Wiki educativa para la Clínica Virtual de Salud de Santiago de Cuba

El programa de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones se ha implementado en todas las instituciones pertenecientes al sector de la salud en Cuba, pues favorece la formación a través de los entornos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en función del desarrollo y las perspectivas académicas, mediante plataformas tecnológicas para facilitar el intercambio de información. En el presente artículo se destaca la necesidad de incrementar el uso de la wiki como herramienta educativa, que favorece el aprendizaje colaborativo como un proceso de creación de conocimiento a través de la web 2.0, donde no solo se publican contenidos sino que contribuye a desarrollar habilidades de cooperación en los procesos formativos de la salud pública.

The program of information and communications technologies has been implemented in all the institutions belonging to the health sector in Cuba, because it favors the training through the teaching and learning environments in function of development and academic perspectives, by means of technological platforms to facilitate the exchange of information. In this work the necessity to increase the wiki use as educational tool in enhanced, that favors the collaborative learning as a process of knowledge creation through the web 2.0, where contents are not only published but also contributes to develop cooperation abilities in the training processes of public health.

Estado inicial de la virtualización del proceso de formación en una Universidad

El desarrollo de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC) genera nuevas demandas sociales a la educación. En los últimos años, la utilización de elementos tecnológicos en los contextos educativos ha conllevado a la realización de profundas transformaciones en las instituciones y en la forma de organizar y trabajar el proceso docente educativo. El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar el estado inicial de la virtualización del proceso de formación en la Universidad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física y Deporte Manuel Fajardo. Para lograr este propósito se aplicó un conjunto de instrumentos (encuestas a estudiantes y profesores, entrevistas a directivos y guía de observación a los cursos implementados en la plataforma virtual Moodle). Se asumió un enfoque mixto que posibilitó buscar información sobre la virtualización del proceso de formación de la Universidad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física y el Deporte (UCCFD) Manuel Fajardo desde las miradas de los distintos actores del proceso, lo que permitió lograr una mayor fidelidad de los resultados obtenidos en los instrumentos aplicados. Los resultados de las encuestas a estudiantes y profesores fueron divididos en positivos y negativos (Carencias y Fortalezas), para destacar la necesidad de elaborar un modelo de virtualización del proceso de formación de la UCCFD "Manuel Fajardo".

O desenvolvimento das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) gera novas demandas sociais para a educação. Nos últimos anos, o uso de elementos tecnológicos em contextos educacionais levou a profundas transformações nas instituições e na forma de organizar e trabalhar o processo de ensino e educação. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar o estado inicial da virtualização do processo de treinamento na Universidade Manuel Fajardo de Cultura Física e Ciências do Esporte. Para atingir esse objetivo, foi aplicado um conjunto de instrumentos (pesquisas com alunos e professores, entrevistas com diretores e um guia de observação dos cursos implementados na plataforma virtual Moodle). Foi adotada uma abordagem mista, que possibilitou a busca de informações sobre a virtualização do processo de treinamento na Universidade de Ciências da Cultura Física e do Esporte Manuel Fajardo (UCCFD) a partir dos pontos de vista dos diferentes atores do processo, o que permitiu obter maior precisão nos resultados obtidos nos instrumentos aplicados. Os resultados das pesquisas com alunos e professores foram divididos em positivos e negativos (deficiências e pontos fortes), a fim de destacar a necessidade de desenvolver um modelo de virtualização para o processo de formação na UCCFD "Manuel Fajardo".

The development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) generates new social demands on education. In recent years, the use of technological elements in educational contexts has led to profound transformations in institutions and in the way of organizing and working the educational teaching process. The objective of this article was to analyze the initial state of the virtualization of the training process at the Manuel Fajardo University of Physical Culture and Sports Sciences. To achieve this purpose, a set of instruments was applied (surveys to students and teachers, interviews with managers and an observation guide to the courses implemented on the Moodle virtual platform). A mixed approach was assumed that made it possible to search for information on the virtualization of the training process of the "Manuel Fajardo" University of Physical Culture and Sports Sciences (UCCFD in Spanish) from the perspectives of the different actors in the process, which allowed achieving greater fidelity of the results obtained in the applied instruments. The results of the surveys to students and teachers were divided into positive and negative (Shortcomings and Strengths), to highlight the need to develop a virtualization model of the training process of the UCCFD "Manuel Fajardo".

Supporting employability through sport: what kind of training?

Training, as a core device in the projects that use sport to increase employability, is today a much-cited element in papers in the sector. However, there seems to be little research that specifically delves into training processes. This contribution analyses the state of the art on the subject, focusing on the characteristics of the training courses mentioned in literature, highlighting some recurring critical issues. A proposal, which considers the limitations discussed above, is formulated as a result of this analysis. More specifically, we introduce, as a contribution to the debate, a training model for team sports coaches developed within the EU Erasmus + sport project SBSMED. Theoretical assumptions, methodology, contents and assessment methods of training effectiveness will be explained, highlighting valuable elements and the open issues that emerge from this experience.

Portal integrador para la gestión de la información en la Universidad Virtual de Salud de Santiago de Cuba / Integrative portal for information management in the Health Virtual University of Santiago de Cuba i: en

Los avances en las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación han posibilitado trazar estrategias para el reordenamiento del proceso docente-educativo en estos tiempos de crisis sanitaria por la pandemia de COVID-19, que ha limitado la presencialidad en las aulas. En la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, la Universidad Virtual de Salud integra varias plataformas para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de pregrado y posgrado, tales como el aula y la clínica virtuales, el repositorio, el directorio de cursos y humanidades; sin embargo, se observa un insuficiente aprovechamiento de estas potencialidades. Por tal razón, en el presente artículo se enfatiza en la necesidad de incrementar el uso del portal integrador para la gestión de la información en la Universidad Virtual de Salud.

The advances in technologies of information and communication have facilitated to trace strategies for the reorganization of the teaching-educational process in these times of sanitary crisis due to the pandemic of COVID-19 that has limited the presence in classrooms. In the University of Medical Sciences in Santiago de Cuba, the Health Virtual University integrates several platforms for the predegree and postdegree teaching-learning, such as classroom and virtual clinic, repository, courses and humanities directory; however, an insufficient use of these potentialities is observed. For such a reason, in this work the necessity of increasing the use of the integrative portal for information management in Health Virtual University is emphasized.

Risk Factors for Injury in CrossFit®-A Retrospective Analysis.

CrossFit® is a physical activity program and sport which is based on functional movements performed at high intensity and with high variability of exercises. It develops all motor skills. The study included 424 athletes (266 men and 158 women) from twelve centers in Poland, actively practicing CrossFit® between 18 and 60 years of age. A questionnaire consisting of 25 questions was used, which was divided into four subsections concerning the characteristics of the sample, training routine, injuries, and information about environment. In total, 48% of respondents participating in the study suffered at least one injury during their entire training history. The injuries suffered most often involved shoulder joint and lumbar spine. Men were found to face a higher risk of injury than women, at 32.78% vs. 15.33% (p = 0.027). The shorter the training period, the smaller the number of injuries observed among the trainees. It was also noted that the shorter the training period, the lower the number of injuries that occurred (p = 0.041). An increase in the number of training sessions per week did not increase the incidence of injuries (p > 0.05). Performing isometric exercises during warm-up reduced the likelihood of injury during CrossFit® training itself (p = 0.012). Training despite of concomitant acute pain had a significant adverse effect on the incidence of injuries (p = 0.002). The most common risk factors for injury in the CrossFit® training process include, in particular: gender, training experience, and length of training sessions. Proper warm-up including isometric exercises and training conducted without accompanying pain symptoms reduces the risk of injury.

Proceso de capacitación para mejorar el desempeño de enfermeros técnicos en el cuidado de pacientes con enfermedades hematológicas / T raining process to improve the performance of technical nurses in the care of patients with hematological diseases

Introducción: La capacitación se considera la herramienta más importante con que cuentan las organizaciones de salud para la formación y actualización de los profesionales de enfermería. Objetivo: Caracterizar el estado actual del desempeño de los enfermeros técnicos en el cuidado de pacientes con enfermedades hematológicas en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal realizado en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología entre el 1º de julio de 2021 y el 30 de julio del 2022. Se aplicó una encuesta a 35 enfermeros técnicos, se realizó una observación del desempeño a través de una guía para identificar las principales dificultades en el cuidado de pacientes con enfermedades hematológicas. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva, distribución de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: Tenían menos de cinco años de graduados un 57,2 % del total de la muestra. Predominó como formas de superación el curso y el taller. El 65,7 % no recibió cursos de capacitación en los últimos cinco años y el 51,4 % tiene necesidades de superación profesional. Se evidenció insuficiencias en los indicadores relacionados con la participación en la toma de decisiones (71,4 %) respecto a conocimientos sobre enfermedades hematológicas y sus complicaciones (57,1 %), la autopreparación (54,3 %), la ejecución de técnicas específicas y de procedimientos invasivos (42,9 %). Conclusiones: El diagnóstico realizado permitió identificar las necesidades de aprendizaje de los enfermeros técnicos, con vistas a diseñar un proceso de capacitación para el fortalecimiento de la práctica del cuidado en pacientes con enfermedades hematológicas.

Introduction: Training is considered the most important tool available to health organizations for the training and updating of nursing professionals. Objective: To characterize the current state of the performance of technical nurses in the care of patients with hematological diseases at the Institute of Hematology and Immunology. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study at the Institute of Hematology and Immunology, between July 1st, 2021 and July 30th, 2022. A survey was applied to 35 technical nurses, performance observation was carried out through a guide to identify the main difficulties in the care of patients with hematological diseases. Descriptive statistics, distribution of absolute and relative frequencies were used. Results: Of the total sample, 57.2% had less than five years of graduation; the course and the workshop predominated as forms of improvement; 65.7% have not received training courses in the last five years and 51.4% have professional improvement needs. Insufficiencies were evidenced in the indicators related to participation in decision-making (71.4%), knowledge about hematological diseases and their complications (57.1%), self-preparation (54.3%), execution of techniques specific and invasive procedures (42.9%). Conclusions: the diagnosis made made it possible to identify the learning needs of technical nurses, with a view to designing a training process to strengthen the practice of care in patients with hematological diseases.

Diagnóstico del proceso de formación técnica en la lucha olímpica / Diagnóstico do processo de treinamento técnico na luta livre olímpica / Diagnosis of the technical training process in Olympic wrestling

RESUMEN Introducción: Los organismos internacionales y nacionales exigen un proceso de formación que facilite el acceso a los conocimientos técnicos, desde los métodos modernos de enseñanza, que sea inclusivo, equitativo y de calidad. Objetivo: En atención a ello, la investigación se orientó a diagnosticar el estado actual del proceso de formación técnica de las luchas olímpicas. Materiales y métodos: Con este propósito, se realizó un estudio longitudinal desde el año 2012 hasta 2021, seleccionándose como muestra a 18 directivos, 59 luchadores y 24 entrenadores. Se utilizaron dos teléfonos móviles para grabar y obtener las imágenes de los combates, desde donde se realizaron las observaciones de la técnica. Los métodos utilizados fueron el dialéctico-materialista, así como los de orden teórico y empíricos, se destacan la revisión de documentos, la entrevista, la encuesta y la observación, mientras como herramienta de constatación la triangulación metodológica, fundamental en el proceso de descripción del objeto de estudio. Resultados: Los procedimientos aplicados determinaron la existencia de dificultades en la dirección pedagógico-deportiva, el sistema de contenidos científico-técnicos y el análisis de factores claves de la técnica, en especial, con manejo del modelo acción (librería de video), el video-análisis (parámetros de ejecución), el factor común (selección de casos exitosos y no exitosos) y los documentos de trabajo (fichas técnicas y listado cotejo). Conclusiones: Finalmente, se declaran las pautas de un modelo didáctico para la formación de la técnica, con base en una elaboración sistémica de los contenidos científico técnicos y el análisis de factores claves, considerando las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (Tic).

SÍNTESE Introdução: Organismos internacionais e nacionais exigem um processo de treinamento que facilite o acesso ao conhecimento técnico, a partir de métodos modernos de ensino, que seja inclusivo, equitativo e de qualidade. Objetivo: Em vista disto, a pesquisa teve como objetivo diagnosticar o estado atual do processo de treinamento técnico na luta livre olímpica. Materiais e métodos: Para este fim, foi realizado um estudo longitudinal de 2012 a 2021, selecionando 18 gerentes, 59 lutadores e 24 treinadores como amostra. Dois telefones celulares foram usados para gravar e obter as imagens dos surtos, de onde foram feitas as observações da técnica. Os métodos utilizados foram dialético-materialista, bem como métodos teóricos e empíricos, incluindo revisão de documentos, entrevista, levantamento e observação, enquanto que a triangulação metodológica foi utilizada como ferramenta de verificação, fundamental no processo de descrição do objeto de estudo. Resultados: Os procedimentos aplicados determinaram a existência de dificuldades na direção pedagógico-desportiva, o sistema de conteúdo técnico-científico e a análise de fatores-chave da técnica, em particular, com o manuseio do modelo de ação (videoteca), a vídeo-análise (parâmetros de execução), o fator comum (seleção de casos de sucesso e insucesso) e os documentos de trabalho (fichas técnicas e lista de verificação). Conclusões: Finalmente, são apresentadas as diretrizes de um modelo didático de treinamento técnico, baseado em uma elaboração sistêmica dos conteúdos técnico-científicos e na análise de fatores-chave, considerando as tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC).

ABSTRACT Introduction: International and national organizations demand a training process that facilitates access to technical knowledge, from modern teaching methods, that is inclusive, equitable and of quality. Objective: In response to this, the research was aimed at diagnosing the current state of the technical training process of Olympic wrestling. Materials and methods: For this purpose, a longitudinal study was carried out from 2012 to 2021, selecting 18 managers, 59 wrestlers and 24 coaches as a sample. Two mobile phones were used to record and obtain the images of the combats, from where the observations of the technique were made. The methods used were the dialectical-materialist, as well as those of a theoretical and empirical nature, highlighting the review of documents, the interview, the survey and the observation, while as a verification tool the methodological triangulation, fundamental in the process of describing the object of study. Results: The applied procedures determined the existence of difficulties in the pedagogical-sports direction, the scientific-technical content system and the analysis of key factors of the technique, especially, with handling of the action model (video library), the video -analysis (execution parameters), the common factor (selection of successful and unsuccessful cases) and working documents (technical sheets and comparison list). Conclusions: Finally, the guidelines of a didactic model for the trainig of the technique are declared, based on a systemic elaboration of the scientific-technical contents and the analysis of key factors, considering the information and communication technologies (ICT).

Player's Physical Fitness, Training Process, and Team Support Impact on Football Team Performance in Thailand: Mediating Role of Player Satisfaction / Impacto de la condición física, el proceso de entrenamiento y el apoyo del equipo del jugador en el rendimiento del equipo de fútbol en Tailandia: papel mediador de la satisfacción del jugador

Globally, team performance has become a crucial factor for the success of any sport, attracting the interest of regulators, coaches, and new researchers. Therefore, the current study investigates the impact of critical factors such as physical fitness, training process, and team support on the performance of the Thai national football team. In addition, this article examines the mediating effect of player satisfaction on the relationships between physical fitness, training process, team support, and football team performance in Thailand. The researchers collected the data using primary data collection methods such as questionnaires. The respondents were selected using purposive sampling, and smart-PLS was used to assess the reliability and relationships between variables. The results demonstrated that physical fitness, training process, and team support positively affect the performance of the Thai national football team. In addition, the results indicated that player satisfaction significantly mediates the relationships between physical fitness, training process, team support, and football team performance in Thailand. This article assists regulators in developing regulations regarding team performance and serves as a guide for future researchers investigating this field.(AU)

Changes in physical fitness and body composition of pilot cadets before and after a process of directed flight preparation.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to check the changes in the level of physical fitness and body composition after a directed training process in cadets-pilots, in relation to control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 29 cadets studying at the Air Force Military Academy in Deblin. Group A (study group)-second year pilots (n = 17), male, with an average age of 19.94 ± 1.3 years, studying to become an aircraft pilot, who realized 35-h directed training process based on the Aviation Synthetic Efficiency Test (ASET) and group B (control group)-second year in the field of ground navigation (n = 12), male, with an average age of 19.83 ± 1.27 years, completing the standard physical education process. In both groups, the fitness tests and physiological studies were conducted twice time: before starting the training process-study I; after the training process-study II. Fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass (MM), total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) were measurement with using the bioimpedance method with using body composition analyzer the AKERN 101 type BIA 101SE. RESULTS: In group A in study II, fitness was at a good level, while in group B it was below the standard expected for pilots. There was statistically significant decrease in fat mass (FM) and increase in fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass (MM), total body water (TBW) in group A compared to group B. In study II, group A showed no significant correlation between ASET and FM, FFM, MM, TBW while group B showed statistically significant correlations. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in study II showed an increase in directed physical fitness in groups A and B, as measured by ASET. In both groups A and B, the training process decreased FM and increased FFM, MM, and TBW, but a greater effect of these changes was observed in group A.

Necesidad social de la regulación emocional en estudiantes al iniciar la práctica estomatológica / Necesidad social de la regulación emocional en estudiantes al iniciar la práctica estomatológica

RESUMEN Se presentan los resultados de una revisión bibliográfica realizada desde mayo a julio de 2021; como parte de la investigación relativa a la formación de la competencia regulación emocional en estudiantes de Estomatología al iniciar la práctica clínica. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se emplearon métodos del nivel teórico tales como el histórico-lógico, análisis-síntesis y la inducción-deducción con el objetivo de argumentar, desde un enfoque de Ciencia Tecnología y Sociedad, la importancia de la formación de la competencia regulación emocional en estudiantes de Estomatología al iniciar la práctica clínica. Los principales resultados radican en que la sociedad necesita que los egresados de Estomatología tengan habilidades científico-técnicas referidas a su perfil profesional, pero también demanda de un experto que ofrezca confianza. A través de la competencia regulación emocional, los estudiantes tienen la capacidad de reaccionar de forma adecuada a sus emociones personales y a aquellas experimentadas por los pacientes por ello se concluye que los procesos de educación y formación deben tener presente el desarrollo de las competencias emocionales integrándolas en lo curricular.

ABSTRACT The results of a bibliographic review carried out from May to July 2021 are presented; as part of the research related to the formation of emotional regulation competence in Dentistry students at the beginning of clinical practice. To carry out this work, theoretical methods such as historical-logical, analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction were used, with the aim of explaining, from a Science, Technology and Society approach, the need for the formation of this competence in care performance. The main results are that society needs dentistry graduates to have scientific-technical skills in accordance with their professional profile, but also, demands an expert who offers confidence. Through the emotional regulation competence, students have the ability to react appropriately to their personal emotions and those experienced by patients. It is concluded that the education and training processes must take into account the development of emotional competencies by integrating them into the curriculum.

Curso optativo para el trabajo preventivo de los estudiantes de Estomatología desde los medios de comunicación masiva

RESUMEN Introducción: La educación para la salud en la carrera de Estomatología contribuye de manera favorable a la formación profesional del estudiante universitario de Ciencias Médicas, ya que refuerza sus conocimientos sobre salud bucal, los ayuda a comprender la realidad del individuo, la familia, la comunidad y así desarrollar actitudes de comunicación para llegar a los demás, que le permitan alcanzar con ello, las competencias que todo estomatólogo debe tener. Objetivo: Diseñar un curso optativo sobre el trabajo preventivo de los estudiantes de Estomatología desde los medios de comunicación masiva. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de desarrollo, de carácter educativo, entre los meses de enero y julio del año 2021. Se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos en función de la revisión bibliográfica y documental; se realizó análisis, síntesis y contrastación de criterios a partir de los materiales revisados y los criterios de los autores; y se estimaron aportes de especialistas en Estomatología General Integral y de los medios de comunicación. Resultados: Se diseñó un curso dirigido a estudiantes de Estomatología, integrado por cuatro temas, con un enfoque activo y participativo, a través de diferentes formas de enseñanza-aprendizaje, donde el trabajo con los medios estimuló una actitud reflexiva y crítica en los profesionales de la salud. Discusión: El curso contribuyó a la formación de los estudiantes de Estomatología sobre la prevención de las enfermedades odontológicas y enriqueció la propaganda desde los medios de comunicación para la prevención de la salud bucal, lo que proporcionó un mejor desempeño en la confección de materiales educativos en función de la formación de los recursos humanos en ciencias médicas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Health education in the Stomatology career contributes favorably to the professional training of the Medical Sciences university student, since it reinforces their knowledge about oral health, helps them understand the reality of the individual, the family, the community and thus develop communication attitudes to reach others, which allow them to achieve with it, the skills that every stomatologist should have. Objective: To design an elective course on the preventive work of Stomatology students from the mass media. Methods: An educational development research was carried out between the months of January and July of the year 2021. Theoretical and empirical methods were used based on the bibliographic and documentary review; An analysis, synthesis and comparison of criteria was carried out based on the reviewed materials and the authors' criteria; and contributions from specialists in Comprehensive General Stomatology and the media were estimated. Results: A course aimed at Stomatology students was suggested, composed of four themes, with an active and participatory approach, through different forms of teaching-learning, where working with the media stimulated a reflective and critical attitude in health professionals. Discussion: The course contributed to the training of Stomatology students on the prevention of dental diseases and enriched the propaganda from the media for the prevention of oral health, which provided a better performance in the preparation of educational materials in function of training human resources in medical sciences.

Caracterización de los estilos de aprendizaje en los estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina Integral Comunitaria del estado Falcón, Venezuela

RESUMEN El presente estudio tiene un carácter descriptivo explicativo causal y es el resultado de la colaboración entre profesionales cubanos y venezolanos involucrados en la dirección del proceso de formación de la carrera Medicina Integral Comunitaria en la Universidad de Ciencias de la Salud Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías, del estado de Falcón. Dirigido a caracterizar los estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de primer año, teniendo en cuenta el modo en que en ello repercuten la edad y el sexo. Se desarrolló durante el curso 2020. La muestra seleccionada estuvo constituida por 126 estudiantes de una población de 244. El instrumento diagnóstico utilizado fue el cuestionario del modelo de Kolb. Aunque existe diversidad de estilos de aprendizajes, se evidenció el predominio del estilo reflexivo en ambos sexos; sin embargo, en el caso del sexo masculino también predomina el pragmático junto al reflexivo.

ABSTRACT The present study has a causal explanatory descriptive character and is the result of the collaboration between Cuban and Venezuelan professionals involved in the direction of the training process of the Comprehensive Community Medicine career at the University of Health Sciences Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías, of the state of Falcón. Aimed at characterizing the learning styles of first-year students, taking into account the way in which age and gender affect the learning styles. The study was developed during the 2020 academic year. The selected sample consisted of 126 students from a population of 244. The diagnostic instrument used was the Kolb model questionnaire. Although there is a diversity of learning styles, the predominance of the reflective style was evidenced in both sexes; however, in the case of the male sex, the pragmatic style also predominates along with the reflective one.

Load Monitoring Practice in Elite Women Association Football.

The description of current load monitoring practices may serve to highlight developmental needs for both the training ground, academia and related industries. While previous studies described these practices in elite men's football, no study has provided an overview of load monitoring practices in elite women's football. Given the clear organizational differences (i.e., professionalization and infrastructure) between men's and women's clubs, making inferences based on men's data is not appropriate. Therefore, this study aims to provide a first overview of the current load monitoring practices in elite women's football. Twenty-two elite European women's football clubs participated in a closed online survey (40% response rate). The survey consisted of 33 questions using multiple choice or Likert scales. The questions covered three topics; type of data collected and collection purpose, analysis methods, and staff member involvement. All 22 clubs collected data related to different load monitoring purposes, with 18 (82%), 21 (95%), and 22 (100%) clubs collecting external load, internal load, and training outcome data, respectively. Most respondents indicated that their club use training models and take into account multiple indicators to analyse and interpret the data. While sports-science staff members were most involved in the monitoring process, coaching, and sports-medicine staff members also contributed to the discussion of the data. Overall, the results of this study show that most elite women's clubs apply load monitoring practices extensively. Despite the organizational challenges compared to men's football, these observations indicate that women's clubs have a vested interest in load monitoring. We hope these findings encourage future developments within women's football.

The effect of changes in fundamental skill complexity on upper limb loading and biomechanical characteristics of performance in female gymnastics.

Aims of this study were to investigate if changes in elbow and wrist joints loading and biomechanical characteristics of performance existed as a function of (a) different hand placement and (b) fundamental skills development in female gymnastics. Ten female gymnasts performed 54 successful trials of round-off skills (cartwheel [18], round-off [18], round-off to back handspring [18]), with three different hand positions (parallel, T-shape and reverse). Kinematic and kinetic data were collected for each trial. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyse the injury risk factors. Findings of the current study showed that an increase in RO skill difficulty level significantly influences the mechanical load on the upper extremities. With the increase in mechanical load on the upper extremities during the reverse and parallel hand positions, this study suggests that that T-shape hand position should be used as the primary technique for the young female. Differences in vertical velocity from touchdown to take-off between the three hand positions for the RO and RO-BH suggested that the reverse position was less effective for young female gymnasts. The findings of the current study demonstrated no clear performance benefits between hand position selection.

The assessment of the impact of a training process on the habituation of the vestibular-vegetative system, using a special rotational test as a condition of maintaining flight safety.

OBJECTIVES: The authors formulated a hypothesis that, on completion of the training program by cadets, their vestibular habituation would increase, measured by the time of the duration of the test on the unlocked looping, in contrast to the initial values and the control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research involved 35 male cadets, first-year students of the Polish Air Force Academy in Deblin. The examined persons were on average 20 years of age. They were divided into 2 groups. Group A (N = 25, tested) continued training on Special Aviation Gymnastic Instruments (SAGI). The cadets were a homogeneous group of participants in the jet pilot course, selected by the Military Aeromedical Board. Group B (N = 10, control) conducted the standard physical military education program. Groups A and B were tested on the unlocked looping before and after the training process. In the training process, the groups had heart rate (HR) monitored. RESULTS: The cadets in group A on the test in the unlocked looping, at the beginning of the training period, had an average score of 468.5±96.6 s, and on completion of the training period 575.6±47.9 s, which is a statistically significant difference at p < 0.000001. Similarly, the examined individuals in group B received an average score of 396.2±31.8 s, and at the end of the training period 473.4±72.0 s, which is a statistically significant difference at p < 0.01. In group A, a statistically significant decrease in the average HR value was observed. In group B, there was a statistically significant increase in the average HR value. CONCLUSIONS: The exercises on SAGI have a beneficial impact on improving the habituation of the vestibular organ in training cadets in examination II, as opposed to examination I and the control group. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2020;33(4):497-506.

Polish Paralympic Sports in the Opinion of Athletes and Coaches in Retrospective Studies.

The study aimed to identify the limitations observed in Polish Paralympic sport depending on the environment in which athletes train on a daily basis. The study included 581 persons divided into two basic groups. The first group consists of athletes (n = 324) and coaches (n = 88) appointed to the national team by associations and unions providing sports training exclusively for athletes with disabilities. The second group consisted of athletes with disabilities (n = 146) and their coaches (n = 23), who work in national sports associations working for both able-bodied and disabled people. The study used the diagnostic survey method with a questionnaire developed by Sobiecka. The difficulties indicated by the respondents referred to various aspects related to the activity in professional sport. Particularly emphasised difficulties were related to organizational and financial limitations as well as the management and coaching staff. At the same time, it was demonstrated that the environment was a differentiating factor between the studied groups of athletes and coaches.

Estresse e Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde: Compreendendo Significados no Processo de Formação / Stress and Multiprofessional Residence in Health: Understanding Meanings in the Training Process

RESUMO Durante o processo de formação, os residentes multiprofissionais em saúde estão expostos a eventos estressores que podem comprometer sua trajetória profissional. Este estudo avaliou o estresse de pós-graduandos do Programa de Residência Integrada Multiprofissional em Saúde (RIMS) em uma maternidade-escola, como também buscou compreender os significados atribuídos pelos residentes diante desse processo. A pesquisa compreendeu duas abordagens metodológicas, quantitativa e qualitativa, de forma complementar. Assim, participaram deste estudo 26 sujeitos, distribuídos de forma equivalente entre o primeiro e o segundo ano do Programa de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Para coleta de dados, foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos: ficha de identificação, que abordou questões socioculturais, Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL), além de um questionário com questões abertas. Para análise dos resultados, foram realizadas a tabulação e a análise das frequências, utilizando-se o programa PSPP, versão 1.0.1. Na abordagem qualitativa, foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Verificou-se que 96,2% dos pesquisados apresentaram estresse. Destes, 72% estavam na fase de resistência e 28% na quase exaustão, predominando os sintomas psicológicos (68%). A análise qualitativa permitiu identificar que a sobrecarga de atividades e a escassez de articulação entre teoria e prática foram fatores desafiadores no cotidiano da formação. Além disso, em relação aos fatores gratificantes vivenciados durante a residência, o trabalho interdisciplinar e o reconhecimento do trabalho por parte do usuário foram considerados, pelos residentes, vivências gratificantes. Já a dificuldade de reconhecimento do trabalho por parte da equipe, a preceptoria e a mão de obra barata foram vistas como fatores relacionados a sentimentos de frustração. É indispensável elaborar políticas públicas a fim de aprimorar os projetos pedagógicos dos Programas de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde (PRMS), contribuindo para a saúde física e mental dos residentes.

ABSTRACT During the training process, multiprofessional health residents are exposed to stressful events that may compromise their professional trajectory. This study aimed to assess the stress suffered by graduate students of the Multiprofessional Integrated Health Residency Program (RIMS) at a maternity school, as well understand the meanings attributed by the residents of this process. The research comprised two complementary methodological approaches: quantitative and qualitative. Thus, 26 subjects participated in the study, distributed equally between the first and second years of the Neonatal Intensive Care Program. The following data collection instruments were applied: identification form, which addressed socio-cultural issues, the Lipp Adult Stress Symptom Inventory (ISSL), and a questionnaire with open-ended questions. For analysis of the results, tabulation and frequency analysis were carried out using the program PSPP, version 1.0.1. Bardin content analysis was was the qualitative method adopted. It was verified that 96.2% of the respondents presented stress, of whom 72% were in the resistance phase and 28% at near-exhaustion, with a prevalence of psychological symptoms (68%). The qualitative analysis allowed us to identify that overload of activities and lack of articulation between theory and practice were challenging factors in the daily life of the trainees. Furthermore, in relation to gratifying factors experienced during the residence, interdisciplinary work and recognition of one's work by the user were considered by the residents to be rewarding experiences. Difficulty in achieving recognition of the work by the team, the preceptors and the cheap labor, meanwhile, were seen as factors related to feelings of frustration. It is essential that public policies be developed in order to improve the pedagogical projects of the Multiprofessional Health Residency Programs (PRMS), contributing to the physical and mental health of the residents.

Monitoring Training and Match Physical Load in Junior Soccer Players: Starters versus Substitutes.

The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the physical (locomotor activities) and physiological (Banister's training impulse) in-season training load between starters and substitutes in a well-trained junior soccer team. Physical performance variables from the Polar Team Pro system were collected and analyzed from a sample of junior soccer players (N = 18; age = 15.7 ± 0.5 years; stature, 177.9 ± 4.6 cm; body mass, 67.1 ± 5.5 kg). The study analyzed a total of 10 matches and 38 training sessions during the 2018 season with linear mixed models. The players from the starting line-ups demonstrated significantly higher average weekly physical load compared to the non-starters with respect to all variables: distance (total, running, high-speed running, and sprint) [F (1, 573) ≥ 66, p < 0.001, eta = 0.10], number of accelerations and sprints [F (1, 573) ≥ 66, p < 0.001, eta = 0.10], as well as Banister's training impulse (TRIMP) [F (1, 569) = 10, p < 0.001, eta = 0.02]. Evidence from this study indicates that a large amount of weekly accumulated high-speed running and sprint distances is related to match playing time. Therefore, weekly fitness-related adaptations in running at high speeds seem to favor the starters in a soccer team.

Acciones pedagógicas para perfeccionar la actividad científico-estudiantil en la Facultad de Estomatología / Pedagogical actions to improve student scientific activity in the Dental School

Introducción: Para cumplimentar la misión de la universidad cubana, preparar al profesional para su desempeño exitoso en la sociedad, es imprescindible la integración dialéctica de los procesos sustantivos: académico, laboral y extensionista con la investigación. Objetivo: Elaborar acciones pedagógicas para perfeccionar la actividad científico-estudiantil. Métodos: Investigación en el campo de la educación médica con los estudiantes de la Facultad de Estomatología "Raúl González Sánchez" en el curso 2016- 2017. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: el análisis y síntesis de la bibliografía consultada y la revisión documental. También se realizaron entrevistas grupales a estudiantes y profesores deldepartamento de Informática, una encuesta a profesores de otros departamentos. Los datos fueron procesados utilizando la estadística descriptiva y se presentaron en números absolutos y porcientos. Resultados: El 79,6 por ciento y 96,8 por ciento de los estudiantes expresó que no está preparado para investigar y poca disponibilidad de computadoras y acceso a Internet respectivamente, 91,3 por ciento manifestaron falta de motivación. Entre las acciones pedagógicas propuestas estuvieron la implementación de cursos sobre en el currículo optativo/electivo, la incorporación de estudiantes a proyectos de investigación de los profesores y creación del Grupo Científico Estudiantil (GCE) de la facultad. Conclusiones: La actividad científica-estudiantil no ha alcanzado los resultados esperados. Las acciones pedagógicas que se proponen, con el fin de perfeccionar los resultados de la actividad científica-estudiantil, permiten a los profesores y directivos de la facultad, contar con una guía actualizada para orientar el trabajo hacia el logro de mejores resultados de la actividad científica estudiantil en la institución(AU)

Introduction: In order to complete the mission of the Cuban university and to prepare the professionals for their successful performance in the society, it is essential the dialectical integration of the substantive processes (academic, work-related and university outreach) with research. Objective: To elaborate pedagogical actions to perfect the student scientific activity. Methods: Research carried out in the field of medical education with the students of Raúl González Sánchez Dental School, during the academic year 2016-2017. The theoretical methods include analysis and synthesis of the consulted bibliography and document review. Group interviews were also conducted on students and professors from the IT department, together with a survey on professors from other departments. The data were processed using descriptive statistics and presented in absolute and percentage numbers. Results: 79.6 por ciento and 96.8 por ciento of the students expressed that they are not ready to investigate and that there is scarce availability of computers and Internet access, respectively. 91.3 por ciento noted lack of motivation. The proposed pedagogical actions include the implementation of courses on the optional and elective curricula, the incorporation of students to research projects by the professors, and the creation of the Student Scientific Group (GCE) in the School. Conclusions: Student scientific activity has not achieved the expected results. The pedagogical actions proposed for improving the outcome of student scientific activity allow the professors and directors of the School to have updated guidelines for working towards the achievement of better outcome as part of the student scientific activity in the institution(AU)

Tratamiento de la orientación sicoeducativa a niños y adolescentes con anomalías dentomaxilofaciales en el proceso formativo del estomatólogo / Psychoeducational guidance for children and teenagers with dentalmaxillofacial anomalies in the training process of stomatologists

La formación profesional tiene un carácter contextualizado que responde a las exigencias que la época, la sociedad y el país reclaman a las universidades. La Estomatología en Cuba no se encuentra al margen de estos preceptos por lo que desarrolla un plan de estudio que acentúa la flexibilidad para realizar modificaciones necesarias y pertinentes. El estudiante al culminar la carrera debe brindar una atención estomatológica integral donde las anomalías dentomaxilofaciales constituyen la tercera línea de trabajo. Estas ocasionan afectaciones estéticas que repercuten en la autoestima y adaptación social de niños y adolescentes por lo que se necesita de una orientación sicoeducativa, acción para la cual el profesional deberá estar preparado. A partir de las insuficiencias detectadas en el proceso formativo del estomatólogo, el objetivo del presente trabajo es proponer un curso propio sobre la temática para favorecer la graduación de un profesional capaz de resolver los problemas que afectan el complejo estomatognático con un enfoque biosicosocial. Los métodos empleados fueron el histórico-lógico y análisis-síntesis.

Professional training has a contextualized nature which reflects the demands that the time, society and the country require from universities. In Cuba, Stomatology is not out of these precepts and therefore it carries out a syllabus that emphasizes flexibility to make necessary and appropriate changes. When students graduate, they must provide a complete stomatological care where dental maxillofacial anomalies are the third line of work. They cause aesthetic harm that affects children and teenagers' self-esteem and social adaptation which makes psych educational guidance necessary; a situation professional must be prepared for. Starting from the weak points discovered in the training process of stomatologists, a crash course in the subject is suggested in order to favor the graduation of professionals who are able to solve problems that affect the stomatognatic complex with a biopsychosocial approach, through the use of required methods, techniques and procedures.