasa 3 (FLT3) son de especial importancia en la leucemia mieloide aguda debido a que sirven de guía para la confirmación del diagnóstico, la estimación del pronóstico y la toma de decisiones terapéuticas. Entre las alteraciones más importantes está la duplicación interna en tándem (FLT3-ITD). Objetivo: Exponer los aspectos más relevantes respecto al biomarcador FLT3-ITD en el contexto de la leucemia mieloide aguda. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos científicos actualizados en los idiomas inglés y español, en PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar y SciELO. Se seleccionaron artículos publicados en los últimos cinco años. Se revisaron los aspectos más relevantes sobre el biomarcador en el contexto de la leucemia mieloide aguda, su base biológica, el impacto del tamaño de los fragmentos y la carga alélica en la estimación del pronóstico de los pacientes, las nuevas estrategias terapéuticas y los retos en cuanto a los métodos de laboratorio para su diagnóstico. Análisis y síntesis de la información: Más allá de la positividad o no de dicho biomarcador, el tamaño de la duplicación interna en tándem, así como la carga alélica -determinada por la razón alelo mutado/alelo salvaje-, podrían tener un gran impacto en el pronóstico. Sin embargo, persisten diferencias en los criterios para establecer los algoritmos de predicción del riesgo, el punto de corte a utilizar como referencia y el protocolo de laboratorio específico para un estudio más detallado del biomarcador. Conclusiones: La comunidad científica necesita seguir trabajando en el esclarecimiento de la utilidad práctica de estos parámetros, validándolos en series amplias y diversas epidemiológicamente. Se debe determinar el punto de corte exacto para comparar la razón y estandarizar los métodos de laboratorio más adecuados y factibles para su estudio(AU)


ABSTRACT Introduction: Mutations in the tyrosine kinase 3 gene (FLT3) are of special importance in acute myeloid leukemia because they serve as a guide to confirm the diagnosis, estimate the prognosis, and make therapeutic decisions in the patient. Internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) is the most important alteration of this gene. Objective: To present the most relevant aspects regarding the FLT3-ITD biomarker in the context of acute myeloid leukemia. Methods: a search was carried out for updated scientific articles, in English and Spanish, in PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar and SciELO. Articles published in the last five years were selected. The most relevant aspects of the biomarker in the context of acute myeloid leukemia, its biological basis, the impact of the size of the fragments and the allelic load in the estimation of the prognosis of the patients, the new therapeutic strategies and the challenges in regarding the laboratory methods for its diagnosis. Information analysis and synthesis: Beyond the biomarker positivity or not, the size of the ITD, as well as the allelic ratio determined by the mutated allele / wild-type allele, could have a great impact on the prognosis of patients. However, differences persist in the criteria for establishing risk prediction algorithms, the cut-off point to be used as a reference, and the specific laboratory protocol for a more detailed study of the biomarker. Conclusions: The scientific community needs to continue working to clarify the practical utility of these parameters, validating them in broad and epidemiologically diverse series. The exact cut-off point should be determined as a reference to compare the relationship and standardize the most suitable and feasible laboratory methods for its study(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Padrões de Referência , Biomarcadores , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Características de Residência
4.
Vive (El Alto) ; 4(10): 128-142, abr. 2021. ilus., tab.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1292927

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: la Leucemia Mieloide Aguda es la neoplasia hematológica más común, caracterizada por una proliferación incontrolada de células madre hematopoyéticas. La mutación FLT3/ITD se presenta en aproximadamente el 30% de todos los pacientes con ésta patología, se asocia con mayor riesgo de recaída y menor supervivencia. El FLT3-ITD puede usarse como un factor pronóstico de la gravedad de ésta patología, importante para predecir los resultados clínicos en pacientes con LMA. OBJETIVO: el objetivo de este estudio fue relacionar la mutación FLT3/ITD con variables hematológicas y clínicas en pacientes diagnosticados con Leucemia Mieloide Aguda atendidos en la Sociedad de Lucha contra el Cáncer (SOLCA) de la ciudad de Cuenca, periodo 2013 ­2020. MÉTODOS: se obtuvieron los datos a partir de registros secundarios registrados una base de datos del hospital, el universo de la muestra lo constituyeron 63 pacientes, diagnosticados con LMA, se les analizó la mutación FLT3/ITD por PCR Convencional. RESULTADOS: se encontró la presencia de la mutación en un 9.5% y una asociación significativamente estadística con alteraciones hematológicas relacionados con niveles de hemoglobina anormal (p=0,037) y ratio 6,63 y LDH elevada en 1,21 veces (p=0,024); recuento elevado de leucocitos y blastos (p=0,031). Los individuos portadores de la mutación se presentó con mayor incidencia en el sexo masculino y grupo etario adulto mediano (45-64 años). CONCLUSIONES: la literatura internacional afirma que la mutación FLT3/ITD en un importante marcador pronóstico; debido a su baja frecuencia, no se pudo determinar una relación estadísticamente significativa con otras variables clínicas en este estudio.(AU)


INTRODUCTION: acute Myeloid Leukemia is the most common hematological neoplasm, characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells. The FLT3 / ITD mutation occurs in approximately 30% of all patients with this pathology, it is associated with a higher risk of relapse and lower survival. FLT3-ITD can be used as a poor prognostic factor, important for predicting clinical outcomes in patients with AML. OBJECTIVE: the objective of this study was to characterize the FLT3 / ITD mutation and its relationship with hematological and clinical variables in patients diagnosed with Acute Myeloid Leukemia treated at SOLCA in the city of Cuenca, period 2013-2020. METHODS: data were obtained from secondary records in a hospital database, the universe of the sample was made up of 63 patients, diagnosed with AML, and the FLT3 / ITD mutation was analyzed by Conventional PCR. RESULTS: the presence of the mutation was found in 9.5% and a statistically significantly association with hematological alterations related to abnormal hemoglobin levels (p = 0.037) and ratio 6.63 and LDH elevated in 1.21 times (p =0.024); Elevated leukocyte and blast count (p = 0.031). Individuals carrying the mutation had a higher incidence in males and in the middle adult age group (45-64 years). CONCLUSIONS: the international literature affirms that the FLT3 / ITD mutation is an important prognostic marker; Due to its low frequency, it was not possible to determine a statistically significant relationship with other clinical variables in our study, for which it is suggested to expand the unirverse of the sample.(AU)


INTRODUÇÃO: a Leucemia Mielóide Aguda é a malignidade hematológica mais comum, caracterizada pela proliferação descontrolada de células-tronco hematopoiéticas. A mutação FLT3/ITD está presente em aproximadamente 30% de todos os pacientes com esta patologia, e está associada a um maior risco de recaída e menor sobrevida. O FLT3-ITD pode ser usado como um fator prognóstico para a gravidade desta patologia, importante para prever os resultados clínicos em pacientes com LMA. OBJETIVO: o objetivo deste estudo foi relacionar a mutação FLT3/ITD com variáveis hematológicas e clínicas em pacientes diagnosticados com leucemia mielóide aguda tratados na Sociedade de Luta contra o Câncer (SOLCA) na cidade de Cuenca, período 2013 - 202020. Métodos. Os dados foram obtidos de registros secundários registrados em um banco de dados hospitalar, o universo da amostra consistiu de 63 pacientes diagnosticados com AML, eles foram analisados para a mutação FLT3/ITD por PCR convencional. RESULTADOS: a presença da mutação foi encontrada em 9,5% e uma associação estatística significativa com alterações hematológicas relacionadas a níveis anormais de hemoglobina (p=0,037) e relação 6,63 e LDH elevada em 1,21 vezes (p=0,024); contagem elevada de leucócitos e explosões (p=0,031). Os individuos portadores da mutação ocorreram com maior incidência no sexo masculino e na faixa etária média adulta (45-64 anos). CONCLUSÕES: a literatura internacional afirma que a mutação FLT3/ITD em um marcador prognóstico importante; devido a sua baixa freqüência, uma relação estatisticamente significativa com outras variáveis clínicas não pôde ser determinada neste estudo.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Mutação , Neoplasias
5.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 38(5): 226-229, 2020 May.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31492453

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Infections due to Enterococcus hirae have rarely been reported in humans but are not uncommon in mammals and birds. We describe a case of E. hirae bacteremia and pneumonia in a bird breeder and its potential relationship with regorafenib, a tirosin kinase inhibitor (TKI). METHODS: Descriptive study and review of the literature through a PubMed search of the cases described previously to date. RESULTS: Only seventeen cases have been described, mainly endocarditis, pyelonephritis, and intraabdominal infections. No cases of pneumonia have been reported so far. The recent increase in TKI use opens a new field to explore in infectious diseases due to both the exposure to these immunosuppressive drugs and the increased survival of subjects with severe underlying comorbidities. CONCLUSION: In patients in contact with birds, immunosuppressed by their underlying morbidities and treated with regorafenib, clinicians should be aware of an increased risk of unusual potentially severe infections.


Assuntos
Bacteriemia , Compostos de Fenilureia/efeitos adversos , Pneumonia Bacteriana , Piridinas/efeitos adversos , Animais , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Streptococcus faecium ATCC 9790 , Humanos , Pneumonia Bacteriana/diagnóstico
6.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 36(4): 664-669, oct.-dic. 2019. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1145006

RESUMO

Las agammaglobulinemias primarias (AP) resultan de alteraciones específicas en las células B, lo cual, conduce a baja producción de anticuerpos. La sospecha diagnóstica se establece con el antecedente de infecciones a repetición, inmunoglobulinas bajas y la ausencia linfocitos B CD19+. El diagnóstico se confirma mediante el análisis genético y la detección de una mutación ligada en el cromosoma X o autosómico recesiva o dominante. En Perú, no hay literatura sobre AP ni reportes sobre el genotipo de los pacientes con sospecha de AP. Bajo este escenario, se realizó un estudio que describió el genotipo de pacientes con sospecha de AP. Se encontraron 20 pacientes con mutaciones en el gen BTK y una mutación autosómica recesiva IGHM. Se hallaron 13 mutaciones hereditarias y siete mutaciones de novo. Se concluye que las AP son, en su mayoría, mutaciones en el gen BTK que corresponden con AP ligadas al cromosoma X.


Primary agammaglobulinemia result from specific alterations in B cells, which lead to low antibody production. Diagnostic suspicion is established with a history of repeated infections, low immunoglobulins, and absence of CD19+ B lymphocytes. The diagnosis is confirmed by genetic analysis and the detection of a mutation linked to the X or autosomal recessive or dominant chromosome. In Peru, there is no literature on primary agammaglobulinemia and no reports on the genotype of patients with suspected primary agammaglobulinemia. Under this scenario, a study was performed to describe the genotype of patients with suspected primary agammaglobulinemia. Twenty (20) patients were found with mutations in the BTK gene and an autosomal recessive IGHM mutation. Thirteen (13) hereditary mutations and seven de novo mutations were found. It is concluded that the group of primary agammaglobulinemia are mostly mutations in the BTK gene, corresponding to X-linked agammaglobulinemia.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Cadeias mu de Imunoglobulina/genética , Agamaglobulinemia/epidemiologia , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/epidemiologia , Tirosina Quinase da Agamaglobulinemia/genética , Doença das Cadeias Pesadas/genética , Peru/epidemiologia , Agamaglobulinemia/diagnóstico , Agamaglobulinemia/genética , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/diagnóstico , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/genética , Mutação
7.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed) ; 66(8): 472-479, 2019 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31171456

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Treatment with oral antineoplastic agents known as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is new and, thus, little is known about their impact on nutritional status (NS), dietary intake, quality of life, and survival. The aim of this study was to provide information on these components in order to guide future nutritional recommendations. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A prospective, observational study in adults who start treatment with TKIs, in whom NS was assessed using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), anthropometric measures, biochemical parameters, and dietary intake (24-hour dietary recall). The EORTC QLQ-C30 was used to assess quality of life. Nonparametric tests were used in statistical analysis, and survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and log-rank curves. RESULTS: Of the overall sample, 21.7% had moderate malnutrition according to PG-SGA, and 74.2% moderate weight loss at 6 months, but no patient had BMI<18.5kg/m2. Patients with moderate malnutrition had lower survival at four years of diagnosis (log-rank=0.015). Energy intake was lower than recommended by the ESPEN 2017 congress, and no patient covered the protein requirements (1.5g protein/kg weight) during follow-up. A worse score on the global health scale of the EORTC QLQ-C30 was related to worse NS. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with TKIs does not appear to have a significant impact on NS and quality of life after 6 months of follow-up. Malnutrition should be prevented through individualized nutritional advice because it is related to shorter survival.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Desnutrição/mortalidade , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Estado Nutricional/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/uso terapêutico , Qualidade de Vida , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Desnutrição/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias/sangue , Necessidades Nutricionais/efeitos dos fármacos , Estudos Prospectivos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas
8.
Actas Urol Esp (Engl Ed) ; 42(6): 389-395, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29525440

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the learning curve for the management of tyrosine kinase inhibitors as the first line of treatment for patients with metastatic renal cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated 32 consecutive patients treated in our department for metastatic renal cancer with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (pazopanib or sunitinib) as first-line treatment between September 2012 and November 2015. We retrospectively analysed this sample. We measured the time to the withdrawal of the first-line treatment, the time to progression and overall survival using Kaplan-Meier curves. The learning curve was analysed with the cumulative sum (CUSUM) methodology. RESULTS: In our series, the median time to the withdrawal of the first-line treatment was 11 months (95% CI 4.9-17.1). The mean time to progression was 30.4 months (95% CI 22.7-38.1), and the mean overall survival was 34.9 months (95% CI 27.8-42). By applying the CUSUM methodology, we obtained a graph for the CUSUM value of the time to withdrawal of the first-line treatment (CUSUM TW), observing 3 well-differentiated phases: phase 1 or initial learning phase (1-15), phase 2 (16-26) in which the management of the drug progressively improved and phase 3 (27-32) of maximum experience or mastery of the management of these drugs. The number of treated patients needed to achieve the proper management of these patients was estimated at 15. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations of the sample size and follow-up time, we estimated (in 15 patients) the number needed to reach the necessary experience in the management of these patients with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We observed no relationship between the time to the withdrawal of the first-line treatment for any cause and progression.

9.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 22(1): 8-17, ene.-mar. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-959876

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: Las mutaciones en el dominio BCR-ABL1, tirosina quinasa (TK) son mecanismos importantes de resistencia de los inhibidores de la tirosina quinasa (ITK) en pacientes con leucemia mieloide crónica (LMC). Objetivo: Determinar el tipo y la frecuencia de las mutaciones en el dominio tirosina quinasa del gen BCR-ABL1, asociadas con falla en la respuesta al tratamiento con imatinib en pacientes con LMC y correlacionar el perfil de mutaciones con los hallazgos clínicos, demográficos, respuesta citogenética y respuesta molecular. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo prospectivo en pacientes con LMC en tratamiento con IMATINIB a quienes se les realizó cariotipo y análisis de mutaciones del dominio BCR-ABL1 mediante la técnica de PCR anidada. Resultados: De los 23 pacientes estudiados en cuatro se encontraron mutaciones: dos presentaron la mutación E255K, uno presentó la mutación H396P y otro presentó doble mutación L387L y T389P. Las mutaciones E255K que se ubican en la región P-loop y H396P en A-loop se asocian con mal pronóstico. La mutación T389P localizada en la región A-loop no está informada en algunas bases de datos. Conclusiones: En este estudio encontramos cuatro mutaciones en el dominio tirosina quinasa (E255K, H396P, L387L y T389P) que podrían aportar información valiosa y guiar las decisiones de tratamiento. Es importante destacar que esta investigación de análisis mutacional del dominio BCR-ABL es la primera que se realiza en el país con la particularidad adicional de cubrir una población triétnica.


Abstract Mutations in the BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase domain mutations, are one of the principal mechanisms associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) resistance in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Objectives: To determine the type and frequency of mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the BCR-ABL1 gene associated with failure to respond to treatment with Imatinib and Imatinib in patients with CMK, and to correlate the mutation profile with the clinical and demographic variables, as well as the cytogenetic and molecular response. Materials and methods: A descriptive prospective study was carried out on patients with CML treated with Imatinib. Karyotyping and analysis of the BCR-ABL1 domain mutations were performed on the patients using nested PCR. Results: Four types of mutations were found in the 23 patients studied, of which two of them were the E225 mutation, one with the H396P mutation, another with a double mutation L387L and T389P. Both the E255K mutation located in the P-loop region, and H396P mutation in the A-loop region, are associated with a poor prognosis. The T389P mutation located within A-loop region has not been reported in any of the databases. Conclusions: Four mutations were found in the tyrosine kinase domain (E255K, H396P, L387L and T389P) were found in this study. These findings provide valuable information and as a guideline to help make treatment decisions. It is important to point out that this analytical study on mutations of the BCR-ABL domain is the first one carried out in the country and, specifically, in a tri-ethnic population.


Assuntos
Humanos , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva , Mesilato de Imatinib , Prognóstico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Estudos Prospectivos , Métodos , Mutação
10.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 76(2): 65-70, abr. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-841544

RESUMO

La agammaglobulinemia ligada al cromosoma X (XLA) se caracteriza por la ausencia o reducción significativa de linfocitos B, niveles bajos o indetectables de inmunoglobulinas y, clínicamente, por infecciones principalmente respiratorias por bacterias capsuladas extracelulares y diarrea recurrente. El tratamiento de reemplazo con gammaglobulina ha permitido a la mayor parte de los enfermos llegar a adultos con una buena calidad de vida. Analizamos las características clínicas de 14 pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de XLA asistidos en nuestra Unidad desde 2003, fecha en que fue derivado el primer paciente, hasta 2015. La edad promedio en el momento de la derivación fue de 20.4 años, en el momento de la última consulta de 25.5. El tiempo promedio de seguimiento fue de 59.8 meses. Previo al diagnóstico todos habían presentado infecciones, las más frecuentes fueron las respiratorias. Posteriormente al diagnóstico todos iniciaron tratamiento de reemplazo con gammaglobulina endovenosa, y a pesar de que las infecciones disminuyeron en frecuencia y gravedad, en este período se presentaron enfermedades con secuelas graves. Al comenzar el seguimiento en nuestra Unidad, 35.7% presentaban deterioro de la función respiratoria, solo grave en un paciente. Durante el seguimiento ninguno presentó deterioro de la función respiratoria ni complicaciones clínicas importantes. Tres pasaron a gammaglobulina subcutánea con buena tolerancia. El número de adultos con XLA es cada vez mayor, la mayoría llegan a la segunda década de la vida sin complicaciones graves y bajo tratamiento se mantienen libres de enfermedades infecciosas graves y de progresión de sus secuelas pulmonares.


X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is characterized by absent or severely reduced B cells, low or undetectable immunoglobulin levels and clinically by extracellular bacterial infections which mainly compromise the respiratory tract as well as recurrent diarrheas. The mainstay of treatment is gammaglobulin replacement therapy, which allows most patients to reach adulthood with high quality of life. We analyzed the clinical features of 14 patients over 18 years of age with XLA diagnosis that received treatment in our unit from the year 2003, the date the first patient was derived, until 2015. The average age at which patients were referred was 20.4 years old; age at the last consult was 25.5. The average follow-up time was 59.8 months. Previously to being diagnosed all patients had suffered infections, most frequently respiratory. After diagnosis all were started on intravenous gammaglobulin replacement treatment and in spite of infections being reduced in severity and frequency, there were cases of severe disease with long term sequelae. At the beginning of our follow-up 35.7% presented impaired respiratory function with only one case being severe. In no cases during this period did the respiratory function worsen, nor were there severe clinical complications. Three patients were switched to subcutaneous immunoglobulin treatment with good tolerance. The number of XLA cases is increasing, as most reach the second decade of life without serious complications and remain free of severe infectious disease and further impairment of their respiratory functions with the treatment.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Imunoglobulinas Intravenosas/administração & dosagem , Progressão da Doença , Agamaglobulinemia/complicações , Agamaglobulinemia/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/complicações , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/tratamento farmacológico , Qualidade de Vida , Infecções Respiratórias/etiologia , Administração Cutânea , gama-Globulinas/administração & dosagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Seguimentos , Administração Intravenosa
11.
Oncol. clín ; 20(3): 125-128, nov. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-835104

RESUMO

El enfoque terapéutico personalizado del cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas (CPCNP) permite que pacientes con tumores que presentan un perfil genotípico definido, se beneficien de tratamientos dirigidos específicamente contra el mismo. En base al estudio de numerosas muestras tumorales, se ha informado la prevalencia de alteraciones genéticas (mutaciones), algunas de las cuales son pasibles de terapias blanco. En la práctica clínica se puede conocer el perfil genético del tumor mediante técnicas de biología molecular validadas y disponibles. Se cuenta también con guías y recomendaciones internacionales que establecen los subtipos histológicos y estadios clínicos que se deberían estudiar, a fin de identificar aquellos pacientes que puedan beneficiarse con un tratamiento dirigido. Dentro del conjunto de terapias dirigidas disponibles se encuentran los inhibidores de tirosina quinasa, particularmente útiles en el tratamiento del CPCNP portador de mutaciones del receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico (EGFR). Su uso en primera línea demostró un mayor beneficio que la quimioterapia, en términos de supervivencia libre de progresión, calidad de vida y supervivencia global. Para que un mayor número de pacientes adecuados se beneficien de estos avances terapéuticos es necesario advertir la importancia de la genotipificación tumoral.


The personalized therapeutic approach of non-small celllung cancer (NSCLC) allows that patients with tumors harbouringa defined genotypic profile get benefit from targettherapies. Based on the analysis of many tumor samples,the prevalence of genetic alterations (mutations) has beenreported and some of them are target of specific therapies.In clinical practice, the genetic profile of the tumor maybe assessed by validated available techniques of molecularbiology. There are also available international guidelinesand recommendations determining the histological subtypesand clinical stages that should be tested to identifypatients who will benefit from targeted treatments. In theset of available targeted therapies are the tyrosine kinasesinhibitors (TKI), particularly useful to treat NSCLC harbouringmutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR). In front-line setting TKI showed higher benefitthan chemotherapy, in terms of progression-free survival,quality of life and overall survival. In order to a greaternumber of suitable patients benefit from these therapeuticadvances, it is needed to be aware of the value of tumorgenotyping.


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases , Tratamento Farmacológico , Mutação , Qualidade de Vida
12.
Int. j. morphol ; 33(2): 647-652, jun. 2015. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-755523

RESUMO

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a congenital anomaly characterized by the inappropriate fusion of the upper lip, alveolus, and secondary palate. This study investigated whether expression of interferon regulatory fac tor 6 (IRF6), receptor-like tyrosine kinase (RYK), and paired-box 9 (PAX9), which are essential for the normal development and morphogenesis of craniofacial structures, is dysregulated in children with CLP. Oral mucosa tissue samples were obtained from patients with complete bilateral (CB) CLP (n= 19) during corrective plastic surgery and unaffected control subjects (n= 7). IRF6, RYK, and PAX9 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test. In patients, IRF6 immunoreactivity in the connective tissue was moderate to high, but the overall number of IRF6-positive oral epithelial cells was lower than that in controls (z= -3.41; P= 0.01). RYK expression was observed only sporadically in the oral epithelium of 4 patients, in contrast to the control group (z= -3.75; P< 0.001). PAX9-positive epithelial cells were present in low to moderate numbers in patients with CBCLP, while an abundance of these cells was observed in the basal layer of the oral epithelium in controls (z= -3.60; P<0.001). IRF6 is the main connective tissue regulatory factor in CBCLP, and its low level of expression in the oral epithelium suggests a reduced potential for epitheliocyte differentiation, while low PAX9 and RYK expression may explain the decreased cell migration and cleft remodeling in CBCLP.


La fisura labial y palatina (FLP) son anomalías congénitas caracterizadas por la fusión inadecuada del labio superior, alvéolo y paladar secundario. En este estudio se investigó si en niños con FLP hay una desregulación de la expresión del factor regulador de interferón 6 (IRF6), del receptor de la tirosina quinasa (RYK), y del factor de transcripción PAX9, que son esenciales para el desarrollo normal y la morfogénesis de las estructuras craneofaciales. Se obtuvieron muestras de la mucosa oral de pacientes con FLP completa bilateral (CB) (n= 19), tomadas durante la realización de cirugía plástica correctiva, y de sujetos de control no afectados (n= 7). Se evaluó la expresión de IRF6, RYK y PAX9 por inmunohistoquímica, y los datos se analizaron con la prueba de Mann-Whitney. En los pacientes, la inmunoreactividad de IRF6 en el tejido conectivo fue de moderada a alta, pero el número total de células epiteliales orales positivas para IRF6 fue menor que en los controles (z= -3,41; P= 0,01). La expresión de RYK se observó sólo esporádicamente en el epitelio oral de 4 pacientes, en contraste con el grupo control (z= -3,75; P<0.001). Células epiteliales positivas para PAX9 estaban presentes en números bajos a moderados en pacientes con FLP completa bilateral, mientras que se observó una abundante cantidad de estas células en la capa basal del epitelio oral en los controles (z= -3,60; P<0,001). IRF6 es el principal factor regulador del tejido conectivo con FLP completa bilateral, y su bajo nivel de expresión en el epitelio oral sugiere un potencial reducido para la diferenciación del epitelio, mientras que la expresión baja de PAX9 y RYK pueden explicar la disminución de la migración celular y la remodelación de la fisura con FLP completa bilateral.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Fissura Palatina/metabolismo , Fissura Palatina/patologia , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Fatores Reguladores de Interferon/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição PAX9/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica
13.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1522560

RESUMO

La participación de los factores antiangiogénicos, la forma soluble de la fms-semejante a la tirosina quinasa (Flt-1s) y la endoglina soluble (Engs), en el desarrollo de la preeclampsia (PE) se ha demostrado en múltiples estudios clínicos y experimentales. Estos estudios están complementados por estudios en animales, en los cuales la sobreexpresión de estos factores antiangiogénicos origina manifestaciones clínicas muy similares a la PE. El origen de esta enfermedad permanece desconocido. Sin embargo, factores genéticos, ambientales e inmunológicos parecen alterar el desarrollo normal de la placenta, lo cual conduce últimamente a la PE. Flt-1s y Engs inhiben la producción y las propiedades proangiogénicas del factor de crecimiento vascular endotelial (FCVE) y del factor de crecimiento placentario (FCP), necesarios para el desarrollo normal vascular de la placenta y las adaptaciones vasculares fisiológicas del embarazo. Cantidades exageradas de Flt-1s y Engs se producen en la placenta disfuncional y se liberan en la circulación materna. Altas concentraciones de Flt-1s y Engs se encuentran en la circulación materna semanas antes de que la enfermedad sea detectada clínicamente. Las capacidades de los factores angiogénicos para predecir PE en embarazos asintomáticos de riesgo bajo y alto son inconsistentes y no útiles para el uso clínico. Por otro lado, proporciones de los factores Flt-1s/FCP, FCP/Flt-1s, y FCP/Eng poseen valores predictivos más altos para diagnosticar PE y predecir sus complicaciones en mujeres con sintomatología de PE. En estas condiciones, el uso clínico de estos marcadores biológicos podría ser implementado en un futuro cercano. Las propiedades biológicas y farmacocinéticas de las estatinas las convierten en uno de los medicamentos con más potencial preventivo para la PE. Otros opciones terapéuticas que se están estudiando son medicamentos que directamente inhiban los factores antiangiogénicos circulantes. Estudios in vitro y estudios pilotos clínicos se están realizando actualmente examinando la seguridad materno-fetal, la transferencia placentaria y la efectividad de estas terapias.


The role of the antiangiogenic factors, the soluble form of the fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor 1 (sFlt1) and the soluble endoglin (sEng), in the development of preeclampsia (PE) has been demonstrated in multiple clinical and experimental studies. These studies are complemented by animal studies, in which overexpression of these antiangiogenic factors leads to clinical manifestations similar to PE. Although, the origin of this disease remains unknown, genetic, environmental, and immunological factors appear to affect the normal placental development, resulting ultimately in PE. sFlt-1 and sEng inhibit the proangiogenic properties of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the placental growth factor (PlGF), affecting the normal vascular development in the placenta and the physiological vascular adaptations that occur in pregnancy. Exaggerated amounts of sFlt-1 and sEng, produced in the dysfunctional placenta, are released into the maternal circulation and elevated circulating concentrations of these antiangiogenic factors are found several weeks prior to the clinical manifestations of the disease. Multiple studies have reported the capacity of circulating antiangiogenic factor concentrations to predict PE in asymptomatic low and high risk pregnancies. The reported predictive values of sFlt-1 and sEng are inconsistent across these studies and therefore their clinical use in this population is not recommended. On the other hand, maternal plasma concentrations of these factors appear to have a better performance in women with symptoms of PE. Among the possible combinations, the ratios of sFlt-1/PlGF, PlGF/sFlt-1, and PlGF/Engs seem to have the highest sensitivities and specificities to diagnose PE as well as the highest predictive values for PE-related adverse outcomes. These properties support their clinical use in this setting and it is likely those ancillary tests will be incorporated to the clinical practice in the near future. The participation of antiangiogenic factors in the pathogenesis of PE, also have stimulated investigation of new targeted therapies. The biological and pharmacokinetic properties of statins have converted them in one of the most promising preventive therapies for this disease. Others are investigating agents that directly inhibit the circulating antiangiogenic factors. In-vitro and pilot clinical studies are currently evaluating the effectiveness, maternal-fetal safety, and placental transference of these therapies.

14.
Med. lab ; 19(5-6): 243-255, 2013. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-834751

RESUMO

La epigenética se refiere a la aparición de cambios heredables en la expresión de genes sin alteración en la secuencia de ADN (ácido desoxirribonucleico). Mecanismos como la acetilación y deacetilación de histonas, la hipometilación global del genoma y en especial la hipermetilación del ADN, están implicados en la regulación transcripcional de genes supresores de tumores y de genes relacionadoscon el control de ciclo celular y la apoptosis en diferentes tipos de neoplasias hematológicas. La alteración de estos mecanismos se relaciona con la progresión entre fases clínicas y la resistencia al tratamiento en pacientes con leucemia mieloide crónica, por lo que la detección de alteraciones epigenéticas es una herramienta novedosa para el seguimiento de la neoplasia. Además, el uso de agentes desmetilantes como terapia epigenética es una alternativa complementaria de tratamiento, ya que aumenta la respuesta en pacientes resistentes a inhibidores de tirosina quinasa.


Epigenetics refers to the appearance of heritable changes in gene expression without any alteration in DNA sequence. Mechanisms such as acetylation and deacetylation of histones, global genome hypomethylation and DNA hypermethylation are involved in transcriptional regulation of tumor suppressor genes and genes involved in apoptosis and cell cycle control in various types of hematological malignancies. The appearance of this type of mechanism is related with disease progression and treatment resistance in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia; therefore, the detection of epigenetic alterations has become an innovative tool for monitoring these neoplasms. In addition, the use of demethylating agents as epigenetic therapy is an alternative and complementary therapy that may enhance clinical response to treatment in patients with resistance to tirosine kinase inhibitors.


Assuntos
Humanos , Metilação de DNA , Epigenômica , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases
15.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 18(2): 119-123, mar.-abr. 2011.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-594832

RESUMO

La leucemia es una enfermedad maligna que se caracteriza por una proliferación no controlada de una clona iniciada en una etapa precoz de la diferenciación linfoide. Es importante determinar si hay una alteración genética conocida como cromosoma Filadelfia, para pronóstico y tratamiento. El imatinib, un inhibidor de la tirosina kinasa, tiene buena respuesta terapéutica y pocos efectos adversos. Uno de frecuente aparición es la serositis manifestada como derrame pleural, aunque es de menor incidencia asociada con derrame pericárdico. El tratamiento se debe individualizar, pero en caso de inminente taponamiento cardiaco se realiza pericardiocentesis.


Leukemia is a malignant disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of a clone initiated at an early stage of lymphoid differentiation. It is important to determine if there is a genetic disorder known as the Philadelphia chromosome, for both prognosis and treatment. Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor has good therapeutic response and few adverse effects. An adverse event is the frequent occurrence of serositis manifested as pleural effusion, but its association with pericardial effusion has a lower incidence. Treatment should be individualized, but in case of imminent cardiac tamponade pericardiocentesis is performed.


Assuntos
Tamponamento Cardíaco , Derrame Pericárdico
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