Fatal visceral larva migrans from Toxocara catis infection of the heart and liver in a child.

We discuss the pathophysiology and epidemiology of Toxocara catis infection complicated by visceral larval migrans . We describe a previously healthy 19-month-old white male child found dead in bed by his mother. He had what was thought to be an upper respiratory infection for several days.The child had eosinophilic hepatitis and myocarditis complicating visceral larval migrans due to Toxocara catis infection from the family cat. We discuss the pathologic and clinical aspects of visceral larval migrans due to of Toxocara catis infection.

Clinical spectrum of symptoms in cerebral Toxocariasis (Review).

Human helminth zoonosis is one of the most encountered helminthiases worldwide. Representative diseases include Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, which are common nematodes prevalent in dogs and cats. The infiltration of these roundworms in the human body through contaminated food or nematode eggs could lead to central nervous system injury as the roundworms can cross the blood-brain barrier leading to neurotoxocariasis. Among the neurological and neuropsychological disturbances produced by Toxocara infection, in humans, the most representative are meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis and cerebral vasculitis, but asymptomatic central nervous system infection is probably the most prevalent. The present review examines the clinical symptomatology of neurotoxocariasis in case reports in the literature in the last 7 decades (1950-2020). The available evidence was retrieved from PubMed and Medline electronic databases. The present review reports the most prevalent clinical symptomatology in the cases of detected and diagnosed Toxocara infection with neuroinvasion. Thus, the present review aims to raise the awareness of neurological cases of Toxocara infection with the potential to at least establish differential diagnosis of neurotoxocariasis.

Manifestaciones cardiovasculares de la toxocariasis humana / Cardiovascular manifestations of human toxocariasis

La toxocariasis es una infección parasitaria producida por un helminto que en el ser humano no alcanza su estadio adulto. El hombre es para sus especies, Toxocara canis y Toxocara cati, un hospedador paraténico. Dicha infección puede producir el síndrome de larva migrans visceral, el síndrome de larva migrans ocular y la toxocariasis inaparente. En el síndrome de larva migrans visceral el compromiso de órganos puede incluir hígado, pulmón, piel, sistema nervioso, musculoesquelético, riñón y corazón. Sobre este último, cada vez se reconoce más la importancia que pueden tener las manifestaciones cardiovasculares de la toxocariasis y la relevancia clínica de considerarlas. En el presente artículo, haciendo una búsqueda sistemática de información, se revisan los principales aspectos clinicopatológicos de las manifestaciones cardiovasculares de la toxocariasis incluyendo su fisiopatología, hallazgos de laboratorio, diagnóstico y opciones terapéuticas, con el objeto de llamar la atención acerca de la importancia de esta zoonosis y su relevancia para la medicina cardiovascular en adultos y en niños.

Toxocariasis is a parasitic infection produced by helminths that cannot reach their adult stage in humans. For their etiological species (Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati), man is a paratenic host. Infection by such helminths can produce a variety of clinical manifestations, such as: visceral larvae migrans syndrome, ocular larvae migrans syndrome and covert toxoca-riasis. In the visceral larvae migrans syndrome, the organs that are mainly involved include liver, lungs, skin, nervous system, muscles, kidneys and the heart. Regarding the latter, the importance of cardiovascular manifestations in toxocariasis, as well as its clinical relevance, has increasingly begun to be recognized. The current article is based on a systematic information search, focused mainly on the clinical and pathological aspects of cardiovascular manifestations in toxocariasis, including its pathophysiology, laboratory findings, diagnosis and therapeutical options, with the objective of highlighting its importance as a zoonosis and its relevance to the fields of cardiovascular medicine in adults and children.

Efecto antiparasitario de los extractos etanólicos y etéreos de Ficus obtusifolia Kunth ( Moraceae), frente a parásitos de clase nematodos ( Toxocara catis y Toxocara canis) / Antiparasitic effect of ethanolic and ethereal extracts of Ficus obtusifolia Kunth ( Moraceae), against nematode class parasites (Toxocara cati and Toxocara canis)

A los extractos etanólico y etéreo de hojas y frutos de Ficus obtusifolia Kunth (Moraceae), se les evaluó la actividad antiparasitaria contra Toxocara canis y Toxocara catis, y la antimicrobiana, contra Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli y Proteus vulgaris. Asimismo, se les realizó tamización fitoquímica para determinar algunos metabolitos secundarios y se midió su toxicidad con Artemia salina. El extracto etanólico del fruto mostró mayor mortalidad para parásitos adultos in vivo y presentó mayor inhibición embrionaria en huevos de T. canis. Ningún extracto exhibió halo de inhibición en el agar Mueller-Hinton, lo cual indica que no hay actividad antimicrobiana. Se observó mayor toxicidad frente a la A. salina a las 24 horas, para el extracto etanólico de hojas y frutos.

The antiaparatsitic activity of ether and ethanol extract in Ficus obtusifolia Kunth (Moraceae) leaves and fruits was assessed against Toxocara canis and Toxocara catis and the antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, E-coli and Proteus vulgaris. Likewise, phytochemical screening was conducted to determine some secondary metabolites, and their toxicity was measured with Arthemia saline. Ethanol fruit extract showed a better mortality rate for adult parasites in vivo and showed higher embryonic inhibition in eggs of T. canis. No extract showed an inhibition halo in the Mueller-Hinton agar, which indicates that there is no antimicrobial activity. Increased toxicity was observed in contact with Arthemia saline at 24 hours for the ethanol extract of leaves and fruit.