Análisis de las horas de trabajo autónomo al implementarse el sistema de créditos en odontología / Analysis of self-employed hours when implementing the credit system in dentistry

Introducción: El Sistema de Créditos Transferibles fue desarrollado para traducir la carga de trabajo de los estudiantes en créditos académicos que son reconocidos en todos los países, apuntando al logro del aprendizaje. El aprendizaje autónomo es un objetivo que la mayoría de los programas educativos promueven como una opción estratégica para conectar la profesión, el entorno de estudio y las expectativas profesionales. Objetivo: Analizar las horas de trabajo autónomo utilizadas por los estudiantes para lograr los resultados de aprendizaje determinados en los programas de asignaturas, su efectividad en cuanto al rendimiento académico y su correspondencia con lo establecido en el plan de estudio, ajustado al Sistema de Créditos Transferibles. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis descriptivo transversal retrospectivo a partir de datos de un registro manual de estudiantes (n = 54) y docentes (n = 6) respecto a seis asignaturas de primer nivel de la Carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile, sede Temuco. Resultados: Los análisis revelan una incoherencia entre las horas de trabajo autónomo utilizadas por los estudiantes con respecto a lo establecido en el plan de estudio y las horas de trabajo extra-aula estimadas por los profesores. Conclusión: Se concluye que la implementación del Sistema de Créditos Transferibles por sí sola no asegura una mejora en el desempeño de los estudiantes, requiriendo revisar el procedimiento institucional para definirlas; por parte de los docentes una mayor apropiación de los resultados de aprendizajes y la didáctica necesaria para orientar a los estudiantes a obtener un mayor rendimiento del trabajo autónomo, por otro lado, los estudiantes deben ser responsables del uso consciente de dichas horas(AU)

Introduction: The Transferable Credit System was developed to translate student workload into academic credits that are recognized in all countries, aiming at learning achievement. Autonomous learning is an objective that most educational programs promote as a strategic option to connect career, study environment and professional expectations. Objective: Analyzing the hours of autonomous work used by students to achieve the learning outcomes determined in the subject programs, their effectiveness in terms of academic performance and their correspondence with what is established in the study plan, adjusted to the Transferable Credit System. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive analysis was carried out using data from a manual record of students (n= 54) and teachers (n= 6) regarding six first level subjects of the Dentistry course of the Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco campus. Results: The analysis revealed an incoherence between the hours of autonomous work used by the students with respect to what is established in the study plan and the hours of extra-classroom work estimated by the professors. Conclusion: It is concluded that the implementation of the Transferable Credit System alone does not ensure an improvement in student performance, requiring a review of the institutional procedure to define them; on the part of teachers a greater appropriation of the learning outcomes and the didactics necessary to guide students to obtain a higher yield of autonomous work, on the other hand, students must be responsible for the conscious use of these hours(AU)

qnrVC occurs in different genetic contexts in Klebsiella and Enterobacter strains isolated from Brazilian coastal waters.

OBJECTIVES: In contrast to other qnr families, qnrVC has been reported mainly in Vibrio spp. and inserted in class 1 integrons. This study aimed to identify the variants of qnrVC genes detected in Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2-producing Enterobacter and Klebsiella strains isolated from Brazilian coastal waters and the genetic contexts associated with their occurrence. METHODS: qnrVC variants were identified by Sanger sequencing. Stains were typified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation assays, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were applied to identify the strains' antimicrobial resistance profile, qnrVC and blaKPC-2 co-transference, and qnrVC genetic context. RESULTS: qnrVC1 was identified in 15 Enterobacter and 3 Klebsiella, and qnrVC4 in 2 Enterobacter strains. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed 12 clonal profiles of Enterobacter and one of Klebsiella. Strains were resistant to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, fosfomycin, quinolones, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Co-transference of qnrVC and blaKPC-2 were obtained from five representative Enterobacter strains, which showed resistance to ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate, and reduced susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, meropenem, and ciprofloxacin. WGS analysis from representative strains revealed one K. quasipneumoniae subsp. similipneumoniae, one E. soli, four E. kobei, and seven isolates belonging to Enterobacter Taxon 3. Long-read WGS showed qnrVC and blaKPC-2 were carried by the same replicon on Klebsiella and Enterobacter strains, and the qnrVC association with not previously described genetic environments composed of insertion sequences and truncated genes. These contexts occurred in small- and high-molecular-weight plasmids belonging to IncFII, IncP6, pKPC-CAV1321, and IncU groups. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the dissemination of qnrVC among Enterobacterales in Brazilian coastal waters is associated with several genetic recombination events.

El proceso de atención al Adulto Mayor en Cienfuegos: ¿salud o bienestar? / The process of care to the elderly in Cienfuegos: Health or well-being?

RESUMEN Este artículo surge de la necesidad de facilitarles a los profesionales de la Cultura Física de un programa con los elementos necesarios para la atención de los adultos mayores. El objetivo de la investigación es proponer un Programa de Ejercicios Físicos para el tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial en el Adulto Mayor. Esta situación hace necesario el desarrollo de la atención integral de los ancianos que se realiza esencialmente a través de los Círculos de Abuelos constituidos a lo largo de todo el país, atendidos por profesionales del Ministerio de Salud Pública y el Instituto de Cultura Física, Deportes y Recreación.

ABSTRACT This article arises of the necessity of facilitating to the professionals of the Physical Culture of a program with the necessary elements for the attention of the biggest adults. The objective of the investigation is to propose a Program of Physical Exercises for the treatment of the arterial hypertension in the biggest Adult. This situation makes necessary the development of the integral attention of the old men that is carried out essentially through the Circles of Grandparents constituted along the whole country, assisted by professionals of the Ministry of Public Health and the Institute of Physical Culture, Sports and Recreation.

Assembly of an atrazine catabolic operon and its introduction to Gram-negative hosts for robust and stable degradation of triazine herbicides.

In 1995, Pseudomonas sp. ADP, capable of metabolizing atrazine, was isolated from contaminated soil. Genes responsible for atrazine mineralization were found scattered in the 108.8 kb pADP-1 plasmid carried by this strain, some of them flanked by insertion sequences rendering them unstable. The goal of this work was to construct a transcriptional unit containing the atz operon in an easy to transfer manner, to be introduced and inherited stably by Gram-negative bacteria. atz genes were PCR amplified, joined into an operon and inserted onto the mobilizable plasmid pBAMD1-2. Primers were designed to add efficient transcription and translation signals. Plasmid bearing the atz operon was transferred to different Gram-negative strains by conjugation, which resulted in Tn5 transposase-mediated chromosomal insertion of the atz operon. To test the operon activity, atrazine degradation by transposants was assessed both colorimetrically and by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Transposants mineralized atrazine more efficiently than wild-type Pseudomonas sp. ADP and did not accumulate cyanuric acid. Atrazine degradation was not repressed by simple nitrogen sources. Genes conferring atrazine-mineralizing capacities were stable and had little or null effect on the fitness of different transposants. Introduction of catabolic operons in a stable fashion could be used to develop bacteria with better degrading capabilities useful in bioremediation.

Evaluation and classification of bovine embryos

Bovine Embryo transfer has been used widely to reproduce the most valuable females in the herd with about 750,000 embryos produced annually from superovulated donors and more than 450,000 embryos produced are the safest and most cost affective alternatives to move genetics internationally because og their low risk of transmitting diseases. One of most important factors associated with the success and widepread application of this technologie is evaluation of the embryos before freezing and/or transfer to a recipient. Embryos are usually classified based on a number code system for their stage of development (1 to 9) and for their quality (1 to 4). The basic principles of embryo evaluation are briefly described.(AU)

Evaluation and classification of bovine embryos

Bovine Embryo transfer has been used widely to reproduce the most valuable females in the herd with about 750,000 embryos produced annually from superovulated donors and more than 450,000 embryos produced are the safest and most cost affective alternatives to move genetics internationally because og their low risk of transmitting diseases. One of most important factors associated with the success and widepread application of this technologie is evaluation of the embryos before freezing and/or transfer to a recipient. Embryos are usually classified based on a number code system for their stage of development (1 to 9) and for their quality (1 to 4). The basic principles of embryo evaluation are briefly described.

Autopercepção de competências transversais de trabalho em universitários: construção de um instrumento

O sucesso e a permanência no mercado de trabalho não estão ligados somente às competências técnicas e específicas de cada profissão. Competências transversais, ou seja, que podem ser transferidas de um contexto a outro de trabalho, são cada vez mais importantes. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi a construção de um instrumento para avaliar a autopercepção de competências transversais de trabalho em universitários. A amostra foi composta por 777 universitários de 34 cursos diferentes com idades entre 18 e 33 anos. Resultados de análises de componentes principais indicaram sete dimensões no instrumento: resolução de problemas e criatividade, organização e responsabilidade, relacionamento interpessoal, trabalho em equipe, comunicação escrita, comunicação oral e raciocínio numérico. Os índices de fidedignidade obtidos foram todos satisfatórios (entre 0,74 e 0,91). Estes resultados sugerem que o instrumento proposto apresenta boas qualidades psicométricas, embora novos estudos de validade sejam necessários.(AU)

Success and permanence in the labor market do not depend only on individuals' possession of specific and technical skills of her or his occupation. Transferable skills, which can be transferred from one context of work to another, are increasingly important. The main objective of this research was the construction of an instrument to assess self-perceptions of work transferable skills among university students. The sample was composed of 777 students from 34 different courses, aged between 18 and 33 years. Principal components analysis results revealed seven dimensions in the instrument: problem-solving and creativity, organization and responsibility, interpersonal relationship, teamwork, written communication, oral communication and numeric reasoning. All reliability indexes obtained were satisfactory (between 0.74 and 0.91). These results suggest that the proposed instrument shows good psychometric properties, although further validity studies are needed.(AU)

Autopercepção de competências transversais de trabalho em universitários: construção de um instrumento / Self-perception of work transferable skills among university students: construction of an instrument

O sucesso e a permanência no mercado de trabalho não estão ligados somente às competências técnicas e específicas de cada profissão. Competências transversais, ou seja, que podem ser transferidas de um contexto a outro de trabalho, são cada vez mais importantes. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi a construção de um instrumento para avaliar a autopercepção de competências transversais de trabalho em universitários. A amostra foi composta por 777 universitários de 34 cursos diferentes com idades entre 18 e 33 anos. Resultados de análises de componentes principais indicaram sete dimensões no instrumento: resolução de problemas e criatividade, organização e responsabilidade, relacionamento interpessoal, trabalho em equipe, comunicação escrita, comunicação oral e raciocínio numérico. Os índices de fidedignidade obtidos foram todos satisfatórios (entre 0,74 e 0,91). Estes resultados sugerem que o instrumento proposto apresenta boas qualidades psicométricas, embora novos estudos de validade sejam necessários.

Success and permanence in the labor market do not depend only on individuals' possession of specific and technical skills of her or his occupation. Transferable skills, which can be transferred from one context of work to another, are increasingly important. The main objective of this research was the construction of an instrument to assess self-perceptions of work transferable skills among university students. The sample was composed of 777 students from 34 different courses, aged between 18 and 33 years. Principal components analysis results revealed seven dimensions in the instrument: problem-solving and creativity, organization and responsibility, interpersonal relationship, teamwork, written communication, oral communication and numeric reasoning. All reliability indexes obtained were satisfactory (between 0.74 and 0.91). These results suggest that the proposed instrument shows good psychometric properties, although further validity studies are needed.