Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 8 de 8
Filtrar
Mais filtros











Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Int. j. morphol ; 42(2): 452-457, abr. 2024. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1558140

RESUMO

SUMMARY: Excessive alcohol consumption adversely affects bone metabolism, thus resulting in reduced bone length, density, and strength. Moreover, these deficits in bone density and strength are likely to increase the risk of fragility fractures and the early onset of osteoporosis. While excessive alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for osteoporotic fractures, there remains a dearth of information in literature about bone effects of binge alcohol consumption in adolescents. Therefore, our study aimed to examine the effects of acute binge alcohol consumption on the adolescent bone micro-architecture and tensile strength. Twelve male Sprague Dawley rats aged 7 weeks were randomly placed in 2 groups: alcohol (n =6), receiving alcohol (3g/kg) and pair-fed control (n = 6), receiving an isocaloric equivalent of maltose dextrin via oral gavage for 3 days in one week (on alternative days). The femora were dissected and scanned using a Micro-Focus X-ray Computed Tomography (3D-µCT). Following reconstruction, trabecular morphometry was assessed in both the proximal and distal epiphysis, using a Volume Graphics Studio® software. A three-point bending test was employed to examine the effect of alcohol on the tensile strength of the bone. Results showed trabeculae parameters to be affected in the distal epiphysis of the femur, while in the proximal epiphysis it remained unaffected. Tensile strength parameters were also not affected by the consumption of alcohol. These findings may suggest that acute binge alcohol consumption has detrimental effects on the bone micro-architecture specific to the distal epiphysis.


El consumo excesivo de alcohol afecta negativamente al metabolismo óseo, lo que resulta en una reducción de la longitud, densidad y resistencia de los huesos. Además, es probable que estos déficits en la densidad y la fuerza ósea aumenten el riesgo de fracturas por fragilidad y la aparición temprana de osteoporosis. Si bien el consumo excesivo de alcohol es un factor de riesgo establecido para las fracturas osteoporóticas, existe escasa información en la literatura sobre los efectos óseos del consumo excesivo de alcohol en adolescentes. Por lo tanto, nuestro estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar los efectos del consumo excesivo de alcohol en la microarquitectura ósea y la resistencia a la tracción e n ratas adolescentes. Doce ratas macho Sprague Dawley de 7 semanas de edad se colocaron aleatoriamente en 2 grupos: alcohol (n = 6), que recibieron alcohol (3 g/kg) y control (n = 6), que recibieron un equivalente isocalórico de maltosa dextrina mediante sonda oral, durante 3 días en una semana (en días alternos). Los fémures se diseccionaron y escanearon mediante una tomografía computarizada de rayos X con microenfoque (3D-mCT). Después de la reconstrucción, se evaluó la morfometría trabecular tanto en la epífisis proximal como en la distal, utilizando un software Volume Graphics Studio®. Se empleó una prueba de flexión de tres puntos para examinar el efecto del alcohol sobre la resistencia a la tracción del hueso. Los resultados mostraron que los parámetros de las trabéculas se vieron afectados en la epífisis distal del fémur, mientras que en la epífisis proximal no se observaron afectados. Los parámetros de resistencia a la tracción tampoco se vieron afectados por el consumo de alcohol. Estos hallazgos pueden sugerir que el consumo excesivo de alcohol tiene efectos perjudiciales sobre la microarquitectura ósea específica de la epífisis distal del hueso.


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Etanol/toxicidade , Fêmur/efeitos dos fármacos , Osso Esponjoso/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Etanol/sangue , Concentração Alcoólica no Sangue
2.
Cardiovasc Toxicol ; 22(12): 962-970, 2022 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36350556

RESUMO

The heart of higher vertebrates develops early as a tubular structure, which requires cellular and molecular events for proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis for growth, and individualization of cardiac chambers. Exposure to different stressors can cause disturbances in the normal development and functionality of the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to characterize the impact of methylmercury (MeHg) on heart development, specifically related to tissue morphology and parameters of vascular integrity and contractility, also focusing on cell cycle and apoptosis, using Gallus domesticus embryos as a model. The results showed morphological alterations, reduction in the thickness of the ventricular walls, and trabeculae changes in the hearts of embryos exposed to 0.1 µg MeHg/50 µL saline solution. These impacts were associated with increased contents of proteins related to cell cycle arrest and reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation. In addition, the contents of endothelial mediators for contractility and vascular integrity were imbalanced. The quantity and morphology of mitochondria of cardiomyocytes were injured. Together, these negative measurements impacted the reduction of heartbeats. In general, the parameters identified here demonstrate the relevance of combined molecular cellular tissue and physiological diagnosis for a better understanding of the cardiotoxicity of MeHg during development.


Assuntos
Compostos de Metilmercúrio , Animais , Compostos de Metilmercúrio/toxicidade , Miócitos Cardíacos , Apoptose , Diferenciação Celular , Cardiotoxicidade
3.
Dev Dyn ; 251(6): 1004-1014, 2022 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34423892

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: During amphibian metamorphosis, the crucial moment lies in the rearrangement of the heart, reflecting the changes in circulatory demands. However, little is known about the exact shifts linked with this rearrangement. Here, we demonstrate such myocardial changes in axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) from the morphological and physiological point of view. RESULTS: Micro-CT and histological analysis showed changes in ventricular trabeculae organization, completion of the atrial septum and its connection to the atrioventricular valve. Based on Myosin Heavy Chain and Smooth Muscle Actin expression we distinguished metamorphosis-induced changes in myocardial differentiation at the ventricular trabeculae and atrioventricular canal. Using optical mapping, faster speed of conduction through the atrioventricular canal was demonstrated in metamorphic animals. No differences between the groups were observed in the heart rates, ventricular activation times, and activation patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Transition from aquatic to terrestrial life-style is reflected in the heart morphology and function. Rebuilding of the axolotl heart during metamorphosis was connected with reorganization of ventricular trabeculae, completion of the atrial septum and its connection to the atrioventricular valve, and acceleration of AV conduction.


Assuntos
Ambystoma mexicanum , Coração , Ambystoma mexicanum/fisiologia , Animais , Evolução Biológica , Metamorfose Biológica/fisiologia , Miocárdio
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(5): 1436-1442, oct. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385488

RESUMO

SUMMARY: Gestational alcohol exposure inhibits neurological as well as bone growth and development both in fetal and postnatal life. Stunted stature, osteoporosis and fractures in adult life are some of the adverse effects. While the impact of intrauterine alcohol on the brain has been extensively investigated, studies on the effects on bone are relatively few. Therefore, our study aimed to examine the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on bone microarchitecture in 3-week-old rats using Micro-focus X-Ray Computed Tomography (Micro CT). Time mated pregnant Sprague Dawley dams (13) were randomly placed into 3 groups: ethanol (n=5), saline control (n=5) and untreated control (n=3). The former 2 groups received treatment with 0.015ml/g of 25.2 % ethanol and 0.9 % saline, respectively, for the first 19 days of gestation. The untreated group received no treatment. The pups remained with their dams until termination at 21 days of age. From each dam, 2 pups were collected resulting in: ethanol (n=10), saline controls (n= 10) and untreated controls (n = 6). The humeri of the pups were dissected and scanned using a 3D-μCT scanner (Nikon XTH 225L) at 15μm resolution. Trabecular and cortical parameters were analysed using Volume Graphics Studio® software following reconstruction. Results showed a decrease in trabecular size, spaces, thickness, and volume. There was a decrease in cortical bone area in the ethanol group compared to the controls. These findings may suggest that osteoporosis and fractures seen as gestational alcohol effects may be due to compromised trabecular structure.


RESUMEN: La exposición al alcohol durante la gestación inhibe el crecimiento y desarrollo neurológico y óseo tanto en la vida fetal como posnatal. Algunos de los efectos adversos incluyen la estatura atrofiada, osteoporosis y fracturas en la vida adulta. Si bien se ha estudiado el impacto del alcohol intrauterino en el cerebro, los estudios sobre los efectos en los huesos son escasos. Por lo tanto, nuestro estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar el impacto de la exposición prenatal al alcohol en la microarquitectura ósea en ratas de 3 semanas de edad utilizando Tomografía Computarizada de Rayos X Micro-focus (Micro CT). Las hembras de Sprague Dawley preñadas con apareamiento temporal (13) se colocaron aleatoriamente en 3 grupos: etanol (n = 5), control de solución salina (n = 5) y control sin tratar (n = 3). Los primeros 2 grupos recibieron tratamiento con 0,015 ml /g de etanol al 25,2 % y solución salina al 0,9 %, respectivamente, durante los primeros 19 días de gestación. El grupo no tratado no recibió tratamiento. Las crías permanecieron con sus madres hasta la terminación a los 21 días de edad. De cada madre, se recolectaron 2 crías que dieron como resultado: etanol (n = 10), controles salinos (n = 10) y controles no tratados (n = 6). Se diseccionaron y escanearon los húmero de las crías usando un escáner 3D-μCT (Nikon XTH 225L) a una resolución de 15 μm. Los parámetros trabeculares y corticales se analizaron utilizando el software Volume Graphics Studio® después de la reconstrucción. Los resultados mostraron una disminución en el tamaño trabecular, los espacios, el grosor y el volumen. Hubo una disminución en el área del hueso cortical en el grupo de etanol en comparación con los controles. Estos hallazgos pueden sugerir que la osteoporosis y las fracturas por causa de los efectos del alcohol gestacional se pueden deber a una estructura trabecular comprometida.


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Exposição Materna , Etanol/farmacologia , Osteoporose/induzido quimicamente , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Osso Esponjoso/efeitos dos fármacos , Úmero/efeitos dos fármacos
5.
Int. j. morphol ; 38(2): 477-480, abr. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1056465

RESUMO

This study aimed to examine the differences in bone microarchitecture between different regions of the atlas in 28 dry atlas specimens using micro-CT, in order to explain the mechanism of the predilection sites of atlas fractures from the morphological point of view. A total of 28 dry specimens of intact adult atlas were randomly selected, scanned by micro-CT, and divided into a region from the anterior arch midpoint (AAM) to the lateral masses (LM), a LM region, and a region from the LM to the posterior arch midpoint (PAM). Trabecular thickness, separation, number, connectivity, and structure model index were measured for each of the three regions using the built-in software of the CT scanner. Trabecular thickness was all measured to be 0.11 ± 0.00 mm for AAM to LM, LM, and LM to PAM. Trabecular separation: AAM to LM > LM to PAM > LM. Trabecular number: LM > LM to PAM > AAM to LM. Connectivity: LM > LM to PAM > AAM to LM. Structure model index: LM > LM to PAM > AAM to LM. A lower trabecular number and connectivity and higher trabecular separation were seen in the anterior and posterior arches of the atlas, in which higher fracture rates were reported. By contrast, a higher trabecular number and connectivity and lower trabecular separation were seen in the lateral masses, in which lower fracture rates were reported.


Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar las diferencias en la microarquitectura ósea entre diferentes regiones del atlas en 28 muestras de atlas secas utilizando micro-CT, con el fin de informar el área de mayor frecuencia en las fracturas de atlas, desde el punto de vista morfológico. Se seleccionaron al azar un total de 28 muestras secas de atlas adultos intactas las que se escanearon por micro-CT y se dividieron en una región desde el punto medio del arco anterior (MAA) hasta las masas laterales (ML), una región ML y una región desde el ML hasta el punto medio del arco posterior (MAP). Se midió el grosor trabecular, la separación, el número, la conectividad y el índice del modelo de estructura para cada una de las tres regiones utilizando el software incorporado del escáner CT. El grosor trabecular se midió en 0,11 ± 0,00 mm para MAA a ML, ML y ML a MAP. Separación trabecular: MAA a ML> ML a MAP> ML. Número trabecular: ML> ML a MAP> MAA a ML. Conectividad: ML> ML a MAP> MAA a ML. Índice del modelo de estructura: ML> ML a MAP> MAA a ML. Se observó un menor número de estructuras trabeculares y conectividad y una mayor separación trabecular en los arcos anterior y posterior del atlas, en los que se informaron tasas de fracturas más altas. Por el contrario, se observó un mayor número de estructuras trabeculares y conectividad, y una menor separación trabecular en las masas laterales, en las que se observó un número menor de fracturas.


Assuntos
Humanos , Atlas Cervical/diagnóstico por imagem , Microtomografia por Raio-X/métodos , Atlas Cervical/anatomia & histologia
6.
Rev. bras. pesqui. méd. biol ; Braz. j. med. biol. res;47(4): 328-333, 8/4/2014. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-705768

RESUMO

In cardiac and skeletal muscle, eugenol (μM range) blocks excitation-contraction coupling. In skeletal muscle, however, larger doses of eugenol (mM range) induce calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The effects of eugenol are therefore dependent on its concentration. In this study, we evaluated the effects of eugenol on the contractility of isolated, quiescent atrial trabeculae from male Wistar rats (250-300 g; n=131) and measured atrial ATP content. Eugenol (1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 mM) increased resting tension in a dose-dependent manner. Ryanodine [100 µM; a specific ryanodine receptor (RyR) blocker] and procaine (30 mM; a nonspecific RyR blocker) did not block the increased resting tension induced by eugenol regardless of whether extracellular calcium was present. The myosin-specific inhibitor 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM), however, reversed the increase in resting tension induced by eugenol. In Triton-skinned atrial trabeculae, in which all membranes were solubilized, eugenol did not change resting tension, maximum force produced, or the force vs pCa relationship (pCa=-log [Ca2+]). Given that eugenol reduced ATP concentration, the increase in resting tension observed in this study may have resulted from cooperative activation of cardiac thin filaments by strongly attached cross-bridges (rigor state).


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cálcio/fisiologia , Eugenol/farmacologia , Acoplamento Excitação-Contração/efeitos dos fármacos , Átrios do Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Força Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Contração Miocárdica/efeitos dos fármacos , Trifosfato de Adenosina/análise , Anestésicos Locais/farmacologia , Eugenol/administração & dosagem , Técnicas In Vitro , Luciferases , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Procaína/farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , Rianodina/farmacologia
7.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 18(1): 9-16, 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-643205

RESUMO

Objective: Non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCC) is a genetic disorder characterized by the presence of an extensive trabecular layer of myocardium with intertrabecular recesses in communication with the ventricular cavity. The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical and morphological characteristics of patients with NCC with and without systolic dysfunction assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, as well as to discuss the value and limitations of echocardiography and CMR imaging in its diagnosis. Twenty patients diagnosed with NCC were retrospectively included. Studies were performed on a 1.5 Tesla resonator. The end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and end-systolic volumen (LVESV), end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), cardiac mass and LV trabeculations were determined. A 17-segment myocardium segmentation model was applied. Student s T test was used to compare variables between groups. Significance level was set at p <0.05. Correlation between 2 continuous variables was calculated using the linear regression model. The statistical software package used for data analysis was StatsDirect (Version 2.6.5,. Altrincham, UK. Results: The average thickness of NC myocardial segments and normal myocardium was 13.1 +/- 3.3 mm and 3.6 +/- 0.6 mm, respectively. The average number of myocardial segments with NC was 8.2 +/- 1.2. The more affected segments were the apex of the heart and the lateral segments at the apical and mid-ventricular level. LVEDD, LVEDV, global LV mass, compacted and trabeculated, were significantly increased in the group of patients with ventricular dysfunction. LVEF had a negative linear correlation with trabecular myocardal mass (MM)/ m2 (R = 0.67, p = 0.001), LVEDV /m2 (R = 0.77, p <0.001) and LVEDD/m2 (R = 0.7, p <0.001). Similarly, a negative linear correlation between LVTM/m² and LVEDV/m² (R = 0.76, p < 0.001) was observed. Conclusion: In our population...


Objetivos: La miocardiopatía no compactada (MNC) es un desorden genético caracterizado por la presencia de una extensa capa de miocardio trabeculado con recesos intertrabeculares comunicados con la cavidad ventricular. El objetivo del trabajo es evaluar las características clínicas y morfológicas de los pacientes con MNC con y sin disfunción sistólica evaluados por resonancia magnética cardíaca (RMC), y poner en discusión los alcances y las limitaciones de la ecocardiografía y la RMC en su diagnóstico. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron en forma retrospectiva 20 pacientes con diagnóstico de MNC. Los estudios se realizaron en un resonador de 1.5 Tesla. Se determinaron: volumen de fin de diástole (VFDVI) y sístole, diámetro de fin de diástole (DFDVI) y sístole, fracción de eyección (FEVI), masa cardíaca y trabeculaciones del VI. La distribución del miocardio NC se llevó a cabo con el modelo de 17 segmentos miocárdicos. Se empleó el test de Student para comparar las variables entre ambos grupos. El nivel de significancia fue establecido en p < 0,05. La correlación entre 2 variables continuas se calculó usando el modelo de regresión lineal. Los análisis se realizaron utilizando el software de estadística StatsDirect (versión 2.6.5, Altrincham, UK). Resultados: El espesor medio del miocardio NC y el miocardio normal fue 13.1 +/- 3.3 mm y 3.6 +/- 0.6 mm respectivamente. El número medio de segmentos con miocardio NC fue 8.2 +/- 1.2, siendo los más afectados el ápex y los segmentos laterales a nivel apical y medioventricular. El DFDVI, el VFDVI, la masa global, compactada y trabeculada del VI estuvieron incrementados en forma significativa en el grupo de pacientes con disfunción ventricular. La FEVI tuvo una correlación lineal negativa con masa de miocardio trabeculado del VI (MTVI)/m2 (R = 0.67, p = 0.001), el VFDVI/m2 (R = 0.77, p < 0.001) y el DFDVI/m2 (R = 0.7, p < 0.001). Asimismo, hubo una correlación lineal negativa entre la MTVI/m2 y el VFDVI/m2...


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cardiomiopatias/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Técnicas de Imagem Cardíaca/métodos , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda , Ecocardiografia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Miocárdio/patologia , Volume Sistólico
8.
Medicina (Guayaquil) ; 11(3): 227-233, sept. 2006.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-652679

RESUMO

Los quistes aracnoideos espinales son colecciones de líquido producidos por una alteración en las trabéculas aracnoideas, y son una causa muy infrecuente de compresión medular. Las etiologías de las compresiones medulares son extra e intradural. En el primer grupo dominan las metástasis vertebrales; y en el segundo, la etiología más frecuente está constituída por tumores benignos extramedulares, cuyo pronóstico es excelente si la intervención es oportuna. El diagnóstico y el tratamiento de las compresiones medulares se manifiestan como verdaderas urgencias, a las cuales debe darse una solución antes de la aparición de lesiones medulares irreversibles. Los quistes aracnoidales extradurales son lesiones expansivas poco frecuentes del canal espinal. Pueden manifestarse como radiculopatías, mieloradiculopatías o mielopatías lentamente progresivas y con poca frecuencia causan compresión medular sintomática. Hasta alrededor de los años setenta el tratamiento de elección en la fase inicial de las lesiones medulares era el conservador. Sin embargo, presentamos un caso clínico hospitalizado en el centro asistencial Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde.


Spinal subarachnoid cysts are colections of liquid that develops from the abnormality of the arachnoid trabeculae. They are the rare cause of spinal compression. Spinal compression can be caused by extra or intradural tumors. Extradural tumors are metastatic tumors of the vertebrae. The intradural tumors are benign extramedullary tumors that are very common and have good prognosis. Diagnosis and treatment of spinal compression should be given before the spinal lesions are irreversible. Extradural arachnoid cyst are rare and are responsible of radiculopathies, mieloradiculopathies and mielopathies that is slowly progressive. We have a case admitted to the Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde hospital.


Assuntos
Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Aracnoide-Máter , Cistos do Sistema Nervoso Central , Medula Espinal , Hipotonia Muscular , Reflexo Anormal
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA