Family's experience of memory making in adult intensive care and its use in early bereavement: A descriptive qualitative study.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To explore the family's experience being offered memory making during end-of-life care in the adult intensive care unit and its use in early bereavement. BACKGROUND: Family members of individuals who develop a critical illness requiring emergency hospitalisation are unlikely to be prepared for a possible death. This places them at increased risk of poorer bereavement experiences. One potential intervention is memory making, which is an act that provides tangible objects such as a handprint, footprint, lock of hair, or teddy bear, that allows connections with and provides meaningful memories about a person. Families in the adult acute population reportedly have positive reactions regarding the objects, but it is unknown the object's effects on early bereavement experiences. DESIGN: Descriptive qualitative study utilising inductive reflexive thematic analysis. Reporting adheres to the COREQ checklist. METHODS: Between May 2019-December 2020, a purposeful, convenience sample of 21 participants from a tertiary referral, adult intensive care unit in Australia were recruited to explore their experiences being offered memory making during end-of-life care and the objects use in early bereavement. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured format and occurred at the participants' location of choice. RESULTS: Data analysis generated three themes: guidance during end of life by healthcare professionals that recognises the autonomy of the family; object used as a trigger to access memories; and storage and preservation of the object as an indication of its sentimental value and use in early bereavement CONCLUSION: Memory making objects such as handprints, locks of hair, or teddy bears received in the adult intensive care unit were valued and utilised during early bereavement by most recipients. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Findings inform practice evidence gaps regarding the family's experiences of memory making received as a bereavement intervention in the adult acute population. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Participants contributed through sharing their first-hand experiences of receiving memory making in the adult intensive care unit.

Factors associated with the decision to offer memory making in end-of-life: A survey of healthcare professionals in adult intensive care.

AIM: Report experiences and behaviour influences with healthcare professionals' decision to and experiences of offering memory making during end-of-life care in the adult acute population. BACKGROUND: Little is known about healthcare professionals' experiences offering memory making during adult acute end-of-life care. DESIGN: Survey. METHODS: Registered nurses, medical practitioners and social workers employed at a single tertiary referral adult intensive care, where memory making had been implemented nearly two years prior were invited to participate between June and August 2017. Reporting adheres to the STROBE checklist. RESULTS: Ninety-six valid surveys (75% response rate: 75 registered nurses, 19 medical practitioners, and 2 social workers) were analysed with 67 participants reporting experience offering memory making. Highest overall agreement scores included believing families value memory making and the offer of memory making being beneficial. Enablers were described as organisational supports, personal qualities and good interpersonal relationships. Barriers identified included the intensive care environment, workload, inexperience offering/facilitating memory making, being afraid to offer, lack of resources and legality concerns. Compared with non-experienced participants, experienced participants reported higher level of confidence and comfort offering memory making, pride in their ability, ability to spend time supporting families and had observed colleagues offering memory making. Experienced participants were less likely to be afraid to offer, be limited by the family's behaviours, report lack of resources or be time limited to offer memory making. CONCLUSION: Findings identify elements needed for the development and support for offering memory making to assist bereaved families in adult acute care including role modelling, support to reduce negative emotions, workload assistance and leadership/organisational support. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Discoveries have important implications in addressing evidence gaps regarding behaviour influences linked to the decision to offer memory making. Findings inform development and sustainability to integrate memory making as routine end-of-life care intervention in adult acute care.

From Battleground to Playground: The Video Game Avatar as Transitional Phenomenon for a Transgender Patient.

The language and theories of Winnicott offer a lens for examining the importance of play in the development of the queer, transgender, and/or gender-nonconforming patient and the safety that virtual spaces-specifically, video games-provide for this play. While much of the literature posits the primary therapeutic value of virtual space as the site of psychic battle, interaction with a video game avatar can also be understood as an act of queerness-as-play, a potential cornerstone of healthy identity formation that may otherwise be precluded. An example of this paradigm is given in the case report of a twenty-year-year-old transwoman who used her video game avatar as a tool in her therapeutic progress during her medical transition. For effective psychotherapy to take place, both patient and clinician must have a capacity to play. With this in mind, the clinician might best visualize the virtual space not as a battleground, but as a playground.

Healthcare professionals' knowledge, skills, and role in offering and facilitating memory making during end-of-life care in the adult intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: An activity to provide a tangible keepsake following the death of a loved one is termed 'memory making'. However, limited evidence is available related to professionals' education and support to provide memory making opportunities in the adult intensive care unit (ICU). Having a greater understanding of healthcare professionals' experiences can inform future patient/family care and support for professionals in end-of-life care. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe what participants perceive memory making to be, if they have facilitated memory making activities as part of their practice, if they perceive it as part of their role, and if they have the necessary skills to do so. METHODS: Seventy-five registered nurses (75% response rate), 19 medical doctors (76% response rate), and two social workers (66.7% response rate) completed a survey at a single tertiary referral centre in an adult ICU. RESULTS: Participants reported memory making to include the creation of tangible keepsakes as well as nontangible activities. Overall, participants reported high agreement scores that the responsibility for initiating memory making predominately belonged to the nurse. Participants reported skills most needed involved the ability to interact with the family, being open to the concept, and integrating memory making into their standard of care. Having developed a rapport with families was considered an enabler, whereas lack of knowledge and clinical workload were reported as inhibitors to offering memory making. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, participants in this study reported positive experiences with offering memory making to families during end-of-life care in the adult ICU. Nurses are more likely to perceive professional responsibility for offering memory making, likely due to their increased time at the bedside and higher prominence and leadership in other end-of-life practices. To support professionals, education should include conceptual knowledge, procedural knowledge of keepsake creations, communication techniques using reflective practices, and organisational support to facilitate time requirements.

Separation Individuation and Transitional Object Use in Daily Smoker Adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Smoking is an important problem in adolescence. Early developmental trajectories are also associated with cigarette smoking. OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to evaluate the separation-individuation process and use of transitional objects in daily smoker adolescents. METHOD: The research included 97 adolescents who were daily smokers and 210 adolescents who were nonsmokers. Transitional object assessment questionnaire, strength and difficulties questionnaire- adolescent form(SDQ), children's depression inventory(CDI) and state-trait anxiety inventory for children(STAI-C), separation and individuation test of adolescence(SITA) were applied. RESULTS: SITA subscales scores of engulfment anxiety, need denial, and rejection expectancy was higher and separation anxiety, teacher enmeshment, nurturance seeking scores were statistically significantly lower in smoker adolescents than nonsmokers. In logistic regression analysis, separation anxiety(odds ratio [OR] 0.93; 95% confidence interval[CI] 0.87-0.98), teacher enmeshment(OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.88-0.98), practicing mirroring(OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.02,1.08) and rejection expectancy (OR 1.06 95% CI 1.02,1.11) were found to be predictors of daily smoking. The use of a childhood transitional object for feeling tired and the use of an adolescent transitional object for feeling anxious and tired was found to be significantly higher in smokers. CONCLUSIONS: There are some differences in the process of separation-individuation and the use of transitional objects in the smoker group. This suggests that early developmental characteristics may be associated with smoking. Further studies are needed to better understand the causal relationship between smoking and the separation-individuation process and transitional object use.

Creative Expression as Transitional Object: Bridging Personal-Professional Identity.

The authors share their observations on the implications of concepts originated in object relations theory in art therapy students' and clinicians' identity development. Through the lens of object relations theory, students considered how the personal informs the professional, as reflected in assemblage and artwork inspired by personal or found objects. Through their own creative expression, students learned how to apply object relations theory beyond its original formulation, and how their artwork acts as a transitional object between their personal history and professional individuation. The authors explore how creative expression may serve as a bridge between these two aspects of the self, thus facilitating an educated and creatively informed personal/professional integration in the process of clinical training and practice.

Exceeding Crisis. The Psychic Life of Drawings.

Since 2015, an unprecedented number of people from Middle Eastern and African countries have crossed borders into and within Europe. Media and political actors describe this time as an "emergency" and a "crisis" that challenges the core of European values and human rights principles. Calling this a crisis implies responding to it, on the one hand, with humanitarian gestures of saving lives, and, on the other, with stricter border control. I reflect on the grammar of crisis and the forms of care that it simultaneously enables and disables. I am inspired by the relationship between two painters-from Tunisia and Nigeria-and their forms of therapeutic and ethical explorations through art. I propose to attend to practices that bear witness to other grammars, or the lack thereof. These practices are the expression of a denial, or, better, of an interruption in the language of the crisis and pathology.

Memory making in end-of-life care in the adult intensive care unit: A scoping review of the research literature.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to describe the practice of memory making as part of end-of-life care within an adult intensive care setting and determine reported outcomes. METHODS: A scoping review of the literature was performed. Data were collected from sources such as ProQuest, CINAHL, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed using combinations of the keywords: including adult, critical care, intensive care, ICU, death, dying, grief, bereavement, end?of?life, memento*, memor*, keepsak*, and transitional object. Peer-reviewed studies reporting on the use of memory making within an adult intensive care setting and its outcomes for family members were included. RESULTS: Four activities facilitating memory making as part of end-of-life care for adults are reported in the literature, all in the intensive care setting. Use of a computer-generated word cloud image received by families in the intensive care was reported as a meaningful keepsake and sometimes displayed in places such as the patient's funeral memorial. Offering a printed copy of the patient's electrocardiogram as a memento was considered by some to be extremely or very helpful during their bereavement experience and was reported by nursing staff to be well received by family members. The use of patient diaries during bereavement has been reported with the potential to promote better understanding of the events leading to the death, and photography was also included in some patient diaries as a visual memento. CONCLUSION: Although limited evidence is available concerning memory making in the adult intensive care environment, from studies to date, surviving family members of deceased patients in the intensive care unit mostly report valuing memory-making opportunities when offered. However, further research is required to evaluate both healthcare staff's competence and confidence in offering memory making and determine if such offerings promote the family's adjustment to the loss of their loved one after a death in the intensive care area.

Objetos transicionais e o desenvolvimento da capacidade de incomodar / Transitional objects and developing the ability to trouble / Objetos transicionales y el desarrollo de la capacidad de molestar / Objets transitionnels et développement de la capacité d'incommoder

O objetivo do presente trabalho é sublinhar a relação histórica e conceitual entre a teoria dos fenômenos transicionais e a teoria da tendência antissocial, focalizando o uso pessoal e simbólico dos objetos inanimados. Winnicott (1956/2005) reconheceu que a deprivação, antes de ser o resultado de uma ruptura traumática do desenvolvimento emocional, é uma vivência corriqueira durante a maternagem e que o objeto transicional é indicador de que o bebê já alcançou, ou está em vias de alcançar, a capacidade de incomodar. Entretanto, quando traumática, a deprivação é seguida de um processo dissociativo em que o acesso à transicionalidade é, regressivamente, perdido e os objetos inanimados se tornam objetos impessoais. Uma reflexão decorrente desse tema é a do lugar dos objetos simbólicos e dos objetos impessoais em nosso cotidiano e seus efeitos no sofrimento psíquico da atualidade.

The objective of the present work is to emphasize the historical and conceptual relationship between the theory of transitional phenomena and the antisocial tendency theory, focusing on the personal and symbolic use of inanimate objects. Winnicott (1956/2005) acknowledged that deprivation, before being the result of a traumatic rupture of emotional development, is a common experience during mothering and that the transitional object is an indicator that the baby has already attained, or is about to reach, the ability to trouble. However, when traumatic, deprivation is followed by a dissociative process in which access to transitionality is regressively lost and inanimate objects become impersonal objects. A reflection derived from this theme is that of the place of the symbolic objects and the impersonal objects in our daily life and their effects in the psychic suffering of the present time.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es subrayar la relación histórica y conceptual entre la teoría de los fenómenos transicionales y la teoría de la tendencia antisocial, enfocando el uso personal y simbólico de los objetos inanimados. Winnicott (1956/2005) reconoció que la privación, antes de ser el resultado de una ruptura traumática del desarrollo emocional, es una vivencia ordinaria durante la maternidad y que el objeto transicional es un indicador de que el bebé ya alcanzó, o está en camino de alcanzar, la capacidad de incomodar. Sin embargo, cuando traumática, la privación es seguida de un proceso disociativo en que el acceso a la transicionalidad es, regresivamente, perdido y los objetos inanimados se vuelven objetos impersonales. Una reflexión resultante de este tema es la del lugar de los objetos simbólicos y de los objetos impersonales en nuestro cotidiano y sus efectos en el sufrimiento psíquico de la actualidad.

L'objectif de cette étude est de mettre l'accent sur la relation historique et conceptuelle entre la théorie de l'objet transitionnel et la théorie de la tendance antisociale, en se concentrant sur l'usage personnel et symbolique des objets matériels. Winnicott (1956/2005) a reconnu que la privation avant d'être le résultat d'une rupture traumatique du développement émotionnel est une expérience courante pour maternage et que l'objet transitionnel est un indicateur que le bébé a atteint, ou est sur le point d'atteindre, la capacité d'incommoder. Toutefois, lorsque la privation traumatique est suivie d'un processus dissociatif dans lequel l'accès à transitionnalité est en arrière, les objets inanimés deviennent des objets impersonnels. Une réflexion résultant de ce thème est le lieu des objets symboliques et des objets impersonnels dans notre vie quotidienne et ses effets sur la souffrance mentale d'aujourd'hui.

Psicanálise com crianças: sobre identificações e escolhas de objetos transicionais durante a sessão analítica / Psychoanalysis with children: on identification and choices of transitional objects during the analytic session / Psicoanálisis con niños: acerca de identificaciones y elecciones de objetos transicionales durante la sesión analítica

Considerando-se aspectos relacionados à invenção da infância e à inauguração da possibilidade do trabalho terapêutico com crianças por meio da psicanálise, propõe-se, neste artigo, discutir algumas questões importantes no que tange à psicoterapia infantil, suscitadas a partir da realização do Estágio Integrado em Psicologia, na prática de psicoterapia de base analítica. Para tanto, serão discutidas as noções de resistência e suas articulações com a transferência, bem como a identificação de crianças com animais e a escolha de objetos transicionais durante a sessão, que se mostram como potentes aliados para a expressão da criança e constituem vias de acesso ao inconsciente.

Considering aspects related to the invention of childhood and the beginning of possible therapeutic work with children through psychoanalysis, this article proposes to discuss important questions regarding child psychotherapy, raised during the Integrated Internship in Psychology in the practice of analytical psychotherapy. To do so, notions of resistance and their articulations with transference will be discussed, as well as the identification of children with animals and the choice of transitional objects during the session, which show themselves as powerful allies for the child's expression and constitute access routes to the unconscious.

Considerando los aspectos relacionados con la invención de la infancia y la posibilidad del trabajo terapéutico con niños por medio del psicoanálisis, este artículo propone discutir algunas cuestiones importantes en lo que atañe a la psicoterapia infantil, suscitadas durante la Práctica Integrada en Psicología, en el ejercicio de la psicoterapia de base analítica. Para ello, se discuten los conceptos de resistencia y sus articulaciones con la transferencia, asimismo la identificación de niños con animales y la elección de objetos transicionales durante la sesión, que se muestran potentes aliados a la expresión del niño y constituyen vías de acceso al inconsciente.

Problemáticas en la separación desde la teoría de los fenómenos transicionales en niño con diagnóstico de trastorno de ansiedad por separación / Problemáticas na separação a partir da teoria dos fenômenos transicionais em uma criança com diagnóstico de transtorno de ansiedade por separação / Separation difficulties analyzed in the light of the transitional phenomena theory in a child diagnosed with separation anxiety disorder / Problèmes de séparation analysés selon la théorie des phénomènes transitionnels chez un enfant diagnostiqué d'anxiété de séparation

Esta investigación comprende un estudio de caso único, por lo tanto, no pretende dar una explicación generalizable. Sin embargo, contribuye como caso ejemplar que puede evocar en el lector otros casos clínicos con similitudes y, al mismo tiempo, ilustrar desarrollos teóricos difundidos. La presente investigación, supone la existencia de una relación entre las problemáticas en la separación y la experiencia de lo transicional en la díada y contribuye a la comprensión de esta relación desde la teoría de los fenómenos transicionales de Winnicott.

Esta pesquisa é de um estudo de caso único. Portanto, não pretende dar uma explicação generalizada. Contribui, porém, como um caso exemplar que pode estimular a memória dos leitores que tenham casos similares, e também, ao mesmo tempo, ajuda a ilustrar o desenvolvimento teórico. Esta pesquisa demonstra a relação entre os problemas da separação e a experiência dessa relação no dia a dia e contribui para a compreensão dessa relação a partir da teoria dos fenômenos transicionais de Winnicott.

This research is based on a unique case report, therefore it does not intend to provide a generalizable explanation, but it contributes with an exemplary case that could stimulate readers to remember similar cases, also helping to illustrate the theoretical development. This research shows the relation between separation difficulties and the transitional experience in the maternal-infant relationship, and contributes to the comprehension of this relationship based on Winnicott's transitional phenomena theory.

Cet article présente une étude de cas unique et n'a donc pas l'intention de fournir une explication généralisée. Cependant, il représente un cas exemplaire qui pourrait évoquer chez le lecteur d'autres cas cliniques similaires et il permet, à la fois, d'illustrer le développement de théories existantes. Cette étude décrit le rapport entre les problèmes de séparation et l'expérience de ce rapport dans la vie quotidienne. Il contribue d'ailleurs à la compréhension de ce rapport à partir de la théorie des phénomènes transitionnels de Winnicott.

Dieser Artikel analysiert eine Einzelfallstudie und dessen Schlussfolgerungen können daher nicht verallgemeinert werden. Ziel ist es, eine Parallele zu ähnlichen Fällen zu ziehen und seine theoretische Entwicklung zu beschreiben. Der Artikel beschreibt das Verhältnis zwischen Trennungsschwierigkeiten und die Erfahrung dieser Beziehung im Alltag. Er trägt somit zum Verständnis dieser Beziehung bei, basierend auf Winnicotts Theorie der Übergangsphänomene.

The hippocampus facilitates integration within a symbolic field.

This paper attempts to elaborate a fundamental brain mechanism involved in the creation and maintenance of symbolic fields of thought. It will integrate theories of psychic spaces as explored by Donald Winnicott and Wilfred Bion with the neuroscientific examinations of those with bilateral hippocampal injury to show how evidence from both disciplines sheds important light on this aspect of mind. Possibly originating as a way of maintaining an oriented, first person psychic map, this capacity allows individuals a dynamic narrative access to a realm of layered elements and their connections. If the proposed hypothesis is correct, the hippocampus facilitates the integration of this symbolic field of mind, where narrative forms of thinking, creativity, memory, and dreaming are intertwined. Without the hippocampus, there is an inability to engage many typical forms of thought itself. Also, noting the ways these individuals are not impaired supports theories about other faculties of mind, providing insight into their possible roles within human thought. The evidence of different systems working in conjunction with the symbolic field provides tantalizing clues about these fundamental mechanisms of brain and mind that are normally seamlessly integrated, and hints at future areas of clinical and laboratory research, both within neuroscience and psychoanalysis.

Transitional object use in adolescence: a developmental phenomenon or a sign of problems?

BACKGROUND: Transitional object (TO) use is suggested to be related with various health problems. Prolonged TO use in adolescence is quite common, and research on its associations with health and psychosocial wellbeing is relevant because it does not necessarily represent pathologies in this age group. AIMS: To investigate the role of transitional phenomena and attachment to an inanimate object in adolescence, possible explanatory variables were studied, including sociodemographic and psychosocial factors and self-image. METHODS: The study group consisted of 992 subjects (433 boys and 559 girls), mean age 14.5 years (SD = 0.5), who were studying at comprehensive schools in the City of Turku, Finland. Information about the TO use and background data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire. Mental distress and self-esteem were assessed by the Offer Self-Image Questionnaire (OSIQ). RESULTS: The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that, in the whole study group, significant explanatory factors for the TO use included female gender (p < 0.0001), frequent pain and aches (p = 0.008), and, of the OSIQ sub-scales, low Emotional Health (p = 0.006). For girls, significant explanatory factors for the TO use were pain and aches (p = 0.003) and low Emotional Health (p = 0.002). For boys, the only statistically significant explanatory factor was pain and aches (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The TO may serve as a soothing element for somatoform pain symptoms in adolescence. Identifying of the TO use may help one see an adolescent's possible distress, symptoms of pains, and problems in psychological resilience.

O objeto transicional de Winnicott na formação do conceito de objeto a em Lacan / Winnicott's transitional object in the formation of the Lacanian concept of object a

Este artigo se propõe a estabelecer possíveis aproximações entre o conceito de objeto a lacaniano e o conceito de objeto transicional winnicottiano. Inicialmente, as referências lacanianas à obra de Winnicott aparecem sob a forma de crítica, como no Seminário 4 (1956- 1957/1995), em que está em jogo a discussão sobre as relações de objeto. Porém, alguns anos depois, no Seminário 15 (1967-1968), a vinculação do objeto a ao objeto transicional é explicitamente declarada por Lacan, acompanhada de um forte reconhecimento do trabalho do psicanalista inglês. Ao percorrermos esse trajeto, deverá ficar clara a importância dos objetos para a constituição subjetiva do ponto de vista de uma teoria psicanalítica.

This article aims to indicate possible approximations between the Lacanian concept of object a and the Winnicottian concept of transitional object. Initially, the Lacanian references to Winnicott's work are mostly critics, e.g. in the Seminar 4 (1956-1957/1995), which debates the issue of object relation. Nevertheless, a few years later, in the Seminar 15 (1967-1968), an association between the object a and the transitional object is explicitly stated by Lacan, accompanied by a strong recognition of the English psychoanalyst's work. Through this demarche, it should be clear the importance of the objects to the subjective constitution from the point of view of a psychoanalytical theory.

Kafka, Winnicott e a Boneca Viajante: perder, narrar, resgatar / Kafka, Winnicott and the Traveling Doll: loe, tell, rescue / Kafka, Winnicott et La Poupée Voyageuse: perdre, raconter, récupérer / Kafka, Winnicott y la Muñeca Viajera: perder, narrar, recuperar

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre o livro Kafka e a Boneca Viajante, a partir de conceitos desenvolvidos por D. W. Winnicott, tais como objetos e fenômenos transicionais, jogo do rabisco, espaço potencial, importância do brincar, fazendo-se, ainda, uma analogia com a constituição do vínculo terapeuta e paciente. A reflexão proposta permitiu ressaltar o quanto processos analíticos podem levar à vivência de experiências emocionais transformadoras, convertendo objetos perdidos nas diversas formas de cultura.(AU)

This paper consists of a reflection on the book "Kafka and the Traveling Doll," by Jordi Sierra i Fabra (2006). The book is based on Winnicottian concepts such as transitional objects and transitional phenomena, potential space, the importance of playing, and the construction of the relationship between analyst and patient. This reflection shows that the analytic process gives rise to transformative emotional experiences that can modify lost objects into different cultural phenomena.(AU)

Cet article propose une réflexion sur le livre "Kafka et la poupée voyageuse", de Jordi Sierra i Fabra (2006), construite à partir des concepts winnicottiens: objets et phénomènes transitionnels, jeu du gribouillis, espace potentiel, l'importance du jeu. Nous suggérons d'ailleurs une analogie de la construction du lien entre l'analyste et le patient. Notre réflexion met en relief à quel point le processus analytique peut engendrer des expériences émotionnelles transformatrices en changeant les objets perdus en diverses formes culturelles.(AU)

Este artículo apresenta una reflexión en torno del libro "Kafka y la Muñeca Viajera", a partir de los conceptos desarrollados por DW Winnicott, como objeto y fenómeno transicionales, el juego de garabatos, espacio potencial, importancia del jugar; también se hace una analogía con la creación del vínculo terapeuta y paciente. Esta reflexión ha permitido enfatizar que los procesos de análisis pueden conducir a experiencias emocionales transformadoras, con la conversión de los objetos perdidos en las diversas formas de cultura.(AU)

Kafka, Winnicott e a Boneca Viajante: perder, narrar, resgatar / Kafka, Winnicott and the Traveling Doll: loe, tell, rescue / Kafka, Winnicott et La Poupée Voyageuse: perdre, raconter, récupérer / Kafka, Winnicott y la Muñeca Viajera: perder, narrar, recuperar

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre o livro Kafka e a Boneca Viajante, a partir de conceitos desenvolvidos por D. W. Winnicott, tais como objetos e fenômenos transicionais, jogo do rabisco, espaço potencial, importância do brincar, fazendo-se, ainda, uma analogia com a constituição do vínculo terapeuta e paciente. A reflexão proposta permitiu ressaltar o quanto processos analíticos podem levar à vivência de experiências emocionais transformadoras, convertendo objetos perdidos nas diversas formas de cultura.

This paper consists of a reflection on the book "Kafka and the Traveling Doll," by Jordi Sierra i Fabra (2006). The book is based on Winnicottian concepts such as transitional objects and transitional phenomena, potential space, the importance of playing, and the construction of the relationship between analyst and patient. This reflection shows that the analytic process gives rise to transformative emotional experiences that can modify lost objects into different cultural phenomena.

Cet article propose une réflexion sur le livre "Kafka et la poupée voyageuse", de Jordi Sierra i Fabra (2006), construite à partir des concepts winnicottiens: objets et phénomènes transitionnels, jeu du gribouillis, espace potentiel, l'importance du jeu. Nous suggérons d'ailleurs une analogie de la construction du lien entre l'analyste et le patient. Notre réflexion met en relief à quel point le processus analytique peut engendrer des expériences émotionnelles transformatrices en changeant les objets perdus en diverses formes culturelles.

Este artículo apresenta una reflexión en torno del libro "Kafka y la Muñeca Viajera", a partir de los conceptos desarrollados por DW Winnicott, como objeto y fenómeno transicionales, el juego de garabatos, espacio potencial, importancia del jugar; también se hace una analogía con la creación del vínculo terapeuta y paciente. Esta reflexión ha permitido enfatizar que los procesos de análisis pueden conducir a experiencias emocionales transformadoras, con la conversión de los objetos perdidos en las diversas formas de cultura.

Da prática (privada) da perversão / The (private) practice of perversion / De l'usage (privé) de la perversion / Sobre la práctica (privada) de la perversión

Elas têm vinte, trinta, quarenta ou setenta anos, e possuem a particularidade de terem conservado um objeto transicional, um "doudou", pequeno pedaço de tecido ou pelúcia surrada remontando à primeira infância, que lhes proporcionam uma sensação "única", convocando um sentimento de quietude e de alegria, dos quais elas não podem - nem querem - se abster. Essa persistência do "objeto transicional" abre uma dupla interrogação sobre, de um lado, a natureza e o estatuto desse objeto e, de outro lado, a existência de um fetichismo específico, próprio ao sexo feminino, convocando, desse modo, um erotismo singular.(AU)

They are 20, 30, 40 or even 70 year-old women and they all have the distinctive feature of having held on to a transitional object, such as a blanket, some piece of cloth or a worn-out cuddly toy that dates back to their early childhood. This object provides them with a "unique" sensation that gives them peace of mind and bliss they cannot - and even do not want to - do without. Keeping this "transitional object" raises a dual question as to the nature and status of the object on the one hand and, on the other, the existence of a fetishism typical of women, therefore associated with a specific erotic dimension.(AU)

Elles ont 20, 30, 40 ou 70 ans, et ont la particularité d'avoir conservé un objet transitionnel, un "doudou", petit bout de tissu ou de peluche élimé remontant à la petite enfance, qui leur procure une sensation "unique", convoquant un sentiment de quiétude et de béatitude, dont elles ne peuvent - ni ne veulent - se passer. Cette persistance de "l'objet transitionnel" ouvre une double interrogation sur, d'une part, la nature et le statut de cet objet et, d'autre part, sur l'existence d'un fétichisme spécifique, propre au sexe féminin, et convoquant, de ce fait, une érotique singulière.(AU)

Ellas tienen veinte, treinta, cuarenta o setenta años y tienen todas una misma particularidad: han conservado un objeto transicional, un muñeco, un trapo, un peluche muy usado que remonta a su niñez y que les da una sensación "única", un sentimiento de beatitud y alegría al que no pueden - o no quieren - renunciar. Tal persistencia del "objeto transicional" plantea un doble interrogante: el de la naturaleza y estatus de ese objeto y el de la existencia de un fetichismo específico, propio del sexo femenino, con su erótica singular.(AU)

Da prática (privada) da perversão / The (private) practice of perversion / De l'usage (privé) de la perversion / Sobre la práctica (privada) de la perversión

Elas têm vinte, trinta, quarenta ou setenta anos, e possuem a particularidade de terem conservado um objeto transicional, um "doudou", pequeno pedaço de tecido ou pelúcia surrada remontando à primeira infância, que lhes proporcionam uma sensação "única", convocando um sentimento de quietude e de alegria, dos quais elas não podem - nem querem - se abster. Essa persistência do "objeto transicional" abre uma dupla interrogação sobre, de um lado, a natureza e o estatuto desse objeto e, de outro lado, a existência de um fetichismo específico, próprio ao sexo feminino, convocando, desse modo, um erotismo singular.

They are 20, 30, 40 or even 70 year-old women and they all have the distinctive feature of having held on to a transitional object, such as a blanket, some piece of cloth or a worn-out cuddly toy that dates back to their early childhood. This object provides them with a "unique" sensation that gives them peace of mind and bliss they cannot - and even do not want to - do without. Keeping this "transitional object" raises a dual question as to the nature and status of the object on the one hand and, on the other, the existence of a fetishism typical of women, therefore associated with a specific erotic dimension.

Elles ont 20, 30, 40 ou 70 ans, et ont la particularité d'avoir conservé un objet transitionnel, un "doudou", petit bout de tissu ou de peluche élimé remontant à la petite enfance, qui leur procure une sensation "unique", convoquant un sentiment de quiétude et de béatitude, dont elles ne peuvent - ni ne veulent - se passer. Cette persistance de "l'objet transitionnel" ouvre une double interrogation sur, d'une part, la nature et le statut de cet objet et, d'autre part, sur l'existence d'un fétichisme spécifique, propre au sexe féminin, et convoquant, de ce fait, une érotique singulière.

Ellas tienen veinte, treinta, cuarenta o setenta años y tienen todas una misma particularidad: han conservado un objeto transicional, un muñeco, un trapo, un peluche muy usado que remonta a su niñez y que les da una sensación "única", un sentimiento de beatitud y alegría al que no pueden - o no quieren - renunciar. Tal persistencia del "objeto transicional" plantea un doble interrogante: el de la naturaleza y estatus de ese objeto y el de la existencia de un fetichismo específico, propio del sexo femenino, con su erótica singular.

Attachment to inanimate objects and early childcare: A twin study.

Extensive non-maternal childcare plays an important role in children's development. This study examined a potential coping mechanism for dealing with daily separation from caregivers involved in childcare experience - children's development of attachments toward inanimate objects. We employed the twin design to estimate relative environmental and genetic contributions to the presence of object attachment, and assess whether childcare explains some of the environmental variation in this developmental phenomenon. Mothers reported about 1122 3-year-old twin pairs. Variation in object attachment was accounted for by heritability (48%) and shared environment (48%), with childcare quantity accounting for 2.2% of the shared environment effect. Children who spent half-days in childcare were significantly less likely to attach to objects relative to children who attended full-day childcare.

An exploration into the relationships people with dementia have with physical objects: an ethnographic study.

In recent years there has been increasing interest in how different aspects of object relations theory might apply to dementia. While attachment theory in dementia has been well studied, there have been no systematic investigations of the way in which transitional objects are used by people with dementia. This study explores the relationship people with dementia have with physical objects using a focussed ethnographic method. Twenty-one residents and the staff of a care home for people with dementia were observed over a two-month period. Observations were recorded and analysed in light of Winnicott's criteria for transitional objects and incorporated the work of other key theorists. The ethnography found evidence that people with dementia have varied relationships with objects and can employ objects in a transitional way. The paper then explores the implications of this research for understanding the function of transitional objects for people with dementia. The findings suggest that that Winnicott's theory of transitional objects can provide a framework for understanding some of the processes of dementia.